JP6056949B1 - Seed and seedling culture water for crustaceans such as shrimp, crab and giant clam, and seedling culture method using this - Google Patents
Seed and seedling culture water for crustaceans such as shrimp, crab and giant clam, and seedling culture method using this Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【課題】 魚類の養殖には成功を収めた養殖水ではあるが、エビのような甲殻類の種苗生産に利用しても好ましい結果は得られない。ゾエア幼生の発育が遅れ、期待したほどの種苗の収穫量が得られないので、養殖コストは高くついて採算性に難点がある。【解決手段】 養殖水に所定量のストロンチウムやヨウ素、あるいは臭素、またはそれらの幾つかを添加して甲殻類幼生のカルシウム代謝を促進し、脱皮を円滑に進行させて成長を促進し収量を増やす。【選択図】なしPROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: Although it is an aquaculture water that has been successfully used for aquaculture of fish, favorable results cannot be obtained even if it is used for seedling production of crustaceans such as shrimps. Since the growth of zoea larvae is delayed and the expected yield of seedlings cannot be obtained, the cost of aquaculture is high and the profitability is difficult. SOLUTION: A predetermined amount of strontium, iodine, bromine, or some of them is added to the aquaculture water to promote calcium metabolism in crustacean larvae and promote molting smoothly to promote growth and increase yield. . [Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、生産性に優れたエビやカニ、シャコ等の甲殻類の種苗養殖水とこの養殖水を用いた種苗の養殖方法、とりわけ、汽水域から海水域までの生育環境を適時に再現し様々に変化させながらエビからカニ、シャコにいたる多種類の甲殻類種苗を選択的に且つ自在に養殖管理でき、種苗を好適に生育させて収量を増やすことのできる廉価な種苗養殖水とこれを用いた種苗の養殖方法に関係している。 The present invention reproduces the seedling culture water of shellfish such as shrimp, crab, and giant shrimp with excellent productivity and the seedling culture method using this culture water, in particular, the growth environment from brackish water to seawater in a timely manner. A variety of shellfish seedlings from shrimp to crabs and giant clams can be selectively and freely cultivated while changing variously, and inexpensive seedling culture water that can grow seedlings properly and increase yield It is related to the seedling culture method used.
本明細書で言うところの「種苗」とは、卵の形態から始まり幼生その他の生育過程を経て親と同じ体型をした稚エビや稚ガニとして過ごし、最終的に親エビや親ガニにいたる過程の被養殖対象物を総称したものである。 The term “seed seedling” as used in this specification refers to the process of starting from the shape of an egg, passing through larvae and other growth processes, and living as juvenile shrimp and juvenile crabs that have the same body shape as the parent, and eventually reaching parent shrimp and parent crabs. This is a collective term for all cultured objects.
人工的な養殖に関与する期間は、種苗生育の一時期または全過程を通じてのもので連続している必要はない。 The period involved in artificial aquaculture does not have to be continuous over one or all stages of seedling growth.
また、以下の説明にある飼育溶液の「希釈」とは、養殖水に淡水を混入させてする操作を意味するだけでなく、塩分濃度差のある複数の養殖水を混ぜ合わせて最終的に塩分濃度を下げる溶液の扱い方も含む概念である。 In addition, “dilution” of the breeding solution in the following description not only means the operation of mixing fresh water into the aquaculture water, but also a plurality of aquaculture waters with different salinity concentrations are mixed together to finally obtain the salinity. It is a concept that includes how to handle a solution that lowers the concentration.
以下、エビ類を例にとり説明する。クルマエビ、バナメイエビ、ブラックタイガー(ウシエビ)等の消費者に馴染みのあるエビ類は天然ものに加えて海岸養殖施設で飼育量産されたものも多く出回っている。養殖エビの飼育原価は、親エビの購入費、餌代や施設運転管理費に加えて、養殖海水の入手費用とその輸送経費、劣化した海水の処理費用等が含まれ固定経費の負担分が大きい。管理面からも細心の注意を払わなければならない養殖用海水は手間のかかる飼育資材だけに、その運用の煩雑さもあいまって施設のランニングコストが嵩み、その結果、養殖産品の市場価格は高価にならざるを得ないのが現状である。 Hereinafter, explanation will be made by taking shrimp as an example. Shrimp familiar to consumers, such as prawns, vaname shrimp, and black tiger shrimp, are many that have been mass-produced in coastal aquaculture facilities in addition to natural ones. The cost of aquaculture shrimp includes the purchase cost of parental shrimp, feeding costs and facility operation and management costs, as well as the cost of obtaining and transporting cultured seawater, the cost of processing degraded seawater, etc. large. Seawater for aquaculture, which requires careful attention from the management side, is not only a laborious breeding material, but also the complexity of its operation increases the facility's running cost, resulting in high market prices for aquaculture products. The current situation is unavoidable.
したがって、本発明の狙いは、養殖に不可欠とされてきた海水に代わるものとして、人工的に配合した試薬の溶液、顆粒状試薬、粉末状試薬を用い自在に塩分濃度調整を行える低廉な飼育水を提供しようとするものである。
扱いやすく利便性に優れた安価な養殖水を利用できれば、刻一刻と変化する飼育環境にも微妙に適合させられ、しかも所望の濃度と内容の養殖水を養殖手順の時系列に沿って迅速に準備できることになる。Therefore, the aim of the present invention is an inexpensive breeding water that can freely adjust the salt concentration using artificially formulated reagent solutions, granular reagents, and powder reagents as an alternative to seawater that has been indispensable for aquaculture. Is to provide.
If you can use inexpensive aquaculture water that is easy to handle and convenient, you can subtly adapt it to the ever-changing aquaculture environment, and quickly supply the aquaculture water with the desired concentration and content according to the timeline of the aquaculture procedure. You will be ready.
こうした養殖水の性能に加えて、本発明の更なる狙いは、希釈海水による種苗飼育に優る収穫量を獲得することにある。
種苗の成長に適した病気に罹りにくい生育環境の中で成長速度を高めて、人工的な養殖水ながら希釈海水によるものより高い種苗収穫量を実現しようとするものである。In addition to the performance of such aquaculture water, a further aim of the present invention is to obtain a yield that is superior to breeding seedlings with diluted seawater.
It is intended to increase the growth rate in a growth environment that is difficult to suffer from diseases suitable for seed and seedling growth, and to achieve a higher seed and seed yield than that obtained from diluted seawater while using artificial aquaculture water.
養殖に要する資材費と運用経費のコストダウンを達成し、養殖性能を向上させることに加えて、本発明によれば、養殖水の用途を広く甲殻類全般に適用できる融通のきく養殖水に仕立てることができる。塩分濃度の即時的(臨機応変かつ迅速)な塩分濃度調整機能を付与することで、飼育困難とされてきたカニ養殖も操作条件は緩和され飼育の難易度を下げることができる。ズワイガニやタラバガニのような養殖困難とされていたものを含めて甲殻類全般の養殖に広く適用できる。 In addition to achieving cost reductions in material and operational costs required for aquaculture and improving aquaculture performance, according to the present invention, the aquaculture water can be widely used for a wide range of crustaceans and tailored to flexible aquaculture water. be able to. By providing an immediate (adaptive and rapid) salinity adjustment function of the salinity, the crab farming, which has been considered difficult to rear, can be relaxed and the difficulty of rearing can be reduced. It can be widely applied to the cultivation of crustaceans, including those that have been considered difficult to grow, such as snow crab and king crab.
淡水に少ない種類の僅かな量の電解質を加えた低コストの飼育水は、本件出願人による革新的な養殖資材として周知である。現在に至るまで様々な水性生物に試験的に使用され、その実績を踏まえ多様な淡水性や海水性の魚種について実用規模での養殖実験が行われてきた。 Low-cost breeding water, which is obtained by adding a small amount of a small amount of electrolyte to fresh water, is well known as an innovative aquaculture material by the applicant. To date, it has been used experimentally for various aquatic organisms, and based on its achievements, a variety of freshwater and seawater fish species have been subjected to aquaculture experiments on a practical scale.
この飼育水(以下、好適環境水という)は多くの有用な性能を備えている。例えば、好適環境水を使用して魚類を飼育すると、体内で浸透圧調整にエネルギーを費やす必要がなくなり、その分のエネルギーを生育に転嫁できるために成長が促進され、飼育期間が短縮され促成養殖が可能となる。このことは、トラフグやニホンウナギの養殖により既に実証されている。 This breeding water (hereinafter referred to as suitable environmental water) has many useful performances. For example, when fish are raised using suitable environmental water, it is no longer necessary to spend energy on osmotic pressure adjustment in the body, and that amount of energy can be transferred to growth, so that growth is promoted and the breeding period is shortened to promote aquaculture Is possible. This has already been demonstrated by farming trough puffers and Japanese eels.
しかも、海水性生物にとっては海水由来の病原体が存在しないため、病気の発生が大幅に減少する利点も検証され確認されている。好適環境水を使用した養殖手法を採用すれば、抗生物質のような薬剤の使用を皆無にでき、魚類養殖の出荷量は安定的に増加し売上高も増えて高い利益率が得られる。 Moreover, since there are no seawater-derived pathogens for seawater organisms, the advantage of greatly reducing the occurrence of diseases has been verified and confirmed. Adopting a culture technique using suitable environmental water can eliminate the use of drugs such as antibiotics, and the shipment volume of fish farming can be increased stably, resulting in a high profit rate.
これまでにヒラメ、キジハタ、シマアジ、クエなど10種を越える魚種の無投薬での養殖が行われてきており、いずれの品目も卸魚市場に出荷され好評を博している。ちなみに、完全な無投薬で無毒の「岡山理大フグ(岡山理科大学が養殖試験棟で飼育したフグ)」として販売され料理屋で食されているフグ「刺身」は、事故例が後を絶たない天然漁獲フグの食習慣の歴史を塗り替える話題の食材として注目され魚愛好家達の話題をさらっている。 So far, over 10 species of fish such as flounder, pheasant grouper, striped horse mackerel and cucumber have been cultivated without medication, and all items have been shipped to the wholesale fish market and have been well received. By the way, a completely non-medicine and non-toxic "Okayama Ridai Fugu (Fugu raised by the Okayama University of Science in the aquaculture test building)" and blown at a restaurant, the puffer fish "sashimi" has never been lost. It attracts attention as a topical ingredient that changes the history of food habits of natural fish pufferfish, and it has exposed the topic of fish lovers.
好適環境水による養殖魚は市場関係者からも見栄えと味については申し分なしとする評価を得て、既に商業規模での試験生産に移行し着々と実績を積んで今日に至っている。市場性に富む魚種を選択的に大量生産できる優れたビジネスモデルとして高い評価がされ、また食の安全を担保できる魚養殖は消費者からの期待も大きい。 The aquaculture fish using suitable environmental water has been evaluated by the market officials as being excellent in terms of appearance and taste, and has already been steadily transferred to trial production on a commercial scale. It is highly regarded as an excellent business model capable of selectively mass-producing fish species with high marketability, and fish farming that can ensure food safety has high expectations from consumers.
