JP6043026B1 - Flow field measuring device and flow field measuring method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/50—Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target
- G01S15/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S15/60—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/50—Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target
- G01S15/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S15/62—Sense-of-movement determination
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Abstract
数Ｈｚ程度で変化する環境においても適切に流場を測定することを可能とする流場測定装置である。流場測定装置は、船底の複数の計測位置から、それぞれ複数の測定方向につき、前記各測定方向上での複数の異なる計測点における流体の流速を計測する計測部と、流体中の複数の対象位置につき、それぞれ、その近傍に所在する複数の要素位置における流速成分を合成して、前記各対象位置における流速を計算する流場計算部とを有する。前記各要素位置は、所定の前記測定方向上の所定の前記計測点であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置においてそれぞれ前記計測部により計測された流速成分である。This is a flow field measurement device that can appropriately measure a flow field even in an environment that changes at several Hz. The flow field measurement device includes a measurement unit that measures the flow velocity of the fluid at a plurality of different measurement points on each measurement direction from a plurality of measurement positions on the ship bottom, and a plurality of objects in the fluid. Each position has a flow field calculation unit that synthesizes flow velocity components at a plurality of element positions located in the vicinity thereof and calculates a flow velocity at each target position. Each element position is a predetermined measurement point in a predetermined measurement direction, and the flow velocity component is a flow velocity component measured by the measurement unit at each element position.
Description
本発明は、流体中の速度分布を計測する技術に関し、特に、船舶の航行等に伴う伴流の分布を測定する流場測定装置および流場測定方法に適用して有効な技術に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technique for measuring a velocity distribution in a fluid, and more particularly to a technique effective when applied to a flow field measuring apparatus and a flow field measuring method for measuring a wake distribution accompanying navigation of a ship. .
音響式（ドップラー式）船速計や電磁式船速計において船舶の対水速度（船速）を計測する際に、その精度を向上させる技術として、例えば、特開２０１３−１６７５６０号公報（特許文献１）には、海底へ向けて音波を発射する送波部と、送波部から発射された音波の反射波であって、異なる水深に位置している複数の反射物によって反射された複数の反射波を検出する受波部と、音波と反射波との周波数差に基づいて船舶の対水速度を算出する演算処理部とを有する船速計が記載されている。ここで、演算処理部は、音波と複数の反射波のそれぞれとの周波数差に基づいて異なる複数の水深における流速を求めることによって水深方向における流速の変化率を求め、該変化率が所定の閾値以下となる水深における流速を船舶の対水速度として算出する。 As a technique for improving accuracy when measuring the water speed (ship speed) of a ship in an acoustic (Doppler) speedometer or electromagnetic speedometer, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-167560 (patent) Reference 1) includes a wave transmitting unit that emits sound waves toward the seabed, and a plurality of reflected waves of sound waves emitted from the wave transmitting unit that are reflected by a plurality of reflectors located at different water depths. There is described a ship speedometer having a wave receiving part for detecting the reflected wave and a calculation processing part for calculating the water velocity of the ship based on the frequency difference between the sound wave and the reflected wave. Here, the arithmetic processing unit obtains a change rate of the flow velocity in the water depth direction by obtaining flow velocities at different water depths based on the frequency difference between the sound wave and each of the plurality of reflected waves, and the change rate is a predetermined threshold value. The flow velocity at the following water depth is calculated as the water velocity of the ship.
また、特開２００９−１３９１４０号公報（特許文献２）には、位置が既知の３つの超音波流速計の送信波の方向を変更して、各超音波流速計から別の既知の位置に配置された３つのマイクロフォンに向けて送信し、各マイクロフォンのそれぞれにおいて受信強度が大きくなる送信波の方向を各超音波流速計においてそれぞれ検出することで、各超音波流速計における法線方向と方位角の基準方向を同定した上で、各超音波流速計からの送信波の方向を制御し、各超音波流速計からの送信波の反射波を同一の位置の超音波流速計において受信することで送信方向における任意の場所の３次元の流速を検出する技術が記載されている。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-139140 (Patent Document 2) discloses that the direction of transmission waves of three ultrasonic velocimeters whose positions are known is changed, and each ultrasonic velocimeter is arranged at another known position. By transmitting to each of the three microphones, and detecting the direction of the transmitted wave in which the reception intensity is increased in each microphone by each ultrasonic current meter, the normal direction and the azimuth angle in each ultrasonic current meter The direction of the transmitted wave from each ultrasonic velocimeter is controlled, and the reflected wave of the transmitted wave from each ultrasonic velocimeter is received by the ultrasonic velocimeter at the same position. A technique for detecting a three-dimensional flow velocity at an arbitrary location in the transmission direction is described.
船舶の設計において、船体周囲の海水等の流体の流れ（伴流）の速度分布、特に、プロペラへの流入の速度分布を把握することができれば、プロペラの設計に活かすことができる。 In ship design, if the velocity distribution of the flow (wake) of a fluid such as seawater around the hull, particularly the velocity distribution of the inflow into the propeller, can be grasped, it can be utilized for the design of the propeller.
プロペラへの流入速度分布の把握に際しては、例えば、スケールが異なる船体の模型等を用いて実際に測定したり、実際の船体において計測装置を設置して測定したり等の手法が用いられてきたが、十分な精度が得られなかったり、流速を測定する場所が多いことから測定負荷・コストが過大であったり等の課題を有していた。また、数値流体力学（ＣＦＤ：Computational Fluid Dynamics）解析などのシミュレーションにより把握することも可能であるが、例えば、喫水が変わった場合や、船が横揺れや縦揺れ等（動揺）した場合など、航行条件や環境パラメータの多数の組み合わせ毎に解析を行うことは非常に困難・煩雑である。 For grasping the inflow velocity distribution to the propeller, for example, methods such as actual measurement using a model of a hull with a different scale or measurement by installing a measuring device in an actual hull have been used. However, there are problems such as insufficient accuracy and excessive measurement load and cost because there are many places to measure the flow velocity. In addition, it is possible to grasp by simulation such as CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis. For example, when the draft changes, or when the ship rolls or sways (sway), etc. It is very difficult and cumbersome to analyze every combination of navigation conditions and environmental parameters.
