JP6092069B2 - Cleaning device and cleaning method for contaminated soil particles - Google Patents

Cleaning device and cleaning method for contaminated soil particles Download PDF

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JP6092069B2
JP6092069B2 JP2013208297A JP2013208297A JP6092069B2 JP 6092069 B2 JP6092069 B2 JP 6092069B2 JP 2013208297 A JP2013208297 A JP 2013208297A JP 2013208297 A JP2013208297 A JP 2013208297A JP 6092069 B2 JP6092069 B2 JP 6092069B2
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弘康 楠岡
弘康 楠岡
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Sato Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置及び洗浄方法に関し、詳しくは汚染土壌の泥水に含まれる砂礫の表面に付着した汚染物質を磨耗・剥離して洗浄する装置、及び該装置を用いて行う洗浄方法に関する。   TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method for contaminated soil particles, and more specifically, an apparatus for cleaning by removing contaminants attached to the surface of gravel contained in muddy water of contaminated soil, and a cleaning method performed using the apparatus. About.

重金属やセシウム等の汚染土壌に含まれる砂礫、粘土・シルト、植物性廃棄物(落ち葉、枝、微細植物繊維質等)のうち、その70〜80%程度を砂礫が占めるため、この砂礫を洗浄して汚染物質を除去することが汚染土壌の汚染率を低減する浄化技術において重要となっている。   Of the gravel, clay / silt, and plant waste (fallen leaves, branches, fine plant fibers, etc.) contained in contaminated soil such as heavy metals and cesium, the gravel occupies about 70 to 80%, so this gravel is washed. Thus, it is important in the purification technology to reduce the contamination rate of contaminated soil.

砂礫の汚染構成としては、汚染物質が土粒子の粒径の小さな粘土鉱物に強固に付着して濃集し、この汚染物質が結び付いた粘土鉱物が砂礫の表面に固着することによるものである。   The contamination of the gravel is due to the fact that the contaminants adhere firmly to the clay mineral with a small particle size of the soil particles and concentrate, and the clay mineral to which the contaminants are bound adheres to the surface of the gravel.

従って、砂礫からの汚染物質の除去は、洗浄によって砂礫表面を磨耗・剥離することによって行われる。この際、磨耗・剥離の均質化・品質安定化が重要となっている。   Therefore, the removal of contaminants from the gravel is performed by wearing and peeling the gravel surface by washing. At this time, it is important to homogenize and stabilize the quality of wear and peeling.

砂礫表面の磨耗・剥離による洗浄方法としては、(1)円筒の回転ドラム式洗浄機による方法や、(2)キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機に導入して剥離させる方法(株式会社ハマダによる技術。例えば、特許文献1参照)や、(3)BAT(Brend Air Tornado)ポンプに汚染土壌と水とを吸い込んで砂礫を混合衝突させることによって剥離する方法(ロート製薬株式会社による技術)等がこれまで知られている。   Cleaning methods by abrasion / peeling of the gravel surface include (1) a method using a cylindrical rotary drum type washer, and (2) a method for introducing into an impact washer using a cavitation action and separating it (Technology by Hamada Co., Ltd.) For example, refer to Patent Document 1), and (3) a method of separating by sucking contaminated soil and water into a BAT (Brend Air Tornado) pump and causing the gravel to mix and collide (technology by Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Until known.

特開2013−140021号公報JP 2013-140021 A

しかし、上記(1)の回転ドラム式洗浄機による方法では、均質な磨耗・剥離が困難であることから、表面を磨耗・剥離した後の砂礫の品質が一定ではないため、均質な洗浄済み砂礫が得られ難いという問題点を有している。更に当該技術では、処理時間が長く、しかも一回の処理量が回転ドラムの容量に限定されるために大量に処理する場合には装置を大型化する必要があり、無理に大量の土壌を処理すると処理物の品質の悪化を招くという問題点を有している。更にまた、装置の大型化は高コスト化を招き易く、連続的な作業には不向きであるために処理効率が低くなり易いという問題点を有している。   However, in the method using the rotary drum type washing machine of (1) above, since uniform wear / peeling is difficult, the quality of the gravel after the surface is worn / peeled is not constant. Is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, in this technology, since the processing time is long and the processing amount of one time is limited to the capacity of the rotating drum, it is necessary to enlarge the apparatus when processing a large amount, and forcibly process a large amount of soil. Then, there is a problem that the quality of the processed product is deteriorated. Furthermore, an increase in the size of the apparatus is likely to cause an increase in cost, and is unsuitable for continuous work, so that the processing efficiency tends to be low.

また、上記(2)の高圧ジェット水流による方法や(3)のBATポンプによる方法では、高電圧(200V)での作動処理となるために電力消費量が極めて高くコスト高となるだけでなく、砂礫を含む高圧の水流によって装置内部の磨耗損傷が激しいために修理・メンテナンス頻度が高く、よって装置寿命が短いという問題点を有している。   In addition, in the method using the high-pressure jet water flow of (2) and the method using the BAT pump of (3), since the operation processing is performed at a high voltage (200 V), not only the power consumption is extremely high and the cost is high, Since the wear damage inside the apparatus is severe due to the high-pressure water flow containing sand and gravel, there is a problem that the frequency of repair and maintenance is high, and therefore the apparatus life is short.

そこで本発明の課題は、汚染物質の付着した砂礫の均質且つ迅速な洗浄が可能であり、しかもメンテナンス性が良好であり装置寿命の長い汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置及び洗浄方法を提供することにある。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method for contaminated soil particles that are capable of homogeneous and quick cleaning of gravel with attached contaminants, have good maintainability, and have a long apparatus life. .

上記課題を解決する本発明は、下記構成を有する。   The present invention for solving the above problems has the following configuration.

1.汚染土壌に含まれる砂礫を洗浄することにより、該砂礫の土壌粒子の表面に付着した汚染物質を磨耗・剥離する汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置において、
洗浄装置の本体の一端に設けられた導入口から水と共に汚染された砂礫を導入し、導入した砂礫を含む水に本体通水路内で旋回流を付与し、本体の他端に設けられた吐出口から前記水及び砂礫を吐出する構成であって、
前記導入口と吐出口との間の本体通水路の上流側部分に、水及び砂礫の流れを旋回させる旋回水路を有し、下流側部分に水及び砂礫の旋回流を加速する旋回流加速室を有し、
前記旋回水路が、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝、又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔から形成され、
前記旋回流加速室が、前記吐出口に向かって本体通水路の通水方向に直交する方向での断面径が絞り込まれるように形成された構成であり、
汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送って前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄する構成であり、
更に、前記本体通水路内において、前記水及び砂礫が接触する部分である前記旋回流加速室の内壁部分を含む前記本体通水路の内壁部分と前記旋回水路とを構成する部分が着脱交換可能であること、
を特徴とする汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
1. In the cleaning apparatus for contaminated soil particles, which removes contaminants attached to the surface of the soil particles of the gravel by washing the gravel contained in the contaminated soil,
The gravel contaminated with water is introduced from an inlet provided at one end of the main body of the cleaning device, and a swirling flow is given to the water containing the introduced gravel in the main body water passage, and the discharge provided at the other end of the main body. It is configured to discharge the water and gravel from an outlet,
A swirling flow acceleration chamber that has a swirling water passage that swirls the flow of water and gravel in the upstream portion of the main body water passage between the introduction port and the discharge port, and accelerates the swirling flow of water and gravel in the downstream portion. Have
The swirling water channel is formed of at least one spiral groove or at least one spiral hole that spirally swirls in the direction of water flow,
The swirl flow acceleration chamber is a configuration formed such that a cross-sectional diameter in a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction of the main body water passage is narrowed toward the discharge port,
Configuration der the contaminated gravel washing worn-release of the surface of the gravel is sent to the cleaning device by means of a pump unit with water is,
Further, in the main body water passage, the inner wall portion of the main body water passage including the inner wall portion of the swirl flow acceleration chamber, which is the portion where the water and gravel come into contact, and the part constituting the swirl water passage are detachable and replaceable. There is,
An apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles.