本件出願人による好適環境水の代表的なものは、カルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加して作られている。現状の商業規模養殖では、好適環境水に含まれるカルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム等のそれぞれの濃度は天然海水中の濃度を大きく下回り、塩分量はごく少量ですむため養殖水費用は安くすみ、管理も容易なので養殖施設の運用コストは大幅に節減できる。数千トンから数万トンの大型の水槽施設では、甚だしい量の塩化物材料が不要となり著しいコストダウンが図られるので事業の収益性に大きく貢献することができる。 Representative of the preferred environmental water by the present applicant is made by adding calcium, potassium and sodium chlorides to tap water, rain water, river water or ground water. In the current commercial scale aquaculture, the concentration of calcium, potassium, sodium, etc. contained in the suitable environmental water is much lower than the concentration in natural seawater, and the amount of salinity is very small, so the cost of aquaculture water is low and management is also easy Because it is easy, the operating cost of the aquaculture facility can be greatly reduced. Thousands of tons of tens of thousands of tons of large aquarium facilities can greatly contribute to the profitability of the business because a significant amount of chloride material is not required and the cost is significantly reduced.
本件出願人が使用してきた従来の好適環境水には幾つかの形態がある。そのうちのある形態によれば、好適環境水は、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加して作られた水溶液にして、比重は1.004以上で溶液に含まれるナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムのそれぞれの濃度が天然海水中の濃度以下となるように、これらナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムを天然海水中の存在比と同じ比率で含有している魚類等の海水性生物の人工飼育に用いる飼育水である。 There are several forms of conventional suitable environmental water that the applicant has used. According to a certain form, the preferred environmental water is an aqueous solution made by adding sodium, calcium and potassium chloride to tap water, rain water, river water or ground water, and has a specific gravity of 1.004 or more. The concentration of sodium, calcium, and potassium contained in the water is less than or equal to the concentration in natural seawater. It is a breeding water used for artificial breeding of organisms.
好適環境水は、他の形態によれば、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加してなる水溶液にして、カルシウムが0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムが0.09419g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムは水溶液の比重が1.004以上になる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下となる範囲で含有している魚類等の海水性生物の人工飼育に用いる飼育水である。 According to another embodiment, the preferred environmental water is an aqueous solution obtained by adding sodium, calcium, and potassium chloride to tap water, rainwater, river water, or groundwater, and the calcium content is 0.1002 g / L or more in natural seawater. The concentration of potassium is 0.09419 g / L or higher, the concentration in natural seawater is lower than the concentration of sodium, and the concentration of aqueous solution is 1.004 or higher to the concentration in natural seawater or less. It is a breeding water used for artificial breeding of marine aquatic organisms.
好適環境水は、別の形態によれば、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加し、水中にカルシウムを0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムを0.09419g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、残りのナトリウムは水溶液の比重が1.004になる濃度であるような水溶液乃至は、この水溶液の前記成分量を0.25倍まで薄めてなるフグ類の人口飼育に用いる飼育水である。 According to another embodiment, the preferred environmental water is sodium, calcium, potassium chloride added to tap water, rain water, river water or ground water, and calcium is contained in water at a concentration of 0.1002 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater. An aqueous solution in which the concentration of potassium is 0.09419 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, and the remaining sodium is at a concentration at which the specific gravity of the aqueous solution becomes 1.004, or the amount of the component of this aqueous solution is up to 0.25 It is a breeding water used for the breeding of pufferfish.
好適環境水は、その他の形態によれば、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加してなり、塩化ナトリウム7.0587g/L、塩化カルシウム2水和塩0.3641g/L、塩化カリウム0.18125g/Lを溶解させて得られる略1.004の比重の水溶液の濃度から、塩化ナトリウム1.781g/L、塩化カルシウム2水和塩0.092g/L、塩化カリウム0.045g/Lを溶解させた時の水溶液の濃度の範囲で用いられるフグ類の人口飼育に用いる飼育水である。 According to other embodiments, the preferred environmental water is obtained by adding sodium, calcium and potassium chloride to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater, and sodium chloride 7.0588 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate. From the concentration of an aqueous solution having a specific gravity of approximately 1.004 obtained by dissolving 0.3641 g / L and potassium chloride 0.18125 g / L, sodium chloride 1.781 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.092 g / L It is a breeding water used for the breeding of pufferfish used in the range of the concentration of the aqueous solution when potassium chloride 0.045 g / L is dissolved.
ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムに加えて、マグネシウムを予め添加しておくかどうかは選択的である。マグネシウムは水槽内の藻類のクロロフィルとして養殖槽の底や壁面に、また浮遊物として比較的多量に存在している。水槽内環境からマグネシウムを摂取できないか不充分であるとするなら、マグネシウムは必須の添加試薬として扱われる。マグネシウム塩化物を追加的に水槽内に投入する等の操作を含めて、マグネシウムの取扱いについては養殖水槽の槽内環境に合わせての選択事項である。 In addition to sodium, calcium and potassium, it is optional to add magnesium in advance. Magnesium is present in a relatively large amount as chlorophyll of algae in the aquarium, on the bottom and walls of the aquaculture tank, and as floating matter. If magnesium cannot be taken or insufficient from the aquarium environment, magnesium is treated as an essential additive. Handling of magnesium, including operations such as adding magnesium chloride into the aquarium, is a matter of choice according to the aquaculture tank environment.
マグネシウムを事前に添加しておく場合、好適環境水は、溶液の比重が少なくとも1.004以上となる条件のもとで、溶液に含まれるカルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムのそれぞれの濃度が天然海水中の濃度以下となるように、これらカルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムを天然海水中の存在比と同じ比率で含有させておくことができる。 When magnesium is added in advance, the preferred environmental water has a concentration of calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium contained in the solution under the condition that the specific gravity of the solution is at least 1.004 or more. These calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium can be contained at the same ratio as the existing ratio in natural seawater so that the concentration is not more than the medium concentration.
また、マグネシウムを事前に添加しておく場合、好適環境水には、カルシウムが0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムが0.09419g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、マグネシウムが0.167g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムは水溶液の比重が1.004以上になる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下となる範囲で含有させておくことができる。 In addition, when magnesium is added in advance, the preferred environmental water has a calcium content of 0.1002 g / L or more and a concentration in natural seawater, a potassium content of 0.09419 g / L or more and a concentration in natural seawater, and magnesium. Sodium can be contained in a range from 0.167 g / L or more to the concentration in natural seawater, and sodium from the concentration at which the specific gravity of the aqueous solution is 1.004 or more to the concentration in natural seawater.
あるいは、マグネシウムを事前に添加しておく場合、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウムの塩化物を水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加し、水中にカルシウムを0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムを0.09419g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、マグネシウムを0.167g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、残りのナトリウムは水溶液の比重が1.004になる濃度であるような水溶液乃至は、この水溶液の前記成分量を0.25倍まで薄めてなる飼育水として仕立てておくことができる。 Alternatively, when magnesium is added in advance, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium chloride is added to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater, and calcium is contained in natural seawater in water at least 0.1002 g / L. The concentration is below 0.09419 g / L or more in natural seawater, the concentration of magnesium is 0.167 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, and the remaining sodium has a concentration that makes the specific gravity of the aqueous solution 1.004. Can be prepared as breeding water by diluting the component amount of the aqueous solution to 0.25 times.
なお、本明細書でいうところの溶液の比重とは、ボーメ比重計(赤沼式比重計JIS規格B7572)で測定される養殖水温下での水槽内の実測値である。天然海水とは、厳密には養殖エビ類原産地付近の海域の海水を指している。この天然海水の「天然」とは「人工海水」の「人工」に対する識別の用語として用いている。天然海水中のカルシウムと、カリウムと、ナトリウムのイオン濃度は概ね0.412g/kg、0.399g/kg、10.75g/kgが参考値である。これらイオン値の相対的な比率は存在比を表わし、具体的には、0.412:0.399:10.75の比率ということになる。 In addition, the specific gravity of the solution as used in this specification is the actual measurement value in the water tank under the culture water temperature measured with the Baume hydrometer (Akanuma hydrometer JIS standard B7572). Strictly speaking, natural seawater refers to seawater in the vicinity of the farmed shrimp origin. The term “natural” in natural seawater is used as a term for distinguishing “artificial seawater” from “artificial”. The reference values of ion concentrations of calcium, potassium, and sodium in natural seawater are approximately 0.412 g / kg, 0.399 g / kg, and 10.75 g / kg. The relative ratio of these ion values represents the abundance ratio, specifically, the ratio of 0.412: 0.399: 10.75.
局所水域ごとの濃度管理ではボーメ比重計による手法が手慣れているため多くの者がこの手法を汎用しているが、明細書の以下の説明では、溶液中の塩分濃度の表示法として、比重の記載に代えて電気伝導度の比率から求めるpsu(実用塩分単位:practical salinity unit)を使用することとする。 In the concentration management for each local water area, many people use this method widely because the method using the Baume hydrometer is familiar, but in the following description of the specification, the specific gravity is indicated as a method for displaying the salinity concentration in the solution. Instead of the above description, psu (practical salinity unit) obtained from the ratio of electrical conductivity is used.
以下の説明では、標準的な天然海水の塩分濃度は概ね33psu付近にあるものとした。 In the following description, it is assumed that the salinity of standard natural seawater is approximately in the vicinity of 33 psu.
先に説明にある「好適環境水」の比重下限域1.004は概ね6psuに相当する扱いとしているが、実際には5psuを基点にこれを監視数値として希釈側と濃縮側に跨って管理運用する方法がより実際的である。また、水溶液成分量を0.25倍に薄めた飼育液は1.5psuとなるが、安全性を重視した現場での運用実績からはこの飼育濃度下限域は概ね2psuとみなしている。 The specific gravity lower limit area 1.004 of “preferable environmental water” described earlier is treated as roughly equivalent to 6 psu, but in practice it is managed and operated across the dilution side and the concentration side using 5 psu as a monitoring point. The way to do is more practical. The breeding solution in which the amount of the aqueous solution component is diluted by 0.25 times is 1.5 psu. However, based on the actual operation in the field with an emphasis on safety, this breeding concentration lower limit range is regarded as approximately 2 psu.