一方で、例えば、特許文献２に記載されたような技術を用いることで、プロペラ周りなどの船体周囲における３次元の流速分布を実際に測定することは可能である。しかしながら、航行中の船舶におけるプロペラは数Ｈｚ程度で回転しているため、プロペラ周囲の流速分布（流場）を適切に測定するには、測定に要する時間も数Ｈｚ程度で変化する環境に対応できる程度に短時間であることが必要となる。この点、特許文献２に記載された技術では、流場を測定する、すなわち多数の位置の流速を測定するためには、測定対象の位置を順次移動・変更して走査する必要があり、プロペラ周囲など短時間での測定が求められる場面には適さない。 On the other hand, for example, by using a technique as described in Patent Document 2, it is possible to actually measure a three-dimensional flow velocity distribution around the hull such as around the propeller. However, since the propellers in a ship that is sailing are rotating at around several Hz, in order to properly measure the flow velocity distribution (flow field) around the propeller, the time required for measurement also corresponds to an environment that changes at around several Hz. It needs to be as short as possible. In this regard, in the technique described in Patent Document 2, in order to measure the flow field, that is, to measure the flow velocities at a large number of positions, it is necessary to sequentially move and change the position of the measurement object, and the propeller It is not suitable for scenes that require measurement in a short time such as the surroundings.
そこで本発明の目的は、数Ｈｚ程度で変化する環境においても適切に流場を測定することを可能とする流場測定装置および流場測定方法を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a flow field measuring apparatus and a flow field measuring method that can appropriately measure a flow field even in an environment that changes at about several Hz.
本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。 The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.
本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、以下のとおりである。 Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
本発明の代表的な実施の形態による流場測定装置は、船舶の周囲の流場を測定する流場測定装置であって、船底の複数の計測位置から、それぞれ複数の測定方向につき、前記各測定方向上での複数の異なる計測点における流体の流速を計測する計測部と、流体中の複数の対象位置につき、それぞれ、その近傍に所在する複数の要素位置における流速成分を合成して、前記各対象位置における流速を計算する流場計算部と、を有するものである。 A flow field measurement device according to a typical embodiment of the present invention is a flow field measurement device that measures a flow field around a ship, and each of the above-mentioned respective measurement directions from a plurality of measurement positions on the ship bottom. For each of a plurality of target positions in the fluid and a measurement unit that measures the flow velocity of the fluid at a plurality of different measurement points in the measurement direction, the flow velocity components at a plurality of element positions located in the vicinity thereof are combined, A flow field calculation unit for calculating a flow velocity at each target position.
前記各要素位置は、船底の前記各計測位置からの所定の前記測定方向上の所定の前記計測点であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置においてそれぞれ前記計測部により計測された流速成分である。 Each element position is a predetermined measurement point in a predetermined measurement direction from each measurement position on the ship bottom, and the flow velocity component is a flow velocity component measured by the measurement unit at each element position. is there.
本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば以下のとおりである。 Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, effects obtained by typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
すなわち、本発明の代表的な実施の形態によれば、数Ｈｚ程度で変化する環境においても適切に流場を測定することが可能となる。 That is, according to the representative embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to appropriately measure the flow field even in an environment that changes at about several Hz.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、実施の形態を説明するための全図において、同一部には原則として同一の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。一方で、ある図において符号を付して説明した部位について、他の図の説明の際に再度の図示はしないが同一の符号を付して言及する場合がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted. On the other hand, parts described with reference numerals in some drawings may be referred to with the same reference numerals although not illustrated again in the description of other drawings.
＜概要＞
図１は、本発明の一実施の形態である流場測定方法について概要を示した図である。上段の図では測定方法の概要について示しており、下段の図では測定結果として得られた流場の例を示している。本実施の形態の流場測定方法は、異なる位置に設置された複数の音響式（ドップラー式）船速計を用いて、流体中の所定の位置に対応する流速成分をそれぞれ求め、これらを合成することで２次元もしくは３次元の流速分布（流場）を測定するものであり、基本的な原理は特許文献２に記載された技術などと同様である。<Overview>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a flow field measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The upper diagram shows an overview of the measurement method, and the lower diagram shows an example of the flow field obtained as a measurement result. The flow field measurement method of the present embodiment uses a plurality of acoustic (Doppler) ship speedometers installed at different positions to determine flow velocity components corresponding to predetermined positions in the fluid and synthesize them. Thus, a two-dimensional or three-dimensional flow velocity distribution (flow field) is measured, and the basic principle is the same as the technique described in Patent Document 2.
一方で本実施の形態では、特許文献１に記載された技術と同様の技術により船底下の複数の深さ（より正確には船底からの複数の距離）における流速（対水船速）を求める多層型の船速計の原理を利用することで、船体周囲の多数の位置の流速を数Ｈｚ程度の環境の変化に対応できる程度の短時間で測定することを可能とするものである。 On the other hand, in the present embodiment, flow velocities (vs. water speed) at a plurality of depths (more precisely, a plurality of distances from the bottom) under the ship bottom are obtained by a technique similar to the technique described in Patent Document 1. By utilizing the principle of the multi-layer type ship speedometer, it is possible to measure the flow velocities at a large number of positions around the hull in a short time enough to cope with an environmental change of about several Hz.
