建物の気密構造１であって、気密構成面の下地を含む構造体１００に取り付けられた付加部材４００に仕上げ材用の下地として、固定部材により取り付けられた板材１０を含む気密構造１であって、付加部材４００と板材１０の間に気密補助材２０が配置され、気密補助材２０自体が弾性を有する材料で形成されており、少なくとも板材１０の側縁に沿って、付加部材４００と板材１０との間に配置され両方に接着している事を特徴とする気密構造１。
An airtight structure 1 of a building, which includes an airtight structure 1 including a plate member 10 attached by a fixing member as a base for a finishing material to an additional member 400 attached to a structure 100 including a base of an airtight configuration surface. The airtight auxiliary member 20 is disposed between the additional member 400 and the plate member 10, and the airtight auxiliary member 20 itself is formed of an elastic material. At least along the side edge of the plate member 10, the additional member 400 and the plate member 10 are provided. An airtight structure 1 characterized by being arranged between and adhered to both.
断熱設計が、断熱、気密、防露性能がセットで設計されるべき事項となっているがさまざまな特徴を有する断熱材５０の種類が現存している中で気密材とのさまざまな組み合わせを代表的な断熱材５０の形態で説明する、断熱材５０は材質による分類と形状による分類がある、本発明では、形状による分類をする、形状はフェルト状、ボード状、ばら状、現場発泡の４種類に分類されるが、本発明ではフェルト状とボード状は密度の違いと捉えるため、同類にしてフェルト状とボード状は１種類としてフェルト、ボード状の断熱材５０Ｃとばら状の断熱材５０Ａと現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂの３種類の断熱材５０として分類する事にする、また、さらに天井断熱と屋根断熱とに分かれ、屋根断熱では、建物の一部を屋根断熱の断熱方法を採用して、両方の断熱方法を併用している場合が現実的に多い。また、断熱材５０を軸組み間の隙間に断熱材５０を施工する充填断熱と軸組みの外側に断熱材５０を施工する外張断熱に分類されるが、本発明はどちらにも採用できる。
Insulation design is a matter that should be designed as a set of heat insulation, air tightness, and dew proof performance, but representative of various combinations with air tight materials in the presence of 50 types of heat insulation materials with various characteristics In the present invention, the heat insulating material 50 is classified according to the material and the shape. In the present invention, the heat insulating material 50 is classified according to the shape. The shape is felt, board, rose, or in-situ foaming. In the present invention, since the felt shape and the board shape are regarded as a difference in density in the present invention, the felt shape and the board shape are regarded as one kind, and the felt, the board-like heat insulating material 50C and the rose-like heat insulating material 50A. Insulating foam 50B is classified into three types of thermal insulation 50, and it is further divided into ceiling insulation and roof insulation. In roof insulation, a part of the building uses the insulation method of roof insulation. If you have a combination of both insulation methods realistically large. Moreover, although the heat insulating material 50 is classified into the filling heat insulation which constructs the heat insulating material 50 in the gap between the shafts and the outer heat insulation which constructs the heat insulating material 50 outside the shafts, the present invention can be employed in either.
気密工事に使用される材料は、気密材と気密補助材２０で構成され、気密性能が保持されている中で、本発明は合板、構造用パネル、石膏ボードに分類される構造用面材を板材１０として称し、気密層の連続性を確保する材料である気密補助材２０を気密テープ２０Ａ、気密パッキン２０Ｂ、に細分して称して説明する。また、本願は気密層の経年劣化に対して、気密補助材２０に弾力性と粘着を含む接着性能を付与する事により、隙間拡大を少なくする事を最大の目的とする特徴を持つ。
The material used for the airtight construction is composed of the airtight material and the airtight auxiliary material 20, and the airtight performance is maintained. In the present invention, the structural face material classified into plywood, structural panel, and gypsum board is used. The airtight auxiliary material 20, which is referred to as the plate material 10 and is a material for ensuring the continuity of the airtight layer, is described by being divided into an airtight tape 20 </ b> A and an airtight packing 20 </ b> B. In addition, the present application has a feature that the greatest object is to reduce gap expansion by providing the hermetic auxiliary material 20 with adhesive performance including elasticity and adhesion against the aging of the hermetic layer.
建物の全体を室内側から気密する気密構造１であって、建物の構造体１００の室内側に固定され、四角形状に形成され、室内側の面に仕上げ材用の下地として取り付ける気密性を確保する板材１０を利用して、板材１０以外の気密材と気密材の継ぎ目に使用される気密補助材２０がすべて室内側から配置されることとし、気密測定値である相当隙間面積が所定の範囲の測定値になるまで補修でき、建物の構造体１００の外部側に配置された下地面材３００を備え、板材１０と面材との間には断熱空間４０及び補助断熱空間４０Ａが形成され、少なくとも、断熱空間４０の室内側に配置された板材１０は上下方向に分割して取り付けられて、３つの分類別の断熱材５０を充填する。
An airtight structure 1 that airtights the entire building from the indoor side, is fixed to the indoor side of the building structure 100, is formed in a square shape, and is airtight so that it can be attached to a surface on the indoor side as a base for finishing material The airtight material other than the plate material 10 and the airtight auxiliary material 20 used at the joint of the airtight material are all arranged from the indoor side, and the corresponding gap area as the airtight measurement value is within a predetermined range. Can be repaired until it reaches the measured value, and comprises a base surface material 300 disposed on the outside of the building structure 100, and a heat insulating space 40 and an auxiliary heat insulating space 40A are formed between the plate material 10 and the surface material, At least the plate member 10 disposed on the indoor side of the heat insulating space 40 is attached by being divided in the vertical direction and filled with three heat insulating materials 50 classified by classification.
気密の精度向上と気密測定の管理上で有利な充填断熱工法の気密ライン設置の概念を採用しながら、気密材である防湿フィルムの管理上の不利なやわらかさを改良した堅い板材１０にした。又、雪国以外の都市部では防湿フィルムを貼る習慣がなかった為、なかなか都市部での現場従事者がなじめないでいた。構造用面材は、都市部では普及し、板材１０の施工には抵抗が少ない為、防湿フィルム、気密シートの代わりに、板材１０で気密をとる事が普及につながると考案した。気密工事は充填断熱工法を採用すると室内側に気密ラインを設けるのが一般的である。その他に外貼断熱工法があるがこちらは構造体１００の外気側で気密層を設けるのが特徴である。建物の全体の気密性能は連続した壁、天井、屋根、床、を連続した気密層で形成され、この継ぎ目と必要設備としての配管や配線が連続した気密層を貫通する時の隙間の断熱化と気密化で気密性能が保たれる、構成面積で高い比率を占める壁、天井、屋根、床の気密施工とその他のすべての気密工事を室内側より施工する方法に統一する事により、気密化する継ぎ目が外貼断熱工法等で採用される外壁材の裏側での気密施工する方法に比べ、室内側より気密工事の補修ができる点で有利になることに着目することができる。
While adopting the concept of hermetic line installation of the filling insulation method, which is advantageous in improving hermetic accuracy and controlling hermetic measurement, the hard plate material 10 has improved the disadvantageous softness of the moisture-proof film that is hermetic material. Also, in urban areas other than snowy countries, there was no custom of applying a moisture-proof film, so it was difficult for local workers to get used to it. The structural face material is prevalent in urban areas, and there is little resistance to the construction of the plate material 10, so it was devised that airtightness with the plate material 10 instead of the moisture-proof film and airtight sheet would lead to widespread use. In airtight construction, it is common to provide an airtight line on the indoor side when the filling insulation method is adopted. In addition, there is an external heat insulation method, but this is characterized in that an airtight layer is provided on the outside air side of the structure 100. The overall airtightness of the building is formed by continuous airtight layers of continuous walls, ceilings, roofs, and floors, and insulation between the gaps when this joint and necessary piping and wiring penetrate the continuous airtight layer. Airtightness is maintained by unifying the airtight construction of walls, ceilings, roofs and floors, which account for a high proportion of the construction area, and all other airtight construction methods from the indoor side. It can be noted that the seam to be used is advantageous in that the airtight construction can be repaired from the indoor side as compared with the method of performing the airtight construction on the back side of the outer wall material adopted in the externally bonded heat insulating method or the like.