魚類の養殖には成功を収めた好適環境水ではあるが、残念なことに、エビのような甲殻類の種苗生産に利用しても好ましい結果は得られていない。好適環境水を使用してエビ類の飼育をおこなったところ、希釈海水による飼育よりも種苗の収穫量は大幅に減少する結果となった。ゾエア幼生の発育が遅れ、期待したほどの種苗の収穫量が得られないため、養殖コストは高くついて採算性に難点がある。好適環境水の持つ本来のメリットはエビ類の種苗生産に生かせないでいる。 Although it is a suitable environmental water that has been successfully used for fish farming, unfortunately, it has not yielded favorable results when used for the production of shrimp and other crustaceans. When shrimp were bred using suitable environmental water, the yield of seedlings was significantly reduced compared to breeding with diluted seawater. Since the growth of zoea larvae is delayed and the expected yield of seedlings cannot be obtained, the aquaculture costs are high and the profitability is difficult. The original merits of suitable environmental water cannot be used for shrimp seedling production.
好適環境水の特徴である材料費と運転管理費のコストダウン、良好な衛生環境下での飼育、養殖期間の短縮といった魚類に対する優れた優位性を活かしながら、水質をエビやカニ等の甲殻類の種苗養殖に適応させ種苗の生産性を高めるかが本発明の課題である。 Crustacea such as shrimp and crab, etc. while taking advantage of superior advantages over fish such as cost reduction of material and operation management costs, which are the characteristics of suitable environmental water, breeding in a good sanitary environment, and shortening the cultivation period It is an object of the present invention to increase the productivity of seedlings by adapting to seedling cultivation.
好適環境水を用いた養殖試験結果と、希釈海水による養殖試験結果を比較することで本発明が解決しようとする課題について詳細に説明する。 The problem to be solved by the present invention will be described in detail by comparing the results of the aquaculture test using the suitable environmental water and the aquaculture test result using the diluted seawater.
好適環境水は養殖する対象物の生理的な特徴を考慮に入れて成分の配合設計がされる。
溶液の取扱いに際し、淡水で希釈すれば溶液濃度は低下し個々の成分の濃度も一律に低下する。試薬を単品で追加投入すればその成分濃度を単独で補正することができるので、成分相互の濃度比率は変化する。希釈と濃縮の操作が加われば個々の塩分濃度の時限的時期的な管理が可能になり、濃度の下限域は生育状況の時節に合わせて調整することができる。この成分調整は種苗の生育状態をモニターしながら逐次的に行なわれるが、種苗の日齢に歩調を合わせてする濃度補正や飼育水槽相互の濃度調整のような作業形態がある。The suitable environmental water is designed with the components in consideration of the physiological characteristics of the object to be cultured.
When handling the solution, if diluted with fresh water, the concentration of the solution decreases and the concentration of each component also decreases uniformly. If the reagent is additionally added as a single product, the concentration of the component can be corrected independently, so that the concentration ratio between the components changes. If the operation of dilution and concentration is added, individual salinity concentration can be controlled in a timely manner, and the lower limit of concentration can be adjusted according to the time of growth. This component adjustment is performed sequentially while monitoring the growth state of the seedlings, but there are work forms such as concentration correction to keep pace with the age of seedlings and concentration adjustment between breeding tanks.
比較対象とされる好適環境水の配合組成については、例えば以下のようなものが考えられる。具体的には、
概ね0.1002乃至0.225g/Lの下限域以上天然海水中の濃度以下のカルシウムと、概ね0.09419乃至0.07065g/Lの下限域以上天然海水中の濃度以下のカリウムと、溶液の塩分濃度が6psuになる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下となるナトリウムからなる溶液、もしくは、For example, the following can be considered as a composition of suitable environmental water to be compared. In particular,
Calcium having a concentration of about 0.1002 to 0.225 g / L or more and lower than the concentration in natural seawater, potassium having a concentration of about 0.09419 to 0.07065 g / L or more and lower than the concentration in natural seawater, A solution consisting of sodium whose salinity is 6 psu or less than that in natural seawater, or
概ね0.1002乃至0.225g/Lの下限域以上天然海水中の濃度以下のカルシウムと、概ね0.09419乃至0.07065g/Lの下限域以上天然海水中の濃度以下のカリウムと、概ね0.167乃至0.12525g/Lの下限域以上天然海水中の濃度以下のマグネシウムと、溶液の塩分濃度が6psuになる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下となるナトリウムからなる溶液である。 Calcium below the lower limit of about 0.1002 to 0.225 g / L and below the concentration in natural seawater, about potassium below the lower limit of about 0.09419 to 0.07065 g / L and below the concentration in natural seawater, and about 0 A solution composed of magnesium having a lower limit of 167 to 0.12525 g / L and lower than the concentration in natural seawater, and sodium having a salt concentration of 6 psu and lower than that in natural seawater.
カルシウム濃度0.1002g/Lは好適環境水の下限域の濃度である。養殖する対象物の生理的な特徴に見合う下限域の量とした。カルシウム摂取量の多いものの下限域は約2倍増量の0.225g/Lとしたが、こうした濃度領域は溶液を準備する段階での濃度であるから、希釈操作により必要な濃度に調整され使用される前段階での濃度である。 A calcium concentration of 0.1002 g / L is a concentration in the lower limit region of suitable environmental water. It was set as the amount of the lower limit range suitable for the physiological characteristics of the object to be cultured. Although the lower limit of the amount of calcium intake is set to 0.225 g / L, which is about twice as much, the concentration range is the concentration at the stage of preparing the solution. This is the concentration at the previous stage.
濃度6psuの溶液は淡水で3倍に希釈すれば2psu濃度の溶液が得られ、12psuで準備した溶液であれば2倍の希釈により6psuの溶液に速やかに改質することができる。 A solution with a concentration of 6 psu can be obtained by diluting 3 times with fresh water to obtain a solution with a concentration of 2 psu, and a solution prepared at 12 psu can be quickly modified to a solution with a concentration of 6 psu by double dilution.
以下の飼育方法の説明からも明らかなように、種苗の飼育段階を長いスパンで見れば、各成分は低い濃度から高い濃度の領域の選択された範囲内で変化させながら使用され一定していないことが多い。 As is clear from the explanation of the breeding method below, when the breeding stage of the seedlings is seen in a long span, each component is used while changing within the selected range from the low concentration to the high concentration region. There are many cases.
この成分濃度の調整が自在に行えることは好適環境水ならではの特色である。 The ability to freely adjust the component concentration is a unique feature of suitable environmental water.
比較試験に用いた好適環境について、多くの海水性生物に適用してきた多様な配合比の中でも脱皮する品種についてはカルシウムの配合比を高めに設定したものを用意し希釈海水との比較実験に使用した。 Regarding the suitable environment used for the comparative test, among the various blending ratios that have been applied to many marine organisms, for the cultivated varieties, those with higher calcium blending ratios are prepared and used for comparative experiments with diluted seawater did.
甲殻類用の好適環境水には、ナトリウム塩の素材として、例えば、無水試薬の塩化物であるナトリウム10.63g/L、カルシウム塩の素材として、例えば、塩化カルシウム2水和塩1.31g/L、カリウム塩の素材として、例えば、塩化カリウム0.271g/L、マグネシウム塩の素材として、例えば、硫酸マグネシウム1.27g/Lが使われている。 Suitable environmental waters for crustaceans include sodium salt materials such as sodium chloride, which is an anhydrous reagent chloride, and calcium salt materials such as calcium chloride dihydrate 1.31 g / liter. As a material of L, potassium salt, for example, potassium chloride 0.271 g / L, and as a material of magnesium salt, for example, magnesium sulfate 1.27 g / L are used.
その結果、好適環境水の溶液中には、養殖水温の下でナトリウム4.162g/L、カルシウム0.45g/L、カリウム0.141g/L、マグネシウム0.251g/Lが溶存し、塩分濃度は12psuの溶液に調整されている。 As a result, 4.162 g / L of sodium, 0.45 g / L of calcium, 0.141 g / L of potassium and 0.251 g / L of magnesium are dissolved in the solution of the suitable environmental water under the temperature of the aquaculture water, and the salinity concentration Is adjusted to a solution of 12 psu.
説明の便宜上、飼育対象にはオニテナガエビを選定し、12psuの溶液を幼生飼育時期の好適環境水として取り扱うこととする。 For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the shrimp is selected as a breeding target, and a 12 psu solution is handled as a suitable environmental water at the larval breeding time.
表記成分組成の12psu溶液は、親エビの抱卵時の低濃度から始まり、ゾエア幼生、ポストラーバ、稚エビの生育環境に合わせて適宜に塩分濃度は希釈側に調整され、また必要に応じて濃縮側に加工される。 The 12 psu solution of the indicated component composition starts with a low concentration at the time of incubation of the parent shrimp, and the salt concentration is appropriately adjusted to the dilution side according to the growth environment of zoea larvae, post-rava and juvenile shrimp, and the concentration side if necessary To be processed.
淡水を追加すれば任意の濃度まで希釈することは容易であるが、いったん希釈し増量した飼育水を濃縮していくには以前にも増して多量の塩化物を使用しなければならなくなることがあるので、養殖規模が大きくなければ塩分濃度の異なる複数の養殖水槽を使い分けたほうが実際に即したやり方である。 If fresh water is added, it is easy to dilute to any concentration, but once the diluted and increased breeding water is concentrated, it may be necessary to use a larger amount of chloride than before. Therefore, if the aquaculture scale is not large, it is more practical to use multiple aquaculture tanks with different salinities.
養殖規模が大型化するにつれて、その都度の飼育水の製造や塩分濃度の変更は手間のかかる作業となっていく。したがって、現場作業では濃度を高める操作を前提として予め低めの濃度の溶液を準備しておき、必要に応じてその都度、塩化物を適量混入しながら飼育水の塩分濃度を漸増させていく方法を採るか、あるいは希釈使用を前提として予め高めの濃度の溶液を準備しておくことの選択肢も考慮される。 As the scale of aquaculture grows larger, the production of breeding water and the change of salt concentration each time are time-consuming work. Therefore, in the field work, a method of preparing a solution with a low concentration in advance on the premise of increasing the concentration, and gradually increasing the salinity concentration of the breeding water while mixing an appropriate amount of chloride as necessary. The option of taking a solution or preparing a high concentration solution in advance on the premise of diluting is also considered.
種苗の種類により生育段階ごとに適当とされる塩分濃度に設定するとして、その濃度は淡水の濃度領域から天然海水の濃度以下の範囲内で適宜調整され品種固有の濃度範囲で使い分けられる。種苗の晒される溶液の濃度範囲は広く、淡水に近い2psuの時期もある。通常では濃度の上限は天然海水の濃度以下の領域にある。 Assuming that the salinity concentration appropriate for each growth stage is set according to the kind of seedlings, the concentration is appropriately adjusted within the range from the concentration range of fresh water to the concentration of natural seawater or less, and is properly used within the concentration range specific to the variety. The concentration range of the solution to which seedlings are exposed is wide, and there is a time of 2 psu close to fresh water. Usually, the upper limit of concentration is in the region below the concentration of natural seawater.