図１の上段の図は、複数の多層型の船速計により船体周囲の多数の位置の流速を測定する例の概要を示している。ここでは、異なる位置に設置された２つの多層型船速計のセンサ２ａ、２ｂが、それぞれ、音波の発信方向（音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂ）を同一平面上の一定範囲で一定間隔で変化させて走査する。多層型船速計では１回の測定で音波発信方向における複数の位置での流速を計測することができる。すなわち、各音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂにおいて、複数の計測点５ａ、５ｂでの流速４ａ、４ｂ（図中では音波の発信方向の成分）を一括して計測することができる。 The upper part of FIG. 1 shows an outline of an example in which the flow velocities at a large number of positions around the hull are measured by a plurality of multilayer speedometers. Here, the sensors 2a and 2b of two multi-layered ship speedometers installed at different positions change the sound wave transmission directions (sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b) at regular intervals within a certain range on the same plane. Scan. The multi-layer ship speedometer can measure the flow velocity at a plurality of positions in the sound wave transmission direction by one measurement. That is, in each of the sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b, the flow velocities 4a and 4b (components in the sound wave transmission direction in the drawing) at the plurality of measurement points 5a and 5b can be measured collectively.
このとき、センサ２ａのある音波発信方向６ａにおけるある計測点５ａと、センサ２ｂのある音波発信方向６ｂにおけるある計測点５ｂとが重なる場合に、当該計測点５ａ、５ｂでそれぞれ計測された流速４ａ、４ｂをベクトルとして合成することで、計測点５ａ、５ｂの位置（すなわち音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂの交点）における合成流速７のベクトルを得ることができる。このような合成を、音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂの走査範囲において計測点５ａと計測点５ｂが重なる複数の位置においてそれぞれ行うことで、図１の下段の図に示すように走査平面上の一定範囲における合成流速７の分布からなる流場を求めることができる。 At this time, when a certain measurement point 5a in a certain sound wave transmission direction 6a of the sensor 2a and a certain measurement point 5b in a certain sound wave transmission direction 6b of the sensor 2b overlap, the flow velocities 4a measured at the measurement points 5a and 5b, respectively. By combining 4b as a vector, a vector of the combined flow velocity 7 at the positions of the measurement points 5a and 5b (that is, the intersection of the sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b) can be obtained. By performing such synthesis at a plurality of positions where the measurement point 5a and the measurement point 5b overlap each other in the scanning range of the sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b, a certain range on the scanning plane as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. The flow field consisting of the distribution of the combined flow velocity 7 at can be obtained.
本実施の形態では、特許文献１に記載されたような多層型船速計の仕組みを用いることにより、１回の音波の発信により多数の位置の流速を計測することができ、また、各船速計が個別に音波発信方向を走査して計測した複数の位置での流速を合成することで合成流速７を得るため、船体周囲の多数の位置の流速の計測に要する時間を大幅に短縮することができる。 In the present embodiment, by using a mechanism of a multi-layer type ship speedometer as described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to measure flow velocities at a large number of positions by transmitting sound waves once, and for each ship By combining the flow velocities at multiple positions measured by the speedometer individually scanning the sound wave transmission direction, the combined flow velocities 7 are obtained, so the time required to measure the flow velocities at a number of positions around the hull is greatly reduced. be able to.
図２は、上記のような走査平面上での流場の測定をプロペラの周囲の複数箇所で行った場合の結果を可視化した例を示した図である。図示するように、プロペラに流入する前後での流速分布の変化の状況を的確かつ容易に把握することができる。なお、図１、図２の例では、２つの船速計（センサ２ａ、２ｂ）がそれぞれ音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂを同一の平面上で走査することで２次元の流場を測定するものとしているが、各船速計がそれぞれ３次元で走査することで３次元の流場を測定することも可能である。また、合成の対象となる流速成分を測定する船速計の数も２つに限らず３つ以上で構成することも可能である。また、本実施形態では、音響式（ドップラー式）船速計を例として記載するが、同様の手法を他の方式の船速計や潮流計等に適用することも理論的には可能である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of visualizing the result when the flow field measurement on the scanning plane as described above is performed at a plurality of locations around the propeller. As shown in the figure, it is possible to accurately and easily grasp the change state of the flow velocity distribution before and after flowing into the propeller. In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, two ship speedometers (sensors 2a and 2b) measure a two-dimensional flow field by scanning the sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b on the same plane, respectively. However, it is also possible to measure a three-dimensional flow field by each ship speedometer scanning in three dimensions. Further, the number of ship speedometers for measuring the flow velocity component to be synthesized is not limited to two, and can be constituted by three or more. In this embodiment, an acoustic (Doppler) speedometer is described as an example, but it is theoretically possible to apply the same method to other types of speedometers, tidal current meters, and the like. .
＜装置構成＞
図３は、本発明の一実施の形態である流場測定装置の構成例について概要を示した図である。本実施の形態では、上述したように、例えば、特許文献１に記載された多層型船速計と同様の技術により船底下の複数の深さ（より正確には船底からの音波発信方向上での複数の距離）における流速（対水船速）を求める技術を用いる。従って、基本的な構成は特許文献１に記載された多層型船速計と同様のものを含んでいる。<Device configuration>
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of a configuration example of a flow field measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, as described above, a plurality of depths (more precisely, in the direction of sound wave transmission from the bottom of the ship) by the same technique as the multilayer type speedometer described in Patent Document 1, for example, A technique for obtaining a flow velocity (vs. water speed) at a plurality of distances). Therefore, the basic configuration includes the same one as the multilayer type speedometer described in Patent Document 1.