充填断熱工法で気密工事をする時に使用される気密材の気密シート等を施工すると継ぎ目部に気密テープ２０Ａ等で代表する気密補助材２０の施工が求められるが、断熱材５０が柔らかい場合の下地がない場所での継手と、堅い断熱材５０を採用しても構造体１００の厚み一杯（全充填）に充填しない場合は、断熱材５０が気密機能を有する気密シートとの間に過剰挿入による空気層が発生しやすい。空気層の発生等に伴い、気密シートと気密補助材２０の圧着不良を招きやすい欠点があった。この事により、気密性能の欠損、断熱欠損の発生や防露性能に問題を生じさせる結果となっていた。
When an airtight sheet or the like of an airtight material used when performing airtight construction by the filling thermal insulation method is constructed, the construction of the airtight auxiliary material 20 represented by the airtight tape 20A or the like is required at the joint, but the base when the heat insulating material 50 is soft If the full thickness (full filling) of the structure 100 is not filled even if the rigid heat insulating material 50 is employed, the heat insulating material 50 is overfilled between the airtight sheet having an airtight function. Air layer is likely to occur. Along with the generation of an air layer and the like, there is a drawback that it is likely to cause a press bonding failure between the airtight sheet and the airtight auxiliary material 20. This resulted in a problem in airtight performance deficiency, heat insulation deficiency and dewproofing performance.
本発明は、構造用合板等の板材１０を気密材の気密シートの代用にして使用する。気密シートはシート状のため、柔らかいが、それに代わる板材１０は堅い特徴を有する。さらに、気密シートの継ぎ目は厚みの少ない気密テープ２０Ａで処理されることが多い、板材１０になることで、気密テープ２０Ａ、気密パッキン２０Ｂ、等の気密補助材２０を継ぎ目に施工することができるため、立体的な気密処理が可能となることで性能が向上すると共に圧着不良に対する性能も向上する、更に、気密施工上で問題が発生する断熱空間４０での空気層を発生させないためと、（防露性能の向上）構造体１００の厚み全体に断熱材５０を入れる事が望まれるので、特別な理由がない場合を除き全充填することを原則として高断熱化を図り、断熱材５０を充填できる（断熱性能の向上は、都市部では形成される断熱空間の断熱材の厚みが薄い現状に比較してのこと）特徴の板材１０を利用してさらに耐力、保持力、耐衝撃力の利点を兼用させることもできる。
In the present invention, a plate material 10 such as a structural plywood is used instead of an airtight sheet of an airtight material. Since the airtight sheet is sheet-like, it is soft, but the plate 10 instead has a hard feature. Furthermore, the seam of the airtight sheet is often processed with the airtight tape 20A having a small thickness. By forming the plate 10, the airtight auxiliary material 20 such as the airtight tape 20A and the airtight packing 20B can be applied to the seam. Therefore, since the three-dimensional airtight treatment becomes possible, the performance is improved and the performance against the crimping failure is improved, and further, an air layer in the heat insulating space 40 that causes a problem in the airtight construction is not generated. (Improvement of dew-proof performance) Since it is desired to put the heat insulating material 50 in the entire thickness of the structure 100, the heat insulating material 50 is filled with the principle of high heat insulation in principle unless there is no special reason. (The improvement of heat insulation performance is compared to the current situation where the thickness of the heat insulation material in the heat insulation space formed in urban areas is thin). It can also be combined to advantage.
本発明の第一実施形態に係る気密構造１は、図１は天井断熱の場合、図２は屋根断熱の場合に示すように、建物の室内側を気密する気密構造１であって、建物の構造体１００の室内側に板材１０が固定され、四角形状に形成され、室内側の面に内装仕上げ下地材を含む仕上げ材２００の下地として取りつけられる（気密材ではなく、内装の仕上げ材２００としても使用できる石膏ボード等があるためどちらに使用するか区別する）。
The airtight structure 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is an airtight structure 1 that hermetically seals the indoor side of a building, as shown in FIG. 1 for ceiling insulation and FIG. 2 for roof insulation, The plate member 10 is fixed to the indoor side of the structure 100, is formed in a quadrangular shape, and is attached as a base of a finishing material 200 including an interior finishing base material on the indoor side surface (not an airtight material but an interior finishing material 200) also distinguishes whether to use either because there is a plasterboard or the like can be used).
例えば、日本建築防災協会の住宅等防災技術評価を受けたマニュアル規定で施工して構造用面材を柱、間柱、受け材に釘で留め付ける、もしくは、当該技術評価と同等の構造用面材の板材１０と、互いに隣接して配置された板材１０の間を気密し、板材１０の外縁に沿って配置される気密補助材２０とを備え、気密補助材２０は、互いに隣接する板材１０の木口面の間に配置される気密補助材２０と、互いに隣接する板材１０の外縁にまたがって、室内側から配置される気密テープ２０Ａを有する。
For example, a construction surface material that has been constructed according to the manual provisions that have received disaster prevention technology evaluations of houses from the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, and that is secured to pillars, studs, or receiving materials with nails, or a structural surface material that is equivalent to that technology evaluation The plate member 10 and the plate member 10 disposed adjacent to each other are hermetically sealed, and the airtight auxiliary member 20 is disposed along the outer edge of the plate member 10. There is an airtight auxiliary member 20 disposed between the end surfaces of the wood, and an airtight tape 20A disposed from the indoor side across the outer edges of the plate members 10 adjacent to each other.
すべての気密工事完了後で、床、壁、屋根断熱の天井、天井断熱の天井、の様々な仕上げ材２００を施工する前の工程で、気密測定を行い、気密測定値である相当隙間面積を所定の範囲の１平方メートル当たり０．５平方センチを基準として、１平方メートル当たり０・１平方センチから１平方メートル当たり０．９平方センチの範囲と定めて、１平方メートル当たり０．９平方センチ以下の測定値になるまで屋内側より施工された気密材と気密補助材２０の補修の繰り返しができる。たとえば、気密工事施工後、経年劣化を除く相当隙間面積の数値保証も可能となる。
After all the airtight work is completed, airtight measurement is performed in the process before the installation of various finishing materials 200 such as floors, walls, roof insulation ceilings, ceiling insulation ceilings, and the equivalent clearance area, which is the airtight measurement value, is obtained. Measured below 0.9 square centimeter per square meter, with a range of 0.1 square centimeter per square meter to 0.9 square centimeter per square meter, based on a predetermined range of 0.5 square centimeter per square meter Until the value is reached, the repair of the airtight material and the airtight auxiliary material 20 constructed from the indoor side can be repeated. For example, it is possible to guarantee the numerical value of the equivalent gap area excluding aging after the airtight construction.
日本建築防災協会の住宅等防災技術評価を受けたマニュアル規定で施工して構造用面材を柱、間柱、受け材に釘で留め付ける、もしくは、当該技術評価と同等の条件をなくしても、構造体１００の構造用面材の板材１０が張り付けられるので、板材１０の施工することで、耐力がなくなるわけではないので、耐力を有する表現ができる、また正規の耐力壁にする方法として、筋かいを設けることができる。
Even if it is constructed according to the manual provisions that have received disaster prevention technology evaluations of houses, etc. of the Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association, and structural structural members are fastened with nails to the pillars, studs, and receiving materials, or even if the conditions equivalent to the technical evaluation are eliminated, Since the structural plate material 10 of the structure 100 is affixed, the construction of the plate material 10 does not mean that the proof stress is not lost. A paddle can be provided.
本願の気密構造１を床、壁、天井、屋根に採用でき、少なくとも壁は必ず採用する、構造体を含む床、壁、天井、土間等の下地に気密材である板材１０を貼った後に継ぎ目に
気密補助材２０を施工する、本願の一例として、基礎内部を室内として扱う場合はポリスチレンフォーム等のプラスチック断熱材で基礎底部と基礎立ち上がり部に室内側から土間等の仕上げ前の状況で使用し、１階床の下地合板等と外壁構成外周柱や間仕切り柱の隙間、サッシ廻りのすき間、各種配管やコンセント廻りの隙間、下屋部の継手の隙間、梁部の継手の隙間、外部に貫通する建築金物の隙間、オーバーハング部の継手の隙間、屋根断熱部の継手の隙間、棟部の隙間、床と天井点検口部の隙間、気密層に設置されるダウンライト等部の隙間、天井断熱部と外壁構成外周柱や間仕切り壁の隙間等に代表される各部に気密テープ２０Ａを代表とする気密補助材２０による気密施工工事を完了する。
The airtight structure 1 of the present application can be used for floors, walls, ceilings, and roofs, and at least walls must be used. As an example of this application, when the inside of the foundation is treated indoors, it is used in the condition before finishing from the indoor side to the bottom of the foundation and the foundation rising part with a plastic insulation material such as polystyrene foam. 1st floor floor plywood, etc. and outer wall structure Peripheral pillars and partition pillars, gaps around sashes, gaps around various pipes and outlets, joint gaps in the lower part, gaps in the joints in the beam part, and through to the outside Gaps in building hardware to be used, gaps in joints in overhangs, gaps in joints in roof insulation, gaps in ridges, gaps in floors and ceiling inspection ports, gaps in downlights installed in airtight layers, ceilings Thermal insulation and outer wall The airtight construction work by the airtight auxiliary material 20 typified by the airtight tape 20 </ b> A is completed at each part typified by the gap between the constituent peripheral columns and the partition walls.
