JP6083552B2 - Method of manufacturing bearing blanks by cold forging - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing bearing blanks by cold forging Download PDFInfo
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- JP6083552B2 JP6083552B2 JP2011046791A JP2011046791A JP6083552B2 JP 6083552 B2 JP6083552 B2 JP 6083552B2 JP 2011046791 A JP2011046791 A JP 2011046791A JP 2011046791 A JP2011046791 A JP 2011046791A JP 6083552 B2 JP6083552 B2 JP 6083552B2
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- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012850 fabricated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
この発明は、冷間鍛造用の金型のパンチの形状をテーパー形状として冷間しごき成形することによりベアリング素形材を冷間にて製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a bearing blank in a cold manner by cold ironing with a cold forging die punch having a tapered shape.
従来のベアリング外輪の製造方法としては、ピルガー圧延もしくは引抜きにより製造した鋼管から冷間鍛造によりベアリング素形材を製造し、このベアリング素形材をベアリング外輪とベアリング内輪とに分離することで、ベアリング外輪を製造する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。この方法は、材料歩留りが良好であり、また、冷間鍛造の寸法精度の良好及び表面肌の良好な点を生かして後処理の切削処理を省略してコストの低減を図っている。さらに、シームレス鋼管から冷間鍛造によりベアリング外輪を製造する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照。）。この方法は冷間鍛造後の脱炭および疵の保証が可能で、寸法精度の良いベアリング素形材ができ、ベアリング素形材の外径面を客先で旋削する必要がなく、鍛造肌のままとすることができ、製造コストの低減ができ、また偏析に基因する内径部の剥離が回避できる等の効果を有する。 As a conventional method for manufacturing a bearing outer ring, a bearing element is manufactured by cold forging from a steel pipe manufactured by pilger rolling or drawing, and the bearing element is separated into a bearing outer ring and a bearing inner ring. A method for manufacturing an outer ring has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this method, the material yield is good, and by taking advantage of the good dimensional accuracy of cold forging and the good surface skin, the post-processing cutting process is omitted to reduce the cost. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a bearing outer ring from a seamless steel pipe by cold forging has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2). This method can guarantee decarburization and flaws after cold forging, can produce a bearing shape material with good dimensional accuracy, and does not require the customer to turn the outer diameter surface of the bearing shape material. Thus, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and peeling of the inner diameter portion due to segregation can be avoided.
さらに、上記の特許文献２の技術は、軸受鋼からなる鋼管を切断して形成したリング状素材をブランクとし、このブランクの内径面をパンチで冷間しごきにより成形して、ベアリング外輪素形材を製造する方法である。この方法は、弧状のアールを有するパンチを用いて冷間しごきによる加工部位を成形することで、弧状のアールを有する形状のベアリング外輪素形材としている。しかし、弧状のアールを有するパンチで成形する場合、母材の硬度の高い製品や、加工量の大きい製品を製造する際に、（１）加工部位に疵が発生する、（２）熱処理時の変形が大きくなる、（３）ファイバーフローが製品内部までアールに沿う形に形成されていない、等の問題があった。 Furthermore, the technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 uses a ring-shaped material formed by cutting a steel pipe made of bearing steel as a blank, and the inner diameter surface of this blank is formed by cold ironing with a punch. It is a method of manufacturing. This method forms a bearing outer ring shape material having an arc-shaped radius by forming a processing portion by cold ironing using a punch having an arc-shaped radius. However, when forming with an arc-shaped punch, when manufacturing a product with a high hardness of the base material or a product with a large amount of processing, (1) wrinkles are generated in the processing site, (2) during heat treatment There were problems such as large deformation and (3) the fiber flow was not formed in a shape that conforms to the inside of the product.
本願発明が解決しようとする課題は、上記の従来の問題を解消する方法であり、ベアリング外輪素形材の加工部位に生ずる疵を抑制し、また熱処理時の変形を抑制し、さらにベアリング外輪素形材の製品内部のファイバーフローを製品形状に沿って内部まで平行に形成したものとする製造方法を提案することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is a method for solving the above-mentioned conventional problems, which suppresses wrinkles generated at the machining part of the bearing outer ring shaped material, suppresses deformation during heat treatment, and further reduces the bearing outer ring element. It is to propose a manufacturing method in which the fiber flow inside the product of the profile is formed parallel to the inside along the product shape.