本実施の形態の流場測定装置は、例えば、船体１に設置された複数のセンサ２および流場測定処理部３から構成される。センサ２は、例えば、船体１の船底部もしくはその近傍に設置され、海底側の所定の測定方向（音波発信方向６）に向けて所定の周波数でパルス状の音波を発信する図示しないスピーカと、発信した音波の反射波を受信する図示しないマイクと、音波の発信から受信までの時間差および受信した反射波の周波数などの情報を出力する図示しないトランスデューサ等によって構成される。 The flow field measurement device according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a plurality of sensors 2 and a flow field measurement processing unit 3 installed on the hull 1. The sensor 2 is, for example, installed at or near the bottom of the hull 1 and a speaker (not shown) that emits a pulsed sound wave at a predetermined frequency toward a predetermined measurement direction (sound wave transmission direction 6) on the seabed side, A microphone (not shown) that receives the reflected wave of the transmitted sound wave and a transducer (not shown) that outputs information such as a time difference from the transmission of the sound wave to reception and the frequency of the received reflected wave.
特許文献１に記載されたように、反射波を受信するまでの時間差により音波発信方向６上の計測点５の位置（センサ２からの距離）を把握するとともに、反射波の周波数の変化により流速４を求めることができる。なお、特許文献１に記載された多層型船速計では、各計測点５での対水船速Ｖを求めるものとしているが、これに限られず、本実施の形態では、図示するように、音波発信方向６と同一方向における流速４の成分を求めるものとする。また、本実施の形態では、上述したように、異なる位置に設置された２つ以上のセンサ２が、それぞれ異なる所定の方向に向けて、２次元もしくは３次元で一定範囲を走査する形で音波発信方向６を変化させるものとするが、図３の例では説明の便宜上、特定のセンサ２が特定の一方向に音波を発信している状況を代表的に示している。 As described in Patent Document 1, the position of the measurement point 5 (distance from the sensor 2) in the sound wave transmission direction 6 is grasped by the time difference until the reflected wave is received, and the flow velocity is determined by the change in the frequency of the reflected wave. 4 can be obtained. In the multilayer ship speedometer described in Patent Document 1, the watercraft speed V at each measurement point 5 is obtained. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in the present embodiment, as illustrated, The component of the flow velocity 4 in the same direction as the sound wave transmission direction 6 is obtained. In the present embodiment, as described above, two or more sensors 2 installed at different positions scan sound waves in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional manner in a predetermined range. Although the transmission direction 6 is changed, in the example of FIG. 3, for convenience of explanation, a situation where the specific sensor 2 transmits a sound wave in one specific direction is representatively shown.
センサ２が音波発信方向６を一定範囲内で変化させながら走査する手法については、特に限定されないが、例えば、センサ２の向き（スピーカとマイクの向き）をモータ等の駆動機構により所定の角速度で変化させながら、所定の時間間隔で音波の発信と反射波の受信による計測を複数回行うようにしてもよい。また、センサ２の向きを変化させつつ、所定の角度毎に一旦停止させ、その都度音波の発信と反射波の受信による測定を行うようにしてもよい。 The method of scanning while the sensor 2 changes the sound wave transmission direction 6 within a certain range is not particularly limited. For example, the direction of the sensor 2 (the direction of the speaker and the microphone) is set at a predetermined angular velocity by a driving mechanism such as a motor. You may make it perform the measurement by transmission of a sound wave and reception of a reflected wave several times at predetermined time intervals, changing it. Further, the sensor 2 may be temporarily stopped at every predetermined angle while changing the direction of the sensor 2, and measurement may be performed by transmitting a sound wave and receiving a reflected wave each time.
いずれの構成の場合も、船体１における各センサ２の設置位置に対する、音波の発信と反射波の測定を実際に行う方向（すなわち各音波発信方向６）および当該方向における各層の計測点５の相対位置は、測定機会毎に不変となるように設定し、これらの方向や位置を予め把握しておくものとする。また、これらの方向や位置についてはメンテナンス等のタイミングで設定変更できるようにしてもよい。 In any configuration, the direction in which sound waves are actually transmitted and reflected waves are measured with respect to the installation positions of the sensors 2 in the hull 1 (that is, each sound wave transmission direction 6) and the relative measurement points 5 of each layer in the direction. The position is set so as to be unchanged at every measurement opportunity, and these directions and positions are grasped in advance. Further, these directions and positions may be set and changed at the timing of maintenance or the like.
また、センサ２の音波発信方向６を変化させるにあたり、例えば、センサ２が有するスピーカとマイクとを一体的に連動させて同じ方向を向くように回転等させる構成としてもよいし、スピーカの向きのみを変化させてマイクについては常に同じ方向を向くよう固定的に設置してもよい。 Further, when changing the sound wave transmission direction 6 of the sensor 2, for example, the speaker and the microphone included in the sensor 2 may be integrally linked and rotated so as to face the same direction, or only the direction of the speaker. The microphone may be fixedly installed so that it always faces the same direction.
流場測定処理部３は、センサ２の動作を制御するとともに、センサ２からの出力結果を取得して流場の計算等の処理を行う機能を有する。流場測定処理部３は、後述する各機能を実現するよう設計された集積回路や記憶装置、入出力装置等からなる専用のハードウェアとして実装してもよいし、ＰＣ（Personal Computer）等の汎用の情報処理装置およびその上で稼働するソフトウェアとして実装することも可能である。 The flow field measurement processing unit 3 has a function of controlling the operation of the sensor 2 and acquiring the output result from the sensor 2 and performing processing such as calculation of the flow field. The flow field measurement processing unit 3 may be implemented as dedicated hardware including an integrated circuit, a storage device, an input / output device or the like designed to realize each function described later, or may be a PC (Personal Computer) or the like. It can also be implemented as a general-purpose information processing apparatus and software running on it.
