JP6045862B2 - Production method for fishery products - Google Patents

Production method for fishery products Download PDF

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JP6045862B2
JP6045862B2 JP2012197300A JP2012197300A JP6045862B2 JP 6045862 B2 JP6045862 B2 JP 6045862B2 JP 2012197300 A JP2012197300 A JP 2012197300A JP 2012197300 A JP2012197300 A JP 2012197300A JP 6045862 B2 JP6045862 B2 JP 6045862B2
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surimi
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松謙 美濃
松謙 美濃
淳史 大井
淳史 大井
恭彦 青木
恭彦 青木
竹男 矢野
竹男 矢野
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Mie University NUC
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本発明は、水産練り製品には不適とされてきた、凍結された冷凍赤身魚を原材料としながらも、ゲル強度を高めた、高品質な水産練り製品の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a high-quality aquatic kneaded product , which has been made inappropriate for aquatic kneaded products, and has a gel strength increased while using frozen frozen red fish as a raw material.

水産練り製品、特に蒲鉾にとっては、その特有の弾力を有するゲルの食感(足)が品質の重要な要素であり、一般には弾力が強くてしかも歯切れが良いものが食感の良い水産練り製品とされている。この食感の評価としては、プランジャーを試験片に押し当て、試験片が破断し抵抗を失ったときの破断強度(g)と破断凹み(mm)を用いて表されることが多い。   For aquatic products, especially for salmon, the texture (foot) of the gel with its unique elasticity is an important element of quality, and in general, those with a strong elasticity and crispness are considered to be good aquatic products. ing. The evaluation of the texture is often expressed using the breaking strength (g) and the breaking dent (mm) when the plunger is pressed against the test piece and the test piece breaks and loses resistance.

この水産練り製品の食感の良し悪しは、魚肉のタンパク質の変性により影響を受け、タンパク質を変性させる要因の一つに魚肉のpHが挙げられる。一般に水産練り製品に使用される魚肉のpHは、7前後が適している。これは、タンパク質は中性で安定な構造を維持しており、何らかの要因で魚肉が酸性又はアルカリ性側に傾けば、急激にタンパク質の変性が進行して、ゲル形成能に悪影響を与えてしまうからである。そして、スケトウダラ、ミナミダラ、ホキ、グチ、イトヨリダイ、エソ、タイ、ヒラメ、カレイ等の白身魚は、死後の筋肉のpHが7程度であり、タンパク質が変性しにくいため、これらの魚を原材料とすると食感の良い水産練り製品ができる。   The quality of the fish paste product is affected by the protein denaturation of the fish meat, and one of the factors that denature the protein is the pH of the fish meat. Generally, the pH of fish meat used for fishery paste products is about 7. This is because the protein maintains a neutral and stable structure, and if the fish meat is tilted to the acidic or alkaline side for some reason, the protein denaturation proceeds rapidly and adversely affects the gel-forming ability. It is. And white fish such as walleye pollock, minamidara, hoki, guchi, oysterfish, esos, thailand, flounder, and flounder have a pH of about 7 after death and their proteins are difficult to denature. Can produce fishery products with a good texture.

一方、サバ、カツオ、イワシ、サンマ、マグロ、アジ等の赤身魚は、死後急激に筋肉がpH6以下の酸性となる。死後急激に筋肉が酸性になる理由は、赤身魚は海洋を回遊するために、筋肉の中にグリコーゲンを蓄積し、それが死後に乳酸に変化するからである。この筋肉が酸性となった状態がタンパク質を変性させ、ゲル形成能を低下させる。このため、赤身魚を原材料としては、食感の良い水産練り製品はできないとされている。   On the other hand, red fish such as mackerel, bonito, sardines, saury, tuna and horse mackerel rapidly become acidic with a pH of 6 or less after death. The reason why muscles suddenly become acidic after death is that red fish accumulates glycogen in the muscles for migrating in the ocean, which changes to lactic acid after death. The state in which this muscle becomes acidic denatures the protein and reduces the gel forming ability. For this reason, it is said that a fish product with a good texture cannot be made using red fish as a raw material.

このように、赤身魚を原材料にして、蒲鉾、竹輪等の食感の良い水産練り製品を製造するのは困難であった。したがって、赤身魚が一時に大量に水揚げされても水産練り製品に活用されることがなく、赤身魚の種類によっては一部の食用とされるもの以外は、養殖魚のエサや水族館等で飼育されている動物のエサ等に使用されていた。しかし、水産練り製品用のすり身はその大部分を輸入に頼っており、すり身の安定的な供給のため、日本近海で豊富に漁獲される赤身魚を水産練り製品へ利用することが望まれていた。   As described above, it has been difficult to produce a marine product with a good texture such as salmon and bamboo rings using red fish as a raw material. Therefore, even if a large amount of red fish is landed at a time, it will not be used for fishery products, and depending on the type of red fish, it is raised in food for aquaculture, aquariums, etc. It was used for animal food. However, most surimi for fish paste products depend on imports, and in order to provide a stable supply of surimi, it was desired to use red fish abundantly caught in the sea near Japan for fish paste products.

そこで、特公昭40−21224号公報には、水産練り製品を製造する工程において、魚肉の落とし身をアルカリ溶液に晒して、肉を中性から弱アルカリ性に保ち、ゲル形成能を改善させる技術が開示されている。   Therefore, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 40-21224 discloses a technique for improving the gel-forming ability by exposing fish sludge to an alkaline solution to maintain the meat from neutral to weakly alkaline in the process of producing a fish paste product. Has been.

また、特開平8−80176号公報、特開2001−190248号公報には、水産練り製品等の製造方法において、すり身に炭酸塩等の品質改良剤を添加することにより、水産練り製品の弾力を増強させ、品質を向上させる技術が開示されている。   JP-A-8-80176 and JP-A-2001-190248 disclose the production method of fishery paste products, etc., to increase the elasticity of fishery paste products by adding a quality improver such as carbonate to surimi. A technique for improving quality is disclosed.

特公昭40−21224号公報Japanese Patent Publication No.40-21224 特開平8−80176号公報JP-A-8-80176 特開2001−190248号公報JP 2001-190248 A

しかし、特許文献1に開示されたアルカリ溶液晒しの技術においては、アルカリ溶液晒しをすることによって筋肉組織が吸水し著しく膨潤するため、その後の魚肉の脱水が困難となる。水産練り製品の原材料とするためには、十分に脱水された魚肉でなくてはならず、過度に膨潤された魚肉では、適切な弾力を保持する水産練り製品の製造に適さない。つまり、赤身魚を水産練り製品の原材料としての活用を図る事業において、アルカリ溶液晒しを採用することは、その操作による水産練り製品の原材料化に対する有効性が十分に期待できないうえに、脱水性を困難とさせることにより、製造作業場の合理性に欠けるものとなるという課題があった。さらに、アルカリ溶液晒しは、魚肉のpH低下によるタンパク質の変性の防止処理であり、一旦pHが低下してタンパク質が変性されれば、その後にpHを上昇させる処理をしても変性は回復されないといわれている。そのため、漁獲後に魚を速やかに加工する必要があり、産業レベルでの実施が困難であるという課題もあった。   However, in the alkaline solution exposure technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, muscular tissue absorbs water and swells significantly when exposed to an alkaline solution, making subsequent dehydration of fish meat difficult. In order to use it as a raw material for fishery paste products, the fish meat must be sufficiently dehydrated, and excessively swollen fish meat is not suitable for the production of fish paste products that retain appropriate elasticity. In other words, in the business of utilizing red fish as a raw material for fishery products, adopting alkaline solution exposure cannot be expected to be sufficiently effective for making raw materials for fishery products, and dehydration is difficult. As a result, there is a problem that the manufacturing workplace is not rational. Furthermore, the alkaline solution exposure is a treatment for preventing protein denaturation due to a decrease in the pH of fish meat. Once the pH is lowered and the protein is denatured, the denaturation is not recovered even if the pH is raised thereafter. It is said. For this reason, it is necessary to quickly process the fish after catching, and there is also a problem that it is difficult to implement at an industrial level.