上記の課題を解決するための本発明の手段は、請求項１の手段では、冷間鍛造用の環状部からなるダイの中空部に、鋼管を切断して形成の環状部からなるリング状素材（以下、リング状素材を「ブランク」という。）を同心円状に配置し、さらに、このダイの中空部に配したブランクの上下に上パンチおよび下パンチを配設して該ダイに装着し、このダイと上パンチと下パンチとでブランクをしごき成形してベアリング外輪素形材を形成する方法である。そして、この手段として、前記上パンチは、ブランクの内径よりも大きく外径よりも小さい径の垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部を有し、この基部の円柱面の先端には、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθを２０°〜４０°とする１段の先細テーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部があり、この先細のテーパー部の先端部には、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部が備わっており、下パンチは、この上パンチと上下対称形状に形成されており、前記ブランクを、ブランクの内径面の上下各端部が上パンチのテーパー部と下パンチのテーパー部にそれぞれ接するように装着し、このブランクを上パンチおよび下パンチにより上下から押圧することで、ブランクの内径面を上下各パンチの基部円柱面及びテーパー面及び円形台部側壁面に当接させながら冷間しごき成形することによって、ベアリング外輪素形材の内径面に沿った鍛流線のファイバーフローをベアリング外輪素形材の内径の曲折に沿ってベアリング外輪素形材の内部まで平行状に褶曲させることで、内径部全体の歪の分布を均一に形成させることを特徴とする、強度の高い歪の抑制されたベアリング外径素形材の製造方法である。 The means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is that in the means of claim 1, a ring-shaped material comprising an annular part formed by cutting a steel pipe into a hollow part of a die comprising an annular part for cold forging. (Hereinafter, the ring-shaped material is referred to as "blank") is arranged concentrically , and further, an upper punch and a lower punch are arranged above and below the blank arranged in the hollow portion of this die and attached to the die, it is a method of forming a bearing outer ring preformed material by molding ironing a blank between the die and the upper and lower punches. And as this means, the upper punch has a right cylindrical base with a vertical cylindrical surface having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank and smaller than the outer diameter , and at the tip of the cylindrical surface of the base, There is a tapered portion formed of a single taper taper surface with an inclination θ of 20 ° to 40 ° with respect to a vertical cylindrical surface, and the tip of the tapered taper portion has a right circular cylindrical shape connected to the tapered portion. A base part is provided, and the lower punch is formed in a vertically symmetrical shape with the upper punch, and the upper and lower ends of the inner diameter surface of the blank are formed into a tapered part of the upper punch and a tapered part of the lower punch. The blanks are mounted in contact with each other, and the blank is pressed from above and below by the upper punch and the lower punch, so that the inner diameter surface of the blank is not brought into contact with the base cylindrical surface, the tapered surface, and the circular platform side wall surface of each upper and lower punch. I'll be molded Luo cold ironing, the fiber flow of the metal flows along the inner surface of the bearing outer ring preformed material to the inside of the bearing outer ring preformed material along the bending of the inner diameter of the bearing outer ring preformed material it is to fold in parallel form, characterized in that to uniformly form the distribution of the distortion of the entire inner diameter portion, a method of manufacturing a bearing outer径素profile with suppressed high strength strain.
請求項２の手段では、冷間鍛造用の環状部からなるダイの中空部に、鋼管を切断して形成の環状部からなるリング状素材（以下、リング状素材を「ブランク」という。）を同心円状に配置し、さらに、このダイの中空部に配したブランクの上下に上パンチおよび下パンチを配設して該ダイに装着し、このダイと上パンチと下パンチとでブランクをしごき成形してベアリング外輪素形材を形成する方法であって、前記上パンチは、ブランクの内径よりも大きく外径よりも小さい径の垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部を有し、この基部の円柱面の先端には、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 1 を５°〜２０°とする１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部と、この１段目の先細のテーパー部の先端からさらに、前記垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 2 を４０°〜７０°とする２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部があり、この２段目の先細のテーパー部の先端部には、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部が備わっており、下パンチは、この上パンチと上下対称形状に形成されており、前記ブランクを、ブランクの内径面の上下各端部が上パンチのテーパー部と下パンチのテーパー部にそれぞれ接するように装着し、このブランクを上パンチおよび下パンチにより上下から押圧することで、ブランクの内径面を上下各パンチの基部円柱面及びテーパー面及び円形台部側壁面に当接させながら冷間しごき成形することによって、ベアリング外輪素形材の内径面に沿った鍛流線のファイバーフローをベアリング外輪素形材の内径の曲折に沿ってベアリング外輪素形材の内部まで平行状に褶曲させることで、内径部全体の歪の分布を均一に形成させることを特徴とする、強度の高い歪の抑制されたベアリング外径素形材の製造方法である。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, a ring-shaped material consisting of an annular portion formed by cutting a steel pipe in a hollow portion of a die composed of an annular portion for cold forging (hereinafter, the ring-shaped material is referred to as “blank”). Arranged concentrically, and upper and lower punches are placed on the top and bottom of the blank placed in the hollow part of this die and attached to the die, and the blank is ironed with this die, upper punch and lower punch. The outer punch has a right cylindrical base with a vertical cylindrical surface having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank and smaller than the outer diameter. At the tip of the cylindrical surface of the base portion, a first taper taper portion comprising a first taper taper surface having an inclination θ 1 of 5 ° to 20 ° with respect to the vertical cylinder surface, and the first taper portion. The vertical cylindrical surface further from the tip of the taper portion The inclination theta 2 has tapered portion tapered at the second stage consisting of tapered tapered surface of the second stage to 40 ° to 70 °, the distal end of the tapered taper portion of the second stage, further thereto against The lower punch is formed in a vertically symmetrical shape with the upper punch, and the upper and lower ends of the inner diameter surface of the blank are tapered with the upper punch taper. The blank is mounted so as to be in contact with the tapered portion of the lower punch, and the blank is pressed from above and below by the upper punch and the lower punch so that the inner diameter surface of the blank is the base cylindrical surface, the tapered surface, and the circular base portion side wall surface of each upper and lower punch. By performing cold ironing while being in contact with the outer surface of the bearing outer ring, the flow of the forged wire along the inner diameter surface of the outer ring member of the bearing is changed along the bending of the inner diameter of the outer ring member of the bearing. The inside of the formed and fabricated material that is folded in parallel form, characterized in that to uniformly form the distribution of the distortion of the entire inner diameter portion, in the manufacturing method of the bearing outer径素profile with suppressed high strength strain is there.
