JP6119355B2 - Construction machine drive - Google Patents

Construction machine drive Download PDF

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JP6119355B2
JP6119355B2 JP2013062016A JP2013062016A JP6119355B2 JP 6119355 B2 JP6119355 B2 JP 6119355B2 JP 2013062016 A JP2013062016 A JP 2013062016A JP 2013062016 A JP2013062016 A JP 2013062016A JP 6119355 B2 JP6119355 B2 JP 6119355B2
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brake
hydraulic oil
pressure
cooling
pressure chamber
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寺内　謙一
謙一 寺内
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は油圧ショベルやハイブリッドショベル等の建設機械において、たとえば旋回駆動装置の減速機を冷却し、または暖める冷却／暖機システムを備えた駆動装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a drive device having a cooling / warming-up system that cools or warms a reduction gear of a swing drive device, for example, in a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator or a hybrid excavator.

ショベルの旋回駆動装置を例にとって背景技術を説明する。   The background art will be described by taking an excavator turning drive device as an example.

ショベルは、クローラ式の下部走行体上に上部旋回体が地面に対して鉛直となる軸のまわりに旋回自在に搭載され、この上部旋回体に作業アタッチメントが取付けられて構成される。   The excavator is mounted on a crawler-type lower traveling body so that the upper swing body can swing around an axis that is perpendicular to the ground, and a work attachment is attached to the upper swing body.

このショベルにおいて、上部旋回体を旋回させる旋回駆動装置は、駆動源としての油圧または電動のモータと、このモータの回転力を歯車減速機構により減速して被駆動部である上部旋回体に伝達する減速機とによって構成される。   In this excavator, a swing drive device that swings the upper swing body is a hydraulic or electric motor as a drive source, and the rotational force of the motor is reduced by a gear reduction mechanism and transmitted to the upper swing body that is a driven part. It consists of a reducer.

モータと減速機とは、互いの回転軸が一致する状態で装置軸方向に並んで設けられ、モータが上となる縦置き姿勢でアッパーフレームに取付けられる。   The motor and the speed reducer are provided side by side in the apparatus axis direction in a state where their rotation axes coincide with each other, and are attached to the upper frame in a vertically installed posture with the motor on top.

減速機は、回転軸のまわりにサンギヤと複数のプラネタリギヤとリングギヤとを備えた一〜複数段の遊星歯車式の減速部を設けて構成され、この減速機の出力が、減速機出力軸に設けられたピニオン、及び下部走行体のロワフレームに設けられた旋回ギヤを介して上部旋回体に伝えられる。   The reduction gear is configured by providing a one-to-multi-stage planetary gear type reduction gear unit including a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears, and a ring gear around a rotation shaft, and the output of the reduction gear is provided on the reduction gear output shaft. It is transmitted to the upper swing body through the pinion provided and the swing gear provided in the lower frame of the lower traveling body.

また、特許文献１に示されるように、減速機内にブレーキ機構(ネガティブ式のパーキングブレーキ)が設けられる場合がある。   Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a brake mechanism (negative parking brake) may be provided in the speed reducer.

このブレーキ機構は、ブレーキピストンと、ブレーキバネと、圧力室と、回転側及び固定側両ブレーキ板を備え、モータ(旋回)停止時にブレーキバネのバネ力でブレーキピストンを押して両ブレーキ板を圧接させることにより減速機の回転軸に制動力を付与し、旋回作動時に油圧ポンプからの作動油を圧力室に導入してブレーキピストンを反対方向に押すことによりブレーキ力を解除するように構成される。   This brake mechanism includes a brake piston, a brake spring, a pressure chamber, and both the rotation side and fixed side brake plates. When the motor (turning) stops, the brake piston is pressed by the spring force of the brake spring to press the brake plates together. Thus, a braking force is applied to the rotation shaft of the speed reducer, and the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump is introduced into the pressure chamber during the turning operation, and the brake force is released by pushing the brake piston in the opposite direction.

このブレーキ機構には、油圧ポンプポンプ及びタンクと圧力室とを結ぶブレーキ回路が接続され、このブレーキ回路に、旋回レバーの操作に連動して作動油の給排を制御するブレーキ切換弁が設けられる。   The brake mechanism is connected to a hydraulic pump pump and a brake circuit that connects the tank and the pressure chamber. The brake circuit is provided with a brake switching valve that controls supply and discharge of hydraulic oil in conjunction with the operation of the turning lever. .