表記12psu好適環境水を用いてした養殖試験結果と、同じ12psuの希釈海水による養殖試験結果を比較したものが以下の表1に示されている。
比較試験に供した甲殻類のオニテナガエビは幼生の飼育管理が特に難しいとされる品種である。この比較実験は、ふ化後の初期幼生が段階的な成長ステージを経て形態変化していき、最終的にポストラーバへと生育していく過程を比較検証し、希釈海水に対する好適環境水の成果の優劣を数値化している。Table 1 below shows a comparison of the results of the aquaculture test using the 12 psu preferred environmental water and the results of the same 12 psu diluted seawater.
The crustacean giant shrimp used in the comparative test is a variety that is considered to be particularly difficult to keep larvae. In this comparative experiment, the initial larvae after hatching undergoes a gradual growth stage and undergoes a morphological change and finally grows into a post-rava. Is quantified.
実験用ゾエア幼生を採取するためのオニテナガエビの抱卵親エビは、カンボジア国プレイベン州(State of Prey Veng)バティ(Bati)にて捕獲したものを使用した。
前記好適環境水と比較する天然海水は、カンボジア国南部の港湾都市シアヌークビル(Sihanoukville)に近いタイランド湾(Gulf of Thailand)海域から採取した。As the parental shrimp for collecting experimental zoea larvae, those caught in State of Prey Veng, Bati, Cambodia were used.
Natural seawater compared with the preferred environmental water was collected from the Gulf of Thailand sea area near Sihanoukville, a port city in the southern part of Cambodia.
天然の希釈海水と好適環境水の比較試験は、両者のpsu塩分濃度、水槽容量、飼育手順、収容密度、飼育期間、給餌についてすべて同一の条件下で実施した。飼育水の水質については閉鎖循環ろ過システムを通過させながらモニタリングがされ、飼育環境が常に一定に保たれるように監視した。 The comparative tests of natural diluted seawater and suitable environmental water were conducted under the same conditions for both psu salinity, tank capacity, breeding procedure, housing density, breeding period, and feeding. The quality of the breeding water was monitored while passing through a closed circulation filtration system so that the breeding environment was always kept constant.
水質の管理は、水温28〜31℃、DO5.5mg/l以上、pH7.00以上、総アンモニア1mg/l以下、亜硝酸1mg/l以下を基準とした。 Water quality was controlled based on a water temperature of 28 to 31 ° C., DO 5.5 mg / l or more, pH 7.00 or more, total ammonia 1 mg / l or less, and nitrous acid 1 mg / l or less.
実験の遂行にあたり、好適環境水と希釈海水の養殖性能試験は以下のようにして行われた。
先ず、抱卵親エビを入手し淡水中で飼育することから始められる。
日々の飼育で抱卵色を観察し、卵が褐色に変化し眼点を持つようになった段階で親エビは6psuの希釈海水の水槽に移しかえられる。この6psuの希釈海水中で抱卵親エビからふ化したゾエア尾数を容積法により算出し、12,000尾ずつを12psuの好適環境水の水槽と12psuの希釈海水の水槽に収容し、それぞれを一定期間飼育して最終的に収穫できたポストラ―バ(稚エビ)の総数を生残率として算出した。In carrying out the experiment, the aquaculture performance test of suitable environmental water and diluted seawater was conducted as follows.
First of all, you can start by obtaining the parental shrimp and raising them in fresh water.
Observing the incubation color in daily breeding, the parent shrimp is transferred to a 6 psu dilute seawater tank when the egg turns brown and has an eye point. The number of zoea tails hatched from the parent shrimp in this 6 psu diluted seawater is calculated by volumetric method, and 12,000 fish are housed in a 12 psu suitable environmental water tank and 12 psu diluted seawater tank, respectively, for a certain period The total number of post-larvae that were raised and finally harvested was calculated as the survival rate.
養殖日数については、ゾエアの成長段階を同定し変態ステージを確定しながらポストラ―バ取り上げの収穫時期を決定した。最終的には、ふ化ゾエアの収容日は日齢0日とし、成長段階を把握しながら日齢32日目をポストラ―バの収穫日とした。発育遅れによりポストラ―バまで成長できなかった残存するゾエア数もカウントされている。ポストラーバの尾数と残留するゾエアの数を12,000尾から差し引けば死んだり共食いにあって喪失したゾエア数が求められる。 Regarding the number of aquaculture days, the harvest stage of post-raba picking was determined while identifying the growth stage of zoea and determining the transformation stage. Eventually, the storage date of the hatched zoea was 0 days of age, and the 32nd day of age was taken as the post-rover harvest day while grasping the growth stage. The number of remaining zoea that could not grow to post-labour due to growth delays is also counted. By subtracting the number of post-rava tails and the number of remaining zoea from 12,000 fish, the number of zoea lost due to death or cannibalism can be determined.
好適環境水でゾエア幼生を飼育した場合、32日飼育期間を経て12,000尾のゾエアはその11.9%の1,424尾がポストラ―バにまで生育したものの1,772尾が未成熟のゾエア幼生のまま取り残され、ポストラ―バと発育遅れのゾエアが混在した状態で生存している。 When zoea larvae were bred in suitable environmental water, 12,000 zoea were grown for 11.9%, 1,424 chicks were grown to post-labour, and 1,772 chicks were immature after 32 days The zoea larvae are left behind and live in a mixed state of post-labour and delayed zoea.
希釈海水の場合、32日飼育期間を経て12,000尾のゾエアはその31.6%に相当する3,791尾がポストラ―バに生育し、420尾が残留する結果となった。 In the case of diluted seawater, 12,000 zoea, after 3 days of breeding, resulted in 3,791 breeds, 31.6% of which were grown in post-labour, and 420 fish remained.
好適環境水による養殖実験の成果は、汎用されてきた希釈海水の持つ養殖能力に比べて甚だしく劣っている。
2倍近いポストラ―バ収量の差は好適環境水が未だ実用段階に達していないことを示唆しており、同種の骨格構造を持つ他の甲殻類でも同様の結果になることが想定される。The results of the aquaculture experiment using suitable environmental water are far inferior to the aquaculture ability of dilute seawater, which has been widely used.
The difference in yield of post-rubber nearly twice suggests that suitable environmental water has not yet reached the practical stage, and it is expected that similar results will be obtained with other crustaceans with similar skeletal structures.
結論として、甲殻類の養殖において、前述した好適環境水を希釈海水の代替品とすることはできない。
好適環境水の持つ本来の優位性を活かしつつ収穫量を増やし採算性に富む養殖を実現しようとするならば、従来の好適環境水にさらなる改良を加える必要がある。In conclusion, the preferred environmental water mentioned above cannot be used as a substitute for diluted seawater in crustacean aquaculture.
If it is intended to realize aquaculture that increases the yield and is profitable while taking advantage of the original superiority of the suitable environmental water, it is necessary to further improve the conventional suitable environmental water.
好適環境水の性能改善の課題を解決するために、本件出願人は、甲殻類の生育に資する成分であり追加的に添加すべき新たな要素が存在するのではないかと考え、好適環境水との併用により生育環境に大きく関与する不可欠の成分について探索し評価してきた。 In order to solve the problem of improving the performance of suitable environmental water, the present applicant considers that there is a new element that contributes to the growth of crustaceans and should be added, and We have searched and evaluated indispensable components that are greatly involved in the growth environment.
その結果、好適環境水との併用で種苗の生育に顕著な好影響を与える成分としてストロンチウム、ヨウ素、そして臭素を発見するにいたったものである。ストロンチウムとヨウ素については、それらの単独使用による養殖の成果がそれぞれに特別顕著に認められ、好適環境水の有用性を際立つものにできる。添加要素である臭素についても、その使用結果については、ストロンチウムそしてヨウ素それぞれによる成果と同等の結果が得られている。 As a result, strontium, iodine, and bromine have been discovered as components that have a significant positive effect on seedling growth in combination with suitable environmental water. As for strontium and iodine, the results of aquaculture by their single use are remarkably recognized in each, and the usefulness of suitable environmental water can be emphasized. With regard to bromine, which is an additive element, the results of its use are the same as those obtained with strontium and iodine.
表2は、表1に示す12psu好適環境水の養殖試験結果と、新たな添加要素のストロンチウムを加えた時の12psu好適環境水(以下、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水という)による養殖試験結果とを比較したものである。 Table 2 compares the results of the aquaculture test of 12 psu suitable environmental water shown in Table 1 with the results of the aquaculture test of 12 psu suitable environmental water (hereinafter referred to as strontium-added preferred environmental water) when a new additive element, strontium, is added. It is a thing.
ストロンチウムの添加量は概ね1.89ppm付近から7.80ppmの範囲で良好な成果の得られることが判明した。溶液中のストロンチウム濃度は好適環境水の希釈により低下するので、必要に応じ滴定管理するなどしてこの必要量を確保するようにされる。 It has been found that good results can be obtained when the amount of strontium added is in the range of approximately 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm. Since the concentration of strontium in the solution decreases due to dilution of suitable environmental water, this necessary amount is ensured by performing titration management as necessary.
この比較実験により注目すべき結果が得られている。
この表2の比較実験は、表1の比較実験および以下に表示する表3の比較実験と同時並行して行われている。実験対象の種苗品種はすべて同じもので、抱卵親エビの採取エリア、塩分濃度、水量、飼育方式、収容密度、水質の管理基準、飼育期間についても表1、表2、表3は同一の条件下で実施した。 The comparative experiment of Table 2 is performed in parallel with the comparative experiment of Table 1 and the comparative experiment of Table 3 shown below. Seedlings and cultivars of the experiment are all the same. Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 have the same conditions for the collection area of shrimp parent shrimp, salinity, water volume, breeding method, housing density, water quality management standard, and breeding period. Conducted below.
表2からは、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水で飼育した場合、32日飼育期間を経て12,000尾のゾエアはその36.4%に相当する4,370尾がポストラ―バまで生育し、139尾のゾエアが残留した結果となった。 According to Table 2, when bred in strontium-added suitable environmental water, 1370 zoeas grow up to post-rabber, with 4370 corresponding to 36.4% after a 32 day breeding period. As a result, zoea remained.
この、飼育成果は、11.9%の1,424尾がポストラ―バにまで生育したものの半数以上の1,772尾が発育遅れのゾエアのまま取り残された好適環境水に比べて格段に改善されている。 This breeding result is significantly improved compared to the preferred environmental water, where 11.9% of 1,424 fish grew up to post-labour, but more than half of 1,772 fish were left behind in the delayed growth of zoea. Has been.
さらに注目すべき点は、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水による収穫量は希釈海水を使用した場合の収穫量をも上回る結果となったことである。
ストロンチウム添加好適環境水の養殖能力は、従来の好適環境水はもとより希釈海水を使用した場合よりも勝っている。Furthermore, it should be noted that the yield of the preferred environmental water with strontium added exceeded the yield when diluted seawater was used.
The aquaculture capacity of strontium-added preferred environmental water is superior to that of using conventional suitable environmental water as well as diluted seawater.