本発明の手段の鋼管から切断したリング状素材のブランクをテーパー部を有する上下のパンチで冷間鍛造してベアリング外輪素形材を形成する方法において、もしパンチ加工部の形状がアールを有する形状の場合、加工時の材料の流動方向はパンチの押圧部の接線方向であるので、加工時の材料の流動方向はアール部の接線方向へと連続的に変化する、すなわち連続的に刻々とアール部の接線方向が変化するため、ずれを生じさせる力であるせん断力が大きくなり、材料が伸びて破断する。一方、パンチ加工部の形状がテーパー形状の場合、パンチと材料が接触する角度は一定であるため、ズレを生じさせる力が小さくなる。広範囲に材料は伸びて、局所的な材料の伸びすなわち歪は小さい。さらに、本発明の手段のテーパー部を有する上下のパンチで冷間鍛造して形成したベアリング外輪素形材は、加工硬化の程度が低減されており、素形材の内部まで平行にファイバーフローの鍛流線となっているので、疵の発生が抑制されており、しかも熱処理時の変形が抑制されているので、転動疲労寿命に優れたベアリング外輪素形材となっている。さらにリング状素材のブランクの内径よりも大きく外径よりも小さい径からなる垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部を有し、この基部の円柱面の先端には、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθを２０°〜４０°とする１段の先細テーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部を有するパンチで冷間鍛造して形成したベアリング外輪素形材は、内部まで平行にファイバーフローの鍛流線となっている。さらに、テーパーの角度θ1を５°〜２０°およびテーパーの角度θ2を４０°〜７０°と２段階の一定幅の角度であるテーパー面とすることで、リング状素材のブランクの内径面のしごき加工により、リング状素材のブランクはダイと上下のパンチ間で先ず高さ方向に充填され始め、次に高さ方向からの圧下で内径が張り出す。この際、ブランクが、テーパーの角度θ1 の５°〜２０°の狭い角度に接触することで内径が張り出しやすくなり、内径角不充足（いわゆるダレ）が解消でき、その後にさらにテーパーの角度θ2 の４０°〜７０°の広い角度に接触することで、素材の内径面の加工効率が向上し、かつ、より一層に内部まで平行にファイバーフローの鍛流線となって、転動疲労寿命により一層に優れたベアリング外輪素形材となっている。 In the method of forming a bearing outer ring shaped material by cold forging with an upper and lower punch having a tapered portion into a ring-shaped blank cut from a steel pipe of the means of the present invention, the shape of the punched portion is round In this case, since the flow direction of the material during processing is the tangential direction of the pressing portion of the punch, the flow direction of the material during processing continuously changes in the tangential direction of the round portion, that is, continuously. Since the tangential direction of the part changes, the shearing force, which is the force causing the shift, increases, and the material stretches and breaks. On the other hand, when the punched portion has a tapered shape, the angle at which the punch and the material come into contact is constant, so that the force that causes the shift is small. The material stretches over a wide area and the local material stretch or strain is small. Furthermore, the bearing outer ring shaped material formed by cold forging with the upper and lower punches having the tapered portion of the means of the present invention has a reduced degree of work hardening, and the fiber flow is parallel to the inside of the shaped material. Since it is a forged line, generation of wrinkles is suppressed, and deformation during heat treatment is suppressed, so that the bearing outer ring shape material has an excellent rolling fatigue life. Furthermore , it has a right columnar base portion with a vertical cylindrical surface having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank of the ring-shaped material and smaller than the outer diameter . The bearing outer ring shaped material formed by cold forging with a punch having a tapered taper portion with a single taper taper with an inclination θ of 20 ° to 40 ° is a fiber flow forging line parallel to the inside. It has become. Further, the taper angle θ 1 is 5 ° to 20 °, and the taper angle θ 2 is 40 ° to 70 °, which is a tapered surface having a constant width in two steps, so that the inner diameter surface of the ring-shaped blank is formed. By the ironing process, the blank of the ring-shaped material first begins to be filled in the height direction between the die and the upper and lower punches, and then the inner diameter protrudes under pressure from the height direction. At this time, when the blank comes into contact with a narrow angle of 5 ° to 20 ° of the taper angle θ 1 , the inner diameter easily protrudes, so that the inner diameter angle is not satisfied (so-called sagging), and then the taper angle θ is further increased. 2 makes contact with a wide angle of 40 ° to 70 °, which improves the machining efficiency of the inner diameter surface of the material, and further improves the flow fatigue life of the fiber flow in parallel to the inside. This makes the bearing outer ring shape material even better.