流場測定処理部３は、例えば、制御部３１、計測部３２、流場計算部３３、インタフェース部３４などの各部、および測定データ３５、メッシュ情報３６、設定情報３７、流場データ３８などの各データストアを有する。 The flow field measurement processing unit 3 includes, for example, each unit such as a control unit 31, a measurement unit 32, a flow field calculation unit 33, and an interface unit 34, and measurement data 35, mesh information 36, setting information 37, flow field data 38, and the like. Have each data store.
制御部３１は、流場測定処理部３の各部の動作を、予め設定された設定情報３７の内容等に基づいて自動で、もしくは後述するインタフェース部３４を介したユーザからの指示等に基づいて手動で制御する機能を有する。計測部３２は、センサ２により計測を行い、その結果を取得する機能を有する。具体的には、上述したように、音波発信方向６を変化させながら、所定の方向でセンサ２から発信した送信波と受信した反射波の時間差および反射波の周波数のデータを取得する。取得したデータは、例えば、音波発信方向６毎に測定データ３５として時系列に記録しておく。なお、制御部３１、計測部３２、および測定データ３５や設定情報３７の全部もしくは一部について、１つまたは複数のセンサ２毎に対応させて複数備えるようにしてもよい。 The control unit 31 automatically operates each unit of the flow field measurement processing unit 3 based on the contents of preset setting information 37 or the like, or based on an instruction from the user via the interface unit 34 described later. It has a function of manual control. The measuring unit 32 has a function of measuring by the sensor 2 and acquiring the result. Specifically, as described above, the time difference between the transmitted wave transmitted from the sensor 2 and the received reflected wave in the predetermined direction and the frequency of the reflected wave are acquired while changing the sound wave transmission direction 6. The acquired data is recorded in time series as measurement data 35 for each sound wave transmission direction 6, for example. Note that the control unit 31, the measurement unit 32, and all or a part of the measurement data 35 and the setting information 37 may be provided in correspondence with each one or a plurality of sensors 2.
流場計算部３３は、測定データ３５の内容から、設定情報３７およびメッシュ情報３６の内容等に基づいて、図１に示したような手法により、すなわち、流体中の所定の位置について複数のセンサ２により測定された流速４を合成することで２次元もしくは３次元の流速分布（流場）を算出し、算出結果を流場データ３８として記録する機能を有する。所定の位置、すなわち複数のセンサ２における音波発信方向６の交点の情報については、例えば、各センサ２の設置位置や走査範囲の情報に基づいて、メッシュ情報３６に「○番目のセンサの△番目の方向における□層目の計測点と、●番目のセンサの▲番目の方向における■層目の計測点」のような形で予め登録しておくことができる。 The flow field calculation unit 33 uses a method as shown in FIG. 1 based on the contents of the measurement data 35 and the contents of the setting information 37 and the mesh information 36, that is, a plurality of sensors at a predetermined position in the fluid. 2 has a function of calculating a two-dimensional or three-dimensional flow velocity distribution (flow field) by combining the flow velocity 4 measured by 2 and recording the calculation result as flow field data 38. The information on the intersections of the sound wave transmission directions 6 in the predetermined positions, that is, the sound wave transmission directions 6 in the plurality of sensors 2 is, for example, based on the information on the installation position and scanning range of each sensor 2 in the mesh information 36. The measurement points in the □ layer in the direction of 点 and the measurement points in the □ layer of the □ layer in the ▲ direction can be registered in advance.
インタフェース部３４は、流場測定処理部３に対する入出力のインタフェースを提供する機能を有する。例えば、流場計算部３３によって計算された流場データ３８の内容を図示しないディスプレイ等に表示して出力する。また、流場データ３８や測定データ３５などの蓄積データや、メッシュ情報３６、設定情報３７などについて、図示しない外部記録媒体やネットワークを介して入出力を行う。また、図示しないボタンやダイヤル等からなる操作パネルやリモコン、タッチパネル等を介してユーザからの操作指示やデータの入力を受け付ける。 The interface unit 34 has a function of providing an input / output interface to the flow field measurement processing unit 3. For example, the content of the flow field data 38 calculated by the flow field calculation unit 33 is displayed on a display (not shown) or the like and output. Further, input / output of accumulated data such as flow field data 38 and measurement data 35, mesh information 36, setting information 37, and the like is performed via an external recording medium or a network (not shown). In addition, an operation instruction or data input from a user is accepted via an operation panel including a button or a dial (not shown), a remote controller, a touch panel, or the like.
＜処理フロー＞
図４は、本実施の形態における流場測定処理の流れの例について概要を示したフローチャートである。まず、制御部３１が計測部３２および全てのセンサ２を制御して、各センサ２について音波発信方向６を同一平面上で一定範囲で変化させることで走査しながら、音波発信方向６上の複数の計測点５での流速４を計測する。<Processing flow>
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an outline of an example of the flow of flow field measurement processing in the present embodiment. First, the control unit 31 controls the measurement unit 32 and all the sensors 2, and scans each sensor 2 by changing the sound wave transmission direction 6 within a certain range on the same plane. The flow velocity 4 at the measurement point 5 is measured.