また、特許文献2及び3に開示された炭酸塩等の品質改良剤をすり身に添加する技術においては、その実施例の殆どが、水産練り製品に広く使用されている白身魚のスケトウダラのすり身を用いたものである。一部において赤身魚の実施例も記載されているが、それらについてもハンバーグ、揚げ蒲鉾等の、食感の良し悪しが品質上問題となりにくい水産練り製品の実施例や、赤身魚を数パーセントのみ混入させた蒲鉾の実施例であり、赤身魚を主原料に用いた、食感の良い水産練り製品を製造するための技術についての開示はされていない。   In addition, in the technology for adding a quality improving agent such as carbonate disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3 to surimi, most of the examples used whitefish groundfish surimi widely used in fishery paste products. Is. Some examples of red fish are also described, but examples of fish paste products such as hamburgers and deep-fried crab that are not likely to cause quality problems are mixed, and only a few percent of red fish is mixed. This is an example of the octopus, and no disclosure is made on a technique for producing a fish-paste product with a good texture using red fish as the main ingredient.

また、魚を凍結させると、凍結によってもたらされるタンパク質の変性が生じ、タンパク質の機能特性であるゲル形成能が大幅に低下する状態となる。これは、魚を凍結させるまでの時間に筋肉のpHが低下していることに加え、タンパク質の分子周囲の自由水が凍結され、タンパク質の構造変化が引き起こされるためである。上記のいずれの先行文献においても生の魚又は生の魚から調製された冷凍すり身を原材料としており、凍結された冷凍赤身魚を原材料として水産練り製品を製造する技術は開示されていない。なお、水産練り製品において冷凍変性防止剤として糖類が広く使用されているが、これは冷凍すり身を製造するときに使用されるものであり、魚自体を凍結させるときにはこのような冷凍変性防止剤は使用できない。   Moreover, when fish is frozen, protein denaturation caused by freezing occurs, and the gel-forming ability, which is a functional property of the protein, is greatly reduced. This is because in addition to the decrease in muscle pH during the time until the fish is frozen, the free water around the protein molecules is frozen, causing a structural change in the protein. In any of the above-mentioned prior art documents, raw fish or frozen surimi prepared from raw fish is used as a raw material, and a technique for producing an aquatic product using frozen frozen red fish as a raw material is not disclosed. In addition, saccharides are widely used as frozen denaturation inhibitors in marine products, but this is used when producing frozen surimi, and such freeze denaturants are used when freezing the fish itself. Can not.

本発明は、上記の点に鑑みなされたもので、水産練り製品について、従来は使用が困難とされてきた冷凍赤身魚を原材料に用い、蒲鉾、竹輪等にも使用できる食感の良い水産練り製品の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points. For fish paste products, the use of frozen red fish, which has been considered difficult to use in the past, as a raw material, a fish paste product with a good texture that can be used for salmon, bamboo rings, etc. An object is to provide a manufacturing method .

本発明の水産練り製品の製造方法は、魚の落とし身をすり身にして製造される水産練り製品の製造方法において、前記魚が頭と内臓とをそのまま残した状態で凍結された冷凍赤身魚であるとともに、前記魚から得られた魚肉がアルカリ溶液に晒されないで前記すり身に加工され、前記すり身に糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、魚肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整するpH調整剤とを添加したことを特徴とする。
また、本発明の別の水産練り製品の製造方法は、魚の落とし身をすり身にして製造される水産練り製品の製造方法において、前記魚が頭と内臓とをそのまま残した状態で凍結された冷凍赤身魚であるとともに、前記魚から得られた魚肉がアルカリ溶液に晒されないで前記すり身に加工され、前記すり身に糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、魚肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整するpH調整剤とを添加し、その後前記すり身を凍結保存せずに製造したことを特徴とする
Method for producing a marine paste products of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a marine paste products produced by the minced fish surimi, frozen lean fish der the fish is frozen in a state of leaving the head and viscera Rutotomoni The fish meat obtained from the fish is processed into the surimi without being exposed to an alkaline solution, and sugars, polymerized phosphate, and a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of the fish meat to the alkali side are added to the surimi. It is characterized by.
In addition, another method for producing a fish paste product according to the present invention is a method for producing a fish paste product produced by surimi fish fillet. In addition, the fish meat obtained from the fish is processed into the surimi without being exposed to an alkaline solution, and the surimi is sugar, polymerized phosphate, and a pH adjuster that adjusts the pH of the fish meat to the alkali side. And the surimi was produced without being cryopreserved .

また、本発明の好ましい例は、前記pH調整剤が炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウムから選ばれる1種以上の炭酸塩からなることを特徴とする。   A preferred example of the present invention is characterized in that the pH adjuster comprises one or more carbonates selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and potassium bicarbonate.

また、本発明のさらに好ましい例は、前記すり身に糖類を1〜10重量%、重合リン酸塩を0.1〜0.5重量%、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウムから選ばれる1種以上の炭酸塩を炭酸ナトリウムに換算して0.1〜2.0重量%添加したことを特徴とする。   Moreover, the more preferable example of this invention is 1-10 weight% of saccharides in the said surimi, 0.1-0.5 weight% of superposition | polymerization phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate. One or more selected carbonates are added in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight in terms of sodium carbonate.

また、本発明のさらに好ましい例は、前記すり身を塩摺りさせたときの魚肉のpHが7.8〜9.5であることを特徴とする。   A further preferred example of the present invention is characterized in that the fish meat has a pH of 7.8 to 9.5 when the surimi is salted.