一方、減速機の減速機ハウジング内には潤滑油が封入され、減速部の潤滑作用が行われる。   On the other hand, lubricating oil is enclosed in the reduction gear housing of the reduction gear, and the lubricating action of the reduction portion is performed.

ここで、運転中、減速機が発熱し、これによって潤滑油も高温化するため、潤滑油を含めた減速機を冷却する冷却システムが採用されている。   Here, during operation, the speed reducer generates heat, and the temperature of the lubricating oil also increases, so a cooling system that cools the speed reducer including the lubricating oil is employed.

なお、冷却システムは、低温下では減速機を暖める暖機システムとしても機能するため、実際上は冷却／暖機システムとなる。   The cooling system also functions as a warm-up system that warms the speed reducer at low temperatures, so that it is actually a cooling / warm-up system.

この冷却／暖機システムとして、特許文献１に示されているように減速機ケーシングに媒体通路を設け、水、油等の冷却／暖機媒体をこの媒体通路に流して潤滑油を含めた減速機全体を外周から冷却／暖機する技術が公知である。   As this cooling / warming-up system, as shown in Patent Document 1, a medium passage is provided in a reduction gear casing, and a cooling / warming-up medium such as water or oil is allowed to flow through this medium passage to reduce the speed including lubricating oil. Techniques for cooling / warming up the entire machine from the outer periphery are known.

また、特許文献２に示されているように、熱交換器を潤滑油中に浸して設け、この熱交換器に媒体を通す技術も公知である。   In addition, as shown in Patent Document 2, a technique in which a heat exchanger is immersed in lubricating oil and a medium is passed through the heat exchanger is also known.

特許第４５０４８９９号Japanese Patent No. 4504899 特開２０１２−１１２１２２号JP2012-112122A

公知技術によると、エンジン運転中、媒体が常時流れ、旋回駆動装置の冷却／暖機の必要のないとき(旋回停止時)も稼働し続けるため、エネルギーロスとなる。   According to the known technology, the medium always flows while the engine is running, and it continues to operate even when cooling / warming-up of the swing drive is not necessary (when the swing is stopped), resulting in energy loss.

また、媒体を循環させるための専用の油圧ポンプ、タンク及び配管を、一から追加しなければならないため、大幅なコストアップとなるとともに配管スペースを含めた余分なスペースが必要となる。   Further, since a dedicated hydraulic pump, tank and piping for circulating the medium have to be added from scratch, the cost is greatly increased and extra space including piping space is required.

なお、上記エネルギーロスを回避するためには、温度管理して、必要時、すなわち旋回作動時にのみ媒体を流すシステムとすればよいが、こうすると温度管理のためのコントローラと専用の切換弁を追加しなければならないため、さらなるコストアップと追加設備のためのスペース増加を招く。   In order to avoid the above energy loss, the temperature should be controlled so that the medium flows only when necessary, that is, during the turning operation. In this case, a controller for temperature management and a dedicated switching valve are added. As a result, the cost is further increased and the space for additional equipment is increased.

そこで本発明は、必要時にのみ冷却／暖機作用を働かせてエネルギーロスを防ぎ、しかも追加設備を最小限に少なくできるとともに温度管理のための設備が不要な建設機械の駆動装置を提供するものである。   Accordingly, the present invention provides a drive device for a construction machine that prevents energy loss by operating a cooling / warming-up action only when necessary, can minimize the number of additional equipment, and does not require equipment for temperature management. is there.

