JP6108498B2 - 分子分析物の特性の最適な測定のための波長を選択する方法および装置 - Google Patents
分子分析物の特性の最適な測定のための波長を選択する方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
(i)所与の発色団で、時間とともに変化しない(このような発色団の)吸収スペクトル部分は、上記時間微分によりゼロにセットされる;
(ii)光が移動する有効距離は、全発色団で実質的に同じでΔ〈δ〉と等しい、あるいは動脈拍動により引き起こされる距離の変化であり;
(iii)二つの発色団だけを考える(これは本例のみに特有の任意仮定である)。
方程式の動脈拍動波に起因する経路長の変化のキャンセルは、例えば、二つの異なる波長と対応する方程式(39)の比率を定めることで達成される。
一実施形態では、シミュレーティドアニーリングに関する技術は、波長の最適選択の決定に用いられる。シミュレーティドアニーリング(SA)は、広大な検索空間において所定の関数の大域的最適解に対してよい近似値を与えるための汎用メタヒューリスティクス手法である。波長選択タスクでは、シミュレーティドアニーリングは、包括的列挙よりさらに従順である。この方法の名前は冶金のアニーリングからきており、物質の加熱および制御された冷却を含む技術は、その結晶サイズを大きくするために、および、その短所を減らすために、ともに、熱力学の自由エネルギーに依存する物質に起因する。物質の加熱と冷却は、温度と熱力学自由エネルギーにともに影響する。図5のフローダイアグラムに示すように、解空間において、温度は、解空間の連続的探索中に「解の並べ替え」510で選択される可能性のある変更範囲と、「選択評価」P(EOLD,ENEW,Temp)515において「改悪」解(worse solutions)が選択される可能性Pとに対し、ともにアナログである。冶金の熱力学自由エネルギーのアナログは、波長選択の評価に用いる性能指数EWAVESETである。アルゴリズムが解空間を探索すると、改悪解を受け入れる可能性が徐々に低下するように、シミュレーティド・アニーリング・アルゴリズムで冷却が実行される。改悪解を受け入れることは、大域的最適解より悪い局所的最適解のトラップを避けるために、ヒューリスティクスの基本的性質である。
Claims (25)
- サンプルと協働し、電磁波(EMW)を生じることができ、サンプルの物質成分の特性を測定するように構成された、分光測定装置の動作スペクトル形態を決定する方法であって、
(a)ユーザ入力装置で、単一の光検出部を有する前記分光測定装置で測定される前記サンプルの1より大きいM個の物質成分のスペクトル依存特性を示す光学データを、受信する工程と、
(b)(i)前記サンプルにおける前記M個の物質成分の各々対応する濃度、および、(ii)前記サンプルを通り前記M個の物質成分にそれぞれ対応するEMWのスペクトル依存する経路、の関数として、前記光学データを示す第一連立方程式を作成する工程と、
(c)前記第一連立方程式と、前記装置の動作有用性を示す少なくとも一つのパラメータを用いさらなる方程式と、を含む第二連立方程式、を作成する工程と、および、
(d)スペクトル依存の性能指数が局所的に最適化される装置のN個の動作波長を算出するために、プログラムされたプロセッサで前記第二連立方程式を解く工程と、を含み、
前記第二連立方程式を解くために、前記物質成分の数Mよりも少ない算出された動作波長の数Nが、必要とされる
ことを特徴とする分光測定装置の動作スペクトル形態を決定する方法。 - 前記(a)の工程が、前記M個の物質成分のそれぞれに対して、減衰係数、散乱係数、異方性の係数、蛍光パラメータ、屈折率、および、衝突するEMWに対する前記M個の物質成分の量子応答を示すパラメータのうちの1つ以上を示す光学データを受信する工程を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記減衰係数が、モル減衰係数を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記M個の物質成分が、分子分析物、細胞、タンパク質、ヘモグロビン、ブドウ糖、脂質、発色団、過分極ガス、二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素、酸素、および、水を二つ以上含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(a)の工程が、前記サンプルの前記M個の物質成分のそれぞれのスペクトル依存する吸収特性を示す光学データを受信することを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(a)の工程が、サンプルの前記M個の物質成分のそれぞれ選択した特性のスペクトル依存性を示す光学データを受信することを含み、
前記サンプルが、血液を含み、
少なくとも前記M個の物質成分が、血液分析物を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(a)の工程が、前記単一の光検出部で、定義されたシーケンスで送信される前記EMWのパルスを取得する工程、および、
取得したパルスのシーケンスを送信されたパルスのシーケンスと関連付ける工程と、を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(c)の工程が、行列方程式を作成することを含み、
前記行列方程式が、(i)動作波長において、前記N個の動作波長から動作する前記装置の製造コスト、(ii)前記EMWの経路を決めることと関係するエラー、および、(iii)前記動作波長における前記装置の動作ノイズと関係する性能指数、を一つ以上示す行列係数を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(c)の工程が、前記装置の動作ノイズと関係する性能指数を示す行列係数を含む行列方程式を作成することを含み、
前記動作ノイズが、EMWの波長が変化する際に前記M個の物質成分の吸収変化の関数として計算される
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記(d)の工程が、性能指数の最適化を含み、
前記性能指数が、分散の伝播、前記装置の製造コストを示すパラメータ、前記装置サイズを示すパラメータ、および、前記装置の消費電力を示すパラメータ、を少なくとも一つを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(d)の工程が、第一および第二の動作波長を決めるために前記第二方程式を解くことを含み、