.前記本体通水路の内壁部分及び前記旋回流加速室を構成する部分の各々が、本体内に着脱可能に挿通した、予め磨耗箇所を限定した鋼素材で形成された複数本の円筒管から成る構成であることを特徴とする上記に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
2 . Each of the inner wall portion of the main body water passage and the portion constituting the swirl flow acceleration chamber is configured by a plurality of cylindrical tubes formed of a steel material in which wear points are limited in advance, which are detachably inserted into the main body. 2. The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to 1 above, wherein

.前記本体通水路の内壁部分となる円筒管である通水路円筒管の内側に、前記旋回流加速室を構成する円筒管である加速室円筒管が入れ子状の重層状態に複数本挿通される構成であり、
該複数本の加速室円筒管が、前記吐出口に向かって段々と短い長さのものを用いることにより前記旋回流加速室の断面径が絞り込まれるように形成される構成であることを特徴とする上記に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
3 . A configuration in which a plurality of acceleration chamber cylindrical tubes, which are cylindrical tubes constituting the swirling flow acceleration chamber, are inserted into a nested multi-layered state inside a water passage cylindrical tube which is a cylindrical tube serving as an inner wall portion of the main body water passage And
The plurality of accelerating chamber cylindrical tubes are configured to be formed so that the cross-sectional diameter of the swirling flow accelerating chamber is narrowed by using a tube having a length that is gradually shorter toward the discharge port. The cleaning apparatus for contaminated soil particles according to 2 above.

.前記旋回水路が、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝、又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔を有する旋回流発生部材から成り、
該旋回流発生部材が、前記本体通水路に着脱交換可能に配設される構成であることを特徴とする上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
4 . The swirling channel is composed of at least one spiral groove that spirally swirls in the direction of water flow, or a swirl flow generating member having at least one spiral hole,
4. The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of the above items 1 to 3 , wherein the swirl flow generating member is configured to be detachable and replaceable in the main body water passage.

.前記導入口と吐出口との間の本体通水路に、水及び砂礫中に気体を導入する気体導入管を有する構成であり、
前記旋回流の中に気体を自給又は加圧導入し、気体と水及び砂礫が同時に、吐出口から旋回しながら吐出開放され、マイクロバブルが形成される際に生じる剪断破壊を土壌洗浄作用として利用する構成であることを特徴とする上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
5 . The main body water passage between the introduction port and the discharge port has a gas introduction pipe for introducing gas into water and gravel,
Self-sufficiency or pressurized introduction of gas into the swirling flow, and gas, water, and gravel are discharged simultaneously while swirling from the discharge port, and shear fracture that occurs when microbubbles are formed is used as a soil washing action 5. The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of 1 to 4 above, wherein

.予めマイクロバブルを混合した前記水及び砂礫を前記導入口から導入する構成であることを特徴とする上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
6 . 6. The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of 1 to 5 , wherein the water and gravel mixed with microbubbles in advance are introduced from the inlet.

.前記吐出口を有する本体の他端が、その中心に吐出口の開口と成る間隙部分を残した状態で且つその中心から放射状に配設固定した少なくとも3枚の板状体によって閉塞された構成であり、
該板状体の各々が、配設固定を解除して前記中心方向に向かって移動させることが可能であると共に着脱交換可能な構成であることを特徴とする上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
7 . The other end of the main body having the discharge port is closed with at least three plate-like bodies arranged and fixed radially from the center while leaving a gap portion serving as an opening of the discharge port at the center. Yes,
Each of the plate-shaped body, according to any one of the above 1 to 6, characterized in that the detachable interchangeable configurable with it can be moved toward the center direction to release the disposed fixed Cleaning equipment for contaminated soil particles.

.前記吐出口の外側周囲に、吐出口側から外側に向かって段々と直径が大となる同心円状の孔部を有する複数枚の板状体が積層状態で着脱交換可能に配設固定されることにより、前記吐出口から同心円状に段々と拡開する複数段の段差を設けてなる渦崩壊促進面部が形成されていることを特徴とする上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
8 . A plurality of plate-like bodies having concentric holes whose diameter gradually increases from the discharge port side toward the outside are disposed and fixed in a stacked state so as to be detachable and replaceable around the outer periphery of the discharge port. The vortex breakdown promoting surface portion is formed by providing a plurality of steps that expand concentrically from the discharge port in a concentric manner. The contaminated soil particles according to any one of 1 to 7 above, Cleaning device.

.上記1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置を用い、汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送り、旋回流によって生じる遠心力と衝突による砂礫の通水路内での摩擦移動によって前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄することを特徴とする汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。
9 . The contaminated soil particle cleaning apparatus according to any one of 1 to 8 above, wherein contaminated gravel is sent to the cleaning apparatus together with water using a pump unit, and the gravel flow path caused by centrifugal force and collision caused by swirling flow A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles, characterized in that the surface of the gravel is worn, peeled off and cleaned by frictional movement inside.

10.前記洗浄装置を用いた砂礫の洗浄を複数回行う構成であることを特徴とする上記に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。
10 . 10. The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to 9 , wherein the gravel is cleaned a plurality of times using the cleaning device.

11.前記洗浄装置を実質的に直列方向に直接的又は間接的に複数台配設することにより、前記水及び砂礫の一度の通水路の通過において複数回の洗浄を行う構成であることを特徴とする上記10に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。
11 . A plurality of the cleaning devices are arranged in the series direction directly or indirectly, so that the cleaning is performed a plurality of times in one passage of the water and gravel. 11. The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to 10 above.

12.前記複数回の洗浄が、1台の洗浄装置を用いて繰り返し洗浄を行う構成であることを特徴とする上記11に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。
12 . 12. The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to 11 above, wherein the plurality of times of cleaning is configured to repeatedly perform cleaning using a single cleaning device.

13.前記複数回の洗浄が、汚染土壌の洗浄後に生成される洗浄後砂礫の汚染濃度の低下目標に見合う洗浄回数に設定することにより行う構成であることを特徴とする上記10〜12のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。
13 . Any of the above 10 to 12 , wherein the plurality of times of washing is performed by setting the number of times of washing to meet a reduction target of the contamination concentration of the washed gravel generated after washing the contaminated soil. A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles as described.

14.前記複数回の洗浄が、汚染土壌の洗浄後に生成される洗浄後砂礫の汚染濃度の低下目標に見合う洗浄装置の配設台数に設定することにより行う構成であることを特徴とする上記10又は11に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 14 . The above-mentioned 10 or 11 is characterized in that the plurality of washings are performed by setting the number of washing devices to meet the reduction target of the contamination concentration of the washed gravel generated after washing the contaminated soil. A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 1.

請求項1又は10に示す発明によれば、汚染物質の付着した砂礫の均質且つ迅速な洗浄が可能であり、しかもメンテナンス性が良好であり装置寿命の長い汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置、又は洗浄方法を提供することができる。   According to the invention shown in claim 1 or 10, the apparatus or method for cleaning contaminated soil particles, which is capable of homogeneous and quick cleaning of gravel attached with pollutants, has good maintainability, and has a long apparatus life. Can be provided.

特に、洗浄される砂礫は、その殆ど乃至は全てが水の中に分散した状態で洗浄装置の通水路内を同等の条件で通過することになるので、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離が均質に行われることになる。従って、均質な洗浄済みの砂礫を得ることができる。
また、洗浄される砂礫は、水と共に洗浄装置の通水路内を通過させるだけで表面の磨耗・剥離を行うことができるので、極めて簡単に且つ極めて短時間に洗浄を行うことができる。
更に、動的な可動部を持たない極めて簡易な構成の静止型の装置であることから磨耗損傷する部分が限定されるのみならず、例え磨耗損傷した場合でもその部分を交換することにより改めて使用することができるので、メンテナンス性が良好であり装置寿命の長い装置とすることが可能である。
In particular, most or all of the gravel to be washed will pass through the passage of the washing device under the same conditions with most or all of the gravel being dispersed in water. Will be done. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain uniform washed gravel.
Further, since the sand and gravel to be cleaned can be worn and peeled off by simply passing through the water passage of the cleaning device together with water, the cleaning can be performed very easily and in a very short time.
Furthermore, since it is a static device with a very simple configuration that does not have a dynamic moving part, not only the parts that are worn and damaged are limited, but even if they are worn and damaged, they can be used again by replacing them. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a device with good maintainability and a long device life.

請求項2に示す発明によれば、水及び砂礫が接触することによって磨耗する部分が着脱交換可能であるので、規定値以上に磨耗した際に交換することによって初期の洗浄性能を得ることができる。
特に、水及び砂礫と接触する部分を着脱交換可能とすることにより、その他の部分の材質について磨耗損傷を特に考慮する必要がなくなるため、このその他の部分を形成する材料選定の自由度が高く、管材料として一般的に用いられ、低コスト且つ容易に入手可能な塩ビ製品等を用いることができるようになることから、この点においてコストダウンと大量生産を図ることができる。
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the part that wears when water and gravel come into contact with each other can be attached and detached, the initial cleaning performance can be obtained by replacing the part when it wears more than the specified value. .
In particular, by making the part in contact with water and gravel to be detachable and replaceable, it is not necessary to specifically consider wear damage on the material of the other part, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material forming this other part is high, Since a PVC product that is generally used as a pipe material and can be easily obtained at low cost can be used, cost reduction and mass production can be achieved in this respect.