尚且つ、板材１０を気密材に使用することで保持力を利用して、例えば、壁に時計や絵画を取り付ける時に下地がなく、ビスが効かなくて困るという現象に応用することができる。その他に、板材１０の保持力の範囲内であれば、仕上げ材２００を石膏ボード等とする場合、荷重が掛る手摺等は下地になる柱、間柱等の構造体１００のところ以外は取り付けることができない、本実施形態の気密断熱構造２によれば、板材１０の選定により異なるが、手すりや家具の固定等の荷重や転倒防止に関係する部材を壁に固定するビス等を仕上げ材２００に貫通させ、仕上げ材２００の上から固定したい物が板材１０を施工されている外壁が貼られている気密層面のどこでも固定できる利点が生まれる。
気密補助材２０の全面施工による工夫をすると、固定時の貫通による気密劣化に対応することも可能である。
Moreover, by using the plate material 10 as an airtight material, it is possible to apply the phenomenon that, for example, when a clock or a picture is attached to a wall, there is no ground and a screw is not effective when attached to a wall. In addition, if the finishing material 200 is a gypsum board or the like within the range of the holding force of the plate member 10, a handrail to which a load is applied can be attached except for the structure body 100 such as a pillar, a spacer, and the like. According to the airtight heat insulating structure 2 of the present embodiment, although it depends on the selection of the plate material 10, the finishing material 200 is penetrated with a screw or the like for fixing a member related to prevention of a load or a fall of a handrail or furniture to the wall. Thus, there is an advantage that the object to be fixed from above the finishing material 200 can be fixed anywhere on the airtight layer surface on which the outer wall on which the plate material 10 is applied is pasted.
If a device is devised by the entire construction of the airtight auxiliary material 20, it is possible to cope with airtight deterioration due to penetration during fixing.
又、プラスチック系のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを室内に使用して、気密材にすることも考えられるが保持力を期待できない、この断熱材５０にビスを手で抜き差しできることから、ビスに対する保持力を保持しないことになる、これは、建物が地震等で揺れた場合、プラスチック系ボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを止めつけているビス等の周辺に隙間が発生しやすい、気密性の問題も生じることからも、保持力を条件にした板材１０が有利な方法とすることができる。
It is also possible to use a plastic board-like heat insulating material 50C in the room to make it an airtight material, but it is not possible to expect a holding force. A screw can be inserted into and removed from this heat insulating material 50 by hand. This means that if the building is shaken by an earthquake or the like, a gap is likely to occur around the screw or the like that holds the plastic board-like heat insulating material 50C. Therefore, the plate 10 with the holding force as a condition can be an advantageous method.
さらに、壁に物をぶつけて穴が空くという経験をした人は多いと思う、通常は防火、有利な石膏ボードで壁の下地が形成されている場合が多い、これに対し、気密材としての機能を有している板材１０は石膏ボード等の取り付けの下地材も兼ねるため、耐衝撃性がある板材１０を選定条件にもよるが、壁に衝撃が加えられても穴が空かないという付加価値を持たせることができる。
In addition, I think that there are many people who have experience of hitting the wall and making holes, usually the base of the wall is often formed with fireproof, advantageous gypsum board, whereas as an airtight material Since the functional plate 10 also serves as a base material for mounting gypsum board, etc., depending on the selection conditions, the impact resistant plate 10 will not be perforated even if an impact is applied to the wall. Can be valuable.
また、板材１０が気密を兼ねる断熱材５０としてパネル化されていないため、パネル化を否定するわけではないが、改修工事においては、パネル化が複雑な構造や一定されていない構造体１００の階高等の理由でかえって切断加工が多くなり不合理になる場合がある、パネルの切断に伴う断熱気密性の施工精度に比べて、階高等の改修工事などの不確定さに、臨機応変に対応できる利点があり、板材１０を使用して、形状別の断熱材５０を選択できるので、地域別の調達の選択肢が増やすことができ、普及の推進につながる。
Moreover, since the panel 10 is not panelized as the heat insulating material 50 that also serves as an airtight, the paneling is not denied, but in the renovation work, the flooring of the structure 100 where the paneling is complicated or is not constant. Compared to the accuracy of thermal insulation and airtightness due to panel cutting, it may be unreasonable to deal with uncertainties such as repair work such as floor height, which may be unreasonable due to high cutting reasons. There is an advantage, and the heat insulating material 50 according to the shape can be selected by using the plate material 10, so that the options for procurement by region can be increased, which leads to promotion of the spread.
さらに、気密測定は気密工事完了後に行い管理されるが、本発明は、気密測定の結果の性能値が、万が一、悪かった場合に板材１０が仕上げ材２００とは別に構成され、気密材として室内側に露出している工程が存在するので、板材１０以外のその他の気密材と気密補助材２０が室内側より施工されている場合は、板材１０以外の気密材の補修を含めた気密補修が可能となり、補修の手直し作業が何度でも可能になる。（外張断熱工法の外気側の気密層の場合は配慮が必要）
Further, the airtight measurement is performed and managed after completion of the airtight construction. However, in the present invention, if the performance value of the result of the airtight measurement is bad, the plate material 10 is configured separately from the finishing material 200, and the room is used as the airtight material. Since there is a process exposed inside, when the airtight material other than the plate material 10 and the airtight auxiliary material 20 are constructed from the indoor side, airtight repair including repair of the airtight material other than the plate material 10 is performed. It becomes possible, and repair work can be done any number of times. (Consideration is necessary for the airtight layer on the outside air side of the external insulation method)
様々な工程の関係で、気密欠損を伴う設計の変更がしばしば行われる建築現場で、変更される可能性がある配管、配線工事等の完了後に測定する場合において、従来の気密シートを用いる充填断熱工法と気密材が構造体１００と外壁材や屋根材の間に設置される外貼断熱工法等比べて、建物の全体の気密性能の補修による向上が図れることができる、また、気密測定の所定の数値目標の最高０．１をめざして数値目標自体を向上させることにも寄与することができる。（外張断熱の場合も可能ではある）
Filling insulation using a conventional airtight sheet when measuring after completion of piping, wiring work, etc. that may be changed at a construction site where design changes often involve airtight defects due to various processes. The construction method and the airtight material can be improved by repairing the overall airtightness of the building compared to the external heat insulation method that is installed between the structure 100 and the outer wall material or roof material. It is also possible to contribute to improving the numerical target itself, aiming for the maximum numerical target of 0.1. (Also possible with external insulation)
従来の充填断熱工法で使用される気密シートは柔らかい部材であるため、気密シートの継ぎ目部の気密補助材２０に気密テープ２０Ａ等を使用しても隙間が発生するリスクや施工者の貼り方により気密性能が左右されてしまう問題がある、また、気密性能値を管理する時、気密測定器で隙間相当面積を測る減圧法が、気密シートの施工で気密性能を測定する場合、室内を減圧するため、気密シート部が室内側に膨らんでしまい、気密検査時に、気密の不良を招く恐れがあった。
Since the airtight sheet used in the conventional filling insulation method is a soft member, depending on the risk that a gap will occur even if the airtight tape 20A or the like is used for the airtight auxiliary material 20 at the seam portion of the airtight sheet, or how the installer applies it. There is a problem that the airtight performance is affected, and when managing the airtight performance value, the decompression method that measures the area equivalent to the gap with the airtightness measuring device depressurizes the room when measuring the airtight performance by installing the airtight sheet. For this reason, the airtight sheet portion swells to the indoor side, and there is a possibility of causing a poor airtightness during the airtight inspection.
気密シートを利用する場合は膨らむのを防ぐため石膏ボード等の仕上げ材２００を施工してからの気密検査が一般的に行われるが、仕上げ材２００で覆うと気密工事の補修は仕上げ材２００を外す作業が伴うため工期、人件費等の関係で補修をためらう問題があった。
In the case of using an airtight sheet, an airtight inspection is generally performed after the finishing material 200 such as a plaster board is applied in order to prevent swelling. However, when the airtight sheet is covered with the finishing material 200, the finishing material 200 is repaired. There was a problem that he / she hesitated to repair because of the work schedule, labor cost, etc.