前記第一および第二の動作波長の一方は、前記M個の物質成分と対応する等吸収点波長より短く、他方は、前記等吸収点波長より長い
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(d)の工程が、反復アルゴリズムを用いることを含み、
前記反復アルゴリズムが、シミュレーティド・アニーリング・アルゴリズム、勾配降下法アルゴリズム、および、線形計画法アルゴリズムの少なくとも一つを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記(b)の工程が、前記サンプルにおいて前記物質成分を示す各々対応する濃度パラメータの関数として、前記スペクトル依存特性を示す第一連立方程式を決めることを含み、
前記濃度パラメータが、サンプルにおける細胞カウント、タンパク質カウント、ヘモグロビンレベル、ブドウ糖レベル、脂質レベル、発色団の割合、ガス濃度、二酸化炭素濃度、酸素濃度、水の割合、およびpHレベル、の少なくとも二つを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記スペクトル依存性能指数が、前記装置を用いた運用コストを示す
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記スペクトル依存性能指数が、前記M個の物質成分の完全な識別で分散の伝播を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。 - 分光測定装置の動作スペクトル波長を決定する装置であって:
前記装置は、
単一の光学検出部を有する前記分光測定装置で測定されるサンプルの1より大きいM個の物質成分のスペクトル依存特性を示す光学データを含む、有形の記録媒体;
前記有形の記録媒体と連動するマイクロプロセッサであって、前記サンプルの前記M個の物質成分の識別と関係した入力を受信するように構成されている、マイクロプロセッサ;および、
コンピュータ命令を格納する有形の固定コンピュータ可読媒体、を備え、
前記マイクロプロセッサが前記命令を実行するとき、前記マイクロプロセッサが前記有形の記録媒体から前記光学データを受信し、
(i)前記サンプル中の前記M個の物質成分の各々対応する濃度、および、(ii)サンプルを通り前記M個の物質成分に各々対応する電磁波(EMW)のスペクトル依存する経路、の少なくとも関数として前記光学データを示す第一連立方程式を作成し、
前記第一連立方程式、および、前記装置の動作有用性を示す少なくとも一つのパラメータを使用する追加の方程式、を含む第二連立方程式を作成し、そして、
スペクトル依存性能指数が、前記動作波形で局所的に最適化されるように前記装置のN個の動作波長を算出するために、プログラム可能なプロセッサで、前記第二連立方程式を解き、
前記第二連立方程式を解くために、前記M個の物質成分より少ない算出されたN個の動作波長が必要とされる
ことを特徴とする分光測定装置の動作スペクトル波長を決定する装置。 - 前記装置は、前記マイクロプロセッサと共に動作する表示装置をさらに含み、
前記表示装置は、前記スペクトル依存特性、および、前記決定された動作波長を示すパラメータを、視覚的に知覚可能な表示ができるように構成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の装置。 - 前記サンプルの前記M個の物質成分が、前記サンプルの交絡物質成分を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の装置。 - 前記分光測定装置が、前記決定された動作波長の少なくとも一波長で動作可能な少なくとも一つのEMW源を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の装置。 - 前記分光測定装置が、オキシメータを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の装置。 - 前記スペクトル依存性能指数が、分光測定装置を用いた運用コスト示す
ことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の装置。 - サンプル特性を計測する分光測定システムであって、
前記分光測定システムが、
予め算出された動作波長のセットの中から少なくとも一つの動作波長でEMRを発生可能な少なくとも一つの電磁放射(EMR)供給源;
前記少なくとも一つの供給源と連動するEMRの単一の光学検出部;
前記供給源と前記単一の光学検出部を前記サンプルの近傍に配置するようになされた支持構造;
前記供給源および前記単一の光学検出部と共に動作し、前記供給源から前記サンプルを通り前記単一の光学検出部で受信したEMRを定量化し、またそのような定量化を示す出力データを生成するように構成された、データ処理ユニット;および、
ユーザが決めたフォーマットで前記出力データを機能的に提示する、データ出力装置
を含み、
前記予め算出された動作波長のセットが、請求項1に記載の方法で算出される
ことを特徴とするサンプル特性を計測する分光測定システム。 - 前記分光測定システムは、パルスオキシメーターを含み、
前記サンプルのM個の物質成分のM個のスペクトル依存特性が、光吸収特性を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 前記予め算出された動作波長のセットが、前記スペクトル依存特性を、前記サンプルの前記M個の物質成分の各々対応する濃度の関数として示す方程式を含む連立方程式を解くことで決まり、
前記濃度が、サンプル中の細胞カウント、タンパク質カウント、ヘモグロビンレベル、ブドウ糖レベル、脂質レベル、発色団の割合、ガス濃度、水の割合、および、pHレベルの少なくとも一つを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のシステム。 - 前記ガス濃度が、二酸化炭素濃度および酸素濃度の少なくとも一つを含み、
前記M個の物質成分が、ヘモグロビンを含む
ことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のシステム。
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