請求項3に示す発明によれば、本体内に挿通した円筒管を引き抜き、磨耗の無い円筒管に交換して挿通するだけでよいのでメンテナンス性が極めて良好である。
また、土木現場や建設現場等で容易に入手可能な鋼素材の円筒管を用いることができるので、低コストであり、費用対効果が極めて高い。
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the cylindrical tube inserted into the main body has only to be pulled out and replaced with a cylindrical tube without wear, the maintainability is extremely good.
In addition, since a steel cylindrical tube that can be easily obtained at a civil engineering site or a construction site can be used, the cost is low and the cost effectiveness is extremely high.

請求項4に示す発明によれば、旋回流加速室の絞込み構成が、径と長さの異なる円筒管の組合せで形成されていることから、構成が極めて簡素であるためメンテナンス性が極めて良好であり、装置寿命が長く、しかも低コストである。   According to the invention shown in claim 4, since the constriction structure of the swirling flow acceleration chamber is formed by a combination of cylindrical tubes having different diameters and lengths, the structure is extremely simple, so that maintainability is extremely good. Yes, the device life is long and the cost is low.

請求項5に示す発明によれば、旋回水路が着脱交換可能な部材により形成した構成により、旋回水路の内部が規定値以上に磨耗した際に交換することによって初期の旋回性能を得ることができる。   According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, with the configuration in which the swirling channel is formed by a detachable and replaceable member, the initial turning performance can be obtained by exchanging the swirling channel when the inside of the swirling channel is worn beyond a specified value. .

請求項6に示す発明によれば、旋回水路では砂礫は遠心力により通水路内の内壁に沿って旋回しながら磨耗・衝突すると共に、導入した気体は軽く、旋回流によって生じる遠心力によって通水路の中心軸に気柱となって集約し、ロート状に絞り込まれた旋回流加速室の部分では、砂礫と汚泥水、気柱の旋回が更に高速回転することになる。この際、洗浄装置端部の吐出口から水中に開放されると気柱は渦崩壊作用を起こし、マイクロバブルが発生することになる。このマイクロバブルの発生は、強い衝撃と破砕効果を伴うため、同時に旋回しながら開放される砂礫に対しても強力な磨耗・破砕効果を付与することができる。この旋回水路と旋回流加速室における二つの作用によって、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離効率が一層向上し、より均質且つ高品質な洗浄が可能となる。   According to the invention shown in claim 6, in the swirling channel, the gravel is worn and collided while swirling along the inner wall in the water channel by centrifugal force, and the introduced gas is light and the water channel is generated by the centrifugal force generated by the swirling flow. In the part of the swirling flow acceleration chamber, which is concentrated as an air column on the central axis of the squeezed and narrowed down into a funnel shape, the gravel, sludge water, and the swirling of the air column rotate further. At this time, when the air column is released into the water from the discharge port at the end of the cleaning device, the air column causes a vortex collapse action and microbubbles are generated. Since the generation of microbubbles is accompanied by a strong impact and a crushing effect, a strong wear / crushing effect can be imparted to gravel that is simultaneously opened while turning. The two effects in the swirling channel and swirling flow acceleration chamber further improve the abrasion / peeling efficiency of the surface of the gravel and enable more uniform and high-quality cleaning.

請求項7に示す発明によれば、砂礫と水とマイクロバブルが混合した状態で磨耗・剥離が行われることにより、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離効果が高く、より均質な洗浄が可能となる。   According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, wear / peeling is performed in a state where sand and gravel, water and microbubbles are mixed, so that the wear / peeling effect on the surface of the gravel is high and more uniform cleaning is possible.

請求項8に示す発明によれば、吐出口の開口が磨耗した際に、放射状に配設固定した板状体の各々を磨耗した長さだけ中心に向かって移動させることにより吐出口の開口径を初期値に戻すことができる。また、この板状体の移動による吐出口の開口径の初期化は、板状体が固定可能な長さを有する限り多数回可能であり、固定不可能な長さにまで磨耗した場合には、新たな板状体と交換することにより、改めて初期値に戻すことが可能となる。   According to the invention shown in claim 8, when the opening of the discharge port is worn, the opening diameter of the discharge port is moved by moving each of the plate-like bodies arranged and fixed radially toward the center by the worn length. Can be returned to the initial value. Moreover, the initialization of the opening diameter of the discharge port by the movement of the plate-like body can be performed many times as long as the plate-like body has a length that can be fixed. By replacing with a new plate-like body, it becomes possible to return to the initial value again.

請求項9に示す発明によれば、吐出口から吐出した砂礫及び水の旋回流に渦崩壊効果が加わることによって、均質な洗浄効果がより高まることになる。
また、渦崩壊促進面部が着脱交換可能であるので、規定値以上に磨耗した際に交換することによって初期の渦崩壊能を得ることができる。
According to the ninth aspect of the invention, the vortex breaking effect is added to the swirling flow of the gravel and water discharged from the discharge port, so that the homogeneous cleaning effect is further enhanced.
Moreover, since the vortex breakdown promoting surface portion can be attached and detached, the initial vortex breakdown ability can be obtained by replacing the vortex breakdown promoting surface portion when it is worn beyond a specified value.

請求項11に示す発明によれば、極めて簡易な構成の洗浄装置により複数回の洗浄を極めて容易に行うことができるので、より効果の高い洗浄が可能となる。尚、複数回の洗浄は、1台の洗浄装置を用いて複数回繰り返し洗浄する構成でもよいし、複数台の洗浄装置を用いて洗浄する構成とすることもできる。   According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, a plurality of cleanings can be performed very easily by a cleaning device having a very simple configuration, so that more effective cleaning is possible. The plurality of times of cleaning may be configured to be repeatedly cleaned a plurality of times using a single cleaning device, or may be configured to be cleaned using a plurality of cleaning devices.

請求項12に示す発明によれば、複数台の洗浄装置の接続は、上流側に配置した洗浄装置の吐出口に下流側の洗浄装置の導入口を直接的に接続することにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできるし、複数台の洗浄装置を接続管を介して接続することにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできるし、或いは、複数台の洗浄装置同士の間に中間槽を配設し、この中間槽に一旦吐出した後、この中間槽から次の洗浄装置に送り込むことにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできる。尚、複数台の洗浄装置の接続は直列方向に並べた状態での接続が好ましい。尚また、直列方向の接続は、実質的に直列であればよく、配設場所の状況等に応じて一直線上からズレた直列状を含むものである。   According to the invention described in claim 12, the plurality of cleaning devices are connected to each other by connecting the inlet of the downstream cleaning device directly to the discharge port of the cleaning device arranged on the upstream side. Can be configured to perform cleaning multiple times by connecting a plurality of cleaning devices via a connecting pipe, or between a plurality of cleaning devices. An intermediate tank may be provided, and after discharging to the intermediate tank, the cleaning may be performed a plurality of times by feeding the intermediate tank to the next cleaning device. In addition, the connection of the washing | cleaning apparatus of a plurality of units | sets is preferable in the state arranged in a series direction. In addition, the connection in the series direction may be substantially in series, and includes a series shape shifted from a straight line depending on the situation of the installation location.

請求項13に示す発明によれば、1台の洗浄装置で複数回の洗浄を行うことにより、より効果の高い洗浄が低コストで可能となる。   According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, a more effective cleaning can be performed at a lower cost by performing a plurality of times of cleaning with one cleaning device.

請求項14に示す発明によれば、洗浄回数は、事前に行う繰り返し洗浄試験結果から目標とする汚染物質の濃度低下目標に見合う洗浄回数を任意に設定することができる。   According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the number of times of cleaning can be arbitrarily set to the number of times of cleaning that meets the target contaminant concentration reduction target from the results of repeated cleaning tests performed in advance.

請求項15に示す発明によれば、洗浄装置の配設台数は、事前に行う洗浄装置1台による繰り返し洗浄試験結果から目標とする汚染物質の濃度低下目標に見合う洗浄装置台数を任意に設定することができる。尚、複数台の洗浄装置による複数回の洗浄は、汚染濃度低減目標を見据えた、より効果の高い洗浄が低コストで可能となる。   According to the invention described in claim 15, the number of cleaning devices arranged is arbitrarily set to the number of cleaning devices that meets the target contaminant concentration reduction target based on the results of repeated cleaning tests performed by one cleaning device in advance. be able to. Note that a plurality of times of cleaning by a plurality of cleaning devices enables more effective cleaning at a low cost with a goal of reducing the concentration of contamination.