上記課題を解決する手段として、本発明においては、駆動源としての油圧または電動のモータと、このモータの回転力を被駆動部に減速して伝達する減速機と、上記減速機の回転軸に制動力を付与するブレーキ機構と、上記減速機内に設けられて当該減速機の冷却／暖機を行う熱交換器を備え、上記ブレーキ機構は、ブレーキピストンと、このブレーキピストンの押圧力により互いに圧接してブレーキ力を発揮する回転側及び固定側両ブレーキ板と、上記ブレーキピストンをブレーキ作動方向に押圧するブレーキバネと、モータ回転時に作動油が導入されて上記ブレーキピストンをブレーキ解除方向に押圧するブレーキ解除圧を発生させる圧力室を備え、かつ、上記ブレーキ機構の圧力室にブレーキ解除のための作動油を供給する作動油供給管路が設けられ、この作動油供給管路に、上記モータの回転／停止に応じて上記圧力室に対する作動油の供給／停止を切換えるブレーキ切換弁が設けられた建設機械の駆動装置において、上記圧力室に供給される作動油を上記ブレーキ切換弁よりも下流側で分流させて上記熱交換器経由でタンクに戻すことにより上記減速機の冷却／暖機を行う冷却／暖機回路を設け、この冷却／暖機回路に、上記圧力室を上記ブレーキ解除圧に保持する圧力保持弁を設けたものである。 As means for solving the above problems, in the present invention, a hydraulic or electric motor as a drive source, a speed reducer that transmits the rotational force of the motor to the driven part at a reduced speed, and a rotating shaft of the speed reducer comprising a brake mechanism for applying braking force, the heat exchanger provided within the reducer for cooling / warming-up of the reduction gear, the brake mechanism, together with the brake piston, the pressing force of the brake piston Both the rotating and fixed brake plates that exert pressure by pressure contact, the brake spring that presses the brake piston in the brake operation direction, and hydraulic oil is introduced when the motor rotates to press the brake piston in the brake release direction Hydraulic oil supply having a pressure chamber for generating a brake release pressure and supplying hydraulic oil for releasing the brake to the pressure chamber of the brake mechanism In the construction machine driving device, the hydraulic oil supply pipe is provided with a brake switching valve that switches supply / stop of hydraulic oil to the pressure chamber according to rotation / stop of the motor. A cooling / warming circuit for cooling / warming the speed reducer is provided by diverting the hydraulic oil supplied to the chamber downstream from the brake switching valve and returning it to the tank via the heat exchanger. A pressure holding valve for holding the pressure chamber at the brake release pressure is provided in the cooling / warming circuit.

この構成によると、旋回作動時にブレーキ機構の圧力室にブレーキ解除のための作動油が導入されるとともに、この作動油が冷却／暖機回路に分流し、減速機内に設けられた熱交換器を通ってタンクに戻るため、潤滑油を含めた減速機を冷却／暖機することができる。 According to this configuration, the hydraulic oil for releasing the brake is introduced into the pressure chamber of the brake mechanism during the turning operation, and the hydraulic oil is diverted to the cooling / warming circuit, and the heat exchanger provided in the speed reducer is installed. Since it passes through and returns to the tank, the speed reducer including the lubricating oil can be cooled / warmed up.

すなわち、ブレーキ機構とそのための油圧ポンプ及びタンク、切換弁を利用して冷却／暖機システムが構成される。   That is, a cooling / warming-up system is configured using a brake mechanism, a hydraulic pump and tank for the brake mechanism, and a switching valve.

この場合、作動油は旋回作動時のみに供給されて循環し、旋回停止時には供給も循環もしないため、いいかえれば冷却／暖機作用は、冷却／暖機の必要がある旋回作動時にのみ働き、それ以外の、旋回駆動装置の冷却／暖機が必要でない運転時(アイドリング時、走行時、旋回を伴わないアタッチメント作業時)には働かないため、エネルギーの無駄遣いを回避し、省エネルギーとなる。   In this case, the hydraulic oil is supplied and circulated only during the turning operation, and is not supplied or circulated when the turning is stopped. In other words, the cooling / warming-up action works only during the turning operation requiring cooling / warming, Other than that, it does not work during operation that does not require cooling / warming-up of the swivel drive device (during idling, traveling, and attachment work without swiveling), thus avoiding wasted energy and saving energy.

また、圧力保持弁によって圧力室の圧力をブレーキ解除圧に保持できるため、ブレーキ機構に本来必要なブレーキ性能を確保することができる。   Further, since the pressure in the pressure chamber can be held at the brake release pressure by the pressure holding valve, it is possible to ensure the brake performance originally required for the brake mechanism.

さらに、温度管理の必要がないため、温度管理のための設備も制御も不要となり、追加設備は圧力室とタンクとを結ぶ戻り管路と圧力保持弁のみでよいため、専用のポンプ及びタンクが不要となることを含めて追加設備を必要最小限に少なくし、コストアップ及び必要スペースの増加を抑えることができる。   Furthermore, since there is no need for temperature management, neither temperature management equipment nor control is required, and additional equipment is only a return line connecting the pressure chamber and the tank and a pressure holding valve. It is possible to reduce the number of additional facilities to the minimum necessary, including that they are no longer required, and to suppress an increase in cost and an increase in necessary space.

本発明において、上記圧力保持弁として、上記作動油の流量を絞ることによって上記ブレーキ解除圧を発生させる絞りを設けるのが望ましい(請求項２，３)。   In the present invention, it is desirable to provide a throttle that generates the brake release pressure by reducing the flow rate of the hydraulic oil as the pressure holding valve.