本発明を実施するための形態について、図面を参照して説明する。軸受鋼からなる鋼管を、その中心軸に対して直角に、所定の幅で突切して切断リングとした。これらの切断リングにショットブラストを施し、切断リングの内径面の端部に残る環状形のバリを除去した。このバリの除去後に、切断リングの外径面および内径面を所定の径に旋削して、表面の脱炭層および表面疵を除去して旋削リングとした。さらに、この旋削リングをショットブラストして、潤滑液が十分に切断リングのブランクの上に載るように表面積を拡大した後、潤滑処理としてリン酸塩処理であるボンデ処理（登録商標）を施して冷間鍛造前の、例えば、外径φ８５ｍｍ、内径φ６５ｍｍ、幅４７ｍｍの大きさのリング状素材１のブランクとした。 DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A steel pipe made of bearing steel was cut off at a predetermined width at a right angle to the central axis to form a cutting ring. Shot blasting was applied to these cutting rings to remove the annular burrs remaining at the ends of the inner diameter surfaces of the cutting rings. After removing this burr, the outer diameter surface and inner diameter surface of the cutting ring were turned to a predetermined diameter, and the decarburized layer and surface flaws on the surface were removed to obtain a turning ring. Further, this turning ring is shot blasted to increase the surface area so that the lubricating liquid is sufficiently placed on the blank of the cutting ring, and then subjected to bond treatment (registered trademark) which is a phosphate treatment as a lubricating treatment. For example, a blank of the ring-shaped material 1 having an outer diameter of 85 mm, an inner diameter of 65 mm, and a width of 47 mm before cold forging was used.
次いで、第１の実施の形態として、図１に示すように、このリング状素材１のブランクを用い、冷間鍛造用の環状部からなるダイ２の中空部に、リング状素材１を同心円状に配置して、上パンチ３の垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部３ａの垂直な円柱面３ｂの先端に続く１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃと下パンチ４の垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部４ａの基部の垂直な円柱面４ｂの先端に続く１段の先細のテーパー部４ｃの間にリング状素材１のブランクを装着した。このときダイ２に装着したリング状素材１のブランクの上に上パンチ３を配設し、同ブランクの下に下パンチ４を配設してダイ２に装着した。これらの上パンチ３と下パンチ４について、詳細に説明する。上パンチ３は、リング状素材１のブランクの内径よりも大きく、かつ、外径よりも小さい径を有する垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部３ａの基部の垂直な円柱面３ｂの先端に、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθを２０°〜４０°とする１段の先細テーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃと、先細のテーパー部３ｃの先端部に、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部３ｆからなっている。一方、下パンチ４は、上パンチ３と上下を対称とした形状からなっており、リング状素材１のブランクの内径よりも大きく、かつ、外径よりも小さい径を有する垂直な円柱面（垂直周面）を備えた直円柱状の基部４ａの基部の垂直な円柱面４ｂの先端に、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθを２０°〜４０°とする１段の先細テーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部４ｃと、先細のテーパー部４ｃの先端部に、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部４ｆからなり、これらの先細のテーパー部３ｃと先細のテーパー部４ｃの間に、上記のリング上素材のブランクを装着しており、これらを図１に示す。これらダイ２と、ダイ２に装着した上パンチ３と下パンチ４を用いて、それぞれの基部３ａおよび基部４ａの間に装着したリング状素材１のブランクを加圧し、ダイ２と上パンチ３と下パンチ４により冷間しごき成形を行って、図４の（ａ）に示す、内径面５ａにテーパー部５ｂを有するベアリング外輪素形材５を製造した。 Next, as shown in FIG. 1, as a first embodiment, using the blank of the ring-shaped material 1, the ring-shaped material 1 is concentrically formed in the hollow portion of the die 2 formed of an annular portion for cold forging. The taper taper part 3c which consists of a taper taper surface of one step following the front-end | tip of the perpendicular | vertical cylindrical surface 3b of the right columnar base 3a provided with the perpendicular | vertical cylindrical surface of the upper punch 3, and the lower punch 4 The blank of the ring-shaped material 1 was mounted between the taper part 4c of the 1 step | paragraph which followed the front-end | tip of the perpendicular | vertical cylindrical surface 4b of the base part of the right cylindrical part 4a provided with the perpendicular | vertical cylindrical surface . At this time, the upper punch 3 was disposed on the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 mounted on the die 2, and the lower punch 4 was disposed below the blank and mounted on the die 2. The upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 will be described in detail. The upper punch 3 is a tip of a vertical cylindrical surface 3b of a base of a right cylindrical base 3a having a vertical cylindrical surface having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 and smaller than the outer diameter. Further, a tapered portion 3c having a single tapered surface with an inclination θ of 20 ° to 40 ° with respect to a vertical cylindrical surface, and a straight columnar shape connected to the tip of the tapered portion 3c. It consists of a circular platform 3f . On the other hand, the lower punch 4 has a shape that is symmetrical with the upper punch 3 in the vertical direction, and is a vertical cylindrical surface (vertical) having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 and smaller than the outer diameter. A taper taper comprising a single taper taper surface having an inclination θ of 20 ° to 40 ° with respect to the vertical cylinder surface at the tip of the vertical cylinder surface 4b of the base of the right columnar base 4a having a peripheral surface) 4c and a tapered base 4c at the tip of the tapered portion 4c, and a circular columnar portion 4f connected to the tapered portion 4c, and the above-mentioned ring on the ring between the tapered portion 3c and the tapered portion 4c. Material blanks are mounted and these are shown in FIG. Using these dies 2, the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 mounted on the die 2, the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 mounted between the base 3 a and the base 4 a is pressed, and the die 2, the upper punch 3, Cold ironing was performed by the lower punch 4 to produce a bearing outer ring shaped member 5 having a tapered portion 5b on the inner diameter surface 5a shown in FIG.