本発明に係る汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置の一実施例を示す概略構成断面図1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a contaminated soil particle cleaning apparatus according to the present invention. 図1に示す洗浄装置の要部分解説明断面図FIG. 1 is an exploded sectional view of the main part of the cleaning apparatus shown in FIG. 本体通水路及び旋回流加速室を構成する部材の概略構成分解斜視図Schematic structure exploded perspective view of members constituting main body water passage and swirl flow acceleration chamber 本体通水路、旋回流加速室及び旋回流発生部材の概略構成断面図Schematic configuration sectional view of main body water passage, swirl flow acceleration chamber and swirl flow generating member 旋回流発生部材の概略構成分解側面図Schematic configuration exploded side view of swirl flow generating member 旋回流発生部材の概略説明構成図Schematic illustration of swirl flow generating member 図6のVII方向から見た概略説明構成側面図FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the configuration viewed from the VII direction. 吐出口の概略説明構成図Schematic configuration diagram of the discharge port 渦崩壊促進面部の概略構成分解斜視図Schematic exploded view of the vortex breakdown promoting surface 渦崩壊促進面部の概略構成断面図Schematic configuration cross-sectional view of vortex breakdown promoting surface 本発明に係る汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置を用いて1回〜5回の洗浄を行った際の洗浄効果確認試験結果を示すグラフThe graph which shows the cleaning effect confirmation test result at the time of performing 1 to 5 times washing | cleaning using the washing | cleaning apparatus of the contaminated soil particle which concerns on this invention.

次に、添付の図面に従って本発明を詳細に説明する。   Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

本発明に係る汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置(本明細書では単に洗浄装置ということもある。)について実施例に基づき説明する。   An apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to the present invention (sometimes simply referred to as a cleaning apparatus in the present specification) will be described based on examples.

本発明に係る洗浄装置は、汚染土壌に含まれる砂礫を洗浄することにより、該砂礫の土壌粒子の表面に付着した汚染物質を磨耗・剥離するものであり、
具体的な構成例としては、図1に示すように、
洗浄装置の本体1の一端に設けられた導入口1Aから水と共に汚染された砂礫を導入し、導入した砂礫を含む水に本体通水路1B内で旋回流を付与し、本体の他端に設けられた吐出口1Cから前記水及び砂礫を吐出する構成であって、
前記導入口1Aと吐出口1Cとの間の本体通水路1Bの上流側部分に、水及び砂礫の流れを旋回させる旋回水路1Dとなる旋回流発生部材2を有し、下流側部分に水及び砂礫の旋回流を加速する旋回流加速室1Eと、を有し、
前記旋回水路の旋回流発生部材2が、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔(本実施例では3条の螺旋状溝21・21・21。図7参照。)から形成され、
前記旋回流加速室1Eが、前記吐出口1Cに向かって本体通水路1Bの通水方向に直交する方向での断面径が絞り込まれるように形成された構成であり、
汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送って前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄する構成であることを主構成とする。
The cleaning device according to the present invention is for cleaning and removing the gravel contained in the contaminated soil, so that the contaminant attached to the surface of the soil particles of the gravel is worn and peeled off,
As a specific configuration example, as shown in FIG.
The gravel contaminated with water is introduced from the introduction port 1A provided at one end of the main body 1 of the cleaning device, and a swirl flow is imparted to the water containing the introduced gravel in the main body water passage 1B and provided at the other end of the main body. The water and gravel are discharged from the discharged outlet 1C,
There is a swirl flow generating member 2 serving as a swirl water channel 1D for swirling the flow of water and gravel at the upstream side portion of the main body water passage 1B between the introduction port 1A and the discharge port 1C, and water and A swirl flow acceleration chamber 1E for accelerating swirl flow of gravel,
The swirl flow generating member 2 of the swirl channel has at least one spiral groove or at least one spiral hole (in this embodiment, three spiral grooves 21, 21. 21. See FIG.
The swirl flow acceleration chamber 1E is configured such that the cross-sectional diameter in the direction orthogonal to the water flow direction of the main body water passage 1B is narrowed toward the discharge port 1C.
The main configuration is that the contaminated gravel is sent to the cleaning device together with water using a pumping means, and the surface of the gravel is worn and peeled to be cleaned.

以下、本発明の洗浄装置の各構成について更に詳説する。   Hereinafter, each structure of the washing | cleaning apparatus of this invention is explained in full detail.

洗浄装置本体1の導入口2には、原水貯溜槽(図示せず)内の水及び砂礫を洗浄装置本体1に送水する水中ポンプ等のポンプ手段(図示せず)からの配管が接続される。   A pipe from a pump means (not shown) such as a submersible pump for feeding water and gravel in the raw water storage tank (not shown) to the washing device body 1 is connected to the introduction port 2 of the cleaning device body 1. .

本発明の特に好ましい構成例は、前記本体通水路1B内において、前記水及び砂礫が接触する部分である前記旋回流加速室1Eの内壁部分を含む前記本体通水路1Bの内壁部分と前記旋回水路1Dと成る旋回流発生部材2とが着脱交換可能であることである。   A particularly preferable configuration example of the present invention includes an inner wall portion of the main body water passage 1B including an inner wall portion of the swirl flow acceleration chamber 1E, which is a portion where the water and gravel come into contact with each other, and the swirl water passage in the main body water passage 1B. It is that the swirl flow generating member 2 that is 1D can be attached and detached.

前記本体通水路1Bの内壁部分及び前記旋回流加速室1Eを構成する部分の各々を着脱交換可能にする構成としては、例えば図2及び図3に示すように、洗浄装置の本体1内に着脱可能に挿通した複数本(本実施例では3本)の円筒管3(3A・3B・3C)から成る構成を挙げることができる。   For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner wall portion of the main body water passage 1 </ b> B and the portion constituting the swirling flow acceleration chamber 1 </ b> E can be attached and detached. A configuration including a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) cylindrical tubes 3 (3A, 3B, and 3C) that can be inserted can be given.

特に、本体通水路1Bの内壁部分となる円筒管3である通水路円筒管3Aの内側に、該前記旋回流加速室1Eを構成する円筒管3である加速室円筒管3B・3Cを入れ子状の重層状態に複数本(本実施例では2本)挿通す構成とし、しかも該複数本(2本)の加速室円筒管3B・3Cを、前記吐出口1Cに向かって段々と短い長さのものを用いることにより前記旋回流加速室1Eの断面径が絞り込まれるように形成される構成とする。この加速室円筒管3B・3C各々の導入口1A側の端部が本体通水路1B内において段差となるので、この段差により旋回流加速室1Eの断面径が絞り込まれる形状と成り、この部分を流れる水及び砂礫による旋回流は吐出口1Cに向かって効果的に加速されることになる。   In particular, accelerating chamber cylindrical tubes 3B and 3C, which are cylindrical tubes 3 constituting the swirling flow acceleration chamber 1E, are nested inside a water passage cylindrical tube 3A that is a cylindrical tube 3 serving as an inner wall portion of the main body water passage 1B. A plurality of (two in this embodiment) are inserted into the multi-layered state, and the plurality (two) of acceleration chamber cylindrical tubes 3B and 3C are gradually shortened toward the discharge port 1C. By using a thing, it is set as the structure formed so that the cross-sectional diameter of the said swirl flow acceleration chamber 1E may be narrowed down. Since the end of each of the acceleration chamber cylindrical pipes 3B and 3C on the introduction port 1A side becomes a step in the main body water passage 1B, this step forms a shape in which the cross-sectional diameter of the swirling flow acceleration chamber 1E is narrowed. The swirling flow caused by the flowing water and gravel is effectively accelerated toward the discharge port 1C.

入れ子状の重層状態に挿通した複数本の円筒管3の本体1への固定は、通水方向の後端部分を吐出口板状体4(詳細は後述)によって当接させ、この吐出口板状体4を本体1に固定することにより、間接的に固定される構成であることが好ましい。かかる構成によれば、吐出口板状体4を取り外すことにより、複数本の円筒管3を単に引き抜くだけで着脱交換が可能となるためメンテナンス性が極めて良好となる。特に、磨耗損傷による交換時には、複数本の円筒管3のみならず、この吐出口板状体4についても交換或いは位置調整(位置調整については後述)が必要となるため、メンテナンス効率が良好である。   The plurality of cylindrical tubes 3 inserted into the nested multi-layered state are fixed to the main body 1 by bringing the rear end portion of the water passage direction into contact with a discharge port plate 4 (details will be described later). It is preferable that the structure 4 is fixed indirectly by fixing the body 4 to the main body 1. According to such a configuration, by removing the discharge port plate-like body 4, it becomes possible to attach and detach and replace it by simply pulling out the plurality of cylindrical tubes 3, so that maintainability is extremely good. In particular, at the time of replacement due to wear damage, not only the plurality of cylindrical tubes 3 but also the discharge port plate 4 needs to be replaced or position-adjusted (position adjustment will be described later), so that maintenance efficiency is good. .