この構成によれば、圧力保持弁としての絞りにより、作動油の温度が低いときは油粘度が高くて通過流量(循環流量)が減少する。すなわち、潤滑油も減速機も低温で冷却の必要がなく、むしろ暖機するのが望ましい状況では冷却性能が自然に低下するため、速やかに暖機することができる。   According to this configuration, when the temperature of the hydraulic oil is low, the oil viscosity is high and the passing flow rate (circulation flow rate) is reduced due to the restriction as the pressure holding valve. That is, neither the lubricating oil nor the speed reducer needs to be cooled at a low temperature. Rather, in a situation where it is desirable to warm up, the cooling performance naturally decreases, so that it can be warmed up quickly.

この場合、上記絞りを、上記冷却／暖機回路のうち上記熱交換器の入口側に設けるのが望ましい(請求項３)。   In this case, it is desirable to provide the throttle on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the cooling / warming circuit (claim 3).

こうすれば、圧力室の圧力をブレーキ解除圧に保持しながら、熱交換器内は低圧に保つことができるため、熱交換器の耐圧仕様を必要以上に高くする必要がない。   In this way, the pressure inside the heat exchanger can be kept at a low pressure while maintaining the pressure in the pressure chamber at the brake release pressure, so that it is not necessary to increase the pressure resistance specification of the heat exchanger more than necessary.

本発明によると、必要時にのみ冷却／暖機作用を働かせてエネルギーロスを防ぎ、しかも追加設備を最小限に少なくできるとともに温度管理のための設備を不要とすることができる。   According to the present invention, the cooling / warming-up action can be performed only when necessary to prevent energy loss, and the additional equipment can be reduced to the minimum, and the equipment for temperature management can be made unnecessary.

本発明の実施形態にかかる前記駆動装置の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the said drive device concerning embodiment of this invention. 従来の旋回駆動装置の回路構成図である。It is a circuit block diagram of the conventional turning drive device.

実施形態はショベルの旋回駆動装置を適用対象としている。   The embodiment is applied to an excavator turning drive device.

図１に実施形態の、図２に従来のそれぞれ旋回駆動装置の回路構成を示す。   FIG. 1 shows an embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a circuit configuration of each conventional turning drive device.

まず、これらの共通部分を説明する。   First, these common parts will be described.

両装置は、旋回用の油圧モータ１を含む旋回モータ回路２と、油圧モータ１の回転力を減速して被駆動部である上部旋回体(図示しない)に伝達する減速機３とによって構成される。   Both devices are constituted by a turning motor circuit 2 including a turning hydraulic motor 1 and a speed reducer 3 that decelerates the rotational force of the hydraulic motor 1 and transmits it to an upper turning body (not shown) as a driven part. The

旋回モータ回路２は、旋回用の油圧ポンプ(以下、旋回ポンプという)４と、この旋回ポンプ４とモータ１とを結ぶ両側管路５，６と、図示しないリモコン弁により操作されてモータ１に対する油の給排を制御するコントロールバルブ７と、ブレーキ弁としての一対のリリーフ弁８，９と、キャビテーション防止用の一対のチェック弁１０，１１とから成っている。１２は戻り管路、１３は戻り管路１２に設けられたオイルクーラである。   The turning motor circuit 2 is operated by a turning hydraulic pump (hereinafter referred to as a turning pump) 4, both side pipes 5 and 6 connecting the turning pump 4 and the motor 1, and a remote control valve (not shown) to the motor 1. The control valve 7 controls oil supply / discharge, a pair of relief valves 8 and 9 as brake valves, and a pair of check valves 10 and 11 for preventing cavitation. Reference numeral 12 denotes a return pipe, and 13 denotes an oil cooler provided in the return pipe 12.

減速機３は、一〜複数段の遊星歯車式減速部(図では一段のみを示す)１４を備え、内部に潤滑油が封入されている。   The speed reducer 3 includes one to a plurality of stages of planetary gear type speed reducers (only one stage is shown in the figure) 14 and contains lubricating oil therein.