さらに、第２の実施の形態として、図２に示すように、上記と同様にリング状素材１のブランクを用い、冷間鍛造用の環状部からなるダイ２の中空部に、リング状素材１を同心円状に配置して、上パンチ３の１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄと下パンチ４の１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄの間にリング状素材１のブランクを配設してダイ２内に装着した。この場合、このダイ２に装着したリング状素材１のブランクの上に上パンチ３を配設し、同ブランクの下に下パンチ４を配設してそれぞれをダイ２に装着した。これらの上パンチ３と下パンチ４について、詳細に説明する。上パンチ３は、リング状素材１のブランクの内径よりも大きく、かつ、外径よりも小さい径を有する垂直な円柱面（垂直周面）を備えた直円柱状の基部３ａの基部の垂直な円柱面３ｂの先端に、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 1 を５°〜２０°とする１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄと、この１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄの先端からさらに、前記垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 2 を４０°〜７０°とする２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅと、この２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅの先端部に、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部３ｆからなっている。一方、下パンチ４は、上パンチ３と上下を対称とした形状からなっており、リング状素材１のブランクの内径よりも大きく、かつ、外径よりも小さい径を有する垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部４ａの基部の垂直な円柱面４ｂの先端に、垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 1 を５°〜２０°とする１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄと、この１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄの先端からさらに、前記垂直な円柱面に対する傾きθ 2 を４０°〜７０°とする２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅと、この２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅの先端部に、さらにこれに連なる直円柱状の円形台部４ｆからなっている。これらを図２に示す。これらダイ２と、ダイ２に装着した上パンチ３と下パンチ４を用いて、上パンチ３の１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄおよび２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅと、下パンチ４の１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄおよび２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅとの間に装着したリング状素材１のブランクを加圧して、ダイ２と上パンチ３と下パンチ４により冷間しごき成形を行い、図４の（ｂ）に示す、内径面６ａに１段目のテーパー部６ｂと２段目のテーパー部６ｃを有するベアリング外輪素形材６を製造した。 Further, as a second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a blank of the ring-shaped material 1 is used in the same manner as described above, and the ring-shaped material 1 is formed in the hollow portion of the die 2 formed of an annular portion for cold forging. Are arranged concentrically, and the first step taper portion 3d composed of the first step taper taper surface of the upper punch 3 and the first step taper surface composed of the first step taper taper surface of the lower punch 4 are arranged . A blank of the ring-shaped material 1 was disposed between the tapered portions 4 d and mounted in the die 2 . In this case, the upper punch 3 was disposed on the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 mounted on the die 2, and the lower punch 4 was disposed below the blank, and each was mounted on the die 2. The upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 will be described in detail. The upper punch 3 is perpendicular to the base portion of the base portion 3a of a right cylindrical shape having a vertical cylindrical surface (vertical circumferential surface) having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 and smaller than the outer diameter. the tip of the cylindrical surface 3b, a tapered portion 3d of the tapered inclination theta 1 of 5 ° to 20 ° with the first-stage tapered first stage consisting of a tapered surface which for vertical cylindrical surface, No tapered this first stage From the tip of the taper portion 3d, a second taper taper portion 3e comprising a second taper taper surface having an inclination θ 2 with respect to the vertical cylindrical surface of 40 ° to 70 °, and the second step taper portion 3e. The tip of the taper taper portion 3e is further formed of a circular columnar portion 3f that is connected to the tip of the right column . On the other hand, the lower punch 4 has a shape which is symmetrical with the upper punch 3 in the vertical direction, and has a vertical cylindrical surface having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the blank of the ring-shaped material 1 and smaller than the outer diameter. The first step taper surface comprising a first step taper surface having an inclination θ 1 of 5 ° to 20 ° with respect to the vertical column surface at the tip of the vertical column surface 4b at the base of the straight columnar base 4a . A taper portion 4d and a second step taper surface comprising a second step taper surface with an inclination θ 2 of 40 ° to 70 ° with respect to the vertical cylindrical surface from the tip of the first step taper taper portion 3d . The taper portion 4e is tapered, and the tip of the taper portion 4e at the second stage is formed with a circular columnar portion 4f that is connected to the tip . These are shown in FIG. Using these dies 2, the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 4 mounted on the die 2, the first taper taper portion 3 d and the second taper taper portion 3 e of the upper punch 3, and the lower punch 4 The blank of the ring-shaped material 1 mounted between the first taper taper portion 4d and the second taper taper portion 4e is pressed and cold squeezed by the die 2, the upper punch 3, and the lower punch 4. Molding was performed to manufacture a bearing outer ring shaped member 6 having a first-stage tapered portion 6b and a second-stage tapered portion 6c on the inner diameter surface 6a shown in FIG. 4 (b).