以下の表3は、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水を用いての養殖試験結果と、新たな添加要素であるヨウ素を加えた時の12psu好適環境水(以下、ヨウ素添加好適環境水という)による養殖試験結果とを比較したものである。 Table 3 below shows the results of the aquaculture test using strontium-added preferred environmental water and the results of the aquaculture test using 12 psu preferred environmental water (hereinafter referred to as iodine-added preferred environmental water) when iodine as a new additive element was added. Is a comparison.
養殖の成果については、表1の希釈海水と好適環境水、表2の好適環境水とストロンチウム添加好適環境水、表3のストロンチウム添加好適環境水とヨウ素添加好適環境水のいずれも共通の基準のもとで同時期に実測が行われた。 Regarding the results of the aquaculture, the diluted seawater and preferred environmental water shown in Table 1, the preferred environmental water and strontium-added preferred environmental water shown in Table 2, and the strontium-added preferred environmental water and iodine-added preferred environmental water shown in Table 3 are common standards. Actual measurements were made at the same time.
この比較実験は、ふ化後の初期幼生が段階的な成長ステージを経て形態変化していき、最終的にポストラーバへと生育していく過程を比較検証し、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水に対するヨウ素添加好適環境水の飼育成果を数値化している。 In this comparative experiment, the initial larvae after hatching undergoes a gradual growth stage and undergoes a morphological change, and finally verifies the process of growing into a post-rava. The results of water rearing are quantified.
ただし、この表3は2種類の添加要素の効能についての相対的な試験結果を明らかにしたものであり、両者の絶対的優劣を示すものではない。 However, this Table 3 clarifies the relative test results on the efficacy of the two types of additive elements, and does not indicate the absolute superiority or inferiority of the two.
ヨウ素の添加量は0.014ppm付近から0.058ppmの範囲で良好な育成成果の得られることが判明した。溶液中のヨウ素濃度は好適環境水の希釈により低下するので、必要に応じて滴定管理するなどしてこの必要量を確保するようにされる。 It has been found that good growth results can be obtained when the amount of iodine added ranges from about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm. Since the iodine concentration in the solution decreases due to the dilution of suitable environmental water, the necessary amount is ensured by performing titration management as necessary.
なお、臭素の添加量については16.24ppm付近から67ppmの範囲でストロンチウムや臭素と同程度の良好な育成成果の得られることが判明している。溶液中のヨウ素濃度は好適環境水の希釈により低下するので、必要に応じて滴定管理するなどしてこの必要量を確保するようにされる。臭素のついては、使用する試薬量が他の2種に比べ試薬袋の嵩の大きくなることが現場作業において留意する点である。 As for the amount of bromine added, it has been found that good growth results similar to those of strontium and bromine can be obtained in the range of about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm. Since the iodine concentration in the solution decreases due to the dilution of suitable environmental water, the necessary amount is ensured by performing titration management as necessary. Regarding bromine, it is a point to be noted in field work that the amount of reagent used is larger than that of the other two, and the bulk of the reagent bag becomes larger.
比較実験からは注目すべき結果が得られている。
ヨウ素添加好適環境水で飼育した場合、32日飼育期間を経て12,000尾のゾエアはその39.3%にあたる4,714尾がポストラ―バまで生育し、発育遅れの状態で残留したゾエアは0尾の結果となった。
その成果は、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水による養殖成果を上まっている。Notable results have been obtained from comparative experiments.
When bred with iodine-added suitable environmental water, 12,000 zoea, 39.3% of which, after the 32 day breeding period, grew to 714 post-larvae, and zoea remained in a delayed growth state. The result was zero.
The result is an aquaculture result with strontium-added preferred environmental water.
ポストラ―バの標準体長は、額角と尾肢を含まない窩後縁から尾節の後端までの長さを測定し、その標準偏差により求めた。
好適環境水、希釈海水、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水、ヨウ素添加好適環境水によるポストラ―バの標準体長は、それぞれ8.2mm、8.6mm、8.8mm、9.2mmとなり、飼育環境の適正化を見てとることができる。The standard length of the post rubber was obtained from the standard deviation of the length from the fossa rim not including the forehead and caudal limbs to the rear end of the tail joint.
Standard lengths of post-rubber with suitable environmental water, diluted seawater, strontium-added preferred environmental water, and iodine-added preferred environmental water are 8.2 mm, 8.6 mm, 8.8 mm, and 9.2 mm, respectively. Can be seen.
これらの試験結果は、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水、ヨウ素添加好適環境水、そして臭素添加好適環境水の利用により甲殻類に対する養殖能力が飛躍的に高まり、従来の好適環境水の収穫量の劣る欠点を抜本的に解消する具体的な解決手段となり得ることを明らかにしている。 The results of these tests show that the use of strontium-added preferred environmental water, iodine-added preferred environmental water, and bromine-added preferred environmental water dramatically increases the aquaculture capacity for crustaceans, resulting in inferior yields of conventional preferred environmental water yields. It has been clarified that it can be a concrete solution to drastically resolve.
新たに発見した選択的な添加要素のストロンチウムとヨウ素そして臭素は飼育種に見合うように組み合わせて用いられる。 The newly discovered selective additive elements strontium, iodine and bromine are used in combination to suit the breeding species.
従来の好適環境水の特色を生かした上で、新たな極く微量の添加物で画期的な性能の補強を行ない、好適環境水を革新的な飼育水に仕立て従来の課題を解決したものである。 Taking advantage of the characteristics of the conventional environmental water, the groundbreaking performance was reinforced with a new trace amount of additives, and the conventional environmental water was made into innovative breeding water to solve the conventional problems. It is.
本発明の種苗飼育水は、本件発明者による従来の好適環境水に極く微量の成分を加えることで好適環境水は顕著に改善され、好適環境水の性能を大きく上回る種苗生産量を獲得することができる。これに要する費用は非常に安価ですむので、その経済効果は圧倒的である。好適環境水の特徴である病気の発生リスクを最小限に抑えることのできる性能は従来と変わりなく、種苗の飼育環境を高密度で行うことができる。生育に好影響を与える重要な成分が添加されたことで理想的な生理的生育環境を維持できることになり、生産量は増加し安定した収量を獲得できる利点がある。 In the seedling breeding water of the present invention, the preferred environmental water is remarkably improved by adding a very small amount of components to the conventional preferred environmental water by the present inventor, and the seedling production yield greatly exceeds the performance of the preferred environmental water. be able to. The cost required for this is very low, so the economic effect is overwhelming. The performance capable of minimizing the risk of disease occurrence, which is a characteristic of suitable environmental water, is the same as before, and the breeding environment of seedlings can be performed at a high density. The addition of important components that have a positive effect on growth makes it possible to maintain an ideal physiological growth environment, which has the advantage of increasing the production volume and obtaining a stable yield.
養殖施設の立地に地理的な制約はなく、海水を利用しないため内陸のどこにでもエビやカニ等の甲殻類の養殖施設を設営することができる。大規模なエビカニ養殖施設を内陸地帯はもとより山間部であっても運営することに支障はなく、高付加価値養殖による過疎地域の活性化に資するところが大きい。 There are no geographical restrictions on the location of the aquaculture facility, and because it does not use seawater, it is possible to set up aquaculture facilities for shellfish such as shrimps and crabs anywhere inland. There is no problem in operating large-scale shrimp crabs even in mountainous areas as well as inland areas, which greatly contributes to the activation of depopulated areas through high-value-added aquaculture.
以下、様々な生息域をもつエビやカニ等の甲殻類の中でも、特に、幼生期など一生の一時期を汽水域で過ごす種類のエビを例にとり本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, among the crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs having various habitats, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail by taking, as an example, the kind of shrimp that spends a lifetime in the brackish water area such as the larval period.
この種のエビの中でも、特に飼育が難しいとされるものにオニテナガエビがある。
オニテナガエビは、東南アジアの熱帯から亜熱帯にかけて分布し、海岸付近の水域、河川、湖沼、用水路、稲田等の淡水域に生息する体長が30センチ程度になる淡水性の大型のエビである。種苗生育環境の管理に手間がかかり養殖経費が嵩むため人工養殖による生産量は未だに少なく、市場では希少価値のあるエビとして扱われている。Among these types of shrimp, there is the giant shrimp that is particularly difficult to rear.
The giant shrimp is a large, freshwater shrimp that is distributed from the tropics to the subtropics of Southeast Asia and has a body length of about 30 cm inhabiting fresh water areas such as waters, rivers, lakes, irrigation canals, and rice fields near the coast. Since it takes time to manage the seed and seedling growth environment and raises the cost of aquaculture, the production volume by artificial aquaculture is still small, and it is treated as a rare shrimp in the market.
オニテナガエビの生態について説明する。
親エビは淡水環境の中で生存し、産卵は淡水中で行われる。産卵された卵は産み落とされることはなく、腹部の腹肢に付着して保持され、卵は親と一緒に移動して環境を変えていく。
***期間中に雌エビは河口域に向けて川を下り、塩分を含む汽水域へと移動していく。汽水域で卵はふ化し幼生が塩水中に放出される。放卵を終えた親エビは汽水域に幼生を残し淡水域へと戻っていく。
塩水中に放出された幼生は、親エビの抱卵期間中にすでに頭部、胸部、腹部が分化しノンプリウスの初期形態を終えていてゾエアまで成長している。ふ化したゾエア幼生はプランクトンタイプの各ステージを経てポストラーバへと生育していく。
ポストラ―バ稚エビの生育環境は淡水である。個体は淡水域へと川を遡上し、淡水の中で変態しながら親エビへと成長していく。Explain the ecology of the giant shrimp.
Parent shrimp live in a freshwater environment and lay eggs in freshwater. Eggs that are laid are not laid down but are attached and held on the abdominal limbs, and the eggs move with the parent to change the environment.
During the ovulation period, the female shrimp descends the river towards the estuary and moves to a brackish water containing salt. Eggs hatch in brackish water and larvae are released into salt water. The shrimp who have finished laying eggs leave the larvae in the brackish water area and return to the fresh water area.
The larvae released into the salt water have already grown into Zoea after completing the initial form of non-prius with the head, chest, and abdomen differentiated during the incubation period of the parent shrimp. The hatched zoea larvae grow into post-rava through each plankton type stage.
Postlarva juvenile shrimp is freshwater. Individuals run up the river into freshwater and grow into parent shrimp while transforming in freshwater.
自然界における親エビの移動行動に合わせて必要濃度の塩水を人為的に作り出し疑似的に生育環境を再現するのが人工養殖のやり様である。この養殖の手法に用いる飼育水が本発明のストロンチウム添加好適環境水、ヨウ素添加好適環境水、また臭素添加好適環境水であり、あるいはストロンチウムと、ヨウ素と、臭素の3種またはそのうちの2種を添加した好適環境水である。 Artificial aquaculture involves artificially creating the necessary concentration of salt water in accordance with the movement of parental shrimp in nature to simulate the growth environment. The breeding water used in this aquaculture technique is the preferred environmental water with strontium addition, the preferred environmental water with iodine addition, or the preferred environmental water with bromine addition, or three or two of strontium, iodine and bromine. Added preferred environmental water.