減速部１４は、サン、プラネタリ、リングの各ギヤＳ，Ｐ，Ｒから成り、周知のようにプラネタリギヤＰが自転しながら公転運動を行うことによってモータ回転を減速し、その出力が、減速機出力軸１５、ピニオン１６及びこれと噛み合う旋回歯車(図示しない)を介して被駆動部であるアッパーフレーム(上部旋回体)に伝達される。   The speed reduction unit 14 includes sun, planetary, and ring gears S, P, and R. As is well known, the planetary gear P performs a revolving motion while rotating, and the output of the speed reduction unit 14 is reduced. The shaft 15, the pinion 16, and a revolving gear (not shown) meshing with the shaft 15 are transmitted to an upper frame (upper revolving body) as a driven portion.

この減速機３内に、上部旋回体を停止保持するためのネガティブ式のブレーキ機構１７が設けられている。   A negative brake mechanism 17 for stopping and holding the upper swing body is provided in the speed reducer 3.

このブレーキ機構１７は、ブレーキバネ１８と、このブレーキバネ１８によって下向きに押圧されるブレーキピストン１９と、旋回作動時に作動油が導入される圧力室２０と、ブレーキピストン１９の下方において上下に重なり合って配置された回転軸側及び固定側両ブレーキ板２１，２２から成り、旋回作動時に、圧力室２０に作動油が導入されてブレーキ解除圧が立つ。これによりブレーキピストン１９が上昇してブレーキ解除される。   The brake mechanism 17 includes a brake spring 18, a brake piston 19 that is pressed downward by the brake spring 18, a pressure chamber 20 into which hydraulic oil is introduced during a turning operation, and a vertical position below the brake piston 19. It consists of both the rotating shaft side and fixed side brake plates 21 and 22 arranged, and hydraulic oil is introduced into the pressure chamber 20 during the turning operation, and a brake release pressure is established. As a result, the brake piston 19 rises and the brake is released.

一方、旋回停止時に、ブレーキ解除圧がタンクＴに抜けるとともに、ブレーキバネ１８のバネ力によるブレーキピストン１９の押し付け力により両側ブレーキ板２１，２２同士が圧接してブレーキ力を発揮し、このブレーキ力により上部旋回体を停止保持する。   On the other hand, when the turning is stopped, the brake release pressure is released to the tank T, and the brake plates 19 and 22 are pressed against each other by the pressing force of the brake piston 19 by the spring force of the brake spring 18 to exert the braking force. Thus, the upper swing body is stopped and held.

また、旋回作動時に圧力室２０に作動油を導入するための油圧ブレーキ回路が設けられている。   Further, a hydraulic brake circuit is provided for introducing hydraulic oil into the pressure chamber 20 during the turning operation.

この油圧ブレーキ回路は、旋回ポンプ４ととともにエンジン２３によって駆動されるブレーキ解除用の油圧ポンプ２４と、この油圧ポンプ２４及びタンクＴと圧力室２０とを結ぶ作動油供給管路２５と、この作動油供給管路２５に設けられたブレーキ切換弁２６によって構成される。   This hydraulic brake circuit includes a hydraulic pump 24 for releasing a brake driven by the engine 23 together with the swing pump 4, a hydraulic oil supply line 25 connecting the hydraulic pump 24 and the tank T and the pressure chamber 20, and this operation. It is constituted by a brake switching valve 26 provided in the oil supply pipe 25.

ブレーキ切換弁２６は、旋回操作レバーの操作／非操作に基づくコントローラ(図示しない)からの信号によって作動油供給位置イとタンク位置ロの間まで切換わる電磁切換弁として構成され、旋回作動時には作動油供給位置イに、旋回停止時にはタンク位置ロにそれぞれセットされる。   The brake switching valve 26 is configured as an electromagnetic switching valve that switches between a hydraulic oil supply position A and a tank position B in response to a signal from a controller (not shown) based on the operation / non-operation of the swing operation lever, and operates when the swing operation is performed. It is set at the oil supply position (a) and at the tank position (b) when turning is stopped.

上記作動油供給位置イでは、油圧ポンプ２４から吐出された作動油が圧力室２０に供給され、ブレーキ解除圧が立つことによりブレーキピストン１９が上昇してブレーキ解除され、タンク位置ロでは圧力室２０の作動油がタンクＴに抜けてブレーキピストン１９がバネ力で下降し、ブレーキ作動状態となる。   At the hydraulic oil supply position a, the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 24 is supplied to the pressure chamber 20, and when the brake release pressure is raised, the brake piston 19 rises and the brake is released. At the tank position B, the pressure chamber 20 The hydraulic oil is discharged into the tank T, the brake piston 19 is lowered by the spring force, and the brake is activated.