上記した本発明の、図４の（ａ）に示す、第１の実施の形態である内径面５ａにテーパー部５ｂを有するベアリング外輪素形材５を形成する方法、あるいは、図４の（ｂ）に示す、第２の実施の形態である内径面６ａに１段目のテーパー部６ｂおよび２段目のテーパー部６ｃを有するベアリング外輪素形材６を形成する方法に対比して、図５に示す、従来法の内径面１５ａにアール部１５ｂを有するベアリング外輪素形材５の形成方法について説明する。従来法における、図３に示すように、環状部からなるダイ１２と、周縁にアール部１３ａを有する上パンチ１３と、この上パンチ１３と上下対称形状である、周縁にアール部１４ａを有する下パンチ１４を用い、上パンチ１３の周縁のアール部１３ａと下パンチ１４の周縁のアール部１４ａの間に、リング状素材１のブランクを挟持してダイ１２に装着し、次いで、上パンチ１３および下パンチ１４によりリング状素材１のブランクを加圧し、ダイ１２と上パンチ１３および下パンチ１４の間で、冷間しごき成形を行って、図５に示すように、アール部１５ｂを内径面１５ａに有するベアリング外輪素形材１５を製造した。 The method of forming the bearing outer ring shaped member 5 having the tapered portion 5b on the inner diameter surface 5a according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4A of the present invention described above or (b) of FIG. In contrast to the method of forming the bearing outer ring shaped member 6 having the first-stage tapered portion 6b and the second-stage tapered portion 6c on the inner diameter surface 6a according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. A method for forming the bearing outer ring shaped member 5 having the rounded portion 15b on the inner diameter surface 15a of the conventional method will be described. In the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 3, a die 12 having an annular portion, an upper punch 13 having a rounded portion 13 a at the peripheral edge, and a bottom having a rounded portion 14 a at the peripheral edge, which is vertically symmetrical with the upper punch 13. Using the punch 14, a blank of the ring-shaped material 1 is sandwiched between the rounded portion 13 a at the peripheral edge of the upper punch 13 and the rounded portion 14 a at the peripheral edge of the lower punch 14, and mounted on the die 12. The blank of the ring-shaped material 1 is pressurized by the lower punch 14, and cold ironing is performed between the die 12, the upper punch 13, and the lower punch 14, and as shown in FIG. The bearing outer ring shape member 15 is manufactured.
本発明の第１の実施の形態である、図１に示す、１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部を有する上パンチ３および１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部４ｃを有する下パンチ４により製造された、ベアリング外輪素形材５の一部断面を、図４の（ａ）に示した。図４の（ａ）に見られるように、冷間しごき成形による加工部位の歪５ｄの歪は２の程度に抑制されている。さらに、歪５ｄの分布も内径部全体に均一化されている。ところで、この加工後の歪５ｄの現象は、材料延性の向上を意味するため、加工時に発生するキズすなわちクラックを抑制することが可能となる。このように１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃを有する上パンチ３および１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部４ｃを有する下パンチ４を使用して冷間しごき成形した場合、この加工部分の歪５ｄが低減して均一化することから、後工程の熱処理時に発生する不均一変形を抑制することが可能となる。ここで不均一変形とは、熱処理時の鋼の変態、歪の解放に伴う変形を意味し、歪が均一であれば、この不均一変形も抑制できる。 The first embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 1, is an upper punch 3 having a taper taper portion having a single taper taper surface and a taper taper portion 4c having a single taper taper surface. A partial cross section of the bearing outer ring shaped member 5 manufactured by the lower punch 4 having the shape shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 4A, the distortion of the distortion 5d of the processed part by cold ironing is suppressed to about 2. Furthermore, the distribution of strain 5d is also made uniform throughout the inner diameter portion. By the way, since the phenomenon of the strain 5d after processing means improvement of material ductility, it becomes possible to suppress scratches, that is, cracks generated during processing. Thus cold ironing using the lower punch 4 having a tapered portion 4c tapered consisting tapered surface of the tapered punch 3 and one stage above having a tapered tapered portion 3c consists of tapering of the tapered surface of the first stage In this case, since the strain 5d of the processed portion is reduced and uniformized, it is possible to suppress non-uniform deformation that occurs during the heat treatment in the subsequent process. Here, the non-uniform deformation means a transformation associated with the transformation and strain release of the steel during the heat treatment. If the strain is uniform, the non-uniform deformation can be suppressed.
次に、本発明の第２の実施の形態である、図２に示す、１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄと２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅを有する上パンチ３および１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄと２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅを有する下パンチ４により製造された、ベアリング外輪６の一部断面を、図４の（ｂ）に示した。図４の（ｂ）に見られるように、冷間しごき成形による加工部位の歪６ｄの歪は２の程度に抑制されている。さらに、歪６ｄの分布も内径部全体に均一化されている。これらの点は第１に実施の形態と同様であるので、この加工後の歪６ｄの現象は、素径材の延性の向上を意味し、加工時に発生するキズすなわちクラックを抑制することが可能となる。このように１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄとその先の２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅを有する上パンチ３および１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄとその先の２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅを有する下パンチ４を使用して冷間しごき成形した場合、この加工部分の歪６ｄが低減して均一化することから、後工程の熱処理時に発生する不均一変形も抑制することが可能となる。この場合も第１の実施の形態と同様に、不均一変形とは、熱処理時の鋼の変態、歪の解放に伴う変形を意味し、歪が均一であれば、この不均一変形も抑制できる。 Next, as shown in FIG. 2, which is the second embodiment of the present invention, the first stage taper portion 3d composed of the first stage taper taper surface and the second stage taper surface composed of the second taper taper surface. The upper punch 3 having the taper taper portion 3e and the first taper taper portion 4d composed of the first taper taper surface and the second taper taper portion 4e composed of the second taper taper surface. A partial cross section of the bearing outer ring 6 manufactured by the lower punch 4 having the shape shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 4B, the distortion of the processed portion strain 6d due to cold ironing is suppressed to about 2. Further, the distribution of the strain 6d is also made uniform over the entire inner diameter portion. Since these points are the same as in the first embodiment, the phenomenon of strain 6d after processing means improvement of ductility of the raw material, and it is possible to suppress scratches or cracks that occur during processing. It becomes. Thus, the upper punches 3 and 1 having the first taper taper portion 3d composed of the first taper taper surface and the second taper taper portion 3e composed of the second taper taper. Cold using a lower punch 4 having a first taper taper portion 4d composed of a first taper taper surface and a second taper taper portion 4e composed of a second taper taper surface. In the case of ironing, since the strain 6d of the processed portion is reduced and uniformized, it is possible to suppress non-uniform deformation that occurs during heat treatment in a subsequent process. Also in this case, as in the first embodiment , the non-uniform deformation means the transformation of the steel during the heat treatment and the deformation accompanying the release of the strain. If the strain is uniform, the non-uniform deformation can be suppressed. .