尚、板材１０の継ぎ目に気密テープ２０Ａだけを施工し、気密パッキン２０Ｂ等を省略しても良い、板材１０の継ぎ目に着色して継ぎ目の確認を容易にすることができる。上記の板材１０を使用することにより、柔らかい気密シートではできなかった木口面、室内側設置面の二方向の気密補助材２０の取り付ける施工が可能となるため、更なる気密の性能が向上する手法を提供できる。気密パッキン２０Ｂにシーリング等を採用すると制震ダンパーの原理の復元効果の利点が発生する。気密パッキン２０Ｂを省略すると経年の振動等による気密性の低下にとっては不利になるので推奨できない。
Note that only the airtight tape 20A may be applied to the joint of the plate member 10 and the airtight packing 20B may be omitted. The joint of the plate member 10 can be colored to facilitate confirmation of the joint. By using the plate member 10 described above, it is possible to install the airtight auxiliary material 20 in the two directions on the front end and the indoor installation surface, which could not be achieved with a soft airtight sheet, thereby further improving the airtight performance. Can provide. When sealing or the like is adopted for the airtight packing 20B, the advantage of the restoration effect of the principle of the vibration damper is generated. If the airtight packing 20B is omitted, it is not recommended because it is disadvantageous for deterioration of airtightness due to secular vibration or the like.
もう一方の外貼断熱工法の気密は、構造体１００の外気側にプラスチック系のボード状の断熱材５０を貼ってから、気密処理され、外壁材や屋根材で仕上げる工程を特徴としている場合が多いが、配管や配線の設備工事に伴う気密工事が完了した時点には、外壁工事と屋根工事が完了している場合が多く、屋根材や外壁材と構造体１００の間に気密層が形成されているため、気密工事の補修は屋根材や外壁材を剥がさなければいけなく、気密の補修が難しい問題がある（本質的に気密シートを採用した場合と同じく、内装仕上げ材、または、外装材を剥がさなければ補修できない等の不利な点がある）。
The airtightness of the other external heat insulating method may be characterized by a process in which a plastic board-like heat insulating material 50 is applied to the external air side of the structure 100, and then airtightly processed and finished with an outer wall material or a roof material. In many cases, the outer wall construction and the roof construction are often completed at the time when the airtight construction for the piping and wiring facilities is completed, and an airtight layer is formed between the roofing material or the outer wall material and the structure 100. Therefore, repair of airtight work has to peel off the roofing material and outer wall material, and there is a problem that it is difficult to repair the airtightness (essentially the same as when using airtight sheets, interior finishing materials or exterior There is a disadvantage that it cannot be repaired without removing the material).
ばら状の断熱材５０Ａを壁に充填する場合、図１、図２に示す、建物の構造体１００の室内側に設置される板材１０と建物の構造体１００の外部側に配置された構造用面材である下地面材３００を更に備え、気密シートより圧力に耐える板材１０と下地面材３００との間には断熱空間４０が形成され、配置された板材１０は上下方向に分割して取付けられる。
When the wall is filled with the bulky heat insulating material 50A, the plate 10 installed on the indoor side of the building structure 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the structural member arranged on the outside of the building structure 100 are shown. A base surface material 300 that is a face material is further provided, and a heat insulating space 40 is formed between the base material 10 and the base material 300 that can withstand pressure from an airtight sheet, and the disposed plate material 10 is divided and attached in the vertical direction. It is done.
このとき、板材１０と断熱材５０Ａの間に透湿抵抗を検討すると、気密シートを備えなければならない場合があるが板材１０の断熱材５０Ａ側に塗料をコートして湿気を遮断する板材１０に表面加工して対応することもできる。５００ミリ以下の間隔で配置された柱、間柱で形成する断熱空間４０の上から視た断面より小さい面材に分割棒を取り付けした工具、圧力可変吹き込み装置等を利用して、板材１０を１枚取り付けた後、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ａを充填した後に加圧して、その後、取り付けた板材１０の上に、別の板材１０を取り付け、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ａを充填して加圧する繰り返しを行う、このときに発生する板材１０と下地面材３００の間のふさがれていない上の開口を充填口２４とする、横架材１００Ａの下端より下へ４０センチ以内でできる、板材１０の継ぎ目部が設けて、この階高の最上部の板材１０を貼る前に、ふさがれていない板材１０の室内側の垂直方向の充填口２４に空気抜きネットを貼り付け加圧して吹き込みした後に板材１０を貼り付けした後に気密処理されてから、板材１０が仕上げ材２００の下地としてとりつけられる。現存のばら状の断熱材５０Ａの吹き込み工法より高密度で充填できる特徴を有する。
At this time, considering moisture resistance between the plate 10 and the heat insulating material 50A, there may be a case where an airtight sheet may be provided, but the plate 10 that coats the heat insulating material 50A side of the plate 10 to block moisture is applied. Surface processing can also be used. The plate 10 is formed by using a column arranged at intervals of 500 mm or less, a tool in which a dividing rod is attached to a surface material smaller than the cross-section viewed from above the heat insulating space 40 formed by a space column, a variable pressure blowing device, and the like. After the sheets are attached, the heat insulating space 40 is filled with the heat insulating material 50A and then pressurized, and then another plate material 10 is attached on the attached plate material 10, and the heat insulating space 40 is filled with the heat insulating material 50A. The pressurization is repeated, and the upper opening that is not blocked between the plate material 10 and the base surface material 300 generated at this time is the filling port 24, and can be within 40 cm below the lower end of the horizontal member 100A. A seam portion of the plate material 10 is provided, and before applying the uppermost plate material 10 of this floor height, an air vent net is attached to the vertical filling port 24 on the indoor side of the unoccupied plate material 10 and pressurized and blown. rear Since the airtight treatment after pasted plate 10, it is mounted as a base of the finishing material 200 is plate 10. It has the feature that it can be filled with higher density than the blowing method of the existing bulky insulating material 50A.
このときの加圧時の目安は、たとえば、セルローズファイバーの場合は立法メートルあたり５５キログラム以上、ばら状のグラスウールの場合は立法メートルあたり３０キログラム以上にして現存の工法より密度を確保する工夫を適宜に選定することができる。
The standard at the time of pressurization is, for example, 55 kg or more per cubic meter in the case of cellulose fiber, and 30 kg or more per cubic meter in the case of rose-shaped glass wool. Can be selected.
ばら状の断熱材５０Ａを採用する壁は上記の記載の原理で充填するが、図３，４に示す、付加部材４００を構築し、補助断熱空間４０Ａを設ける事により、少なくとも補助断熱空間４０Ａの上に充填された断熱材５０Ａが断熱空間４０に充填された断熱材５０Ａが沈下する事を補充する付属空間として利用する事ができる。
The wall employing the bulky heat insulating material 50A is filled according to the principle described above. However, by constructing the additional member 400 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and providing the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A, at least the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A is provided. The heat insulating material 50A filled in the upper portion can be used as an auxiliary space to supplement the sinking of the heat insulating material 50A filled in the heat insulating space 40.
補助断熱空間４０Ａの断熱材５０Ａと断熱空間４０の断熱材５０Ａが重なる部分が形成されて隣接する断熱空間４０の上部と補助断熱空間４０Ａの上部は板材１０または、空気ネットを設置しないことで貫通され断熱材５０Ａが補助断熱空間４０Ａから断熱空間４０に重力で移動できる補充口２７を形成して補助断熱空間４０Ａが断熱空間４０の補充する付属空間とする。
A portion where the heat insulating material 50A of the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A and the heat insulating material 50A of the heat insulating space 40 overlap is formed, and the upper part of the adjacent heat insulating space 40 and the upper part of the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A penetrate through the plate material 10 or the air net not being installed. Then, the heat insulating material 50 </ b> A forms a replenishment port 27 that can move from the auxiliary heat insulating space 40 </ b> A to the heat insulating space 40 by gravity, so that the auxiliary heat insulating space 40 </ b> A serves as an auxiliary space that the heat insulating space 40 replenishes.
このとき、重なり部より上部の補助断熱空間４０Ａの断熱材５０Ａが断熱空間４０の断熱材５０Ａの沈下対策補充の断熱材５０Ａとなるので、階上の横架材１００Ａの断面寸法で補充量が決定されるので、補充量を多くしたい場合は、補助断熱空間４０Ａの厚み（幅）を増して適宜確保できる。
At this time, since the heat insulating material 50A of the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A above the overlapping portion becomes the heat insulating material 50A for replenishing countermeasures for the settlement of the heat insulating material 50A of the heat insulating space 40, the replenishment amount is equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal member 100A on the floor. Therefore, when it is desired to increase the replenishment amount, the thickness (width) of the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A can be increased and secured as appropriate.
