JP6086873B2 - 電気化学還元装置および、芳香族炭化水素化合物の水素化体の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学還元装置および、芳香族炭化水素化合物の水素化体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2475—Membrane reactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Description
<酸素発生用電極での電極反応>
3H2O→1.5O2+6H++6e−:E0=1.23V
<還元電極での電極反応>
トルエン+6H++6e−→メチルシクロヘキサン:E0=0.153V(vs RHE)
すなわち、酸素発生用電極での電極反応と、還元電極での電極反応とが並行して進行し、酸素発生用電極での電極反応によって、水の電気分解により生じたプロトンが電解質膜110を介して還元電極に供給され、還元電極での電極反応において、芳香族化合物の核水素化に利用される。
より詳しくは、還元電極120での電極電位を原料として用いる芳香族化合物の標準酸化還元電位E0以下にし、酸素発生用電極130の電極電位を酸素発生電位より高くすることで、電気化学反応を両極で進行させる。従って、本反応を進行させるのに必要な外部電場の電圧は、この電位差に、反応に要する過電圧、物質移動拡散の過電圧、電解質膜110の抵抗により生じる抵抗損失(オーミックロス)を足した電圧である。外部電場の電圧は、1.2〜2.4Vが好ましく、1.3〜2.0Vがより好ましく、1.35〜1.6Vが最も好ましい。外部電場の電圧が1.2Vより低いと、理論上、電極反応が進行しないため、芳香族化合物の核水素化を工業的に実施することが困難になる。また、外部電場の電圧が2.4Vより高い場合には、外部電場から与える電気エネルギーが過剰に必要になるため、エネルギー効率の観点から好ましくない。また、還元電極120側の電位が低下し過ぎることにより、芳香族化合物の核水素化以外の副反応(たとえば、水素発生)が進行する。一方、酸素発生用電極130側の電位が高くなり過ぎることにより、酸素発生用電極130に用いられる触媒の腐食が進行しやすくなる。
還元電極に用いられる触媒金属がPtであって、担体となる導電性化合物の種類が異なる実施例1〜8および比較例1、2の電解セルを用いて、トルエンの核水素化反応を行った場合の電流密度の経時変化を評価した。表1に実施例1〜8および比較例1、2の電解セルに用いた構成および成分を示す。
還元触媒金属の全質量:0.5mg/cm2
還元電極の電位:0mV(vs RHE)
イオノマー比(質量比I/C):1
図3は、実施例1および2、比較例1および2の電解セルにおける電流密度の経時変化を示すグラフである。なお、図3では、電流密度の初期値を1とした。図3に示すように、実施例1、2の電解セルは、100時間経過後においても、0.85以上の相対電流密度を示しており、芳香族化合物の核水素化体の生成反応の持続性に優れていることが確認された。これに対して、担体として導電性を有するケッチェンブラックを用いた比較例1、および担体として非導電性のSnO2を用いた比較例2では、時間が経過するに伴って相対電流値が徐々に減少した。
還元触媒金属の全質量:0.5mg/cm2
還元電極の電位:0mV(vs RHE)
イオノマー比(質量比I/C):1
Claims (8)
- イオン伝導性を有する電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜の一方の側に設けられ、アルキルベンゼンの核水素化反応を促進させる金属としての触媒金属と、前記触媒金属を担持する多孔性の導電性化合物とを還元触媒として含む還元電極と、
前記電解質膜の他方の側に設けられた酸素発生用電極と、
を備え、
前記触媒金属は、Pt、Pdの少なくとも一方を含み、
前記導電性化合物は、Ti、Zr、Nb、Mo、Hf、Ta、Wより選択される1種または2種以上の金属の酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、炭窒化物、あるいは炭窒化物の部分酸化物を含むことを特徴とする電気化学還元装置。 - 前記触媒金属は、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Ru、Sn、W、Re、Pb、Biから選択される1種または2種以上の金属をさらに含む請求項1に記載の電気化学還元装置。
- 前記導電性化合物が1.0×10−2S/cm以上の電気伝導度を有する請求項1または2に記載の電気化学還元装置。
- 前記還元電極がイオン伝導体を含む請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学還元装置。
- 前記イオン伝導体がイオン伝導性ポリマーである請求項4に記載の電気化学還元装置。
- 前記還元触媒が、前記イオン伝導体で部分的に被覆されている請求項4または5に記載の電気化学還元装置。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学還元装置の還元電極側に、アルキルベンゼンを導入し、酸素発生用電極側に水または加湿したガスを流通させ、還元電極が卑な電位、酸素発生用電極が貴な電位となるよう外部から電場を印加することで、還元電極側に導入されたアルキルベンゼンを核水素化することを特徴とする芳香族炭化水素化合物の水素化体の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の芳香族炭化水素化合物の水素化体の製造方法において、還元電極側へ導入する前記アルキルベンゼンを反応温度において液体の状態で導入する芳香族炭化水素化合物の水素化体の製造方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012012356 | 2012-01-24 | ||
JP2012012356 | 2012-01-24 | ||
PCT/JP2013/000332 WO2013111586A1 (ja) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-01-23 | 電気化学還元装置および、芳香族炭化水素化合物または含窒素複素環式芳香族化合物の水素化体の製造方法 |
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WO2014208019A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | メタノール生成装置、メタノールを生成する方法及びメタノール生成用電極 |
WO2015029361A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 電気化学還元装置および、芳香族化合物の水素化体の製造方法 |
JP6400986B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-28 | 2018-10-03 | 公立大学法人 富山県立大学 | 有機ハイドライド製造装置及び有機ハイドライド製造方法 |
JP6736048B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-08 | 2020-08-05 | Eneos株式会社 | 触媒層、膜電極接合体、電解セル及び触媒層の製造方法 |
DE102018212409A1 (de) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kohlenwasserstoff-selektive Elektrode |
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