上記構成を有する複数本の円筒管3(3A・3B・3C)の導入口1A側の端部に、前記旋回水路1Dとなる旋回流発生部材2が配設される(図1〜図4及び図6参照)。   A swirling flow generating member 2 serving as the swirling water channel 1D is disposed at the end of the plurality of cylindrical tubes 3 (3A, 3B, 3C) having the above-described configuration on the introduction port 1A side (see FIGS. 1 to 4 and FIG. 4). (See FIG. 6).

該旋回流発生部材2は、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝、又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔を有する構成であり、前述したように図5〜図7に示す本実施例では3条の螺旋状溝21・21・21が形成されている。   The swirling flow generating member 2 has a configuration having at least one spiral groove or at least one spiral hole that spirally swirls with respect to the water flow direction, and is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 as described above. In this embodiment, three spiral grooves 21, 21, 21 are formed.

図6に示すように前記導入口1Aから導入される水及び砂礫は、旋回水路1D部分の構成部材である旋回流発生部材2の3条の螺旋状溝21・21・21からなる旋回水路1D内に進入することで水及び砂礫の流れが図7に示すように3つの旋回流へと変換される。該旋回流発生部材2についても前述したように着脱交換可能な構成であることが好ましい。尚、本実施例では、図5に示すように旋回流発生部材2を4つの分割された部材を通水方向に重層させてボルト22・ナット23で螺合固定する構成となっている。従って、この構成によれば、この4つの部材のいずれかのみの磨耗損傷による交換も可能である。   As shown in FIG. 6, the water and gravel introduced from the inlet 1A are swirling water channels 1D composed of three spiral grooves 21, 21, 21 of the swirling flow generating member 2 which is a component of the swirling water channel 1D. By entering the inside, the flow of water and gravel is converted into three swirl flows as shown in FIG. The swirl flow generating member 2 is also preferably configured to be removable as described above. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the swirl flow generating member 2 is configured to have four divided members stacked in the water direction and screwed and fixed with bolts 22 and nuts 23. Therefore, according to this configuration, it is possible to replace only one of the four members due to wear damage.

円筒管3(3A・3B・3C)及び旋回流発生部材2は、前述したように水及び砂礫が接触する部分であるために砂礫の通過による磨耗損傷は避けられない。しかし本発明によれば、これらの部材を着脱交換可能な構成にすれば、所望の洗浄効果が得られない状態まで磨耗損傷が進行する前に交換を行うことができ、この交換によって、初期の洗浄性能を回復させることができる。   Since the cylindrical tube 3 (3A, 3B, 3C) and the swirl flow generating member 2 are portions where water and gravel come into contact as described above, wear damage due to the passage of gravel is inevitable. However, according to the present invention, if these members are configured to be detachable and replaceable, the replacement can be performed before the wear damage progresses to a state where the desired cleaning effect cannot be obtained. The cleaning performance can be recovered.

更に、この交換可能な部材を耐摩耗性材料で形成すれば、磨耗損傷を抑制することができるので、交換時期を延ばすことができる。耐摩耗性材料としては、公知公用の耐摩耗性金属、耐摩耗性合成樹脂、或いは耐摩耗性セラミックス等を挙げることができ、具体例としては、ステンレス、鋼、チタン、クロムモリブデン、或いはチタンとクロムモリブデンの複合材料等を挙げることができるが、耐摩耗性・入手容易性・加工性・コスト等の総合的観点から鋼を用いることが特に好ましい。   Furthermore, if this replaceable member is made of a wear-resistant material, wear damage can be suppressed, and the replacement time can be extended. Examples of the wear-resistant material include publicly known wear-resistant metals, wear-resistant synthetic resins, or wear-resistant ceramics. Specific examples include stainless steel, steel, titanium, chromium molybdenum, and titanium. A chromium-molybdenum composite material and the like can be mentioned, but it is particularly preferable to use steel from the comprehensive viewpoints of wear resistance, availability, workability, cost, and the like.

特に、上記説明したように、水及び砂礫と接触する部分を着脱交換可能とすることにより、その他の部分(例えば、本体等)の材質について磨耗損傷を特に考慮する必要がなくなるため、その他の部分を形成する材料選定の自由度が高くなり、低コスト且つ容易に入手可能であり管材料として至極一般的な塩ビ管等を用いることができるようになることから、この部分においてコストダウンを図ることができる。   In particular, as described above, by making the part in contact with water and gravel to be detachable and replaceable, it is not necessary to consider wear damage on the material of other parts (for example, the main body, etc.). The degree of freedom in selecting the material for forming the tube becomes high, and it is possible to use a very common PVC pipe or the like as a pipe material that is easily available at low cost. Can do.

次に、本発明の洗浄装置は、水及び砂礫の中に気体(乃至はマイクロバブル)を混合させて吐出させる構成とすることもできる。   Next, the cleaning apparatus of the present invention may be configured to mix and discharge gas (or microbubbles) in water and gravel.

水及び砂礫の中に気体を混合させる構成としては、例えば、
(1)前記導入口1Aと吐出口1Cとの間の本体通水路1Bに、水及び砂礫中に気体を導入する気体導入管を設けることにより、本体通水路1Bを通る水及び砂礫の旋回流の中に気体を導入し、水と砂礫の混合水の旋回によって発生する遠心力によって、軽い気体は本体通水路1Bから吐出口1Cに続く中心軸に集められ気柱となり、吐出口1Cで旋回しつつ液相中に開放される構成、
(2)予め気体を加圧して直接導入口1Aに直接導入する構成、
(3)予めマイクロバブルを混合した前記水及び砂礫を前記導入口1Aから導入する構成、
を挙げることができる。
As a configuration for mixing gas into water and gravel, for example,
(1) A swirling flow of water and gravel through the main body water passage 1B by providing a gas introduction pipe for introducing gas into the water and gravel in the main body water passage 1B between the introduction port 1A and the discharge port 1C. The light gas is collected in the central axis that continues from the main body water passage 1B to the discharge port 1C by the centrifugal force generated by the swirling of the water and the gravel mixed water. While being open to the liquid phase,
(2) A configuration in which gas is pressurized in advance and directly introduced into the inlet 1A.
(3) A configuration in which the water and gravel mixed with microbubbles in advance are introduced from the inlet 1A.
Can be mentioned.

上記(1)の構成としては、例えば、特許4019154号に記載のマイクロバブル発生装置と同様の構成を有する空気導入管を本発明の洗浄装置に設けた構成を挙げることができ、
上記(2)の構成としては、例えば、コンプレッサー等により加圧された気体を本発明の洗浄装置に導入する構成を挙げることができ、
上記(3)の構成としては、例えば、水及び砂礫を含む汚染土壌の貯留槽乃至は処理槽内にマイクロバブル発生装置を配設することにより、前記槽内でマイクロバブルを発生させ、発生したマイクロバブルが水及び砂礫内に混合した状態で該水及び砂礫を本発明の洗浄装置に導入する構成、或いは、砂礫を貯留する貯留槽乃至は処理槽内に、例えば、公知のマイクロバブル発生装置によってマイクロバブル混合水を導水し、導水されたマイクロバブル混合水と砂礫とを本発明の洗浄装置に導入する構成、
を挙げることができる。
As the configuration of the above (1), for example, a configuration in which an air introduction pipe having a configuration similar to the microbubble generator described in Japanese Patent No. 4019154 is provided in the cleaning device of the present invention can be exemplified.
Examples of the configuration (2) include a configuration in which gas pressurized by a compressor or the like is introduced into the cleaning device of the present invention.
As a configuration of the above (3), for example, a microbubble generating device is disposed in a storage tank or a processing tank for contaminated soil containing water and gravel, thereby generating microbubbles in the tank. A configuration in which the water and gravel are introduced into the cleaning device of the present invention in a state where the microbubbles are mixed in the water and gravel, or a storage tank or processing tank for storing gravel, for example, a known microbubble generator The structure that introduces the microbubble mixed water and the sand gravel introduced into the cleaning device of the present invention by introducing the microbubble mixed water by
Can be mentioned.

