JP6109464B2 - 生体サンプル中の希有な事象の分析のための高感度マルチパラメータ法 - Google Patents
生体サンプル中の希有な事象の分析のための高感度マルチパラメータ法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2005年9月20日に出願された米国暫定出願第60/718,676号、2005年10月24日に出願された米国暫定出願第60/729,536号、および、2006年3月に出願された米国暫定出願第60/786,117号に基づく優先権を主張する、2008年3月20日に出願された米国出願第12/067,532号の一部継続出願である。前記の出願のそれぞれは、本明細書において参照によりその全体が組み入れられる。
〔発明分野〕
本発明は、腫瘍学および診断試験の分野に関するものである。本発明は、癌または心血管障害等の疾病における、スクリーニング、病期分類、処置応答、再発等に有用である。より具体的には、本発明は、生体サンプルから分離された循環希有細胞(circulating rare cells)の分析と列挙とを容易にする方法を提供するものである。
生体サンプルから得られる、腫瘍細胞のみならず希有細胞またはその他の生物学的存在物を特徴付ける方法は、以前に示されている(US6,365,362)。この二段階法では、分析の前にかなりの量の破片およびその他の妨害物質を除外しつつ、標的細胞を確実に獲得して、画像処理技術による細胞の検査を可能とするために、効率的な濃縮が必要である。この方法は、マルチパラメータ・フローサイトメトリ、顕微鏡法および、免疫細胞化学的分析と、免疫磁気濃縮の要素を、独特の自動化方法で組み合わせたものである。この組合せ方法は、血液サンプル中の上皮細胞を濃縮して、列挙するのに用いられる。このように、この組合せ方法は、癌を測定するツールを提供するものである。
本明細書に記述される本発明は、最終結果を成し遂げるために協働する5つの部分からなる方法から成る。本発明は、基本的に、(1)カートリッジをスキャンして、関心の対象である標的細胞として識別し、カートリッジ内でのそれらの場所を識別すること;(2)カートリッジから流体を吸引し、細胞をカバースリップ上のそれらの位置で乾燥させるか、またはそれらの位置に積極的に固定すること;(3)蛍光信号を光退色させ、標的細胞を識別するために最初に用いられていた蛍光を取り除くこと;(4)カートリッジ内の細胞を、一以上の蛍光抗体複合物または色素で再染色し、関心の対象である標的上または標的内で、関心の対象であるマーカー、レセプター、タンパク質等を標識化すること;(5)カートリッジを再スキャンし、以前識別した関心の対象である標的に戻り、それらの細胞が、所望のマーカーまたはタンパク質について陽性か陰性かを決定すること;からなる。
血液から捕捉された循環腫瘍細胞(CTC)は、これまで、CellTracks(登録商標) Autoprep(登録商標) SystemおよびCellTracks(登録商標) Analyzer II System(Immunicon Corporation、ペンシルベニア州ハンティンドン・バレー)を用いて、検出および分析がなされてきた。この手順では、上皮性起源の細胞を識別し、これらを汚染白血球から区別するのに蛍光バイオマーカーと色素との組合せが用いられる。CellTracks(登録商標)分析プラットホームは、これらの蛍光マーカーを検出するのに、4つのチャンネルまたは4色に限定される。紫外線チャンネルは、核ステインである4’−6’ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)を検出することによって、有核の事象または細胞事象を識別する。アロフィコシアニン(APC)チャンネルは、白血球を識別するのに用いられるCD45−APCを検出するのに用いられる。そして、2つのマーカーチャンネル{フィコエリトリン(PE)およびフルオレセイン・イソチオシアネート(FITC)}は、PEまたはFITCのいずれかに結合したバイオマーカーを検出することに用いられる。標準のCellSearch(登録商標)キット(Veridex LLC、ニュージャージー州ラリタン(Raritan))を用いて、PEは、上皮細胞を識別するのに用いられるサイトケラチンに結合し、FITCチャンネルは、関心の対象である追加的なマーカーに利用可能である。Epithelial Cell Kit(Immunicon Corporation、ペンシルベニア州ハンティンドン・バレー)は、同一の色の組合せを用い、サイトケラチンだけがFITCに結合し、PEチャンネルを解放している。より強い信号伝達するPEチャンネルにより、PEに結合したより薄暗いバイオマーカーの検出が可能になる。