上記の発明によると、凍結された冷凍赤身魚を原材料としたすり身に糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、魚肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整するpH調整剤を品質改良剤として添加させることにより、これらの成分が相乗的に効果を発揮し、良好なゲル形成能を得られ、弾力を著しく改善させ、食感の良い水産練り製品を製造できる。また、凍結に際し内臓等が除去されておらず、筋肉が変性されやすくゲル形成能も劣る赤身魚からも、食感の良い水産練り製品を得ることができる。また、アルカリ晒しをしないため魚肉が膨潤せず、脱水が困難になることがなく、その後の製造が容易となる。 According to the above invention, by adding sugar, polymerized phosphate, and pH adjuster that adjusts the pH of fish meat to the alkali side as a quality improver to surimi made from frozen frozen red fish These ingredients synergistically exert an effect, obtain a good gel-forming ability, remarkably improve the elasticity, and produce a marine product with a good texture. In addition, a fish product with a good texture can be obtained from a red fish whose internal organs and the like have not been removed upon freezing and whose muscles are easily denatured and have poor gel-forming ability. Moreover, since it is not exposed to alkali, the fish meat does not swell, dehydration does not become difficult, and subsequent production becomes easy.

本発明により製造される水産練り製品としては、例えば、蒲鉾、揚げ蒲鉾、竹輪、つみれ、なると巻、はんぺん、魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ等がある。特に、これらの水産練り製品の中でも食感の良さが求められる蒲鉾、竹輪等に対して好適である。   Examples of the fishery product produced according to the present invention include salmon, deep-fried salmon, bamboo rings, tsumire, noodle roll, bran, fish ham, fish sausage and the like. In particular, among these marine products, it is suitable for bamboo shoots, bamboo rings and the like that require good texture.

添加される品質改良剤のうち、糖類は、水産練り製品において冷凍変性防止剤として広く使用されているのは上述の通りであり、筋原線維中の水分子の状態を安定させる作用がある。糖類としては、例えば、グルコース、マルトース、ラクトース、フラクトース等の還元糖、砂糖、ラフィノース等の非還元糖、ソルビトール、マンニトール、ラクチトール、マルチトール等の糖アルコールが採用できる。この糖類の添加量としては、1〜10%重量が好ましい。これは、1重量%未満では筋原線維中の水分子の安定化の作用が弱くなり、10重量%を超えると甘味が強くなりすぎる恐れがあるからである。   Among the quality improvers added, saccharides are widely used as antifreezing agents in fishery paste products as described above, and have the effect of stabilizing the state of water molecules in myofibrils. Examples of sugars that can be used include reducing sugars such as glucose, maltose, lactose, and fructose, non-reducing sugars such as sugar and raffinose, and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, lactitol, and maltitol. The addition amount of the saccharide is preferably 1 to 10% by weight. This is because if it is less than 1% by weight, the action of stabilizing water molecules in myofibrils is weakened, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the sweetness may become too strong.

重合リン酸塩も、糖類同様に水産練り製品において冷凍変性防止剤及び弾力増強剤として広く使用されている。重合リン酸塩は、筋原繊維のアクチンとミオシンを解離させるため、すり身を塩摺り(擂潰)する工程においてタンパク質の溶解性が高まり、水産練り製品の食感を改善させる作用がある。添加量としては0.1〜0.5重量%の使用が好ましい。これは、0.1重量%未満ではその効果が薄く、0.5重量%を超えると渋味やえぐ味が発生しやすくなるためである。なお、重合リン酸塩は、白身魚を用いたすり身ではpHを中性に保つpH調整剤としての作用もあるが、冷凍赤身魚においては、元々の肉のpHが6以下に下がることが多いため、pH調整剤としての効果は殆ど期待できない。また、前記塩摺りにおいては、食塩が2〜3重量%添加されることが好ましい。   Polymerized phosphates are also widely used as freeze-modification inhibitors and elasticity enhancers in marine products as well as sugars. The polymerized phosphate dissociates the myofibrillar actin and myosin, so that the solubility of the protein is increased in the process of salting (crushed) the surimi and has the effect of improving the texture of the fish paste product. The addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. This is because when the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect is small, and when the amount exceeds 0.5% by weight, astringency and a bitter taste are likely to occur. Polymerized phosphate also acts as a pH adjuster that keeps the pH neutral in surimi using white fish, but in frozen red fish, the pH of the original meat often falls to 6 or less. Therefore, the effect as a pH adjuster can hardly be expected. Moreover, in the salting, it is preferable that 2-3 weight% of salt is added.

pH調整剤は、酸性の冷凍赤身魚の肉を中性乃至弱アルカリ性に調整する作用を有する。魚肉をアルカリ側に調整できるものであれば特に限定されないが、アルカリの強度として、pH6ないし6以下の冷凍赤身魚の肉を、pH7〜10程度まで調整できるものが好ましい。また、pH調整剤が、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウムから選ばれる1種以上の炭酸塩からなることが好ましい。添加量は、炭酸ナトリウムに換算して好ましくは0.1〜2.0重量%であり、より好ましくは0.5〜2.0重量%、さらに好ましくは1.0〜1.5重量%である。これは、添加量が0.1重量%未満であるとpHを調整する効果がなく、2.0重量%を超えると肉がアルカリ性に傾き過ぎるからである。この添加量によれば、0.5〜2.0重量%のときに塩摺り肉のpHが7.8〜9.5となり食感の良い水産練り製品が製造され、1.0〜1.5重量%のときにpHが8.8〜9.2となり、さらに食感の良い水産練り製品が製造される。   A pH adjuster has the effect | action which adjusts the meat of acidic frozen red fish to neutrality or weak alkalinity. Although it will not specifically limit if fish meat can be adjusted to the alkali side, The thing which can adjust the meat of frozen red fish of pH 6 to 6 or less to pH 7-10 is preferable as alkali strength. Moreover, it is preferable that a pH adjuster consists of 1 or more types of carbonate chosen from sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate. The addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight in terms of sodium carbonate, more preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, still more preferably 1.0 to 1.5% by weight. is there. This is because if the addition amount is less than 0.1% by weight, there is no effect of adjusting the pH, and if it exceeds 2.0% by weight, the meat is too alkaline. According to this addition amount, when the content is 0.5 to 2.0% by weight, the pH of the salted meat becomes 7.8 to 9.5, and an aquatic product with a good texture is produced. When the content is% by weight, the pH becomes 8.8 to 9.2, and an aquatic product with a better texture is produced.

なお、本発明において、品質改良剤として添加される糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、pH調整剤とは、食品添加物又は調味料として市販されているものが使用でき、その品質も市販されているもので十分である。   In the present invention, saccharide added as a quality improver, polymerized phosphate, and pH adjuster can be used as food additives or seasonings, and the quality is also commercially available. What you have is enough.

本発明に係る水産練り製品の製造方法は、糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、pH調整剤とを添加させること以外は常法により製造される。その主な工程を説明すると、先ず、魚から採肉して落とし身を得る。次に、その落とし身を数回水で晒して余分な色素、脂肪、血液、水溶性タンパク質等を除去させる。次に、脱水し、添加物を加え、混合し、魚肉すり身を得る。次に、必要に応じ再度添加物を加え、塩摺り(擂潰)し、塩摺り肉(肉糊)を得る。そして、塩摺り肉を成型し、加熱し、冷却してでき上がる。なお、前記添加物とは、品質改良剤としての糖類、重合リン酸塩、pH調整剤、及び食塩をはじめとする調味料等である。   The manufacturing method of the fish paste product concerning this invention is manufactured by a conventional method except adding saccharides, a polymerization phosphate, and a pH adjuster. The main process will be explained. First, meat is minced from a fish to obtain a lost body. Next, the lost body is exposed to water several times to remove excess pigment, fat, blood, water-soluble protein, and the like. Next, dehydrate, add additives and mix to obtain fish surimi. Next, additives are added again if necessary, and salted (crushed) to obtain salted meat (meat paste). Then, the salted meat is formed, heated and cooled to complete. In addition, the said additive is seasonings etc. including saccharides as a quality improvement agent, a polymeric phosphate, a pH adjuster, and salt.