説明の便宜上、以後の説明ではこれらストロンチウム添加好適環境水、ヨウ素添加好適環境水、臭素添加好適環境水、そしてストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素添加の3種またはそのうちの組合わせの2種を添加した好適環境水のことを単に添加環境水と呼ぶこととする。 For convenience of explanation, in the following explanation, these preferred strontium-added preferred environmental water, iodine-added preferred environmental water, bromine-added preferred environmental water, and a preferred environment to which two of strontium, iodine, bromine added, or a combination thereof are added. The water is simply referred to as added environmental water.
養殖を開始するにあたり、入手した抱卵親エビは淡水中で飼育される。この初期段階で、淡水中にストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素を添加しておくことができる。この時のストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素の添加量は、養殖対象品種にとって最適な量とされる。 When starting the cultivation, the obtained parent shrimp are bred in fresh water. At this initial stage, strontium, iodine and bromine can be added to the fresh water. The amount of strontium, iodine, and bromine added at this time is the optimum amount for the cultivar to be cultured.
食卵行動が起きないように給餌しながら飼育する過程で卵の色は徐々に褐色に色付づいていく。卵に眼点が見えるようになった段階で個体の飼育水は6psu塩分濃度の添加環境水とされ、より高い塩水の濃度に向けての慣らし飼育がされる。この6psu塩分濃度の添加環境水は12psu塩分濃度の添加環境水のほぼ2分の1塩分濃度の溶液に相当している。この溶液が12psu塩分濃度の添加環境水の希釈により用意されたものであればストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素の添加要素も元の量の約2分の1に薄まっている。これら添加要素の溶存量については必要があれば個別に増量調整が行われ、必要な濃度範囲に維持される。 The egg color gradually turns brown in the process of feeding while feeding to prevent egg-feeding behavior. At the stage where the eye point becomes visible on the egg, the breeding water of the individual is made into an added environmental water having a salt concentration of 6 psu, and is bred for a higher salt water concentration. This 6 psu salinity-added environmental water corresponds to a salt concentration solution of approximately one-half of the 12 psu salinity-added environmental water. If this solution is prepared by diluting the added environmental water with a salt concentration of 12 psu, the additive elements of strontium, iodine and bromine are diluted to about one half of the original amount. The dissolved amount of these additive elements is individually adjusted to increase if necessary, and is maintained within the necessary concentration range.
6psu塩分濃度の添加環境水中でふ化したゾエアは、12psu塩分濃度の添加環境水に移される。この12psu塩分濃度の添加環境水は汽水域の水質を再現している。ゾエアの成長ステージの同定を行い、多数に出現しているステージを監視しながら生育環境の適正化が図られる。水槽内に残留する生育不良のゾエアと生育したポストラ―バを合わせた尾数の約90%をポストラ―バが占める段階に達して養殖期間を終了する。オニテナガエビの場合、概ね32日経過したあたりが収量時期にあたる。 Zeoare hatched in 6 psu salinity added environmental water is transferred to 12 psu salinity added environmental water. This added environmental water with a salt concentration of 12 psu reproduces the water quality of brackish water. The growth stage of zoea is identified, and the growth environment is optimized while monitoring the stages that appear in large numbers. The farming period ends when the post-rabber occupies about 90% of the total number of tails of the poorly grown zoea remaining in the aquarium and the grown post-raber. In the case of the giant shrimp, the yield period is approximately after 32 days.
前述した飼育水の6psuから12psuへの濃度変更は試薬の添加の有無には関係なく被養殖対象から見て濃縮である。この濃縮に際し、塩分の添加による場合には、ストロンチウムやヨウ素そして臭素といった添加要素すなわち成分の濃度は変化していない。 The above-mentioned concentration change from 6 psu to 12 psu of the breeding water is concentration as seen from the culture target regardless of whether or not the reagent is added. At the time of this concentration, when the salt is added, the concentration of the additive elements, that is, components such as strontium, iodine and bromine is not changed.
養殖完了の日より3日間かけて環境水の塩分濃度12psuを8psu、4psu、2psuと徐々に希釈していき、最終的に親エビの生存レベル0psuまで淡水化する。飼育される稚エビは親エビへと生育し、体長は伸び体重は増えて大型化していく。卵から始まって飼育水濃度は0psuから6psu、12psu、8psu、4psu、2psuそして最後に0psuに調整されたものが使用されている事から言うなら、飼育水の実用濃度領域の下限域は概ね2psuということになる。 The salt concentration of 12 psu of environmental water is gradually diluted to 8 psu, 4 psu, and 2 psu over 3 days from the day of the completion of the cultivation, and finally the water is freshened to the survival level of parent shrimp of 0 psu. Raised shrimp grow into parent shrimp, length increases, body weight increases and size increases. Starting from eggs, the concentration of breeding water is from 0 psu to 6 psu, 12 psu, 8 psu, 4 psu, 2 psu, and finally adjusted to 0 psu. It turns out that.
環境水の添加成分であるストロンチウムやヨウ素、そして臭素はカルシウム代謝の誘導に関与し、脱皮を促進させて変態の進行を早め、これが成長促進につながっていることが推定される。
ポストラ―バの外骨格はしっかりとしていて、成長の進行度にバラツキがないことから、エビの成長促進因子としてストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素が重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかである。It is presumed that strontium, iodine, and bromine, which are components of the environmental water, are involved in the induction of calcium metabolism, promote molting and accelerate the progression of transformation, which leads to growth promotion.
It is clear that strontium, iodine, and bromine play important roles as shrimp growth promoting factors because the exoskeleton of post-rubber is solid and there is no variation in the progress of growth.
本発明の環境水によれば、表1、表2、表3に示すように、ポストラ―バの標準体長は好適環境水8.2mm、希釈海水8.6mm、ストロンチウム添加好適環境水8.8mm、ヨウ素添加好適環境水9.2mmの順に大型化している。環境水による生育手法によれば、ゾエアの発育不良の生残数が139尾と0尾とであり、ポストラ―バは均一な体形と体重を備えている。 According to the environmental water of the present invention, as shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, the standard body length of the post-rubber is a suitable environmental water of 8.2 mm, diluted seawater 8.6 mm, and strontium-added preferred environmental water 8.8 mm. The size is increased in the order of iodine-added preferred environmental water 9.2 mm. According to the growth method using environmental water, the number of surviving zoea growth defects is 139 and 0, and the post rubber has a uniform body shape and weight.
ストロンチウム、ヨウ素そして臭素の添加量は最終的には被養殖対象の体型、サイズ、光沢、見栄えにも反映される要素である。
商品の等級や評価基準には様々な要因(市場規模や購入者層の生活水準、食習慣)も関係するので、これら添加成分の使用量の特定にはこうした要因も考慮しての作業となる。The amount of strontium, iodine, and bromine added is ultimately a factor that reflects the body type, size, gloss, and appearance of the target.
Since various factors (market size, living standards of purchasers, eating habits) are related to product grades and evaluation criteria, it is necessary to take these factors into account when specifying the amount of these additive ingredients to be used. .
主成分であるカルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウムの相対的な比率、またはこれにマグネシウムを加えた各成分の配合濃度は養殖の対象物により適宜変更され必要に応じて修正管理される。
溶液には淡水を混ぜたり試薬または溶液を追加することでpsu値は希釈側に、そして濃縮側に増減するが、溶液の塩分濃度は2psu付近から天然海水の濃度以下となるようにして取り扱われる。The relative ratio of calcium, potassium, and sodium as the main components, or the blending concentration of each component with magnesium added thereto, is appropriately changed depending on the aquaculture target and is corrected and managed as necessary.
By adding fresh water or adding reagent or solution to the solution, the psu value increases or decreases to the dilution side and to the concentration side, but the salt concentration of the solution is handled from around 2 psu to below the concentration of natural seawater. .
溶液に淡水を加え希釈して必要な飼育濃度に加工する希釈操作は養殖現場にて種苗の成長具合に合わせて実施されるが、種苗養殖に適応できる実用範囲の希釈濃度の下限域は概ね2psuである。希釈に伴い、前述したストロンチウムおよび/またはヨウ素の溶存量は低下するので、補充して濃度範囲を保つようにされる。 The dilution operation of adding fresh water to the solution and diluting to process it to the required breeding concentration is carried out at the farming site according to the seedling growth condition, but the lower limit of the practical concentration range that can be applied to seedling cultivation is approximately 2 psu. It is. As the amount of strontium and / or iodine dissolved decreases with dilution, it is supplemented to maintain the concentration range.
ストロンチウムの試薬には、例えば、塩化ストロンチウムや炭酸ストロンチウム、あるいはホウ酸ストロンチウムを、ヨウ素にはヨウ化ナトリウムやヨウ化カリウム等のヨウ化化合物を、臭素については臭化化合物を使用することができる。 For example, strontium chloride, strontium carbonate, or strontium borate can be used as the strontium reagent, an iodide compound such as sodium iodide or potassium iodide can be used as iodine, and a bromide compound can be used as bromine.
好適環境水は以下のような初期濃度で予めストレージタンクなどに貯蔵しておき、使用時点で薬剤投入により個々の成分濃度を高めたり淡水による全体希釈を速やかに行えるよう予め準備をしておけば現場での濃度対応が容易である。この初期濃度は6psuや12psuのものの汎用性が比較的高い。 Suitable environmental water should be stored in a storage tank in advance at the following initial concentration, and prepared so that the concentration of individual components can be increased at the time of use by increasing the concentration of individual components or the whole can be diluted quickly with fresh water. It is easy to handle the concentration on site. This initial concentration is relatively high in versatility with 6 psu or 12 psu.
溶液を準備しておく際の成分構成は以下のようにして設定されている。具体例を列挙するなら、塩分濃度が2psu以上で天然海水中の濃度以下となる条件の下で、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムを天然海水中の存在比に近似した比率で含有した溶液が挙げられる。 The component composition when preparing the solution is set as follows. As specific examples, a solution containing sodium, calcium, and potassium at a ratio approximate to the abundance ratio in natural seawater under the condition that the salinity concentration is 2 psu or more and below the concentration in natural seawater can be mentioned.
その他、塩分濃度が2psu以上で天然海水中の濃度以下となる条件の下で、ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムに加えてマグネシウムを天然海水中の存在比に近似した比率で含有した溶液、もしくは In addition, a solution containing magnesium in addition to sodium, calcium and potassium in a ratio approximating the abundance ratio in natural seawater under a condition where the salinity is 2 psu or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, or
カルシウムを0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムを0.07065g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムを溶液の塩分濃度が6psuになる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下の溶液を、そのままの濃度で、または希釈したり濃縮して用いられる。 A solution having a calcium concentration of 0.1002 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, potassium at a concentration of 0.07065 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, and sodium at a concentration of 6 psu or less in the natural seawater Is used at its original concentration, or diluted or concentrated.