さらに、減速機３内に、潤滑油を含めた減速機３を冷却／暖機するための熱交換器２７が設けられている。   Further, a heat exchanger 27 for cooling / warming up the reduction gear 3 including the lubricating oil is provided in the reduction gear 3.

この熱交換器２７は、独立した扁平な箱体や螺旋管等として減速機３のケーシング内に組み込んでもよいし、減速機ケーシングの周壁一部に媒体通路を設けて構成してもよい。   The heat exchanger 27 may be incorporated in the casing of the speed reducer 3 as an independent flat box or spiral tube, or may be configured by providing a medium passage in a part of the peripheral wall of the speed reducer casing.

ここで、図２に示す従来装置(たとえば特許文献１，２記載の公知技術)においては、水、油等の媒体を専用のポンプによって熱交換器２７を通る経路で循環させる冷却／暖機回路を独立して構成し、エンジン運転中、常に媒体を熱交換器２７に流す構成がとられている。   Here, in the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 2 (for example, known techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2), a cooling / warming circuit that circulates a medium such as water or oil in a path passing through the heat exchanger 27 by a dedicated pump. Are configured independently, and the medium is always passed through the heat exchanger 27 during engine operation.

このため、前記のように、旋回駆動装置の冷却／暖機の必要のないとき(旋回停止時)も稼働し続けるため、エネルギーロスとなる等の問題が生じていた。   For this reason, as described above, since there is no need for cooling / warming-up of the turning drive device (when turning is stopped), it continues to operate, causing problems such as energy loss.

これに対し、図１に示す実施形態装置においては、旋回作動時にブレーキ機構１７の圧力室２０に供給される作動油を分流させ、熱交換器２７経由でタンクに戻す冷却／暖機回路２８を設けている。   On the other hand, in the embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a cooling / warming circuit 28 that diverts the hydraulic oil supplied to the pressure chamber 20 of the brake mechanism 17 during the turning operation and returns the hydraulic oil to the tank via the heat exchanger 27 is provided. Provided.

すなわち、油圧ブレーキ回路を構成する作動油供給管路２５におけるブレーキ切換弁２６よりも下流側に冷却／暖機用の作動油導入管路２９を分岐接続し、この作動油導入管路２９を熱交換器２７の入口に接続するとともに、熱交換器２７の出口をタンク管路３０によってモータ回路２の戻り管路１２(タンクＴ)に接続している。   That is, a cooling / warming-up hydraulic oil introduction pipe 29 is branched and connected downstream of the brake switching valve 26 in the hydraulic oil supply pipe 25 constituting the hydraulic brake circuit, and the hydraulic oil introduction pipe 29 is heated. In addition to being connected to the inlet of the exchanger 27, the outlet of the heat exchanger 27 is connected to the return line 12 (tank T) of the motor circuit 2 by a tank line 30.

また、作動油導入管路２９(冷却／暖機回路２８における熱交換器２７の入口側)に圧力保持弁としての絞り(絞り弁と同義)３１を設け、作動油の流量をこの絞り３１で絞ることによって圧力室２０をブレーキ解除圧に保持するように構成している。   In addition, a throttle (synonymous with a throttle valve) 31 as a pressure holding valve is provided in the hydraulic oil introduction conduit 29 (on the inlet side of the heat exchanger 27 in the cooling / warming circuit 28), and the flow rate of the hydraulic oil is reduced by this throttle 31. The pressure chamber 20 is configured to be held at the brake release pressure by being throttled.

この構成によると、旋回作動時にブレーキ機構１７の圧力室２０にブレーキ解除のための作動油が導入されるとともに、この作動油が冷却／暖機回路２８に分流し、熱交換器２７を通ってタンクＴに戻ることにより、潤滑油を含めた減速機３を冷却または暖機する。   According to this configuration, the hydraulic oil for releasing the brake is introduced into the pressure chamber 20 of the brake mechanism 17 during the turning operation, and the hydraulic oil is diverted to the cooling / warming circuit 28 and passes through the heat exchanger 27. By returning to the tank T, the speed reducer 3 including the lubricating oil is cooled or warmed up.

すなわち、旋回作動時(とくに高負荷での旋回作動時)のように潤滑油及び減速機３の温度が作動油温度よりも高い状況では冷却機能が働き、低温下での始動直後や非旋回作業時のように潤滑油や減速機３の温度が作動油温度よりも低い状況では暖機機能が働く。   That is, when the temperature of the lubricating oil and the speed reducer 3 is higher than the temperature of the hydraulic oil, such as during a turning operation (particularly during a turning operation with a high load), the cooling function works, so The warm-up function works in situations where the temperature of the lubricating oil or the speed reducer 3 is lower than the hydraulic oil temperature as in the case of time.