上記(1)の構成によれば、旋回流の中に導入した気体が旋回を伴って砂礫や水共々吐出口から吐出する際に現れるマイクロバブル発生現象が、強い磨耗・破砕効果を生み出し、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離効率が向上し、より均質且つ高効率な洗浄が可能となり、
上記(2)の構成によれば、本体通水路1Bで発生する遠心力旋回磨耗と、吐出口1Cで発生する高速旋回マイクロバブル渦崩壊磨耗の二段階を経て磨耗・剥離が行われることにより、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離効果が高く、より均質な洗浄が可能となり、
上記(3)の構成によれば、砂礫と水とマイクロバブルが混合した状態で磨耗・剥離が行われることにより、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離効果が高く、より均質な洗浄が可能となる。
According to the configuration of (1) above, the microbubble generation phenomenon that appears when the gas introduced into the swirling flow is discharged from the discharge port together with the gravel and water with the swirling creates a strong wear and crushing effect. The surface wear and peeling efficiency is improved, and more uniform and highly efficient cleaning is possible.
According to the configuration of (2) above, the wear and delamination are performed through two stages of centrifugal force swirling wear generated in the main body water passage 1B and high-speed swirl microbubble vortex collapse wear generated in the discharge port 1C. Abrasion / peeling effect on the gravel surface is high, enabling more uniform cleaning.
According to the configuration of (3) above, wear / peeling is performed in a state where the gravel, water and microbubbles are mixed, so that the wear / peeling effect on the surface of the gravel is high and more uniform cleaning is possible.

次に、本体1他端の吐出口1Cについて詳説する。
吐出口1Cを有する本体1の他端は、その中心に吐出口1Cの開口と成る間隙部分を残した状態で且つその中心から放射状に配設固定した少なくとも3枚(本実施例では8枚)の吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・によって閉塞された構成になっており、この吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の各々が、配設固定を解除して前記中心方向に向かって移動させることが可能であると共に着脱交換可能な構成になっている。
即ち、少なくとも3枚(本実施例では8枚)の吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の前記中心側の一端面の両端辺を各々隣接する端辺同士が当接することによって前記少なくとも3枚(本実施例では8枚)の吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の各一端面同士による連なりが多角形(本実施例では8角形)の透孔を構成することになり、この透孔が吐出口1Cの開口となる構成である。
Next, the discharge port 1C at the other end of the main body 1 will be described in detail.
The other end of the main body 1 having the discharge port 1C has at least three (8 in the present embodiment) that are arranged and fixed radially from the center while leaving a gap portion serving as the opening of the discharge port 1C at the center. The discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4... Are closed, and each of the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. It can be moved toward the central direction and can be attached and detached.
That is, the end sides adjacent to each other of the one end surface on the center side of at least three (eight in this embodiment) discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. A series of at least three (eight in this embodiment) discharge port plate bodies 4, 4, 4... By one end surfaces constitutes a polygonal (octagonal in this embodiment) through-hole. Thus, the through hole is an opening of the discharge port 1C.

各吐出口板状体4の本体1への固定方法としては、例えば、図1及び図2に示すように、本体1に設けられた吐出口固定部11A・11B・11Cの各部に長尺螺子棒12を挿通した後、該長尺螺子棒12にナット13を螺合する構成を挙げることができる。   For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, each discharge port plate 4 is fixed to each portion of discharge port fixing portions 11 </ b> A, 11 </ b> B, and 11 </ b> C provided with a long screw as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A structure in which a nut 13 is screwed into the long screw rod 12 after the rod 12 is inserted can be mentioned.

以上の吐出口1Cに配設された吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の各々は、吐出口1Cの開口と成る間隙部分を水及び砂礫が吐出の際に接触して通過する部分であるために砂礫の通過による磨耗損傷は避けられない。この部分の磨耗損傷が進むことにより、前記間隙部分が拡開して規定値以上の間隙となった場合や、前記した隣接する端辺同士が当接しない位置まで磨耗した場合には、吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の固定を解除して前記中心方向(図8の矢符X参照)に向かって磨耗した長さ分だけ移動させる。この移動により吐出口1Cの開口径を初期値に戻すことができる。   Each of the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4... Disposed in the discharge port 1 C passes through a gap portion that becomes the opening of the discharge port 1 C in contact with water and gravel during discharge. Because it is a part, wear damage due to the passage of gravel is inevitable. When the wear damage of this part progresses, the gap part expands to become a gap greater than a specified value, or when the above-mentioned adjacent edges are worn to a position where they do not contact each other, the discharge port The plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4... Are released from the fixed state and are moved by the worn length in the central direction (see arrow X in FIG. 8). By this movement, the opening diameter of the discharge port 1C can be returned to the initial value.

尚、吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の移動の際、前記した開口となる間隙部分の直径を規定値となるように正確且つ迅速に位置調整するには、間隙部分の開口内に前記規定値の直径を有する丸棒(例えば、塩ビ管等)を挿通し、この丸棒の外周面に吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の各一端面を当接させる方法を挙げることができる。   In order to accurately and quickly adjust the diameter of the gap portion serving as the opening when the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. A round bar (for example, a polyvinyl chloride pipe) having a diameter of the specified value is inserted into the inside, and each end face of the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. A method can be mentioned.

この吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・の移動による吐出口1Cの開口径の初期化は、吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・が固定可能な長さを有する限り多数回可能であり、固定不可能な長さにまで磨耗した場合には、新たな吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・と交換することにより、改めて初期値に戻すことが可能となる。
この吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・を取り外すことにより、本体1内に挿通されている複数本の円筒管3の着脱交換、或いは磨耗損傷程度の確認を行うことができる。
The initialization of the opening diameter of the discharge port 1C by the movement of the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4... Is as long as the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. If it can be used many times and it is worn to an unfixable length, it can be restored to the initial value by replacing it with a new outlet plate 4, 4, 4 ... Become.
By removing the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4..., It is possible to check whether the plurality of cylindrical tubes 3 inserted through the main body 1 are attached or detached or the degree of wear damage.

本発明の洗浄装置は、更に吐出口1Cの外側周囲に、該吐出口1C側から外側に向かって段々と直径が大となる同心円状の孔部51A・51B・51C・51Dを有する複数枚(本実施例では4枚(図9及び図10参照))の渦崩壊板状体5A・5B・5C・5Dが積層状態で着脱交換可能に配設固定されることにより、前記吐出口1Cから同心円状に段々と拡開する複数段の段差を設けてなる渦崩壊促進面部1Fが形成された構成を付加することが好ましい。   The cleaning device of the present invention further includes a plurality of concentric holes 51A, 51B, 51C, and 51D that gradually increase in diameter from the discharge port 1C side toward the outer side around the outer side of the discharge port 1C ( In this embodiment, four vortex-disintegrating plates 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are arranged and fixed so as to be detachable and replaceable in a stacked state, thereby concentric from the discharge port 1C. It is preferable to add a configuration in which a vortex breakdown promoting surface portion 1F formed by providing a plurality of steps that gradually expand in a shape.

複数枚の渦崩壊板状体5A・5B・5C・5Dは、同様の同心円状の孔部61Aを有する渦崩壊促進面部固定板6によって吐出方向後方側から洗浄装置の吐出口1C部分に固定されている(図1及び図2参照)。渦崩壊促進面部固定板6は、吐出口固定部に挿通した長尺螺子棒12に挿通されてナット13により本体1に固定される。渦崩壊促進面部1Fを構成する渦崩壊板状体5A・5B・5C・5D並びに渦崩壊促進面部固定板6が、水及び砂礫の吐出に伴う接触によって磨耗損傷した際には、前述した円筒管3や吐出口板状体4・4・4・・・と同様に着脱交換することができる。この渦崩壊促進面部1Fの着脱交換により、初期の渦崩壊能を得ることができる。   The plurality of vortex collapse plate-like bodies 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are fixed to the discharge port 1C portion of the cleaning device from the rear side in the discharge direction by a vortex collapse promotion surface fixing plate 6 having a similar concentric hole 61A. (See FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The vortex breakdown promoting surface portion fixing plate 6 is inserted into a long screw rod 12 inserted into the discharge port fixing portion and fixed to the main body 1 with a nut 13. When the vortex breakdown plate-like bodies 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D and the vortex breakdown promotion surface fixing plate 6 constituting the vortex breakdown promotion surface portion 1F and the vortex breakdown promotion surface portion fixing plate 6 are worn and damaged due to contact with the discharge of water and gravel, 3 and the discharge port plate-like bodies 4, 4, 4. By attaching and detaching the vortex breakdown promoting surface portion 1F, the initial vortex breakdown ability can be obtained.

以上の渦崩壊促進面部1Fを付加した構成によれば、吐出口1Cから吐出された水及び砂礫の旋回流が該渦崩壊促進面部1Fに接触することでにより前記旋回流に渦崩壊効果が加わることによって、均質な洗浄効果がより高まることになる。   According to the above configuration in which the vortex breakdown promoting surface portion 1F is added, the swirl flow of water and gravel discharged from the discharge port 1C comes into contact with the vortex collapse promoting surface portion 1F, thereby adding the vortex collapse effect to the swirl flow. As a result, the homogeneous cleaning effect is further enhanced.