また、カルシウムを0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムを0.07065g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、マグネシウムを0.12525g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムを溶液の塩分濃度が6psuになる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下の成分組成からなる溶液を、そのままの濃度で、または希釈したり濃縮して用いられる。 In addition, calcium is not less than 0.1002 g / L or less in natural seawater, potassium is not less than 0.07065 g / L or less in natural seawater, magnesium is not less than 0.12525 g / L or less in natural seawater, and sodium is a solution. A solution having a component composition having a salt concentration of 6 psu to a concentration lower than that in natural seawater is used as it is or after being diluted or concentrated.
当然のことながら、前述した成分組成の下で仕立てた6psuの溶液であるなら、これを1.2倍希釈すれば5psuの飼育水ができあがる。
この5psuの濃度環境下で、飼育水を淡水で1.25倍希釈すれば4psuの飼育液となり、これをさらに2倍希釈すれば2psuの濃度溶液が作られる。希釈して使用した2psu飼育水と6psu濃度の飼育水を同量混ぜ合わせれば4psu濃度の溶液が得られる。濃度と容積の比率に応じて溶液濃度を上げたり下げたりする濃度変更が可能である。As a matter of course, if the solution is 6 psu prepared under the above-described component composition, if it is diluted 1.2 times, breeding water of 5 psu is completed.
In this 5 psu concentration environment, if the breeding water is diluted 1.25 times with fresh water, a 4 psu breeding solution is obtained, and if this is further diluted 2 times, a 2 psu concentration solution is produced. A solution having a concentration of 4 psu can be obtained by mixing the same amount of the 2 psu breeding water used after dilution and the breeding water having a concentration of 6 psu. The concentration can be changed by increasing or decreasing the solution concentration according to the ratio between the concentration and the volume.
添加環境水の濃縮と希釈の両方向への濃度調整がこのように簡便に行えるので、淡水性や汽水性の甲殻類、また外洋性の甲殻類に対し、疑似的な生育環境を自在に正確に再現できることになる。 Concentration and dilution of added environmental water can be easily adjusted in this way, so it is possible to accurately and freely create a simulated growth environment for freshwater, brackish crustaceans, and open-sea shells. It can be reproduced.
溶液に淡水を加え希釈して必要な飼育濃度に調整する希釈操作は、例えば、循環系の途中位置に接続してある給水系を通じた補給水により行えるが、比較的規模の小さな養殖施設の場合には、その都度の淡水投入によるやり方に即応性がある。 The dilution operation to adjust to the necessary breeding concentration by adding fresh water to the solution can be performed with, for example, supplementary water through a water supply system connected to the middle position of the circulation system, but in the case of a relatively small-scale aquaculture facility Is responsive to the method of fresh water input each time.
実施例では養殖の難しい希少品種であるオニテナガエビを選んだが、これを可能にしたのも、少ない種類の少量の成分と極く微量の添加成分を用いて飼育を行えるようにしたことによる。種苗の種類に合わせて溶液の希釈と濃縮の操作を養殖現場にて簡単に行えるので多くの品種に容易に対応ができ、淡水域そして汽水域から海水域までの生育環境を様々に変化させながらエビ、シャコからカニにいたる多種類の甲殻類を選択的に且つ自在に養殖管理することができる。 In the examples, the giant shrimp, which is a rare cultivar that is difficult to cultivate, was selected, but this was made possible by the fact that it was possible to breed using a small amount of a small amount of components and a very small amount of added components. Dilution and concentration of solutions according to the type of seedling can be easily performed at the farming site, so it can be easily applied to many varieties, while changing the growth environment from freshwater and brackish water to seawater A wide variety of crustaceans from shrimp, shrimp to crabs can be selectively and freely cultured.
ストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素の3種類の微量添加成分は、それぞれの成分を単独で使用したり、選択的に組み合わせた2種類の成分、あるいは全3種類の成分を合わせて使用される。添加成分の選択とその組合わせは品種に固有のものである。 Three kinds of trace amount addition components of strontium, iodine, and bromine are used alone, or two kinds of selectively combined ingredients or a total of three kinds of ingredients are used in combination. The selection and combination of additive ingredients is unique to the variety.
ストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素のいずれか1種類を選ぶ3つの選択肢、2種類の組合わせを選ぶ3つの選択肢、全3種類を選ぶ1選択肢の合計7選択肢の中で決められる。適合する選択肢の選定は種苗生育の進行具合を観察精査することで識別ができるので、種苗の生育具合に見合うように選択した成分種類と投入量を使用途中であっても変更することができる。 It is decided among a total of 7 options, 3 options for selecting one of strontium, iodine and bromine, 3 options for selecting a combination of 2 types, and 1 option for selecting all 3 types. Selection of a suitable option can be identified by observing and scrutinizing the progress of seedling growth, so that it is possible to change the component type and input amount selected to match the growth condition of the seedling even during use.
したがって、本発明の実施形態によれば、
ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、またはこれらとマグネシウムを水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加してなる飼育水にして、
飼育水の塩分濃度が2psu以上天然海水の濃度以下、好ましくは12psu付近の濃度となるように、これらナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、またマグネシウムを天然海水中の存在比に近似した比率で含有しており、さらに
概ね1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
概ね0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
概ね16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類か2種類または全3種類を含有してなるエビやカニ、シャコ等の甲殻類の種苗養殖に用いる飼育水が得られる。Thus, according to embodiments of the present invention,
Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium, or these and magnesium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
Contains sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium at a ratio that approximates the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the salinity of the breeding water is 2 psu or more and below the concentration of natural seawater, preferably around 12 psu. Strontium with a concentration of approximately 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less,
Approximately 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm of iodine,
Of bromine having a concentration of approximately 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
Breeding water used for seedling cultivation of shellfish such as shrimp, crab, and giant shrimp, containing at least one, two, or all three.
また、本発明の他の実施形態によれば、
ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、またはこれらとマグネシウムを水道水や雨水、河川水あるいは地下水に添加してなる飼育水にして、
飼育水に含まれるカルシウムは0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムは0.07065g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、マグネシウムを加えるとするならば0.12525g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、残りのナトリウムは溶液の塩分濃度が6psuになる濃度から天然海水中の濃度以下、好ましくは12psu付近の濃度になる量であり、これに加えて
概ね1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
概ね0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
概ね16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類か、または2種類を組合わせたもの、あるいは全3種類を含有してなる希釈または濃縮して使用可能なエビやカニ、シャコ等の甲殻類の種苗養殖に用いる飼育水が得られる。Also, according to another embodiment of the present invention,
Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium, or these and magnesium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
Calcium contained in the breeding water is 0.1002 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, potassium is 0.07065 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, and if magnesium is added, 0.12525 g / L or more natural seawater The remaining sodium is in an amount from the concentration at which the salt concentration of the solution becomes 6 psu to the concentration in natural seawater, preferably around 12 psu. In addition to this, approximately 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm The following concentrations of strontium;
Approximately 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm of iodine,
Of bromine having a concentration of approximately 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
It is possible to obtain breeding water used for seedling culture of shellfish such as shrimp, crab and mantis which can be used by diluting or concentrating at least one or a combination of two or all three. .
ストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素の微量添加成分成分の全3種類を用いた飼育事例について以下に説明する。
飼育種は明細書の冒頭で紹介したウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)である。このブラックタイガーのポストラーバ期の種苗または稚エビ期の種苗(以下、ポストラーバ稚エビという)の飼育に全3種類の微量成分を使用した。Breeding examples using all three types of strontium, iodine and bromine added in small amounts will be described below.
The breeding species is bovine shrimp (black tiger) introduced at the beginning of the specification. Three kinds of trace components were used for breeding the seedlings of the black tiger in the post-rava stage or the juvenile shrimp stage (hereinafter referred to as post-rava juvenile).
飼育水の添加環境水は2psuから天然海水の濃度以下の溶液、または6psuから天然海水の濃度以下の希釈または濃縮して使用可能な溶液である。飼育水には3種類の微量添加成分が混入されている。 The environment water to which breeding water is added is a solution that can be used after diluting or concentrating from 2 psu to a concentration of natural seawater or from 6 psu to a concentration of natural seawater. The breeding water is mixed with three kinds of minor additive components.
3種類の微量添加成分は、好適環境水中にて概ね1.89ppmの濃度から7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、概ねppmの0.014濃度から0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、概ね16.24ppmの濃度から67ppm以下の濃度の臭素である。 The three types of minor additive components are approximately 16% of strontium having a concentration of approximately 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less, and approximately 0.014 to 0.058 ppm of iodine in a suitable environmental water. Bromine at a concentration from 24 ppm to 67 ppm.
この飼育水を用いた養殖による飼育成果は表4に示されている。使用した飼育水の塩分濃度は12psuであり、この塩分濃度領域で安定した収量が得られている。3種類の微量添加成分が用いられた。 Table 4 shows the breeding results of the aquaculture using the breeding water. The salinity of the breeding water used was 12 psu, and a stable yield was obtained in this salinity region. Three types of minor additive components were used.
ナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウムを含有する12psu好適環境水にストロンチウム、ヨウ素、臭素の微量添加成分を加えてなる飼育水を用い、ブラックタイガーのポストラーバ稚エビ養殖を行った。3種の微量添加成分は下限域の濃度のものと、上限域の濃度のものに分けて表示している。濃度下限域と濃度上限域のそれぞれに3つの試験区を設け、稚エビの生存率の平均値を求めている。 Black tiger postlarva juvenile shrimp culture was performed using breeding water obtained by adding trace amounts of strontium, iodine and bromine to 12 psu suitable environmental water containing sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The three minor additive components are displayed separately for those having a lower limit concentration and those having an upper limit concentration. Three test plots are set in each of the lower concentration range and the upper concentration range, and the average survival rate of juvenile shrimp is obtained.
稚エビは日齢10日から15日のものをランダムに6試験区の各々に30匹ずつを収容し、全試験区一律に12psu塩分濃度に揃えた好適環境水を用いて飼育した。この6試験区のうちの3試験区ずつの2つのグループを3種微量添加成分の下限域の濃度と上限域の濃度に分け、水槽容量、飼育手順、収容密度、飼育期間、給餌についてもすべて同一の条件下で実施した。飼育水の水質については閉鎖循環ろ過システムを通過させながらモニタリングし、飼育環境が常に一定に保たれるように監視した。
水質の管理は、水温28〜31℃、DO5.5mg/l以上、pH7.00以上、総アンモニア1mg/l以下、亜硝酸1mg/l以下を基準としている。The juvenile shrimp were from 10 to 15 days of age and were randomly housed in each of the 6 test plots, and were reared using suitable environmental water with a uniform 12 psu salt concentration. Two groups of each of the three test sections of these six test sections are divided into the lower limit concentration and the upper limit concentration of the three minor additive components, and all of the aquarium capacity, breeding procedure, accommodation density, breeding period, and feeding It carried out on the same conditions. The quality of the breeding water was monitored while passing through a closed circulation filtration system to keep the breeding environment constant.