ここで、赤身魚とは、主に、筋肉中の色素成分であるミオグロビンを多量に含む肉色が赤い魚類をいい、例えば、サバ、カツオ、イワシ、サンマ、マグロ、アジ等が挙げられる。また、凍結された冷凍赤身魚としては、漁獲された魚をそのまま凍結させたものと、フィレにして凍結させたものがある。筋肉のタンパク質の変性からみると、魚をそのまま凍結させたものの方が、内臓等が除去されていないため、より筋肉が変性されやすく、ゲル形成能も劣る。本発明では、条件的に厳しい、漁獲された魚をそのまま凍結させたものを主な対象とするが、フィレ等に加工して凍結させたものも対象となる。   Here, the red fish mainly refers to fishes with red meat color containing a large amount of myoglobin, which is a pigment component in muscle, and examples include mackerel, bonito, sardines, saury, tuna and horse mackerel. In addition, the frozen red fish that has been frozen includes a fish that has been caught as it is and a fish that has been frozen as a fillet. From the viewpoint of the denaturation of muscle proteins, the fish frozen as it is is not easily removed from the viscera and the like, so that the muscles are more easily denatured and the gel-forming ability is inferior. The main subject of the present invention is a conditionally severe fish that has been frozen as it is, but is also subject to a product that has been frozen into a fillet or the like.

また、落とし身とは、魚が頭と内臓を除去された後、採肉機にかけられ、骨と皮を分離され採取されたミンチ状の魚肉をいう。また、すり身とは、その後の添加物が混合される工程を経て魚肉が微細化された状態ではあるが、筋肉の組織までは破壊されていないものをいう。また、塩摺り肉は、さらに必要に応じ添加物が添加され、すり身を塩摺りさせることにより筋肉の組織がすり潰され、筋原線維からタンパク質成分が溶出され、魚肉が粘性を持った状態のものをいう。   In addition, the sagging means minced fish meat that has been collected by separating the bone and skin after the fish has been removed from the head and internal organs and then applied to a meat mining machine. Surimi means a state in which fish meat has been refined through a process in which additives are mixed, but the muscle tissue has not been destroyed. In addition, the salted meat is further added with additives as necessary, and when the surimi is salted, the muscle tissue is crushed, the protein components are eluted from the myofibrils, and the fish meat is in a viscous state. Say things.

次に、従来の技術であるアルカリ溶液晒しと、本発明との違いを簡単に述べる。アルカリ溶液晒しは、前述のように魚の落とし身をアルカリ溶液に晒して魚肉のpHが低下するのを防止し、その後に魚肉が脱水されすり身に調製される。したがって、十分な効果を得るためには、船上等において漁獲された後、魚肉のpHが低下する前に速やかにアルカリ溶液晒しをする必要がある。さらに、アルカリ溶液晒しによる魚肉の膨潤により、その後の魚肉の脱水において強力な脱水機の導入が必要となる場合が多い。   Next, the difference between the conventional technique of exposing an alkaline solution and the present invention will be briefly described. As described above, the alkaline solution exposure prevents the fish meat from being dropped into the alkaline solution to lower the pH of the fish meat, and then the fish meat is dehydrated to prepare a surimi. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient effect, it is necessary to expose the alkaline solution promptly after the fish is caught on board or the like and before the pH of the fish meat is lowered. Furthermore, due to the swelling of the fish meat due to the alkaline solution exposure, it is often necessary to introduce a powerful dehydrator in the subsequent dewatering of the fish meat.

一方、本発明では、漁獲された後、既にpHが低下した上に、凍結されることによりタンパク質がさらに変性された、水産練り製品の原材料には不適とされてきた冷凍赤身魚を対象としている。本発明では、この筋肉のタンパク質が変性され、ゲル形成能が劣った魚でも、これらの魚が水産練り製品に加工される工程において、本発明に係る品質改良剤を添加させればよく、特別な工程や設備の必要もなく、食感の良い水産練り製品を製造することができる。   On the other hand, the present invention is directed to a frozen red fish that has been made unsuitable as a raw material for aquatic products, in which the protein has been further denatured by freezing after the pH has been lowered after being caught. In the present invention, even when the muscle protein is denatured and the fish with inferior gel-forming ability is used, the quality improver according to the present invention may be added in the process of processing these fish into fish paste products. There is no need for processes and equipment, and it is possible to produce marine products with a good texture.

また、本発明により、一時に大量に漁獲され水揚げされた赤身魚を凍結させ、その後に加工することが可能となり、赤身魚の有効利用を図ることができるとともに、水産練り製品の製造量の平準化を図ることができる。   In addition, according to the present invention, red fish caught and landed in large quantities at a time can be frozen and processed thereafter, and the red fish can be used effectively, and the production amount of the fishery product can be leveled. Can be planned.

本発明のさらに好ましい例では、前記冷凍赤身魚がゴマサバ又は/及びカツオであることを特徴とする。   In a further preferred example of the present invention, the frozen red fish is sesame or bonito.

本発明のさらに好ましい例によれば、漁獲量が豊富であり、これまで十分に食用として活用されてこなかったゴマサバ、又はカツオの有効利用を図ることができる。   According to a further preferred example of the present invention, it is possible to effectively use sesame mackerel or bonito, which has abundant catch and has not been sufficiently used for food.

本発明によれば、ゲル形成能が低く、水産練り製品には不適とされてきた赤身魚を凍結させた冷凍赤身魚を使用し、食感の良い良質な水産練り製品を製造することができる。また、その製造工程においても、特別な設備等が必要なく、従来の設備においても簡単に製造することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is possible to produce a high quality fish paste product having a good texture by using a frozen red fish obtained by freezing a red fish which has a low gel-forming ability and has been unsuitable for a fish paste product. Also, in the manufacturing process, no special equipment or the like is required, and it can be easily manufactured with conventional equipment.

実施例1における破断強度(g)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking strength (g) in Example 1. FIG. 実施例1における破断凹み(mm)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking dent (mm) in Example 1. FIG. 実施例1におけるゲル剛性(g/cm)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gel rigidity (g / cm) in Example 1. FIG. 実施例2における破断強度(g)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking strength (g) in Example 2. FIG. 実施例2における破断凹み(mm)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking dent (mm) in Example 2. FIG. 実施例2における破断強度(g)とゲル剛性(g/cm)の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the breaking strength (g) in Example 2, and gel rigidity (g / cm). 実施例3における破断強度(g)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking strength (g) in Example 3. FIG. 実施例3における破断凹み(mm)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the breaking dent (mm) in Example 3. FIG.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
[実施例1]
本実施例では、凍結された冷凍ゴマサバからすり身を調製し、そのすり身から水産練り製品を製造した。この冷凍ゴマサバは、漁獲された後、移送される時間を経て漁港に水揚げされ、その後に凍結されたものである。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[Example 1]
In this example, surimi was prepared from frozen frozen sesame mackerel, and an aquatic product was produced from the surimi. This frozen sesame mackerel is caught in a fishing port after being transported, and then frozen.