以上説明した本発明に係る汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置を用い、汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送り、旋回流によって生じる遠心力と衝突による砂礫の通水路内での摩擦移動によって前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄することにより、洗浄される砂礫は、その殆ど乃至は全てが水の中に分散した状態で洗浄装置の通水路内を同等の条件で通過することになるので、砂礫の表面の磨耗・剥離が均質に行われることになる。従って、均質な洗浄済みの砂礫を得ることができる。
また、洗浄される砂礫は、水と共に洗浄装置の通水路内を通過させるだけで表面の磨耗・剥離を行うことができるので、極めて効果的に且つ極めて短時間に洗浄を行うことができる。
更に、動的な可動部を持たない極めて簡易な構成の静止型の装置であることから磨耗損傷する部分が限定されるため、磨耗損傷した場合にはその部分を交換することにより改めて使用することができるので、メンテナンス性が良好であり装置寿命の長い装置とすることが可能である。
Using the cleaning apparatus for contaminated soil particles according to the present invention described above, the contaminated gravel is sent to the cleaning apparatus together with water using the pump means, and the gravitational force generated by the swirling flow and the gravel in the water passage due to the collision By washing and peeling the surface of the gravel by frictional movement, the gravel to be cleaned passes through the passage of the cleaning device under the same conditions with most or all of the gravel being dispersed in water. As a result, the surface of the gravel is worn and separated uniformly. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain uniform washed gravel.
Moreover, since the sand and gravel to be cleaned can be worn and peeled off by simply passing through the water passage of the cleaning device together with water, cleaning can be performed extremely effectively and in a very short time.
Furthermore, since it is a static device with a very simple configuration that does not have dynamic moving parts, the parts that are subject to wear damage are limited, so in the event of wear damage, the part can be used again by replacing that part. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a device with good maintainability and a long device life.

本発明の洗浄装置を用いた洗浄方法では、更に水及び砂礫を前記洗浄装置に複数回通過させることにより複数回の洗浄を行うことが極めて容易であり、この複数回の洗浄によって、より効果の高い洗浄が可能となる。   In the cleaning method using the cleaning device of the present invention, it is extremely easy to perform multiple cleaning by allowing water and gravel to pass through the cleaning device multiple times, and this multiple cleaning makes it more effective. High cleaning is possible.

図11に、洗浄回数を0回(洗浄無しの状態)、並びに本発明の洗浄装置を用いて1回〜5回の洗浄を行った場合の参考試験結果を示す。
当該参考試験では、一度きれいに砂を洗浄した後、この砂を本発明の洗浄装置を用いて1〜5回連続して洗浄し、その洗浄回数毎の砂分を除いた濁水の増加する濁度と含まれる粘土分の増加重量を測り、洗浄回数の違いにより、磨耗・粉砕により砂分から取り除かれた粘土分を観察した。
図11に示すグラフからは、3回の洗浄を行うことにより、この種の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄に一般的に用いられる濁度計の計測限界値の上限値付近までの洗浄を行うことができることが判る。尚、当該参考試験において、濁度が上がり、SS(浮遊物質)量が多くなるということは、そこに付着している汚染物質よりも多くの砂の表面部分を取り除いていることを示す。
In FIG. 11, the reference test result at the time of washing | cleaning 1 to 5 times using the washing | cleaning apparatus of this invention 0 times (state without washing | cleaning) and this invention is shown.
In this reference test, once the sand has been washed cleanly, this sand is continuously washed 1 to 5 times using the washing apparatus of the present invention, and the turbidity in which turbid water increases excluding the sand for each washing frequency. We measured the increased weight of clay contained and observed the amount of clay removed from the sand by abrasion and grinding due to the difference in the number of washings.
From the graph shown in FIG. 11, it is possible to perform washing up to the upper limit of the measurement limit value of a turbidimeter generally used for washing this kind of contaminated soil particles by performing washing three times. I understand. In the reference test, the increase in turbidity and the increase in the amount of SS (floating matter) indicates that more sand surface portions are removed than the contaminants adhering thereto.

この複数回の洗浄は、1台の洗浄装置を用いて複数回繰り返し洗浄する構成でもよいし、複数台の洗浄装置を用いて洗浄する構成とすることもできる。   The plurality of times of cleaning may be configured to be repeatedly cleaned a plurality of times using a single cleaning device, or may be configured to be cleaned using a plurality of cleaning devices.

複数台の洗浄装置を用いる構成の場合、上流側に配置した洗浄装置の吐出口に下流側の洗浄装置の導入口を直接的に接続することにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできるし、複数台の洗浄装置を接続管を介して接続することにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできるし、或いは、複数台の洗浄装置同士の間に中間槽を配設し、この中間槽に一旦吐出した後、この中間槽から次の洗浄装置に送り込むことにより複数回の洗浄を行う構成とすることもできる。尚、複数台の洗浄装置の接続は直列方向に並べた状態での接続が好ましい。尚また、直列方向の接続は、実質的に直列であればよく、配設場所の状況等に応じて一直線上からズレた直列状を含むものである。   In the case of a configuration using a plurality of cleaning devices, it is also possible to perform the cleaning multiple times by directly connecting the inlet of the downstream cleaning device to the discharge port of the cleaning device arranged on the upstream side. In addition, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a plurality of cleaning devices are connected via a connecting pipe to perform cleaning a plurality of times, or an intermediate tank is disposed between a plurality of cleaning devices, It is also possible to employ a configuration in which the cleaning is performed a plurality of times by once discharging to the intermediate tank and then feeding from the intermediate tank to the next cleaning device. In addition, the connection of the washing | cleaning apparatus of a plurality of units | sets is preferable in the state arranged in a series direction. In addition, the connection in the series direction may be substantially in series, and includes a series shape shifted from a straight line depending on the situation of the installation location.

複数回の洗浄を行う場合の洗浄回数は、事前に行う繰り返し洗浄試験結果から目標とする汚染物質の濃度低下目標に見合う洗浄回数を任意に設定することができる。   As the number of times of cleaning when performing a plurality of times of cleaning, the number of times of cleaning commensurate with the target concentration reduction target of the contaminant can be arbitrarily set from the results of repeated cleaning tests performed in advance.

また、複数台の洗浄装置を用いて複数回の洗浄を行う場合の配設台数は、事前に行う洗浄装置1台による繰り返し洗浄試験結果から目標とする汚染物質の濃度低下目標に見合う洗浄装置台数を任意に設定することができる。尚、複数台の洗浄装置による複数回の洗浄は、汚染濃度低減目標を見据えた、より効果の高い洗浄が低コストで可能となる。   In addition, the number of arrangements in the case of performing multiple times of washing using a plurality of washing devices is the number of washing devices that meet the target concentration reduction target of contaminants from the results of repeated washing tests performed by one washing device in advance. Can be set arbitrarily. Note that a plurality of times of cleaning by a plurality of cleaning devices enables more effective cleaning at a low cost with a goal of reducing the concentration of contamination.

1 洗浄装置の本体
1A 導入口
1B 本体通水路
1C 吐出口
1D 旋回水路
1E 旋回流加速室
1F 渦崩壊促進面部
11A・11B・11C 吐出口固定部
12 長尺螺子棒
13 ナット
2 旋回流発生部材
21 螺旋状溝
22 ボルト
23 ナット
3 円筒管
3A 通水路円筒管
3B 加速室円筒管
3C 加速室円筒管
4 吐出口板状体
5A・5B・5C・5D 渦崩壊板状体
51A・51B・51C・51D 孔部
6 渦崩壊促進面部固定板
61A 孔部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main body of washing | cleaning apparatus 1A Inlet 1B Main body water passage 1C Discharge port 1D Swirling water channel 1E Swirling flow acceleration chamber 1F Vortex collapse promotion surface part 11A / 11B / 11C Discharge port fixing | fixed part 12 Long screw rod 13 Nut 2 Swirling flow generation member 21 Spiral groove 22 Bolt 23 Nut 3 Cylindrical tube 3A Water passage cylindrical tube 3B Acceleration chamber cylindrical tube 3C Acceleration chamber cylindrical tube 4 Discharge port plate 5A / 5B / 5C / 5D Vortex collapsing plate 51A / 51B / 51C / 51D Hole 6 Vortex breakdown promoting surface fixing plate 61A Hole

Claims (14)