こうして、ブレーキ機構１７とそのための油圧ポンプ２４及びタンクＴ、ブレーキ切換弁２６を利用した冷却／暖機システムが構成される。   Thus, a cooling / warming-up system using the brake mechanism 17, the hydraulic pump 24, the tank T, and the brake switching valve 26 for that purpose is configured.

この場合、作動油は、ブレーキ切換弁２６の切換わり作動により旋回作動時のみに供給されて循環し、旋回停止時には供給も循環もしないため、いいかえれば冷却／暖機作用は、冷却／暖機の必要がある旋回作動時にのみ働き、それ以外の、旋回駆動装置の冷却／暖機が必要でない運転時(アイドリング時、走行時、旋回を伴わないアタッチメント作業時)には働かないため、エネルギーの無駄遣いを回避し、省エネルギーとなる。   In this case, the hydraulic oil is supplied and circulated only during the turning operation by the switching operation of the brake switching valve 26, and is not supplied or circulated when the turning is stopped. In other words, the cooling / warming-up action is It works only during turning operations that require cooling, and does not work during other operations that do not require cooling / warming-up of the turning drive (when idling, running, or attachment work without turning). Avoid wasting money and save energy.

また、絞り３１によって圧力室２０の圧力をブレーキ解除圧に保持できるため、ブレーキ機構１７に本来必要なブレーキ性能を確保することができる。   Further, since the pressure in the pressure chamber 20 can be maintained at the brake release pressure by the throttle 31, the brake performance originally required for the brake mechanism 17 can be ensured.

さらに、温度管理の必要がないため、温度管理のための設備も制御も不要となり、追加設備は分岐させた作動油導入管路２９とタンク管路３０と絞り３１のみでよいため、専用のポンプ及びタンクが不要となることを含めて追加設備を必要最小限に少なくし、コストアップ及び必要スペースの増加を抑えることができる。   Furthermore, since there is no need for temperature management, neither equipment for temperature management nor control is required, and additional equipment is only a branched hydraulic oil introduction line 29, tank line 30, and throttle 31, so that a dedicated pump In addition, additional equipment including the need for a tank can be reduced to the minimum necessary, and an increase in cost and an increase in necessary space can be suppressed.

この場合、圧力保持弁として絞り３１を用いているため、作動油の温度が低い(粘度が高い)ときは通過流量(循環流量)が減少する。すなわち、潤滑油も減速機３も低温で冷却の必要がなく、むしろ暖機するのが望ましい状況では冷却性能が自然に低下するため、速やかに暖機することができる。   In this case, since the throttle 31 is used as a pressure holding valve, when the temperature of the hydraulic oil is low (viscosity is high), the passage flow rate (circulation flow rate) decreases. That is, neither the lubricating oil nor the speed reducer 3 needs to be cooled at a low temperature. Rather, in a situation where it is desirable to warm up, the cooling performance naturally decreases, so that it can be warmed up quickly.

しかも、絞り３１を、冷却／暖機回路２８のうち熱交換器２７の入口側に設けているため、圧力室２０の圧力をブレーキ解除圧に保持しながら、熱交換器２７内は低圧に保つことができるため、熱交換器２７の耐圧仕様を必要以上に高くする必要がない。   In addition, since the throttle 31 is provided on the inlet side of the heat exchanger 27 in the cooling / warming-up circuit 28, the inside of the heat exchanger 27 is kept at a low pressure while maintaining the pressure in the pressure chamber 20 at the brake release pressure. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the pressure resistance specification of the heat exchanger 27 higher than necessary.

他の実施形態
(１) 圧力保持弁は、基本的には圧力室２０にブレーキ解除圧を確保できる弁であればよく、上記実施形態で挙げた絞り３１に限らず、リリーフ弁(安全弁)等の他の圧力制御弁を用いてもよい。 Other embodiments
(1) The pressure holding valve may basically be a valve that can secure the brake release pressure in the pressure chamber 20, and is not limited to the throttle 31 mentioned in the above embodiment, but other pressure such as a relief valve (safety valve). A control valve may be used.

(２) 本発明は、ショベルの旋回駆動装置に限らず、他の旋回式建設機械の旋回駆動装置、及び旋回駆動装置以外のブレーキ機構付きの駆動装置で冷却／暖機機能を要するものに広く適用することができる。   (2) The present invention is not limited to the shovel drive device for excavators, and is widely applied to other swing-type construction machine swivel drive devices and drive devices with a brake mechanism other than the swivel drive device that require a cooling / warming function. Can be applied.