具体的には、全てのセンサ２について処理を行う第１ループ処理を開始し（Ｓ０１）、さらに対象のセンサ２について、予め設定された所定の音波発信方向６の全てについて処理を行う第２ループ処理を開始する（Ｓ０２）。第２ループ処理では、対象の音波発信方向６について、特許文献１に記載された多層型船速計と同様の技術により、複数の計測点５での流速４を短時間に一括して計測して測定データ３５に記録する（Ｓ０３）。その後、次の音波発信方向６となるようセンサ２の方向を変化させ、流速４の計測を継続する（Ｓ０４、Ｓ０２）。全ての音波発信方向６について計測を行うと、第２ループ処理を終了し（Ｓ０４）、次のセンサ２の処理に移る（Ｓ０５、Ｓ０１）。全てのセンサ２について第２ループ処理による流速４の計測を行うと、第１ループ処理を終了する（Ｓ０５）。 Specifically, the first loop process for performing processing for all the sensors 2 is started (S01), and the second loop for performing processing for all the predetermined sound wave transmission directions 6 for the target sensor 2 in advance. The process is started (S02). In the second loop process, the flow velocity 4 at a plurality of measurement points 5 is measured in a short period of time for the target sound wave transmission direction 6 by the same technique as the multilayer type ship speedometer described in Patent Document 1. Is recorded in the measurement data 35 (S03). Thereafter, the direction of the sensor 2 is changed so as to be the next sound wave transmission direction 6, and the measurement of the flow velocity 4 is continued (S04, S02). When measurement is performed for all the sound wave transmission directions 6, the second loop processing is ended (S04), and the processing of the next sensor 2 is performed (S05, S01). When the flow velocity 4 is measured by the second loop process for all the sensors 2, the first loop process is terminated (S05).
なお、記載の便宜上、各センサ２における計測処理を、第１ループ処理によりセンサ２毎に順次行うような処理フローとなっているが、複数のセンサ２が並行的に計測処理を行うよう制御してもよい。ループ処理のように各センサ２における計測タイミングが異なる場合、交点となる各計測点５で得られる流速４は異なるタイミングで計測されたものであり、これらを合成して得られる合成流速７は厳密にはある時点での実際の流速を表したものではないが、時間的な乖離は小さいことからこれに近似するものとして取り扱うことができる。 For convenience of description, the measurement process in each sensor 2 has a processing flow that is sequentially performed for each sensor 2 by the first loop process. However, control is performed so that a plurality of sensors 2 perform measurement processes in parallel. May be. When the measurement timing in each sensor 2 is different as in the loop processing, the flow velocity 4 obtained at each measurement point 5 serving as the intersection is measured at a different timing, and the combined flow velocity 7 obtained by combining these is strictly Although it does not represent the actual flow velocity at a certain point in time, it can be treated as an approximation to this because the temporal divergence is small.
全てのセンサ２について全ての音波発信方向６における複数の計測点５での流速４の測定が終了すると、次に、流場計算部３３が、計測点５の各交点における合成流速７を計算する。すなわち、メッシュ情報３６から計測点５の各交点の情報を取得し（Ｓ０６）、全ての交点について処理を行う第３ループ処理を開始する（Ｓ０７）。第３ループ処理では、対象の交点に対応する各計測点５における流速４のデータを測定データ３５から取得し、これらを合成することで合成流速７を計算して流場データ３８に記録し（Ｓ０８）、次の交点の処理に移る（Ｓ０９、Ｓ０７）。全ての交点について合成流速７を計算すると、第３ループ処理を終了する（Ｓ０９）。 When the measurement of the flow velocity 4 at the plurality of measurement points 5 in all the sound wave transmission directions 6 for all the sensors 2 is completed, the flow field calculation unit 33 then calculates the combined flow velocity 7 at each intersection of the measurement points 5. . That is, the information of each intersection of the measurement point 5 is acquired from the mesh information 36 (S06), and the third loop process for processing all the intersections is started (S07). In the third loop processing, data of the flow velocity 4 at each measurement point 5 corresponding to the target intersection point is acquired from the measurement data 35, and these are combined to calculate the combined flow velocity 7 and record it in the flow field data 38 ( S08), the process proceeds to the next intersection (S09, S07). When the combined flow velocity 7 is calculated for all intersections, the third loop process is terminated (S09).
各交点の合成流速７は、予め設定情報３７等に定められた方法もしくはユーザから指定された方法その他所定の方法により（例えば、図１の下段の図や図２などに示した方法により）、インタフェース部３４を介して出力する。その後は、インタフェース部３４を介したユーザからの指示や、所定の条件（例えば、船の停止等）に起因する制御部３１からの指示等に基づいて、流場測定処理の終了が要求されているか否かを判定し（Ｓ１０）、終了要求がされていない場合にはステップＳ０１以降の処理を繰り返して流場測定処理を継続する。終了要求がされている場合には流場測定処理を終了する。 The combined flow velocity 7 at each intersection is determined by a method set in advance in the setting information 37 or the like or a method designated by the user or other predetermined method (for example, by the method shown in the lower diagram of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2). The data is output via the interface unit 34. Thereafter, the end of the flow field measurement process is requested based on an instruction from the user via the interface unit 34 or an instruction from the control unit 31 caused by a predetermined condition (for example, stop of the ship). It is determined whether or not (S10), and if the termination request is not made, the flow field measurement process is continued by repeating the processes after step S01. When the termination request is made, the flow field measurement process is terminated.
＜変形例＞
本実施の形態では、複数のセンサ２が音波発信方向６を走査しながら計測した複数の計測点５の交点においてそれぞれ得られた流速４を合成することで各交点での合成流速７を計算しているが、流場を求める際のメッシュにおける交点の位置は各計測点５およびこれらの交点の位置とは無関係に別の任意の位置に設けることも可能である。<Modification>
In the present embodiment, the combined flow velocity 7 at each intersection is calculated by combining the flow velocities 4 obtained at the intersections of the plurality of measurement points 5 measured by the plurality of sensors 2 while scanning the sound wave transmission direction 6. However, the position of the intersection point in the mesh for obtaining the flow field can be provided at any other position regardless of the positions of the respective measurement points 5 and these intersection points.