断熱空間４０の上部に、室内側に垂直方向に断熱材５０Ａの補充口２７を設けることで、上部を開放しながら板材１０は上下方向に分割して取り付け板材１０を１枚取り付けた後に断熱材５０Ａを加圧して充填しその上に別の板材１０を張り付けて繰り返すことにより目視で加圧して充填し断熱空間４０に全充填させて、補助断熱空間４０Ａの上部の垂直方向の充填口２４に空気ネットを張って高圧で吹き込み、目視確認をしながら充填し、板材１０を貼り付け気密処理をする。
By providing a replenishment port 27 for the heat insulating material 50A in the vertical direction on the indoor side at the upper portion of the heat insulating space 40, the plate material 10 is divided in the vertical direction while the upper portion is opened, and the heat insulating material is attached after attaching one mounting plate material 10. 50A is pressurized and filled, and another plate material 10 is attached and repeated on the surface 50A to visually pressurize and fill it to completely fill the heat insulating space 40, and then fills the vertical filling port 24 above the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A. An air net is stretched and blown at a high pressure and filled while visually confirming, and the plate material 10 is pasted and airtight.
セルローズファイバー・グラスウールに代表する吹き込み断熱工法のばら状の断熱材５０Ａを採用して、天井断熱を採用する場合は、図１、３に示す、構造体１００の桁１００Ｂの近くの壁の断熱空間４０の沈下補充を、隣接する天井の断熱空間４０が重なる補充口の部分の天井側に補充量を適宜見込み、設計された天井の断熱材５０Ａの厚みより多く、山盛りして、充填する補助断熱空間４０Ａを構築して行う。このときに、山盛りした断熱材５０Ａが屋根タルキの間から下地面材３００の外側にこぼれない様に、桁１００Ｂの隣接する屋根タルキの下端に下地面材３００を貼る。屋根タルキに貼る下地面材３００はダンボール板等に変えることもできる事とする。
In the case of adopting a bulky insulation 50A of the blow insulation method represented by cellulose fiber glass wool and adopting a ceiling insulation, the insulation space of the wall near the girder 100B of the structure 100 shown in FIGS. Auxiliary heat insulation that fills up and fills 40 subsidence replenishment amounts more appropriately than the thickness of the designed ceiling heat insulating material 50A, with the amount of replenishment appropriately estimated on the ceiling side of the portion of the replenishment opening where the heat insulation spaces 40 of adjacent ceilings overlap. A space 40A is constructed and performed. At this time, the base surface material 300 is affixed to the lower end of the roof talc adjacent to the girder 100B so that the piled heat insulating material 50A does not spill from the roof talc to the outside of the base surface material 300. The base material 300 attached to the roof talc can be changed to a cardboard board or the like.
また、図１、３、のように階上の壁の断熱空間４０の上部の補充口２７は、桁１００Ｂの隣にある小屋裏に設置される天井の断熱空間４０から補充される、このときに気密性能の精度のリスクが高まるが、板材１０を省略して気密シートに直接仕上げ材２００を貼ることもできる（壁以外では板材１０を省略することができることとする、ただし気密性能の補修を考えるとリスクが高まることとなる）。
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the replenishment port 27 at the top of the heat insulation space 40 on the upper wall is replenished from the heat insulation space 40 on the ceiling installed in the back of the hut next to the girder 100B. Although the risk of accuracy of the airtight performance increases, the plate material 10 can be omitted and the finishing material 200 can be directly applied to the airtight sheet (the plate material 10 can be omitted except for the wall, but the airtight performance is repaired). Thinking about it will increase your risk).
ばら状の断熱材５０Ａを採用して屋根断熱を採用する場合は、図４に示す、構造体１００の桁１００Ｂの近くの壁の断熱空間４０の沈下補充は、隣接する屋根の断熱空間４０が重なる補充口２７の部分から補充量を適宜見込み、設計された屋根の断熱材５０Ａから行われる、このとき断熱材５０Ａの補充は屋根の断熱空間４０から行われるので設計される屋根の断熱材５０Ａの厚みは余裕を持たせて、１００Ｂの近くの天井には断熱材５０Ａの補充量を見込み、多く充填する設計をする。図２の断熱材５０Ａの時も同じ施工をすることができる。
When roof insulation is adopted by using the bulky heat insulating material 50A, subsidence replenishment of the insulation space 40 on the wall near the beam 100B of the structure 100 shown in FIG. The replenishment amount is appropriately estimated from the overlapping replenishment port 27 portion, and is performed from the designed roof heat insulating material 50A. At this time, since the replenishment of the heat insulating material 50A is performed from the roof heat insulating space 40, the designed roof heat insulating material 50A. The ceiling of 100B is designed to be filled with a large amount in anticipation of the replenishment amount of the heat insulating material 50A. The same construction can be performed for the heat insulating material 50A of FIG.
更に、構造体１００の棟１００Ｃの下端より設計された断熱材５０Ａの厚みより必ず多くして水平方向下部に設置される水平天井面を設けて出きる断熱空間４０を構築して水平天井面に空気ネットを貼り付け、ばら状の断熱材５０Ａを高圧で吹き込み補充量を確保する。構築された水平な天井の断熱材５０Ａの上に、更に形成される棟１００Ｃの下端から上の三角形状の中の断熱材５０Ａが補助断熱空間４０Ａとなる。補充量を十分な量を確保するため、できるだけ三角形状の補助断熱空間４０Ａ大きくなるように適宜設計するものとする。
Furthermore, a heat insulation space 40 is constructed by providing a horizontal ceiling surface that is always set to be larger than the thickness of the heat insulating material 50A designed from the lower end of the ridge 100C of the structure 100 and is installed at the lower portion in the horizontal direction. An air net is affixed and the bulky heat insulating material 50A is blown in at a high pressure to ensure a replenishment amount. On the constructed horizontal ceiling heat insulating material 50A, the heat insulating material 50A in the upper triangular shape from the lower end of the ridge 100C further formed becomes the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A. In order to secure a sufficient replenishment amount, it is designed as appropriate so as to make the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A as large as possible.
その後、棟１００Ｃの下の水平天井の下端に板材１０を貼り付けて気密処理する（桁１００Ｂから板材１０を１枚取り付けた後、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ａを加圧充填し、取り付けた板材１０の上に、別の板材１０を取り付け、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ａを加圧充填する繰り返しを行い、構造体１００の棟１００Ｃの下に形成される水平天井として棟１００Ｃの下端より上に施工される断熱材５０Ａが、棟１００Ｃまわりの補助断熱空間４０Ａとなる）重力で移動できる補充口２７は形成されず、補助断熱空間４０Ａは断熱空間４０の補充する付属の空間となる、ただし、十分な密度等を断熱材５０Ａの材質の種類別に違いがあるため、適宜検討して選定する。
Thereafter, the plate material 10 is attached to the lower end of the horizontal ceiling below the ridge 100C and airtightly treated (after attaching one plate material 10 from the girder 100B, the heat insulation space 40 is pressure-filled with the heat insulation material 50A and attached. Another plate member 10 is mounted on the plate member 10, and the heat insulating space 40 is repeatedly filled with the heat insulating material 50A. The horizontal ceiling formed below the building 100C of the structure 100 is formed from the lower end of the building 100C. The replenishment port 27 that can be moved by gravity is not formed, and the auxiliary heat insulation space 40A becomes an auxiliary space to be replenished by the heat insulation space 40. However, since there is a difference in the type of the material of the heat insulating material 50A, a sufficient density and the like are appropriately examined and selected.
また、屋根断熱に利用される、タルキ下の下地面材３００は、図２，４，共通で、ダンボール板または、４ミリ程度の合板の構造用面材以外でも使用できる（耐力あるものでなくても充填圧力を勘案して選定することを可能にする）。
In addition, the lower ground material 300 under the talc used for roof insulation is common to FIGS. 2, 4 and can be used other than a corrugated cardboard or a structural face material of about 4 mm of plywood (not having strength). However, it is possible to select in consideration of the filling pressure).
更に、改修工事では、下地面材３００と板材１０が充填圧力で施工上の問題ない範囲で変形しない事を条件にする事で、壁の下地面材３００を既存外壁構成壁とする事ができる、また、改修工事等の際に未充填箇所ができない様に細心注意をはらいながら、筋かいを設置できる、また、図１，２は、後述するが、建物の階段室等での幅員確保の例でもある。
Further, in the renovation work, it is possible to make the lower ground material 300 of the wall into the existing outer wall wall by providing that the base surface material 300 and the plate material 10 are not deformed within the range where there is no problem in construction due to the filling pressure. In addition, it is possible to install struts while paying close attention so that unfilled parts cannot be made during renovation work, etc.Also, as will be described later, as shown in FIGS. It is also an example.