１ 旋回用の油圧モータ
３ 減速機
４ 旋回用の油圧ポンプ
１７ ブレーキ機構
１８ ブレーキバネ
１９ ブレーキピストン
２０ 圧力室
２１，２２ ブレーキ板
２４ ブレーキ解除用の油圧ポンプ
２５ 作動油供給管路
２６ ブレーキ切換弁
２７ 熱交換器
２８ 冷却／暖機回路
２９ 作動油導入管路
３０ タンク管路
３１ 圧力保持弁としての絞り
Ｔ タンク DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic motor for rotation 3 Reduction gear 4 Hydraulic pump for rotation 17 Brake mechanism 18 Brake spring 19 Brake piston 20 Pressure chamber 21, 22 Brake plate 24 Hydraulic pump for brake release 25 Hydraulic oil supply line 26 Brake switching valve 27 Heat exchanger 28 Cooling / warming circuit 29 Hydraulic oil introduction line 30 Tank line 31 Throttle as pressure holding valve T Tank

Claims (3)

駆動源としての油圧または電動のモータと、このモータの回転力を被駆動部に減速して伝達する減速機と、上記減速機の回転軸に制動力を付与するブレーキ機構と、上記減速機内に設けられて当該減速機の冷却／暖機を行う熱交換器を備え、上記ブレーキ機構は、ブレーキピストンと、このブレーキピストンの押圧力により互いに圧接してブレーキ力を発揮する回転側及び固定側両ブレーキ板と、上記ブレーキピストンをブレーキ作動方向に押圧するブレーキバネと、モータ回転時に作動油が導入されて上記ブレーキピストンをブレーキ解除方向に押圧するブレーキ解除圧を発生させる圧力室を備え、かつ、上記ブレーキ機構の圧力室にブレーキ解除のための作動油を供給する作動油供給管路が設けられ、この作動油供給管路に、上記モータの回転／停止に応じて上記圧力室に対する作動油の供給／停止を切換えるブレーキ切換弁が設けられた建設機械の駆動装置において、上記圧力室に供給される作動油を上記ブレーキ切換弁よりも下流側で分流させて上記熱交換器経由でタンクに戻すことにより上記減速機の冷却／暖機を行う冷却／暖機回路を設け、この冷却／暖機回路に、上記圧力室を上記ブレーキ解除圧に保持する圧力保持弁を設けたことを特徴とする建設機械の駆動装置。 A hydraulic or electric motor as a driving source, a reduction gear that transmits by reducing the rotational force of the motor to the driven parts, and the brake mechanism for applying a braking force to the rotation shaft of the reduction gear, in the speed reducer Provided with a heat exchanger that cools / warms the speed reducer , and the brake mechanism includes a brake piston and a rotating side and a fixed side that press against each other by a pressing force of the brake piston to exert a braking force. Both brake plates, a brake spring that presses the brake piston in the brake operating direction, a pressure chamber that generates a brake release pressure that introduces hydraulic oil when the motor rotates and presses the brake piston in the brake release direction, and , A hydraulic oil supply line for supplying hydraulic oil for releasing the brake to the pressure chamber of the brake mechanism is provided, and the motor is connected to the hydraulic oil supply line. In a construction machine drive device provided with a brake switching valve that switches supply / stop of hydraulic oil to / from the pressure chamber according to rotation / stop, hydraulic fluid supplied to the pressure chamber is downstream of the brake switching valve. Is provided with a cooling / warming circuit that cools / warms the speed reducer by returning to the tank via the heat exchanger, and the pressure chamber is set to the brake release pressure in the cooling / warming circuit. A construction machine drive device comprising a pressure holding valve for holding. 上記圧力保持弁として、作動油の流量を絞ることによって上記ブレーキ解除圧を発生させる絞りを設けたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の建設機械の駆動装置。   2. The drive device for a construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure holding valve is provided with a throttle that generates the brake release pressure by reducing the flow rate of hydraulic oil. 上記絞りを、上記冷却／暖機回路のうち上記熱交換器の入口側に設けたことを特徴とする請求項２記載の建設機械の駆動装置。
The drive device for a construction machine according to claim 2, wherein the throttle is provided on an inlet side of the heat exchanger in the cooling / warming-up circuit.
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