まず、冷凍ゴマサバを解凍後、常法を用いてすり身にした。その手順は、ゴマサバから落とし身を採肉し、水晒しと脱水を3回ずつ行い、さらに、8重量%の砂糖と、0.3重量%の重合リン酸塩を添加し、混合し、すり身を調製したものである。それぞれの工程における魚肉のpHを表1に示す。

Figure 0006045862
First, frozen sesame mackerel was thawed and then ground using conventional methods. The procedure is to remove the flesh from sesame mackerel, perform water exposure and dehydration three times, add 8% sugar and 0.3% polymerized phosphate, mix, and surimi. Was prepared. The pH of fish meat in each step is shown in Table 1.
Figure 0006045862

表1から明らかなように、冷凍ゴマサバの落とし身のpHは6以下の値である。この値は、一般に報告されている赤身魚のpHが低下したときの値と変わらず、本実施例の原材料においても筋肉のpHが既に低下して、筋肉中のタンパク質が変性している状態であることがうかがえる。また、水晒しを繰り返し、砂糖と重合リン酸塩を添加させた時点でpHが約6.5まで上昇しているが、これから行う塩摺りで通常pHは0.2〜0.3低下する。したがってこのままの状態で塩摺りをすれば、その後の魚肉のpHは6台前半の値を示すと考えられる。   As is clear from Table 1, the pH of the frozen sesame mackerel lost weight is 6 or less. This value is not different from the commonly reported value when the pH of red fish is lowered, and the muscle pH is already lowered in the raw material of this example, and the protein in the muscle is denatured. I can see that. In addition, when the water is repeatedly exposed and the sugar and the polymerized phosphate are added, the pH rises to about 6.5. However, the pH is usually lowered by 0.2 to 0.3 by salting. Therefore, if salting is carried out in this state, the pH of the subsequent fish meat is considered to show the value of the first half of the six units.

次に、上記すり身に炭酸ナトリウムが無添加のもの、及び0.5重量%、1.0重量%、1.5重量%、2.0重量%添加された5種類のすり身を用意し、それぞれのすり身を塩摺りして塩摺り肉を得た。これら5種類の塩摺り肉のpHを表2に示す。なお、塩摺りにおいて、食塩を3%添加した。

Figure 0006045862
表2から明らかなように、炭酸ナトリウムを0.5重量%添加したときに、すでにpHが水産練り製品に適しているといわれる7台まで上昇している。その後も添加量に応じてpHが上昇していくが、徐々にpHの上昇の仕方が緩やかになっていく。 Next, prepare 5 types of surimi with no added sodium carbonate and 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% by weight of surimi. The surimi was salted to obtain salted meat. Table 2 shows the pH of these five types of salted meat. In salting, 3% of sodium chloride was added.
Figure 0006045862
As is apparent from Table 2, when 0.5% by weight of sodium carbonate was added, the pH had already increased to 7 units that are said to be suitable for marine products. Thereafter, the pH rises according to the amount added, but the method of increasing the pH gradually becomes gentler.

次に、上記の5種類の塩摺り肉をケーシングにそれぞれ充填し、直ちに蒸し器で25分間加熱し、ゲル化させることにより直径25mm、長さ25mmの円筒形の試料を得た。この試料を常温まで冷却させた後、レオメータ(押込み強度試験機)により物性を測定した。測定方法は、試料をその円筒形の平面が上下になるように台に載置させ、直径5mmの球形プランジャーを進入速度60mm/minで試料の平面の中心に押し当てた。そして、試料が破断し抵抗を失ったときの破断強度(g)と、そのときの破断凹み(mm)を測定した。これら破断強度と破断凹みの値が高いほど、歯応えがありかつしなやかさがある食感の良い水産練り製品といえる。   Next, each of the above-mentioned five kinds of salted meat was filled in a casing, immediately heated in a steamer for 25 minutes, and gelled to obtain a cylindrical sample having a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 25 mm. After cooling this sample to room temperature, the physical properties were measured with a rheometer (indentation strength tester). In the measurement method, the sample was placed on a table so that its cylindrical plane was up and down, and a spherical plunger having a diameter of 5 mm was pressed against the center of the sample plane at an approach speed of 60 mm / min. And the breaking strength (g) when a sample fractured | ruptures and lost resistance, and the breaking dent (mm) at that time were measured. It can be said that the higher the value of these breaking strengths and breaking dents, the better the texture and flexibility of the marine product.

また、破断強度を破断凹みで除したゲル剛性(g/cm)も算出した。このゲル剛性は、変形量に対する外力の比を示すため、破断時における単位変形量あたりの力を意味する。このことから、水産練り製品の食感と密接な関係を持つ特性の一つとして、品質評価に用いられている。このゲル剛性の値は破断強度と比例関係となることが多く、ゲル剛性の値が高いほど、弾力のある食感の良い水産練り製品といえる。   The gel rigidity (g / cm) obtained by dividing the breaking strength by the breaking dent was also calculated. This gel rigidity means a force per unit deformation amount at the time of breaking because it indicates a ratio of external force to deformation amount. For this reason, it is used for quality evaluation as one of the characteristics closely related to the texture of fishery products. The gel rigidity value is often proportional to the breaking strength, and the higher the gel rigidity value, the more the product can be said to be an elastic fish product with a good texture.

表3に上記各試料のpH、破断強度(g)、破断凹み(mm)、ゲル剛性(g/cm)を示す。また、図1〜3に各試料の破断強度(g)、破断凹み(mm)、ゲル剛性(g/cm)のグラフを示す。

Figure 0006045862
Table 3 shows the pH, breaking strength (g), breaking dent (mm), and gel rigidity (g / cm) of each sample. 1 to 3 show graphs of breaking strength (g), breaking dent (mm), and gel rigidity (g / cm) of each sample.
Figure 0006045862

図1に示すように、破断強度については、炭酸ナトリウムを添加した試料全てにおいて、炭酸ナトリウムを添加しない試料と比較して値が高くなっている。特に、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0重量%及び1.5重量%添加して、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)とさせた試料の破断強度の値が高い傾向にある。また、図2に示すように、破断凹みについても、炭酸ナトリウムを添加した試料全てにおいて、炭酸ナトリウムを添加しない試料と比較して値が高くなっている。特に、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0〜2.0重量%添加して、pH8.8(△)〜9.5(○)とさせた試料の破断凹みの値が高い傾向にある。また、図3に示すように、ゲル剛性については、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0重量%及び1.5重量%添加して、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)とさせた試料が、他の試料に比べ値が高くなっている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the breaking strength is higher in all samples added with sodium carbonate than in the sample not added with sodium carbonate. In particular, the values of the breaking strength of the samples in which sodium carbonate is added at 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% to adjust the pH to 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (×) tend to be high. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the values of the fracture dents are higher in all the samples to which sodium carbonate was added as compared to the samples to which sodium carbonate was not added. In particular, the value of the breaking dent of the sample added with 1.0 to 2.0% by weight of sodium carbonate and adjusted to pH 8.8 (Δ) to 9.5 (◯) tends to be high. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, about the gel rigidity, the sample which added sodium carbonate 1.0weight% and 1.5weight%, and was made into pH 8.8 ((triangle | delta)) and pH 9.2 (x). The value is higher than other samples.