汚染土壌に含まれる砂礫を洗浄することにより、該砂礫の土壌粒子の表面に付着した汚染物質を磨耗・剥離する汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置において、
洗浄装置の本体の一端に設けられた導入口から水と共に汚染された砂礫を導入し、導入した砂礫を含む水に本体通水路内で旋回流を付与し、本体の他端に設けられた吐出口から前記水及び砂礫を吐出する構成であって、
前記導入口と吐出口との間の本体通水路の上流側部分に、水及び砂礫の流れを旋回させる旋回水路を有し、下流側部分に水及び砂礫の旋回流を加速する旋回流加速室を有し、
前記旋回水路が、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝、又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔から形成され、
前記旋回流加速室が、前記吐出口に向かって本体通水路の通水方向に直交する方向での断面径が絞り込まれるように形成された構成であり、
汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送って前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄する構成であり、
更に、前記本体通水路内において、前記水及び砂礫が接触する部分である前記旋回流加速室の内壁部分を含む前記本体通水路の内壁部分と前記旋回水路とを構成する部分が着脱交換可能であること、
を特徴とする汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
In the cleaning apparatus for contaminated soil particles, which removes contaminants attached to the surface of the soil particles of the gravel by washing the gravel contained in the contaminated soil,
The gravel contaminated with water is introduced from an inlet provided at one end of the main body of the cleaning device, and a swirling flow is given to the water containing the introduced gravel in the main body water passage, and the discharge provided at the other end of the main body. It is configured to discharge the water and gravel from an outlet,
A swirling flow acceleration chamber that has a swirling water passage that swirls the flow of water and gravel in the upstream portion of the main body water passage between the introduction port and the discharge port, and accelerates the swirling flow of water and gravel in the downstream portion. Have
The swirling water channel is formed of at least one spiral groove or at least one spiral hole that spirally swirls in the direction of water flow,
The swirl flow acceleration chamber is a configuration formed such that a cross-sectional diameter in a direction perpendicular to the water flow direction of the main body water passage is narrowed toward the discharge port,
Configuration der the contaminated gravel washing worn-release of the surface of the gravel is sent to the cleaning device by means of a pump unit with water is,
Further, in the main body water passage, the inner wall portion of the main body water passage including the inner wall portion of the swirl flow acceleration chamber, which is the portion where the water and gravel come into contact, and the part constituting the swirl water passage are detachable and replaceable. There is,
An apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles.
前記本体通水路の内壁部分及び前記旋回流加速室を構成する部分の各々が、本体内に着脱可能に挿通した、予め磨耗箇所を限定した鋼素材で形成された複数本の円筒管から成る構成であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。 Each of the inner wall portion of the main body water passage and the portion constituting the swirl flow acceleration chamber is configured by a plurality of cylindrical tubes formed of a steel material in which wear points are limited in advance, which are detachably inserted into the main body. The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 1 , wherein: 前記本体通水路の内壁部分となる円筒管である通水路円筒管の内側に、前記旋回流加速室を構成する円筒管である加速室円筒管が入れ子状の重層状態に複数本挿通される構成であり、
該複数本の加速室円筒管が、前記吐出口に向かって段々と短い長さのものを用いることにより前記旋回流加速室の断面径が絞り込まれるように形成される構成であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
A configuration in which a plurality of acceleration chamber cylindrical tubes, which are cylindrical tubes constituting the swirling flow acceleration chamber, are inserted into a nested multi-layered state inside a water passage cylindrical tube which is a cylindrical tube serving as an inner wall portion of the main body water passage And
The plurality of accelerating chamber cylindrical tubes are configured to be formed so that the cross-sectional diameter of the swirling flow accelerating chamber is narrowed by using a tube having a length that is gradually shorter toward the discharge port. The cleaning device for contaminated soil particles according to claim 2 .
前記旋回水路が、通水方向に対して螺旋状に旋回する少なくとも一条の螺旋状溝、又は少なくとも一つの螺旋状孔を有する旋回流発生部材から成り、
該旋回流発生部材が、前記本体通水路に着脱交換可能に配設される構成であることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
The swirling channel is composed of at least one spiral groove that spirally swirls in the direction of water flow, or a swirl flow generating member having at least one spiral hole,
The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the swirl flow generating member is configured to be detachable and replaceable in the main body water passage.
前記導入口と吐出口との間の本体通水路に、水及び砂礫中に気体を導入する気体導入管を有する構成であり、
前記旋回流の中に気体を自給又は加圧導入し、気体と水及び砂礫が同時に、吐出口から旋回しながら吐出開放され、マイクロバブルが形成される際に生じる剪断破壊を土壌洗浄作用として利用する構成であることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
The main body water passage between the introduction port and the discharge port has a gas introduction pipe for introducing gas into water and gravel,
Self-sufficiency or pressurized introduction of gas into the swirling flow, and gas, water, and gravel are discharged simultaneously while swirling from the discharge port, and shear fracture that occurs when microbubbles are formed is used as a soil washing action The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein:
予めマイクロバブルを混合した前記水及び砂礫を前記導入口から導入する構成であることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。 The apparatus for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the water and sand gravel mixed with micro bubbles in advance are introduced from the inlet. 前記吐出口を有する本体の他端が、その中心に吐出口の開口と成る間隙部分を残した状態で且つその中心から放射状に配設固定した少なくとも3枚の板状体によって閉塞された構成であり、
該板状体の各々が、配設固定を解除して前記中心方向に向かって移動させることが可能であると共に着脱交換可能な構成であることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。
The other end of the main body having the discharge port is closed with at least three plate-like bodies arranged and fixed radially from the center while leaving a gap portion serving as an opening of the discharge port at the center. Yes,
Each of the plate-like body, to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that to release the disposed fixed a detachable interchangeable configurable with it can be moved toward the center direction The contaminated soil particle cleaning device described.
前記吐出口の外側周囲に、吐出口側から外側に向かって段々と直径が大となる同心円状の孔部を有する複数枚の板状体が積層状態で着脱交換可能に配設固定されることにより、前記吐出口から同心円状に段々と拡開する複数段の段差を設けてなる渦崩壊促進面部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置。 A plurality of plate-like bodies having concentric holes whose diameter gradually increases from the discharge port side toward the outside are disposed and fixed in a stacked state so as to be detachable and replaceable around the outer periphery of the discharge port. The contaminated soil particle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein a vortex collapse promoting surface portion is formed by providing a plurality of steps that expand concentrically from the discharge port. Cleaning equipment. 請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄装置を用い、汚染された砂礫を水と共にポンプ手段を用いて前記洗浄装置に送り、旋回流によって生じる遠心力と衝突による砂礫の通水路内での摩擦移動によって前記砂礫の表面を磨耗・剥離して洗浄することを特徴とする汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 The contaminated soil particle cleaning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein contaminated gravel is sent to the cleaning apparatus together with water using a pump means, and centrifugal force generated by swirling flow and passage of gravel due to collision are transmitted. A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles, wherein the surface of the gravel is worn and peeled off by frictional movement in a water channel. 前記洗浄装置を用いた砂礫の洗浄を複数回行う構成であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 9 , wherein the gravel is cleaned a plurality of times using the cleaning device. 前記洗浄装置を実質的に直列方向に直接的又は間接的に複数台配設することにより、前記水及び砂礫の一度の通水路の通過において複数回の洗浄を行う構成であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 A plurality of the cleaning devices are arranged in the series direction directly or indirectly, so that the cleaning is performed a plurality of times in one passage of the water and gravel. The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 10 . 前記複数回の洗浄が、1台の洗浄装置を用いて繰り返し洗浄を行う構成であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 12. The method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 11 , wherein the plurality of times of cleaning are configured to repeatedly perform cleaning using a single cleaning device. 前記複数回の洗浄が、汚染土壌の洗浄後に生成される洗浄後砂礫の汚染濃度の低下目標に見合う洗浄回数に設定することにより行う構成であることを特徴とする請求項10〜12のいずれかに記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 13. The structure according to claim 10 , wherein the plurality of times of washing are performed by setting the number of times of washing to meet a reduction target of the contamination concentration of the washed gravel generated after washing the contaminated soil. A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to claim 1. 前記複数回の洗浄が、汚染土壌の洗浄後に生成される洗浄後砂礫の汚染濃度の低下目標に見合う洗浄装置の配設台数に設定することにより行う構成であることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の汚染土壌粒子の洗浄方法。 Wherein the plurality of washing, according to claim 10, characterized in that a configuration of performing by setting the arrangement設台number of cleaning devices to meet the reduction target contamination concentration in the wash after the gravel generated after cleaning of contaminated soil or 11. A method for cleaning contaminated soil particles according to item 11 .
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