図５は、任意の位置の合成流速７を近傍の複数の計測点５の流速４から求める例について概要を示した図である。図５の例では、実際の音波発信方向６とは無関係に、ユーザが流場を求めるために設定した格子状のメッシュの一部（ｘ＝１〜３、ｙ＝１〜３）を示しており、その中の点Ｐ（ｘ＝２，ｙ＝２）の点における合成流速のｙ方向成分（合成流速７ｙ）を求める場合の例を示している。図中ではさらに、２つのセンサ２（図示しない）における音波発信方向６をそれぞれ矢印で示し（音波発信方向６ａ、６ｂ）、各音波発信方向６上における点Ｐの近傍の計測点５（計測点５ａ＿１、５ａ＿２、および計測点５ｂ＿１、５ｂ＿２）を示している。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of an example in which the combined flow velocity 7 at an arbitrary position is obtained from the flow velocity 4 at a plurality of nearby measurement points 5. In the example of FIG. 5, regardless of the actual sound wave transmission direction 6, a part of a grid-like mesh (x = 1 to 3, y = 1 to 3) set by the user to obtain a flow field is shown. In this example, the y direction component (synthetic flow rate 7y) of the combined flow rate at the point P (x = 2, y = 2) is shown. In the drawing, the sound wave transmission directions 6 of the two sensors 2 (not shown) are indicated by arrows (sound wave transmission directions 6a and 6b), and the measurement points 5 (measurement points) in the vicinity of the point P on each sound wave transmission direction 6 are shown. 5a_1, 5a_2, and measurement points 5b_1, 5b_2).
図５の例では、各音波発信方向６と、メッシュにおけるｘ＝２の格子との交点（点Ｑａ、点Ｑｂ）上での流速４（流速４ａ、流速４ｂ）のｙ方向成分（流速４ｙａ、流速４ｙｂ）をそれぞれ求め、これらを要素として合成して合成流速７ｙを得ている。 In the example of FIG. 5, the y-direction component (flow velocity 4ya, flow velocity 4ya, flow velocity 4a, flow velocity 4b) on the intersection (point Qa, point Qb) between each sound wave transmission direction 6 and the grid of x = 2 in the mesh. Each of the flow rates 4yb) is obtained, and these are combined as elements to obtain a combined flow rate 7y.
点Ｑａ、点Ｑｂ上での流速４ａ、流速４ｂについて、例えば、点Ｑａにおける流速４ａは、音波発信方向６ａ上での点Ｑａの前後の計測点５ａ＿１、計測点５ａ＿２においてそれぞれ測定された流速４ａ＿１および流速４ａ＿２を、点Ｑａと計測点５ａ＿１および計測点５ａ＿２との距離の比で按分したものとして求めることができる。同様に、点Ｑｂにおける流速４ｂは、音波発信方向６ｂ上での点Ｑｂの前後の計測点５ｂ＿１、計測点５ｂ＿２においてそれぞれ測定された流速４ｂ＿１および流速４ｂ＿２を、点Ｑｂと計測点５ｂ＿１および計測点５ｂ＿２との距離の比で按分したものとして求めることができる。 Regarding the flow velocity 4a and the flow velocity 4b on the point Qa and the point Qb, for example, the flow velocity 4a at the point Qa is the flow velocity 4a_1 measured at each of the measurement points 5a_1 and 5a_2 before and after the point Qa on the sound wave transmission direction 6a. And the flow velocity 4a_2 can be obtained by dividing the ratio by the distance ratio between the point Qa, the measurement point 5a_1, and the measurement point 5a_2. Similarly, the flow velocity 4b at the point Qb is the flow velocity 4b_1 and the flow velocity 4b_2 measured at the measurement points 5b_1 and 5b_2 before and after the point Qb on the sound wave transmission direction 6b, respectively. It can be obtained by prorated by the ratio of the distance to 5b_2.
上記のような手法により得られた合成流速７ｙと、同様の手法をｘ方向に対して適用して得られる合成流速７ｘ（図示しない）とを合成することで、点Ｐにおける合成流速７（図示しない）を求めることができる。これにより、複数のセンサ２の音波発信方向６が実際に交差しているか否かに関わらず、所望のメッシュ上の交点について、その近傍の複数の音波発信方向６上の計測点５の流速４から合成流速７を求めることができる。 By synthesizing the combined flow rate 7y obtained by the above method and the combined flow rate 7x (not shown) obtained by applying the same method to the x direction, the combined flow rate 7 (not shown) at the point P is synthesized. Not). Thus, regardless of whether or not the sound wave transmission directions 6 of the plurality of sensors 2 actually intersect, the flow velocity 4 of the measurement points 5 on the plurality of sound wave transmission directions 6 in the vicinity of the desired intersection on the mesh. Can be used to determine the combined flow rate 7.
以上に説明したように、本発明の一実施の形態である流場測定装置および流場測定方法によれば、音波発信方向上の複数の位置における流速を求める多層型船速計の技術を用いる。これにより１回の音波の発信により多数の位置の流速を計測することができ、また、各センサが個別に走査して計測した流速を合成することで合成流速を得るため、船体周囲の多数の位置の流速の計測に要する時間を数Ｈｚ程度の環境の変化に対応できる程度に大幅に短縮することができる。 As described above, according to the flow field measuring device and the flow field measuring method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the technique of the multilayer ship speedometer for obtaining the flow velocities at a plurality of positions in the sound wave transmission direction is used. . As a result, it is possible to measure the flow velocities at a large number of positions by transmitting a single sound wave, and to obtain a combined flow velocity by combining the flow velocities measured by scanning each sensor individually. The time required to measure the flow velocity at the position can be greatly reduced to such an extent that it can cope with an environmental change of about several Hz.
以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を実施の形態に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更可能であることはいうまでもない。例えば、上記の実施の形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、上記の実施の形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。 As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the configurations described. In addition, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of the above-described embodiment.
本発明は、船舶の航行等に伴う伴流の分布を測定する流場測定装置および流場測定方法に利用可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a flow field measuring device and a flow field measuring method for measuring a wake distribution accompanying navigation of a ship.