Management of water quality is based on a water temperature of 28 to 31 ° C., DO 5.5 mg / l or more, pH 7.00 or more, total ammonia 1 mg / l or less, and nitrous acid 1 mg / l or less.
稚エビの飼育日数は約40日、収穫時のエビの生存率は3種微量成分の濃度下限域のもので64.5%、濃度上限域のもので77.8%であった。 Shrimp breeding days were approximately 40 days, and the survival rate of shrimp at the time of harvest was 64.5% in the lower concentration range of the three minor components and 77.8% in the upper concentration range.
表5は、12psuの人口海水(海水の組成に近づけた成分組成を持つ飼育水)を使用しての養殖結果を示している。
この12psu人口海水による飼育成果は、表4に示す3種微量成分を添加したものと比べて成果は同程度で、人口海水を使用したことによるメリットは認められない。
本発明の好適環境水に微量成分を添加してなる飼育水は、その効果について希釈天然海水や人口海水に比べてなんら遜色がなく、ppm単位の添加成分量のため資材費用も極めて安価ですむ利点がある。Table 5 shows aquaculture results using 12 psu artificial seawater (bred water having a component composition close to that of seawater).
This 12 psu artificial seawater breeding result is similar to that obtained by adding the three trace components shown in Table 4, and no merit is obtained by using the artificial seawater.
Breeding water obtained by adding trace components to the preferred environmental water of the present invention is comparable to diluted natural seawater and artificial seawater in terms of its effects, and the material cost is extremely low due to the amount of added components in ppm. There are advantages.
参考までに、25psu好適環境水とした場合の配合比の例として、例えば以下に示すようなものがある。
For reference, examples of the blending ratio when 25 psu suitable environmental water is used include the following.
Claims (12)
ポストラーバの晒される塩分濃度が12psuに維持されるように、これらナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウムを天然海水中の存在比に近似した比率で含有しており、さらに
約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
約16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類または2種類、あるいは全3種類を含有してなるクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビの養殖に用いる飼育水。Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
It contains these sodium, calcium, and potassium in proportions similar to the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the post-rava exposed salt concentration is maintained at 12 psu, and a concentration of about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less. Strontium,
Iodine at a concentration of about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm,
Of the bromine having a concentration of about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
Breeding water used for aquaculture of post-rava juvenile shrimp such as prawns, vaname shrimp and bull shrimp (black tiger) containing at least one, two or all three.
ポストラーバの晒される塩分濃度が12psuに維持されるように、これらナトリウム、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウムを天然海水中の存在比に近似した比率で含有しており、さらに
約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
約16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類または2種類、あるいは全3種類を含有してなるクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビの養殖に用いる飼育水。Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
It contains these sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium in proportions close to those in natural seawater so that the post-rava exposed salinity is maintained at 12 psu, and from about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less. Strontium at a concentration of
Iodine at a concentration of about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm,
Of the bromine having a concentration of about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
Breeding water used for aquaculture of post-rava juvenile shrimp such as prawns, vaname shrimp and bull shrimp (black tiger) containing at least one, two or all three.
飼育水に含まれるカルシウムは約0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムは約0.07065g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムはポストラーバの晒される飼育水の塩分濃度が12psuに維持される量であり、これに加えて
約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
約16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類または2種類、あるいは全3種類を含有してなるクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビの養殖に用いる飼育水。Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
The calcium contained in the breeding water is about 0.1002 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, potassium is about 0.07065 g / L or more and below the concentration in natural seawater, and sodium has a salinity of 12 psu in the breeding water to which the post-rava is exposed. In addition to this, strontium at a concentration of about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less,
Iodine at a concentration of about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm,
Of the bromine having a concentration of about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
Breeding water used for aquaculture of post-rava juvenile shrimp such as prawns, vaname shrimp and bull shrimp (black tiger) containing at least one, two or all three.
飼育水に含まれるカルシウムは約0.1002g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、カリウムは約0.07065g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、マグネシウムは約0.12525g/L以上天然海水中の濃度以下、ナトリウムはポストラーバの晒される飼育水の塩分濃度が12psuに維持される量であり、これに加えて
約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下の濃度のストロンチウムと、
約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下の濃度のヨウ素と、
約16.24ppmから67ppm以下の濃度の臭素のうちの、
少なくとも1種類または2種類、あるいは全3種類を含有してなるクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビの養殖に用いる飼育水。Breeding water made by adding sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium to tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater,
The calcium contained in the breeding water is about 0.1002 g / L or more and less than the concentration in natural seawater, potassium is about 0.07065 g / L or more and less than the concentration in natural seawater, and magnesium is about 0.12525 g / L or more in the natural seawater. Below the concentration, sodium is the amount that maintains the salinity of the post-rava exposed breeding water at 12 psu, in addition to strontium at a concentration of about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less,
Iodine at a concentration of about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm,
Of the bromine having a concentration of about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less,
Breeding water used for aquaculture of post-rava juvenile shrimp such as prawns, vaname shrimp and bull shrimp (black tiger) containing at least one, two or all three.
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でエビ等の甲殻類のふ化後の幼生をプランクトンタイプの各ステージを経てポストラーバへと生育させていく養殖方法。Sodium, calcium, and potassium are mixed into fresh water at a ratio that approximates the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the salinity of the breeding water is increased to 12 psu through 6 psu on the way from the low value, and strontium is added to this. And breeding water to which at least one or two of iodine and bromine, or all three are added,
The concentration of strontium is about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less, the concentration of iodine is about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm or less, and the concentration of bromine is about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less. A culture method in which larvae after hatching of crustaceans are grown to post-rava through each stage of plankton type.
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でエビ等の甲殻類のふ化後の幼生をプランクトンタイプの各ステージを経てポストラーバへと生育させていく養殖方法。Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are mixed in fresh water at a ratio that approximates the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the salinity of the breeding water is increased to 12 psu through 6 psu in the middle from the low value. Using breeding water to which at least one or two of strontium, iodine and bromine, or all three are added,
The concentration of strontium is about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less, the concentration of iodine is about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm or less, and the concentration of bromine is about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less. A culture method in which larvae after hatching of crustaceans are grown to post-rava through each stage of plankton type.
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でエビ等の甲殻類のふ化後の幼生をプランクトンタイプの各ステージを経てポストラーバへと生育させていく養殖方法。Breeding in fresh water such as tap water, rainwater, river water or groundwater, with a concentration of about 0.1002 g / L or more of natural seawater and a concentration of about 0.07065 g / L or more of natural seawater and potassium. The amount of sodium in which the salt concentration of water increases to 12 psu through 6 psu in the middle from a low value is mixed, and this is mixed with at least one or two of strontium, iodine, and bromine, or Add all three to make breeding water,
The concentration of strontium is about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less, the concentration of iodine is about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm or less, and the concentration of bromine is about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less. A culture method in which larvae after hatching of crustaceans are grown to post-rava through each stage of plankton type.
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でエビ等の甲殻類のふ化後の幼生をプランクトンタイプの各ステージを経てポストラーバへと生育させていく養殖方法。In fresh water such as tap water, rainwater, river water, or groundwater, about 0.1002 g / L or more of calcium in the concentration of natural seawater and about 0.07065 g / L or more of potassium in the concentration of natural seawater, 0.12525g / L or more of magnesium below the concentration in natural seawater and the amount of sodium in which the salinity concentration of the breeding water is increased to 12 psu through 6 psu in the middle from a low value, are mixed with this, and strontium And at least one or two of iodine and bromine, or all three are added to make breeding water,
The concentration of strontium is about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm or less, the concentration of iodine is about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm or less, and the concentration of bromine is about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm or less. A culture method in which larvae after hatching of crustaceans are grown to post-rava through each stage of plankton type.
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビを飼育する養殖方法。Sodium, calcium, and potassium are mixed into fresh water at a ratio that approximates the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the salinity of the breeding water exposed to post-rava is maintained at 12 psu, and this contains strontium, iodine, and bromine. Add at least one or two of them, or all three,
While maintaining the strontium concentration from about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm, the iodine concentration from about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm, and the bromine concentration from about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm, A farming method for raising post-rava juvenile shrimp such as shrimp and bovine shrimp (black tiger).
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビを飼育する養殖方法。Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are mixed in fresh water at a ratio that approximates the abundance ratio in natural seawater so that the post-rava exposed salinity is maintained at 12 psu, of which strontium, iodine, and bromine Add at least one or two of these, or all three to make breeding water,
While maintaining the strontium concentration from about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm, the iodine concentration from about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm, and the bromine concentration from about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm, A farming method for raising post-rava juvenile shrimp such as shrimp and bovine shrimp (black tiger).
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビを飼育する養殖方法。In fresh water such as tap water, rain water, river water, or ground water, about 0.1002 g / L or more of calcium in the concentration of natural seawater and about 0.07065 g / L or more of potassium in the concentration of natural seawater and post-rava Is mixed with sodium in such an amount that the salinity of the breeding water to be exposed is maintained at 12 psu, and at least one or two of strontium, iodine, and bromine are added, or all three are bred. Water and
While maintaining the strontium concentration from about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm, the iodine concentration from about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm, and the bromine concentration from about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm, A farming method for raising post-rava juvenile shrimp such as shrimp and bovine shrimp (black tiger).
ストロンチウムの濃度は約1.89ppmから7.80ppm以下、ヨウ素の濃度は約0.014ppmから0.058ppm以下、臭素の濃度は約16.24ppmから67ppm以下に維持しながら、この溶液中でクルマエビ、バナメイエビやウシエビ(ブラックタイガー)等のポストラーバ稚エビを飼育する養殖方法。In fresh water such as tap water, rainwater, river water, or groundwater, about 0.1002 g / L or more of calcium in the concentration of natural seawater and about 0.07065 g / L or more of potassium in the concentration of natural seawater, Containing 0.12525 g / L or more of magnesium below the concentration in natural seawater and sodium in an amount that maintains the salinity of the rearing water exposed to post-rava at 12 psu, of which strontium, iodine, and bromine Add at least one or two of these, or all three to make breeding water,
While maintaining the strontium concentration from about 1.89 ppm to 7.80 ppm, the iodine concentration from about 0.014 ppm to 0.058 ppm, and the bromine concentration from about 16.24 ppm to 67 ppm, A farming method for raising post-rava juvenile shrimp such as shrimp and bovine shrimp (black tiger).
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