断熱材５０の共通事項になるが、階段室等で幅員を確保するため、または、設備配管のスペースが必要などの理由がある場合は、３つの分類されたすべての断熱材５０は、全充填を採用して、図１、図２の形態は採用できるものとする、この時に、図３，４，に比べると、断熱材５０の重なり部が不必要になることで、補充口２７が不要になり板材１０が梁等の構造体１００に貼り付けできる事になり、耐力性能が増す利点が発生する、図１，２，３，４のフェルト状もしくはボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを採用した場合は断熱材５０Ｃを充填してから板材１０を施工する事もできる。
Although it becomes a common matter of the heat insulating material 50, in order to secure the width in the staircase etc. or when there is a reason such as requiring space for equipment piping, all the three heat insulating materials 50 classified into the three classifications are fully filled. 1 and FIG. 2 can be adopted. At this time, the overlapping portion of the heat insulating material 50 is unnecessary as compared with FIGS. When the felt-like or board-like heat insulating material 50C shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 is employed, which is advantageous in that the plate material 10 can be attached to the structure 100 such as a beam, and the proof stress performance is increased. Can also apply the plate material 10 after filling the heat insulating material 50C.
補充口２７を設けたことで、断熱空間４０に断熱材５０Ａを充填した時に、断熱空間４０の空気が、補充口２７から抜けるので、断熱空間４０をより均一に断熱材５０Ａを施工することができる、たとえば、充填する丸い直径１０センチ開口穴等の設置に比べて、補充口２７のほうが、面積が多くなるので高密度や高効率の抜気で目視確認しながら充填することができると共に気密処理の点検箇所の削減につながる、これはふさがれていない充填口２４も同じ効果がある。
By providing the replenishing port 27, when the heat insulating material 40A is filled in the heat insulating space 40, the air in the heat insulating space 40 escapes from the replenishing port 27, so that the heat insulating material 50A can be applied more uniformly in the heat insulating space 40. For example, the refill port 27 has a larger area than the installation of a hole with a round diameter of 10 cm to be filled, etc., so that it can be filled while visually checking with high-density and high-efficiency evacuation and airtight. This leads to a reduction in the number of inspection points for processing, and the filling port 24 that is not blocked has the same effect.
現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを壁に充填する場合は、図１、図２に示す、壁のばら状の断熱材５０Ａ充填と同様に板材１０と下地面材３００との間には断熱空間４０が形成され、配置された板材１０は上下方向に分割して取付けられる。
When the wall is filled with the in-situ foamed heat insulating material 50B, the heat insulating space 40 is formed between the plate member 10 and the base surface material 300 in the same manner as the filling of the wall-shaped heat insulating material 50A shown in FIGS. The formed and arranged plate member 10 is divided and attached in the vertical direction.
このとき、５００ミリ以下の間隔で配置された柱、間柱で形成する断熱空間４０の上から視た断面から現存するウレタン断熱材吹き付けガン装置や流し込用ウレタン混合ヘッド等を利用して、本発明の気密構造１に充填できる改造もしくは開発して、板材１０を１枚取り付けた後、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ｂを充填して、その後、取り付けた板材１０の上に、別の板材１０を取り付け、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ｂを充填する繰り返しを行い、水平方向に横架材１００Ａの下端より下へ４０センチ以内でできる、板材１０の継ぎ目部が設けて、この階高の最上部の板材１０を貼る前に、板材１０の室内側に垂直方向に開放された断熱空間４０に、現存のウレタン吹き付けの断熱材５０Ｂを吹き付けした後に断熱空間４０のオーバーフロー部を削り、板材１０を貼り付けした後に気密処理されてから、板材１０が仕上げ材２００の下地としてとりつけられる。
At this time, using the existing urethane insulation spray gun device, the urethane mixing head for pouring, etc. from the section viewed from the top of the heat insulation space 40 formed by the columns arranged at intervals of 500 mm or less, the spacer, After remodeling or development capable of filling the hermetic structure 1 of the invention and attaching one plate member 10, the heat insulating space 40 is filled with the heat insulating material 50B, and then another plate member 10 is placed on the attached plate member 10. The heat insulation space 40 is repeatedly filled with the heat insulation material 50B, and a seam portion of the plate material 10 that is formed within 40 cm below the lower end of the horizontal member 100A in the horizontal direction is provided. Before the upper plate member 10 is pasted, the existing urethane sprayed heat insulating material 50B is blown into the heat insulating space 40 which is opened vertically to the indoor side of the plate member 10, and then the overflow of the heat insulating space 40 is overflowed. Scraping section, since the airtight treatment after pasted plate 10, is mounted as a base of the finishing material 200 is plate 10.
場合によっては、使用される現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂと同質のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを隙間なく挿入してから板材１０を貼り付けした後に気密処理されることができる。
In some cases, the board-like heat insulating material 50C of the same quality as the in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B to be used can be inserted without any gaps, and then the plate material 10 can be applied to be airtightly treated.
現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを壁に充填する場合は、壁の室内側の板材１０の気密材と構造体１００と外気側に貼られる下地面材３００の間を充填することで、現存のウレタンに代表する現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂが硬化する段階で発生する接着力を利用して、下地面材３００と構造体１００もしくは、付加部材４００と板材１０の一体化する強度を利用して、現在の現場ウレタン吹き付け施工で余剰部を削り落す方法で懸念される、表面スキン層の削りに伴う防露性能低下の恐れと壁に全充填するときに壁全体を削り精度による断熱低下や産業廃棄物大量の発生問題があることに比べて、削る面積減少による断熱化、廃棄物の減少による省資源化を増すことができる、現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂ特有の特徴を発生させることができる。
When filling the wall with the in-situ foam insulating material 50B, the existing urethane is filled by filling the space between the airtight material of the plate 10 on the indoor side of the wall and the base material 300 attached to the structure 100 and the outside air side. Utilizing the adhesive strength generated at the stage where the representative in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B is cured, the strength of the base surface material 300 and the structure 100 or the additional member 400 and the plate material 10 are integrated, There is a concern about the method of scraping off the surplus part in the on-site urethane spraying work, there is a risk of dew-proof performance deterioration due to the cutting of the surface skin layer, and when the wall is fully filled, the entire wall is shaved and heat insulation is reduced due to accuracy and large amounts of industrial waste Compared to the problem of generation, it is possible to generate features unique to the on-site foam heat insulating material 50B, which can increase heat insulation by reducing the area to be cut and resource saving by reducing waste.
改修工事の際は下地面材３００と板材１０が発泡圧力で施工上問題ない範囲で変形しない事を条件にする事で下地面材３００を既存外壁構成壁とする事ができることは、断熱材５０Ａと共通する、現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂには断熱用吹き付けウレタンフォームＡ種３などの防湿材や気密材として不適なものが存在しているので、断熱材５０の充填側に塗膜を塗布処理した板材１０またはシート付きの板材１０を使用することができる。
In the renovation work, it is possible to make the base surface material 300 the existing outer wall constituting wall by providing that the base surface material 300 and the plate material 10 are not deformed within a range where there is no problem in construction due to foaming pressure. In-situ foam insulation 50B, which is not suitable as a moisture-proof or airtight material such as sprayed urethane foam A type 3 for thermal insulation, is coated on the filling side of the insulation 50 The plate material 10 or the plate material 10 with a sheet can be used.
現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを壁に充填する場合は、変形例の図３、図４に示す、階高の補助断熱空間４０Ａの垂直側面のオーバーフロー部に施工された板材１０貼りつけ前の現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを削り、場合によっては、使用される現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂと同質のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを隙間なく挿入してから板材１０を貼りつけした後に気密処理されることができる。これは、断熱空間４０に断熱材５０Ｂが充填されている事を補充口２７を利用して行い、補助断熱空間４０Ａが目視確認できる付属空間として形成されるからである。
When filling the wall with the in-situ foam insulating material 50B, the in-situ foaming before attaching the plate material 10 applied to the overflow portion of the vertical side surface of the auxiliary heat-insulating space 40A of the floor height shown in FIGS. The heat insulating material 50B may be shaved and, in some cases, the board-like heat insulating material 50C of the same quality as the in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B used may be inserted without any gaps, and then the plate material 10 may be applied to be airtight. . This is because the heat insulating material 50B is filled in the heat insulating space 40 using the replenishing port 27, and the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A is formed as an attached space that can be visually confirmed.