なお、本発明の好ましい実施態様は以下の通りである。
(1) 希有な事象の分析において感度を増大させる方法において、
a.蛍光標識化によってサンプルを準備することと、
b.標的事象を識別するために前記サンプルをスキャンすることと、
c.サンプルから流体を吸引して、前記標的事象を同一場所に残すことと、
d.前記標的事象を光退色させることと、
e.前記標的事象を、蛍光標識された第二のマーカーで再染色することと、
f.前記標的事象を再スキャンすることと、
g.蛍光標識された追加の各マーカーについて、ステップc〜fを繰り返すことと、
を含む、方法。
(2) 実施態様1に記載の方法において、
前記第二の標識されたマーカーが、蛍光抗体複合物、色素、またはそれらの組合せである、方法。
(3) 実施態様1に記載の方法において、
前記スキャンおよび前記再スキャンが、CellTracks(登録商標) Autoprep(登録商標) SystemおよびCellTracks(登録商標) Analyzer II Systemで達成される、方法。
(4) 実施態様1に記載の方法において、
前記標的事象が、循環上皮細胞、循環腫瘍細胞、循環内皮細胞、白血球、リンパ球サブセット、関心の対象である細胞小器官もしくはレセプターを含有する細胞、細胞破片、破砕細胞およびその破片、またはそれらの組合せからなる群からのものである、方法。
(5) 実施態様1に記載の方法において、
前記標的事象が、循環腫瘍細胞である、方法。
(6) 実施態様1に記載の方法において、
追加的なステップが、前記標的事象のマルチパラメトリック遺伝子型プロファイリングである、方法。
(7) 実施態様6に記載の方法において、
前記遺伝子型プロファイリングが、FISHである、方法。
(8) 混合細胞集団中の標的細胞と疑われるものの検出および列挙を確認する方法において、
a.標的細胞を含むものと疑われる混合細胞集団を含む生物学的試料を被験者から得ることと、
b.免疫磁気濃縮によって前記標的細胞と疑われるものの亜集団を分離することと、
c.マルチパラメトリック表現型プロファイルによって、標的細胞と疑われるものを識別することと、
d.マルチパラメトリック遺伝子型プロファイルのために、標的細胞と疑われるものを準備することと、
e.前記表現型プロファイルによって、標的細胞と疑われるものを確認することであって、前記個々の標的細胞と疑われるものは、前記標的細胞の表現型プロファイルおよび遺伝型プロファイルの両方を含む、確認することと、
を含む、方法。
(9) 実施態様8に記載の方法において、
前記表現型プロファイルが、
a.疑わしい標的細胞を蛍光標識化することと、
b.前記疑わしい標的細胞をスキャンすることと、
c.サンプルから流体を吸引することと、
d.前記サンプルを光退色させることと、
e.前記疑わしい標的細胞を再スキャンすることと、
を含む、方法。
(10) 実施態様8に記載の方法において、
前記標的細胞が、内皮細胞、上皮細胞、胎児細胞、細菌細胞、心筋細胞、ウイルス感染細胞、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選ばれる、方法。
Claims (1)
- 混合細胞集団中の循環腫瘍細胞の検出および列挙を確認する方法において、
a.循環腫瘍細胞を含む混合細胞集団を含む生物学的試料から免疫磁気濃縮によって前記循環腫瘍細胞を分離することと、
b.次のステップをその順序で含むステップを通じて得られるマルチパラメトリックプロファイルの分析によって、前記循環腫瘍細胞を識別することと、
i.フルオロフォアを有する第一の蛍光標識で前記循環腫瘍細胞を蛍光標識化するステップ、
ii.前記循環腫瘍細胞をスキャンするステップ、
iii.前記循環腫瘍細胞から流体を吸引して、前記循環腫瘍細胞を固定するステップ、
iv.前記循環腫瘍細胞を光退色させるステップ、
v.前記循環腫瘍細胞を、前記第一の蛍光標識とは異なる、前記第一の蛍光標識と同じフルオロフォアを有する第二の蛍光標識で再度蛍光標識化するステップ、
vi.前記循環腫瘍細胞を再スキャンするステップ、
c.前記循環腫瘍細胞が前記両蛍光標識に関連するものである、前記循環腫瘍細胞を確認するステップと、
を含み、
前記第一の蛍光標識は抗サイトケラチン抗体に結合したフィコエリトリンであり、前記第二の蛍光標識は抗IGF−1R抗体に結合したフィコエリトリンまたは抗p−ATK抗体に結合したフィコエリトリンである、方法。
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