１…船体、
２、２ａ、２ｂ…センサ、
３…流場測定処理部、
４、４ａ、４ａ＿１、４ａ＿２、４ｂ、４ｂ＿１、４ｂ＿２、４ｙａ、４ｙｂ…流速、
５、５ａ、５ａ＿１、５ａ＿２、５ｂ、５ｂ＿１、５ｂ＿２…計測点、
６、６ａ、６ｂ…音波発信方向、
７、７ｙ…合成流速、
３１…制御部、３２…計測部、３３…流場計算部、３４…インタフェース部、３５…測定データ、３６…メッシュ情報、３７…設定情報、３８…流場データ1 ... hull,
2, 2a, 2b ... sensors,
3 ... Flow field measurement processing unit,
4, 4a, 4a_1, 4a_2, 4b, 4b_1, 4b_2, 4ya, 4yb ... flow velocity,
5, 5a, 5a_1, 5a_2, 5b, 5b_1, 5b_2 ... measurement points,
6, 6a, 6b ... sound wave transmission direction,
7, 7y ... synthesis flow rate,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 31 ... Control part, 32 ... Measurement part, 33 ... Flow field calculation part, 34 ... Interface part, 35 ... Measurement data, 36 ... Mesh information, 37 ... Setting information, 38 ... Flow field data
Claims (6)
船底の複数の計測位置から、それぞれ複数の測定方向につき、前記各測定方向上での複数の異なる計測点における流体の流速を計測する計測部と、
流体中の複数の対象位置につき、それぞれ、その近傍に所在する複数の要素位置における流速成分を合成して、前記各対象位置における流速を計算する流場計算部と、を有し、
前記各要素位置は、船底の前記各計測位置からの所定の前記測定方向上の所定の前記計測点であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置においてそれぞれ前記計測部により計測された流速成分である、流場測定装置。A flow field measuring device for measuring a flow field around a ship,
From a plurality of measurement positions on the bottom of the ship, for each of a plurality of measurement directions, a measurement unit that measures the flow velocity of the fluid at a plurality of different measurement points on each measurement direction,
A plurality of target positions in the fluid, each comprising a flow field calculation unit that synthesizes flow velocity components at a plurality of element positions located in the vicinity thereof and calculates a flow velocity at each of the target positions; and
Each element position is a predetermined measurement point in a predetermined measurement direction from each measurement position on the ship bottom, and the flow velocity component is a flow velocity component measured by the measurement unit at each element position. There is a flow field measuring device.
前記各要素位置は、船底の前記各計測位置からの所定の前記測定方向上の所定の位置であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置の近傍の前記計測点において前記計測部により計測された流速成分に基づいて算出されたものである、流場測定装置。The flow field measurement device according to claim 1,
Each element position is a predetermined position in a predetermined measurement direction from each measurement position on the ship bottom, and the flow velocity component is measured by the measurement unit at the measurement point in the vicinity of each element position. A flow field measuring device that is calculated based on a flow velocity component.
前記計測部は、前記各計測位置につき、それぞれ、一定範囲で前記測定方向を一定間隔で変化させながら、前記各測定方向において複数の前記計測点における流速をそれぞれ一括して計測する、流場測定装置。The flow field measuring device according to claim 1 or 2,
The measurement unit measures the flow velocity at each of the plurality of measurement points in each measurement direction in a batch while changing the measurement direction at a constant interval within a certain range for each measurement position. apparatus.
船底の複数の計測位置から、それぞれ複数の測定方向につき、前記各測定方向上での複数の異なる計測点における流体の流速を計測する第１の工程と、
流体中の複数の対象位置につき、それぞれ、その近傍に所在する複数の要素位置における流速成分を合成して、前記各対象位置における流速を計算する第２の工程と、を有し、
前記各要素位置は、船底の前記各計測位置からの所定の前記測定方向上の所定の前記計測点であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置においてそれぞれ前記計測部により計測された流速成分である、流場測定方法。A flow field measurement method for measuring a flow field around a ship,
A first step of measuring fluid flow velocities at a plurality of different measurement points on each measurement direction from a plurality of measurement positions on the bottom of the ship;
A second step of calculating a flow velocity at each of the target positions by synthesizing flow velocity components at a plurality of element positions located in the vicinity of each of the plurality of target positions in the fluid,
Each element position is a predetermined measurement point in a predetermined measurement direction from each measurement position on the ship bottom, and the flow velocity component is a flow velocity component measured by the measurement unit at each element position. There is a flow field measurement method.
前記各要素位置は、船底の前記各計測位置からの所定の前記測定方向上の所定の位置であり、前記流速成分は、前記各要素位置の近傍の前記計測点において前記計測部により計測された流速成分に基づいて算出されたものである、流場測定方法。The flow field measurement method according to claim 4, wherein
Each element position is a predetermined position in a predetermined measurement direction from each measurement position on the ship bottom, and the flow velocity component is measured by the measurement unit at the measurement point in the vicinity of each element position. A flow field measurement method that is calculated based on a flow velocity component.
前記第１の工程では、前記各計測位置につき、それぞれ、一定範囲で前記測定方向を一定間隔で変化させながら、前記各測定方向において複数の前記計測点における流速をそれぞれ一括して計測する、流場測定方法。In the flow field measuring method according to claim 4 or 5,
In the first step, for each of the measurement positions, the flow velocity at each of the plurality of measurement points is collectively measured in each measurement direction while changing the measurement direction at a constant interval within a certain range. Field measurement method.
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| JP2009139140A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-25 | National Maritime Research Institute | Flow rate measuring apparatus |
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| JPS5245983A (en) * | 1975-10-09 | 1977-04-12 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | System for measuring flow velocity of multiple layers |
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