現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂは後述するボード、フェルト状の断熱材５０Ｃと同様に、施工後、沈下するリスクはほとんどしないとされているが、図１、図２では断熱空間４０の上部に断熱材５０Ｂを削るリスクが現存しているため、断熱空間４０の上部のリスク部を移動させる目的になる、発泡技術の特性により、温度・湿度によって同じ原材料でも発泡の仕方が変わる特徴を有する、ということは、一定の容積に原材料を注入充填する量のコントロールが難しいため、全充填するためには、容積以上の発泡をさせなければならない、その確認をするために、充填空間より外に原材料が排出される事を確認する事が大事になり、補助断熱空間４０Ａの上部に原材料をオーバーフローさせ、図３，４に示す納まりで、目視確認する事で図１、図２より高断熱化にすることができる（全充填するときの削り部が断熱空間４０になくなること）。
The in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B, like the board and felt-like heat insulating material 50C described later, is said to have little risk of sinking after construction, but in FIG. 1 and FIG. Because there is a risk of cutting 50B, it is the purpose of moving the risk part at the top of the heat insulation space 40. Due to the characteristics of foaming technology, it has the feature that the foaming method changes depending on the temperature and humidity. Since it is difficult to control the amount of raw material injected into a certain volume, it is necessary to make foaming more than the volume in order to fully fill the material. In order to confirm that, the raw material is discharged outside the filling space. It is important to confirm that this is done. Overflowing the raw material into the upper part of the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A and visually confirming it in the space shown in FIGS. Ri can be a high heat insulation (the shaving unit when the total fill eliminates the heat insulation space 40).
断熱材５０Ｂを採用して屋根断熱を採用する場合は、図２に示す、構造体１００の桁１００Ｂの近くの壁の断熱空間４０の充填確認は、構造体１００に隣接する壁の断熱空間４０の上部と屋根の断熱空間４０が重なる部分の補充口２７が、充填確認口として利用することに変更して、断熱材５０Ｂのオーバーフローの目視充填確認を屋根の断熱空間４０側の板材１０の最初の継ぎ目から行われる。
When the heat insulating material 50 </ b> B is used and the roof heat insulating is used, the filling confirmation of the heat insulating space 40 in the wall near the beam 100 </ b> B of the structure 100 shown in FIG. 2 is confirmed as the heat insulating space 40 in the wall adjacent to the structure 100. The refilling port 27 where the upper part of the roof and the heat insulating space 40 of the roof overlap is used as a filling confirmation port, and the visual filling confirmation of the overflow of the heat insulating material 50B is performed first of the plate 10 on the roof heat insulating space 40 side. From the seam.
また、桁１００Ｂ側から屋根の断熱空間４０の下地が形成される下端にそれから板材１０を１枚取り付けた後、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ｂを充填し、その後、取り付けた板材１０の上に、別の板材１０を取り付け、断熱空間４０には断熱材５０Ｂを充填する繰り返しを行い、構造体１００の棟１００Ｃの下に形成される水平天井の上に４５センチ程度の幅の板材１０で棟１００Ｃに平行する隔壁を構築して、ウレタン吹き付けの断熱材５０Ｂを順次ふきつけて棟１００Ｃの上端から水平天井下地の下端までオーバーフローさせてから、当該部を削った後に板材１０を取り付けして、気密テープ２０Ａを貼り気密処理することで、断熱空間４０に断熱材５０Ｂを充填する。
Moreover, after attaching one board | plate material 10 to the lower end in which the foundation | substrate of the heat insulation space 40 of a roof is formed from the girder 100B side then, the heat insulation space 40 is filled with the heat insulating material 50B, and on the attached board | plate material 10 after that. Then, another plate member 10 is attached, and the heat insulating space 40 is repeatedly filled with the heat insulating material 50B, and the plate member 10 having a width of about 45 cm is formed on the horizontal ceiling formed under the ridge 100C of the structure 100. A partition parallel to 100C is constructed, and urethane blown heat insulating material 50B is sequentially wiped to overflow from the upper end of the building 100C to the lower end of the horizontal ceiling base, and then the plate member 10 is attached after the portion is shaved. A heat insulating material 50B is filled in the heat insulating space 40 by applying the tape 20A and performing an airtight process.
このとき、水平天井と棟１００Ｃの下の板材１０で４５センチ幅程度の隔壁の下側が補助断熱空間４０Ａとなる、この時、板材１０貼りつける前に、現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを全充填した後に削るが、場合によっては、使用される現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂと同質のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを隙間なく挿入してから板材１０を貼りつけした後に気密処理される、棟１００Ｃの下の補助断熱空間４０Ａを屋根の断熱空間４０の付属の充填確認空間となる、このとき、タルキ下の下地面材３００はダンボール板等の物に充填圧力で変形しない範囲で変更することができる事とする、図４の断熱材５０Ｂの時も同じ施工をすることができる。
At this time, the lower side of the partition wall having a width of about 45 cm is the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A in the plate material 10 under the horizontal ceiling and the ridge 100C. At this time, before the plate material 10 is attached, the insulation material 50B foamed in the field is completely filled. Although it cuts later, depending on the case, the board-like heat insulating material 50C of the same quality as the in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B to be used is inserted without gaps, and then the plate material 10 is attached, and then the airtight treatment is performed below the building 100C. The auxiliary heat insulation space 40A becomes a filling confirmation space attached to the heat insulation space 40 of the roof. At this time, the lower ground material 300 under the talc can be changed to a corrugated board or the like within a range not deformed by the filling pressure. The same construction can be performed for the heat insulating material 50B of FIG.
また、ウレタンには工場で使われている製品生産技術の注入方式や土木分野でのトンネル改修技術の注入方式があるが、ウレタン原材料の発泡圧力が高く、現況の５００ミリピッチで板材１０または下地面材３００を取り付けても、本願の板材１０を利用して、形成途中に発生する５面体の箱状内の流動性を有し、変形しない圧力の原材料の開発と車載可能な小型注入発泡機の開発が課題となる、本発明の断熱材５０Ｂを充填するための現存の流し込み用ウレタン混合ヘッド装置等を利用して上記の該当する現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂの発泡圧を有する原材料で充填することも可能である。
In addition, urethane has an injection method for product production technology used in factories and an injection method for tunnel repair technology in the civil engineering field, but the foaming pressure of the urethane raw material is high, and the plate material 10 or the ground surface at the current 500 mm pitch. Even if the material 300 is attached, the plate material 10 of the present application is used to develop a raw material of pressure that does not deform and has fluidity in a pentahedral box shape that occurs in the middle of formation, and a small injection foaming machine that can be mounted on a vehicle. Filling with the raw material having the foaming pressure of the above-mentioned in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B using the existing casting urethane mixing head device or the like for filling the heat insulating material 50B of the present invention, which is the subject of development. Is also possible.
また、現存のウレタンの吹き付け用スプレーガンで、３分割した奥行き１メートル前後、幅１０センチ前後の構造体１００を想定すると、ガンは下から箱状になった内部に挿入操作する事は難しく、スプレーガンの操作部と吹き出し部の距離が３０センチから１５０センチ程度の距離が必要となる、しかし、該当するガンが現存していない、こちらの装置は現況の装置を改造または新開発する事が課題になる。補助断熱空間４０Ａで２０センチの壁の厚みがあると、幅上では不可能ではないが、奥行上は施工するにあたり不可能になり、やはり改造や新開発の装置が必要となる事が課題になる本発明の断熱材５０Ｂを充填するための現存スプレーガンの上記の改造または、開発の装置を利用して充填することも可能である。
In addition, with an existing urethane spray gun, assuming a structure 100 with a depth of about 1 meter and a width of about 10 cm divided into three parts, it is difficult to insert the gun into the box shape from below, The distance between the spray gun operation part and the blowout part is required to be about 30 to 150 centimeters. However, this equipment does not exist and this equipment may be modified or newly developed. It becomes a challenge. If the auxiliary insulation space 40A has a wall thickness of 20 centimeters, it is not impossible on the width, but it will be impossible to construct on the depth, and modifications and newly developed equipment will still be required. It is also possible to use the above-described modification or development of an existing spray gun for filling the heat insulating material 50B of the present invention.
建物のウレタン現場発泡の技術は、スプレー式のみが技術開示されている、本発明にウレタン現場発泡のスプレー式を採用しようとすると、ウレタン原料が吹き出し部で瞬時に発泡する現状の吹付ガン装置では操作部と吹き出し部が離れているものがないため下から箱状になった断熱空間４０に充填すると、途中で発泡していまい空洞を発生させる問題があるので採用できない理由がある、現場吹き付けする際に、例えば室内側に貼られる板材１０を階高に対してブロック積みのように下段、中段、上段というように分割をし、下段から吹き付け施工する事を考えている。例えば階高を３メートルと想定し、板材１０を３分割すると、１メートル前後、２分割すると１．５メートル前後となる。分割を１０分割ほどに細かくして０．３メートルほどに分割すれば、現状のウレタンスプレーガンで吹き付けがしやすくなるが、板材１０のジョイント部が増える事により、気密補助材２０の使用量が増え気密性能が低下する恐れがあるが可能である。
The technology of foaming on-site urethane is technically disclosed only for the spray type. In the present spray gun device, the urethane raw material is instantly foamed at the blowing part when the spray type of urethane on-site foaming is adopted in the present invention. There is a reason why the operation part and the blowing part are not separated from each other so that there is a problem that if the heat insulation space 40 that is box-shaped from the bottom is filled, there is a problem that a foaming bubble is generated in the middle, so it is not possible to adopt it. At this time, for example, it is considered to divide the plate material 10 affixed on the indoor side into the lower, middle, and upper stages like a block stack with respect to the floor height, and to spray and construct from the lower stage. For example, assuming that the floor height is 3 meters, when the plate material 10 is divided into three parts, it becomes around 1 meter, and when divided into two parts, it becomes around 1.5 meters. If the division is divided into about 10 divisions and divided into about 0.3 meters, it becomes easier to spray with the current urethane spray gun, but the amount of use of the airtight auxiliary material 20 is increased by increasing the joint part of the plate 10. There is a possibility that the increased airtightness may be reduced.