このように、すり身の調製時又は塩摺り時の魚肉に砂糖、重合リン酸塩とともに炭酸ナトリウムを添加することにより、凍結されたゴマサバから食感の良い水産練り製品が製造できることがわかる。この炭酸ナトリウムの添加量は上記のように、0.5〜2.0重量%添加し、塩摺り肉のpHを7.8(◇)〜9.5(○)とさせることが好ましく、さらには、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0〜1.5重量%添加し、塩摺り肉のpHを8.8(△)〜9.2(×)とさせることがより好ましい。   Thus, it can be seen that by adding sodium carbonate together with sugar and polymerized phosphate to fish meat at the time of preparation of surimi or salting, a marine product with a good texture can be produced from frozen sesame. The amount of sodium carbonate added is preferably 0.5 to 2.0% by weight as described above, and the pH of the salted meat is preferably 7.8 (() to 9.5 (◯). More preferably, sodium carbonate is added in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5% by weight, and the salted meat has a pH of 8.8 (Δ) to 9.2 (x).

[実施例2]
次に、実施例2として、上記の実施例1で調整されたすり身に、加水を行いながら塩摺りをした試料を作製した。一般に水産練り製品において、ゲルの硬さはタンパク質濃度と強い相関があることが知られているが、水産練り製品を製造する場合には、副原料として魚肉以外の食品が混入されることがある。そこで、副原料が混入されたことを想定して、実施例1の各炭酸ナトリウム添加量のすり身に、それぞれ加水をしないもの、及び加水量15重量%、30重量%、45重量%の条件で塩摺り肉を調製した。そして、これらの塩摺り肉を実施例1同様の条件で加熱冷却し試料を得た。なお、すり身に加水がされたこと以外は、製造方法も実施例1同様である。
[Example 2]
Next, as Example 2, a sample was prepared by subjecting the surimi prepared in Example 1 above to salting while adding water. In general, it is known that the hardness of the gel has a strong correlation with the protein concentration in the fish paste product, but when producing the fish paste product, food other than fish meat may be mixed as an auxiliary material. Therefore, assuming that the auxiliary material was mixed, the surimi of each sodium carbonate addition amount of Example 1 was not watered, and the conditions were 15% by weight, 30% by weight, and 45% by weight. Salted meat was prepared. These salted meats were heated and cooled under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain samples. The manufacturing method is the same as in Example 1 except that the surimi is hydrated.

それぞれの試料のタンパク質濃度(%)、破断強度(g)、破断凹み(mm)、ゲル剛性(g/cm)を表4〜7に示す。また、図4に各試料のタンパク質濃度(%)と破断強度(g)の関係を表したグラフを、図5に各試料のタンパク質濃度(%)と破断凹み(mm)の関係を表したグラフを、図6に各試料のゲル剛性(g/cm)と破断強度(g)の関係を表したグラフを示す。この図4,6のグラフの直線は、各試料の近似直線である。なお、これらの各試料の測定方法は、タンパク質濃度はケルダール法で、その他は実施例1同様のレオメータと測定方法で測定した。

Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Tables 4 to 7 show the protein concentration (%), breaking strength (g), breaking dent (mm), and gel rigidity (g / cm) of each sample. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the protein concentration (%) and breaking strength (g) of each sample, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the protein concentration (%) and breaking dent (mm) of each sample. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the gel rigidity (g / cm) and the breaking strength (g) of each sample. The straight lines in the graphs of FIGS. 4 and 6 are approximate straight lines of the respective samples. In addition, as for the measurement method of each sample, the protein concentration was measured by the Kjeldahl method, and the others were measured by the same rheometer and measurement method as in Example 1.
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862

タンパク質濃度は、pHが異なっても、加水量に応じて低下する傾向が見られた。それぞれの値は、加水量0重量%では18.5%前後、加水量15重量%では16.2%前後、加水量30重量%では14.3%前後、加水量45重量%では13.1%前後となった。   The protein concentration tended to decrease according to the amount of water added even when the pH was different. The respective values are around 18.5% at 0% by weight, around 16.2% at 15% by weight, around 14.3% at 30% by weight, and 13.1 at 45% by weight. It was around%.

また、図4に示すように、それぞれの破断強度ではいずれのタンパク質濃度においても、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0重量%及び1.5重量%添加し、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)に調製されたゲルが、pH9.5(○)、pH7.8(◇)及びpH6.3(□)のものよりも高い値を示す傾向が見られた。一方、図5に示すように、破断凹みではpHによる差異が破断強度よりも明確に現れたが、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)のものが優位である点では同様である。   Further, as shown in FIG. 4, at each breaking strength, sodium carbonate was added at 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% at any protein concentration, and pH 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (× ) Showed a tendency to show higher values than those of pH 9.5 (◯), pH 7.8 (◇) and pH 6.3 (□). On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the difference due to pH appears more clearly than the breaking strength in the breaking dent, but the same is true in that the pH 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (×) are superior. .

次に、図6に示すように、破断強度とゲル剛性の関係から、炭酸ナトリウムの添加に伴うpHの変化によってもたらされたゲルの特性を検証した。炭酸カルシウムを添加して調製したものは添加しないものよりもゲル剛性と破断強度の関係を示す直線が左側(上側)に位置している。関係直線がより左側(上側)に位置することは同じゲル剛性のものを破壊するにはより強い力が必要であり、魚肉ゲルの場合にはよりしなやかさを増した強固な状態にあることを意味する。   Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the characteristics of the gel brought about by the change in pH accompanying the addition of sodium carbonate were verified from the relationship between the breaking strength and the gel rigidity. The straight line showing the relationship between the gel rigidity and the breaking strength is located on the left side (upper side) of the one prepared by adding calcium carbonate than the one not added. The fact that the relationship line is located on the left side (upper side) requires a stronger force to break the same gel rigidity, and in the case of fish gel, it is in a strong state with increased flexibility. means.

図中では、炭酸ナトリウム添加量が1.0重量%及び1.5重量%であるpH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)のものがpH7.8(◇)及びpH6.3の(□)ものよりもゲル剛性と破断強度の関係を示す直線が左側(上側)に位置し、その最大値も大きな値となっており、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)の塩摺り肉から調製されたものが他のものよりもしなやかで強固な熱凝固物であったことが示されている。また、それらの直線の傾きが相対的に大きくなっていることから、タンパク含量が高い状態では炭酸ナトリウム添加によって起こる特異的な物性への影響がより顕著に表れることも示唆している。   In the figure, the ones with pH 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (x) with 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% of sodium carbonate added are those with pH 7.8 (◇) and pH 6.3 ( □) The straight line showing the relationship between the gel rigidity and the breaking strength is located on the left side (upper side), and the maximum value is also a large value, and pH 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (×) salts. It is shown that what was prepared from the ground meat was a heat coagulated product that was more supple and stronger than the others. Further, since the slopes of these straight lines are relatively large, it is suggested that the effect on specific physical properties caused by the addition of sodium carbonate appears more remarkably when the protein content is high.