一方、従来の、図３に示す、アール部１３ａを有する上パンチ１３およびアール部１４ａを有する下パンチ１４により製造された、ベアリング外輪素形材１５の断面を、図５に示した。図５に見られるように、冷間しごき成形による加工部位の歪１５ｄの歪は３の程度であり、当該のアール部１３ａおよびアール部１４ａに大きな歪が集中している。このように歪が集中している部位は加工硬化の程度も大きくなっている。 On the other hand, FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a bearing outer ring shaped member 15 manufactured by the conventional upper punch 13 having the rounded portion 13a and the lower punch 14 having the rounded portion 14a shown in FIG. As seen in FIG. 5, the strain 15d of the processed portion by cold ironing is about 3, and large strains are concentrated on the round portion 13a and the round portion 14a. Thus, the degree of work hardening is large in the part where the strain is concentrated.
上記したように、１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃを有する上パンチ３および１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部４ｃを有する下パンチ４でしごき成形して製造したベアリング外輪素形材５、あるいは、さらに１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部３ｄと２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部３ｅを有する上パンチ３および１段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部４ｄと２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部４ｅを有する下パンチ４でしごき成形して製造したベアリング外輪素形材６は、熱処理時の鋼の変態で歪が均一化し低減しているので、加工硬化の程度は小さく、製品加工部の最大硬度はビッカース硬さで約３３０Ｈｖであった。これに対して、従来のアール部１３ａを有する上パンチ１３およびアール部１４ａを有する下パンチ１４でしごき成形して製造した、５図に示すベアリング外輪素形材１５は、当該の内径面１５ａのアール部１５ｂに歪１５ｄが集中して大きいので、加工硬化の程度も大きい。したがって、製品化後の加工部の最大硬度を測定した場合、この従来のアール部を有するパンチで加工したものは、ビッカース硬さで約３９０Ｈｖであった。一方、本発明におけるテーパー部を有するパンチで加工した製品化後の加工部の最大硬度は、１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃによるものは、ビッカース硬さで約３３０Ｈｖであった。したがって、この１段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部３ｃを有するパンチでしごき成形して製造のベアリング外輪素形材は硬さを約１５％低下できた。 As described above, the upper punch 3 having a taper taper portion 3c made of a single taper taper surface and the lower punch 4 having a taper taper portion 4c made of a single taper taper surface are formed by ironing. The bearing outer ring shape member 5 or the first-stage taper taper portion 3d composed of the first-stage taper taper surface and the second-stage taper taper portion 3e composed of the second-stage taper taper surface. Ironing is performed by the lower punch 4 having the upper punch 3 and the first taper taper portion 4d composed of the first taper taper surface and the second taper taper portion 4e composed of the second taper taper surface. The bearing outer ring shaped material 6 manufactured in this way has a uniform and reduced strain due to the transformation of steel during heat treatment, so the degree of work hardening is small, and the maximum hardness of the product processed part is about 3 Vickers hardness. 30 Hv. On the other hand, the bearing outer ring shaped material 15 shown in FIG. 5 manufactured by ironing with the upper punch 13 having the conventional rounded portion 13a and the lower punch 14 having the rounded portion 14a is formed on the inner diameter surface 15a. Since strain 15d is concentrated on the rounded portion 15b, the degree of work hardening is also large. Therefore, when the maximum hardness of the processed part after commercialization was measured, what was processed with this conventional punch having a rounded part was about 390 Hv in terms of Vickers hardness. On the other hand, the maximum hardness of a processed part processed with a punch having a tapered part according to the present invention is about 330 Hv in terms of Vickers hardness due to the tapered part 3c consisting of a single tapered stage. It was. Therefore, the bearing outer ring shaped member manufactured by ironing with the punch having the tapered portion 3c having the one-step tapered surface can reduce the hardness by about 15%.
上記のように、アール部を有するパンチでしごき成形して、大きく加工硬化すると、変形する部分が大きく加工硬化した部分が限定される。しかしながら、本願発明の先細のテーパー部を有するパンチでしごき成形すると、歪の局所集中が抑制されるため、変形する部分は限定的にならず、加工部位よりも深い部位の製品の内部まで変形が及ぶようになる。 As described above, when ironing is performed with a punch having a rounded portion and greatly hardened by work, a portion where the deformed portion is greatly hardened by work is limited. However, when ironing with a punch having a tapered tapered portion of the present invention, since local concentration of strain is suppressed, the portion to be deformed is not limited, and deformation to the inside of the product at a portion deeper than the processed portion is possible. It reaches.