また、炭酸ナトリウムの添加量が2.0重量%であるpH9.5(○)の試料の関係直線は、その最大値がやや劣るものの、pH8.8(△)及びpH9.2(×)のものと近似した位置にあり、上記同様の理由からゲルの特性がpH7.8(◇)及びpH6.3(□)のものより優れていることがわかる。   In addition, the relationship line of the sample of pH 9.5 (◯) in which the amount of sodium carbonate added is 2.0% by weight is slightly inferior to the maximum value, but the pH 8.8 (Δ) and pH 9.2 (×). It can be seen that the properties of the gel are superior to those of pH 7.8 (◇) and pH 6.3 (□) for the same reason as above.

なお、破断強度(g)、ゲル剛性(g/cm)においては、加水量を45重量%まで増加させ、タンパク濃度が13%程度まで薄まると炭酸ナトリウムを添加させる優位性が低減されるが、加水量が30重量%以下であれば、炭酸ナトリウムを添加させることによる品質向上が示された。この結果は、加水量を30重量%までとし、タンパク質濃度が14%程度以上であれば、炭酸ナトリウムの添加が有効であることを示唆している。   In addition, in breaking strength (g) and gel rigidity (g / cm), when the amount of water is increased to 45% by weight and the protein concentration is reduced to about 13%, the advantage of adding sodium carbonate is reduced. When the amount of water added was 30% by weight or less, quality was improved by adding sodium carbonate. This result suggests that the addition of sodium carbonate is effective when the water content is up to 30% by weight and the protein concentration is about 14% or more.

このように、副原料が混入され、タンパク質濃度が薄くなった塩摺り肉においても、炭酸ナトリウムを添加することにより、ゲルの特性がよりしなやかな方向に変化する傾向となることが示された。特に炭酸ナトリウムを1.0〜2.0重量%添加させたpH8.8〜pH9.5のものが有利な状態となり好ましく、さらに炭酸ナトリウム添加量を1.0〜1.5重量%添加させたpH8.8〜pH9.2のものが最も有利な状態となりより好ましい。   Thus, it was shown that even in the salted meat in which the auxiliary material was mixed and the protein concentration was reduced, the gel characteristics tend to change in a more supple direction by adding sodium carbonate. In particular, pH 8.8 to pH 9.5 to which sodium carbonate is added in an amount of 1.0 to 2.0% by weight is an advantageous state, and the addition amount of sodium carbonate is further added in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5% by weight. A pH of 8.8 to pH 9.2 is the most advantageous state and more preferable.

[実施例3]
次に、実施例3では、凍結された冷凍マルソーダカツオから調製されたすり身から、予備加熱工程を加えた製造方法で水産練り製品を製造した。この予備加熱工程において、白身魚は坐りと呼ばれる弾力の向上が見込まれるため、ゲル強度の向上を目的として当該工程が設けられることが多い。一方、赤身魚では坐りが殆ど発生せず、逆に時間経過とともにゲル形成能が損なわれることが多いため、一般に予備加熱工程は設けない。しかし、夏場等の製造現場においては、すり身及び塩摺り肉が高温になりやすく、その場合、予備加熱と同様の作用があり、肉のゲル形成能が損なわれる恐れがある。そこで、冷凍マルソーダカツオの水産練り製品への利用とともに、予備加熱によるゲル形成能の劣化の抑制を検証した。
[Example 3]
Next, in Example 3, an aquatic paste product was produced from surimi prepared from frozen frozen marsoda skipjack with a production method including a preheating step. In this preheating step, white fish is expected to improve the elasticity called sitting, and therefore, this step is often provided for the purpose of improving the gel strength. On the other hand, a red fish rarely sits, and conversely, the gel-forming ability is often impaired over time. However, in production sites such as summer, surimi and salted meat tend to be hot, and in that case, there is an action similar to preheating, which may impair the gel-forming ability of the meat. Therefore, we verified the use of frozen marsoda skipjack for marine products and the suppression of deterioration of gel-forming ability due to preheating.

本実施例ではすり身の調製までは、実施例1と同様である。次に、このすり身に炭酸ナトリウムが添加されていないもの、及び炭酸ナトリウムが1.0重量%添加されたものを用意し、それぞれのすり身に食塩を3重量%添加させ、塩摺りして塩摺り肉を得た。そして、これらの塩摺り肉を実施例1同様のケーシングに充てんして、予備加熱をしないもの、及び30℃の条件で予備加熱を1時間から5時間まで1時間おきにした肉を用意した。次にこれらの肉を、蒸し器で25分間加熱し、ゲル化させ、さらに常温まで冷却させることにより直径25mm、長さ25mmの円筒形の試料を得た。   This example is the same as Example 1 up to the preparation of surimi. Next, prepare the surimi to which no sodium carbonate is added and 1.0% by weight of sodium carbonate, and add 3% by weight of salt to each surimi, and then slicing and salting. I got meat. And these salted meats were filled in the same casing as Example 1, and the thing which did not preheat and the meat which preheated every 1 hour from 1 hour to 5 hours on 30 degreeC conditions were prepared. Next, these meats were heated in a steamer for 25 minutes, gelled, and further cooled to room temperature to obtain a cylindrical sample having a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 25 mm.

これらの試料を実施例1同様のレオメータ及び測定方法で測定した破断強度(g)、破断凹み(mm)を、表8、表9に示す。また、図7、図8に各試料の破断強度(g)、破断凹み(mm)のグラフを示す。

Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862
Tables 8 and 9 show the breaking strength (g) and breaking dent (mm) of these samples measured by the same rheometer and measuring method as in Example 1. 7 and 8 show graphs of breaking strength (g) and breaking dent (mm) of each sample.
Figure 0006045862
Figure 0006045862

図7に示すように、破断強度は、炭酸ナトリウムを1.0重量%添加(△)させたものについて、予備加熱0h及び1hのゲルでは増強が確認されなかったが、その後の予備加熱実験において、2時間目に添加させた方が無添加(□)を上回った。それ以降も無添加(□)の試料は、予備加熱時間の経過と共に破断強度が減少傾向にあったが、炭酸ナトリウムが添加された試料は、3時間目以降の破断強度の減少が見られず、炭酸ナトリウムの添加により予備加熱に伴う現象を抑制できることが確認された。   As shown in FIG. 7, the strength at break was not confirmed in the preheated 0h and 1h gels with 1.0 wt% sodium carbonate added (Δ), but in the subsequent preheating experiment, The addition at 2 hours exceeded the addition (□). After that, the sample without addition (□) tended to decrease in breaking strength with the lapse of preheating time, but the sample with added sodium carbonate showed no decrease in breaking strength after the third hour. It was confirmed that the phenomenon accompanying preheating can be suppressed by adding sodium carbonate.

また、図8に示すように、破断凹みは、予備加熱0hのゲルの段階から、無添加(□)に比べ炭酸ナトリウム1.0重量%添加(△)の方が高い値を示した。この値は、30℃予備加熱時間の経過と共に減少傾向を示し、特に炭酸ナトリウム無添加(□)での5時間後の落ち込みは3mm以下とかなり低い値となったが、炭酸ナトリウム1.0重量%添加(△)においては、4mm以上を維持した。このことにより、破断凹みにおいても炭酸ナトリウムを添加することで予備加熱に伴う現象を抑制することが確認された。   Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the fracture dent showed a higher value when 1.0 wt% sodium carbonate was added (Δ) than when it was not added (□) from the preheated 0 h gel stage. This value shows a tendency to decrease with the lapse of 30 ° C. preheating time. Particularly, the drop after 5 hours with no addition of sodium carbonate (□) was a very low value of 3 mm or less. In% addition (Δ), 4 mm or more was maintained. Thus, it was confirmed that the phenomenon accompanying the preheating was suppressed by adding sodium carbonate even in the fracture dent.

このように、すり身に糖類、重合リン酸塩とともに炭酸ナトリウムを添加させることにより、製造工程での肉の温度上昇によるゲル形成能の劣化を抑制でき、食感の良い水産練り製品を製造することができる。また、製造現場での厳重な温度管理が不要となるとともに設備投資に係る費用を低減できる。   Thus, by adding sodium carbonate together with saccharides and polymerized phosphate to surimi, it is possible to suppress degradation of gel forming ability due to rise in meat temperature in the production process, and to produce a marine product with a good texture. it can. In addition, strict temperature control at the manufacturing site is not required, and the cost for capital investment can be reduced.

以上述べたように本発明により、冷凍赤身魚の肉に糖類、重合リン酸塩とともに炭酸ナトリウムを添加し、肉のpHをこれまでの水産練り製品の常識とされてきたpH7前後と相違するpH7.8〜9.5とさせることにより、従来にはできなかった冷凍赤身魚による食感の良い水産練り製品を製造することができた。特に、漁獲されてから漁港まで移送される時間を経て水揚げされた、既に魚肉のpHが低下している赤身魚を凍結させ、この凍結によりさらに筋肉のタンパク質を変性させた冷凍赤身魚を原材料としても、食感の良い水産練り製品を製造することができるため、特別な鮮度を要求しない通常の漁獲法、原材料処理においても、赤身魚を水産練り製品の原材料とすることができ、産業レベルでの実施が容易となるとともに、水産資源の有効利用を図ることができる。また、製造工程での肉の温度上昇による品質の劣化を抑制できるため、製造にかかるコストを低減することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, sodium carbonate is added together with saccharides and polymerized phosphate to the meat of frozen red fish, and the pH of the meat is different from about pH 7 which has been the common sense of fishery products so far. By making it ˜9.5, it was possible to produce an aquatic product with a good texture with frozen red fish, which could not be achieved in the past. In particular, frozen fish that have been fished and then transferred to the fishing port and that have already been fished and whose pH has been lowered are frozen. However, since it is possible to produce a fishery paste product with a good texture, red fish can be used as a raw material for fishery paste products even in normal fishing methods and raw material processing that do not require special freshness. This makes it easier to use marine resources. Moreover, since the deterioration of the quality by the temperature rise of the meat in a manufacturing process can be suppressed, the cost concerning manufacture can be reduced.

なお、上記実施例には、凍結されていない赤身魚を原材料とした実施例はないが、凍結された魚を原材料として食感の良い水産練り製品が製造できるならば、凍結されていない魚でもその実施が可能であることはいうまでもない。また、上述した実施例は、本発明の水産練り製品の例示であり、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、構成の一部を適宜変更して実施できる。   In the above-mentioned examples, there is no example using raw fish that has not been frozen as long as it is a raw material. Needless to say, implementation is possible. Moreover, the Example mentioned above is an illustration of the fishery paste product of this invention, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, a part of structure can be changed suitably and can be implemented.

Claims (6)

魚の落とし身をすり身にして製造される水産練り製品の製造方法において、
前記魚が頭と内臓とをそのまま残した状態で凍結された冷凍赤身魚であるとともに、前記魚から得られた魚肉がアルカリ溶液に晒されないで前記すり身に加工され、
前記すり身に糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、魚肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整するpH調整剤とを添加したことを特徴とする水産練り製品の製造方法
In the production method of fish paste products manufactured by surimi fish sacrificial,
The fish head and viscera and the left as it was frozen red fish der frozen state Rutotomoni, fish meat obtained from the fish is processed in the surimi without being exposed to the alkaline solution,
A method for producing an aquatic product obtained by adding saccharides, polymerized phosphate, and a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of fish meat to the alkali side to the surimi.
魚の落とし身をすり身にして製造される水産練り製品の製造方法において、  In the production method of fish paste products manufactured by surimi fish sacrificial,
前記魚が頭と内臓とをそのまま残した状態で凍結された冷凍赤身魚であるとともに、前記魚から得られた魚肉がアルカリ溶液に晒されないで前記すり身に加工され、  The fish is a frozen red fish frozen with the head and internal organs left intact, and the fish meat obtained from the fish is processed into the surimi without being exposed to an alkaline solution,
前記すり身に糖類と、重合リン酸塩と、魚肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整するpH調整剤とを添加し、その後前記すり身を凍結保存せずに製造したことを特徴とする水産練り製品の製造方法。  A method for producing an aquatic kneaded product, wherein a sugar, a polymerized phosphate, and a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of fish meat to an alkali side are added to the surimi, and then the surimi is produced without being frozen and stored. .
前記pH調整剤が炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウムから選ばれる1種以上の炭酸塩からなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の水産練り製品の製造方法The said pH adjuster consists of 1 or more types of carbonate chosen from sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate , The manufacturing method of the fishery paste product of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記すり身に糖類を1〜10重量%、重合リン酸塩を0.1〜0.5重量%、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウムから選ばれる1種以上の炭酸塩を炭酸ナトリウムに換算して0.1〜2.0重量%添加したことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の水産練り製品の製造方法The surimi is carbonated with 1 to 10% by weight of sugar, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of polymerized phosphate, and at least one carbonate selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and potassium bicarbonate. The method for producing an aquatic kneaded product according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 0.1 to 2.0% by weight in terms of sodium is added. 前記すり身を塩摺りさせたときの魚肉のpHが7.8〜9.5であることを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれか1項に記載の水産練り製品の製造方法The method for producing a fishery paste product according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the fish meat has a pH of 7.8 to 9.5 when the surimi is salted. 前記冷凍赤身魚がゴマサバ又は/及びカツオであることを特徴とする請求項1ないしのいずれか1項に記載の水産練り製品の製造方法The method for producing an aquatic product according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the frozen red fish is sesame or bonito.
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