ところで、製品であるベアリング外輪素形材を旋削してベアリング外輪にしたとき、ベアリング外輪素形材の内部に存在する鍛流線であるファイバーフローは、部品であるベアリング外輪の転動面に沿って平行になっていることがより望ましいと言われている。しかし、一般的に、鍛造製品は旋削時の取代を付けた状態で製品設計される。そこで、鍛造製品のファイバーフローは、製品のより内部まで表面形状に沿って平行に形成されていることが望ましい。この観点からみると、本願発明の先細のテーパー部を有するパンチでしごき成形した製品は、加工硬化の程度が低減できているので、図６の（ａ）に見られるように、ファイバーフローが製品のより内部まで平行に形成されている。ところが、従来のアール部を有するパンチでしごき成形した製品は、加工硬化の程度が大きいので、図６の（ｂ）に見られるように、ファイバーフローが製品の転動面に沿う表面部の近辺で形成されているに過ぎない。したがって、本願発明の先細のテーパー部を有するパンチでしごき成形して製造した製品は、従来のアール部を有するパンチでしごき成形して製造した製品に比して、より内部まで平行に形成されたファイバーフローとなっているので、より転動疲労寿命に優れたベアリング外輪素形材となっている。 By the way, when turning the bearing outer ring shape material, which is a product, into a bearing outer ring, the fiber flow, which is a forging line existing inside the bearing outer ring shape material, follows the rolling surface of the bearing outer ring, which is a component. It is said that it is more desirable to be parallel. However, in general, forged products are designed with the allowance for turning. Therefore, it is desirable that the fiber flow of the forged product is formed in parallel along the surface shape to the inside of the product. From this point of view, the product formed by ironing with the punch having the tapered portion of the present invention can reduce the degree of work hardening, so that the fiber flow is the product as shown in FIG. It is formed in parallel to the inner part. However, since the product formed by ironing with a punch having a conventional round portion has a high degree of work hardening, as shown in FIG. 6B, the fiber flow is near the surface portion along the rolling surface of the product. It is only formed by. Therefore, the product manufactured by ironing with the punch having the tapered portion of the present invention was formed in parallel to the inside as compared with the product manufactured by ironing with the punch having the conventional rounded portion. Since it has a fiber flow, it is a bearing outer ring shape material with a better rolling fatigue life.
１ リング状素材
２ ダイ
３ 上パンチ
３ａ 垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部
３ｂ 基部の垂直な円柱面
３ｃ １段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部
３ｄ １段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部
３ｅ ２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部
３ｆ 直円柱状の円形台部
４ 下パンチ
４ａ 垂直な円柱面を備えた直円柱状の基部
４ｂ 基部の垂直な円柱面
４ｃ １段の先細のテーパー面からなる先細のテーパー部
４ｄ １段目の先細テーパー面からなる１段目の先細のテーパー部
４ｅ ２段目の先細テーパー面からなる２段目の先細のテーパー部
４ｆ 直円柱状の円形台部
５ ベアリング外輪素形材
５ａ 内径面
５ｂ テーパー部
５ｄ 歪
６ ベアリング外輪素形材
６ａ 内径面
６ｂ １段目のテーパー部
６ｃ ２段目のテーパー部
６ｄ 歪
θ 垂直面に対するテーパー面の角度
θ1 垂直面に対する１段目のテーパー面の角度
θ2 垂直面に対する２段目のテーパー面の角度
１２ ダイ
１３ 上パンチ
１３ａ アール部
１３d 先端の円形台部
１４ 下パンチ
１４ａ アール部
１４d 先端の円形台部
１５ ベアリング外輪素形材
１５ａ 内径面
１５ｂ アール部
１５ｄ 歪
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ring-shaped raw material 2 Die 3 Upper punch 3a Right columnar base part 3b with a vertical cylindrical surface 3b Vertical cylindrical surface 3c A taper taper part 3d which consists of a 1 step taper taper surface 1st taper taper 1st taper taper part 3e consisting of a surface 2e taper taper part 2f consisting of a second taper taper surface 4f circular columnar part 4 lower punch 4a straight circle with a vertical cylinder surface Columnar base portion 4b Vertical cylindrical surface of base portion 4c Tapered taper portion 4d consisting of a first step taper taper surface First taper taper portion 4e consisting of a first step taper taper surface Second step taper taper surface The taper part 4f of the 2nd step | paragraph which consists of 5 Round shape part 5 of a right cylinder shape Bearing outer ring | wheel element 5a Inner diameter surface 5b Taper part 5d Distortion 6 Bearing outer ring element 6a Inner diameter surface 6b First step taper part 6 c Second stage taper portion 6d Distortion θ Angle of taper surface with respect to vertical surface θ 1 Angle of first step taper surface with respect to vertical surface θ 2 Angle of second step taper surface with respect to vertical surface 12 Die 13 Upper punch 13a R Part 13d Circular base part at the tip 14 Lower punch 14a Round part 14d Circular base part at the tip 15 Bearing outer ring element 15a Inner diameter surface 15b Round part 15d Strain
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| CN114178451A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-15 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Blank manufacturing method for Ti64 titanium alloy forging with C-shaped section |
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| JPS58116924A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1983-07-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Manufacture of cylindrical formed product |
| JP2755716B2 (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1998-05-25 | エヌティエヌ株式会社 | Forging of double row ball bearing outer ring material |
| JP3285927B2 (en) * | 1992-05-25 | 2002-05-27 | エヌティエヌ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of split bearing ring |
| JP3720922B2 (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 2005-11-30 | 光洋精工株式会社 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing double row bearing |
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