図１、図２改修工事等の際に未充填箇所ができない様に細心注意をはらいながら、筋かいを設置できる。このとき、断熱空間４０の最上部は断熱空間４０の垂直側面に施工された階高の最後の板材１０貼りつける前の現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを目視で室内側に膨張して張り出した断熱材５０Ｂを削り、場合によっては、使用される現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂと同質のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを使用して隙間がないように挿入してから、板材１０を貼りつけした後に気密処理される。また、図３，４，の場合も断熱材５０Ｂの施工方法を守りながら筋かいを設置できる。
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 A brace can be installed while paying close attention so that unfilled parts cannot be made during renovation work. At this time, the uppermost part of the heat insulating space 40 is a heat insulating material which is expanded and protruded indoors by visually inspecting the in-situ foamed heat insulating material 50B before the last plate material 10 of the floor height constructed on the vertical side surface of the heat insulating space 40 is attached. 50B is cut and, depending on the case, the board-like heat insulating material 50C of the same quality as the in-situ foam heat insulating material 50B used is inserted so that there is no gap, and then the airtight process is performed after the plate material 10 is applied. The In addition, in the case of FIGS. 3, 4 and 4, a brace can be installed while protecting the construction method of the heat insulating material 50 </ b> B.
現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂを採用する場合は、補助断熱空間４０Ａが、断熱空間４０の充填確認付属機能と変わることになる、また、断熱材５０Ａと同じく図１，３，５の天井断熱の時に気密性能のリスクは高まるが、天井の板材１０を省略して天井の気密シート仕様に変更できる。
When the on-site foamed heat insulating material 50B is adopted, the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A is changed to the function for confirming the filling of the heat insulating space 40, and the same as the heat insulating material 50A, when the ceiling heat insulating in FIGS. Although the risk of hermetic performance increases, the ceiling plate member 10 can be omitted and changed to a ceiling hermetic sheet specification.
フェルト状、ボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを採用する場合は、壁の構造体１００や付加構造体４００を利用して現場で形成される型枠形状の断熱層の中に隙間なく断熱材５０Ｃを充填していく形状の構造であり、板材１０、下地面材３００を利用して構造体１００、付加構造体４００で形成される型枠形状の断熱空間４０を形成してから充填せずに、図１，２，３，４、に示す形態で充填する場合は、断熱空間４０、補助断熱空間４０Ａにボート状、フェルト状の断熱材５０Ｃを利用して断熱材５０Ｃを充填してから板材１０を施工して気密処理をする。
When the felt-like or board-like heat insulating material 50C is used, the heat insulating material 50C is filled in the form-shaped heat insulating layer formed on site using the wall structure 100 or the additional structure 400 without any gap. Without forming the form-shaped heat insulating space 40 formed by the structure 100 and the additional structure 400 using the plate material 10 and the base surface material 300, and without filling. In the case of filling in the form shown in 1, 2, 3, 4, the heat insulating space 40 and the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A are filled with the heat insulating material 50C using the boat-shaped and felt-shaped heat insulating material 50C, and then the plate material 10 is filled. Install and airtight.
ボード状、フェルト状の断熱材５０Ｃが１００％沈下しないとするのは、想定外を考慮しないことになる、何十年もの間に温度、湿度、振動を繰り返す状況からしてリスクは少ないものの、過信は禁物であることから補助断熱空間４０Ａは断熱空間４０の断熱材５０Ｃの想定外の沈下補足の付属空間として想定外のリスク回避の機能を持たせる。
The fact that the board-like and felt-like heat insulating material 50C does not sink 100% does not take into account the unexpected, although there is little risk from the situation of repeated temperature, humidity and vibration for decades, Since overconfidence is prohibited, the auxiliary heat insulating space 40A has an unexpected risk avoidance function as an auxiliary space for supplementing unexpected heat sinking of the heat insulating material 50C of the heat insulating space 40.
また、ボード状、フェルト状の断熱材５０Ｃの場合も、改修時の既存壁を利用し耐震補強のため筋かいを新設することができることとするが、断熱材５０Ｃの種類の選定には、筋かいとの隙間が発生しやすい特徴があるため、適宜考案して選定する、また、断熱材５０Ｂと同様に図１，３，に示す天井断熱の場合は天井の板材１０と省略して従来の気密シート仕様にできる、また、図２、４、の屋根断熱の垂木下の下地面材３００は省略することもできる。
In addition, in the case of the board-like and felt-like heat insulating material 50C, it is possible to newly install a brace for seismic reinforcement using the existing wall at the time of repair. Since there is a characteristic that a gap between the two is likely to occur, it is devised and selected as appropriate. Also, in the case of the ceiling insulation shown in FIGS. The lower floor material 300 under the rafter for roof insulation shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can be omitted.
本発明の実施形態に係る気密構造１によれば１階の床に貼られる床構造下地合板等を利用して土台、大引、根太の床下側に下地面材３００を設置して床構造用面材である板材１０を床構造下地合板等の板材１０で貼るとき大引、根太、土台の上での板材１０の継ぎ目をずらして、充填口２４を設けてばら状の断熱材５０Ａの場合は空気ネットを使用して、現場発泡の断熱材５０Ｂの場合は現場発泡のオーバーフロー部分を全部または一部を削り、断熱材５０Ｃの同質ボードを使用することができ、充填することもできる、フェルト状、ボード状の断熱材５０Ｃは継ぎ目をずらさず施工できる、その他断熱材５０Ａを床全面の空気ネット張りも検討できる、但し、充填する断熱材５０は雨に濡れる場合があるので材質の選定と養生に注意を払う事とする。
According to the airtight structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a floor structure base plywood or the like affixed to the floor of the first floor is used to install a base surface material 300 on the bottom side of the foundation, large pull, and joist floor for floor structure. In the case of a bulky insulating material 50A in which a filling port 24 is provided by shifting the joint of the plate material 10 on the base plate, the joist, and the base when the plate material 10 which is a face material is pasted with a plate material 10 such as a floor structure base plywood Felt can use air nets, in the case of in-situ foam insulation 50B, scrape all or part of the in-situ foam overflow part, use the same board of insulation 50C, and can also be filled The board-like insulation 50C can be constructed without shifting the seam, and the other insulation 50A can be considered for air netting on the entire floor, however, the insulation 50 to be filled may get wet in the rain. Pay attention to curing To.
ただし、すべての形態の板材１０の選定にもよるが、板材１０はビスの利くものと利かないものがある、利くものを採用した場合は、荷重のかかる手すりや家具の固定に位置的制限はないが、利かないものを採用した場合、石膏ボード等の仕上げ材２００のみの下地になるため、荷重の掛る手摺や家具の固定等は下地を取り付ける事により所定の位置に取り付けられることができる、但し、下地を別途設けなければならないことは固定する位置が限定されるほか、断熱材５０が薄くなるデメリットもある、よって、板材１０は格別の理由がない場合以外は、ビスの利くものを採用して防火機能等を仕上げ材２００に求めるのが望ましい。そのほかに、壁に時計や絵画をかけるためや家具の転倒防止対策で後付けでビスや釘を取り付ける場合もよくあるが、気密工事ではこの事例には対処していない場合が多い問題がある。
However, depending on the choice of plate material 10 in all forms, plate material 10 may or may not work with screws, and when it is used, there are positional restrictions on fixing handrails and furniture that are loaded. If you use something that is not good, it will be the base of only the finishing material 200 such as gypsum board, so the handrails and furniture that are loaded can be fixed in place by attaching the base, However, the fact that the base must be provided separately has a demerit that the fixing position is limited and the heat insulating material 50 becomes thin. Therefore, unless the board 10 has a special reason, it uses a screw-friendly one. Thus, it is desirable to obtain a fireproof function and the like from the finishing material 200. In addition, there are many cases where screws and nails are attached as a retrofit to put a clock or a picture on the wall or to prevent furniture from falling, but there are many problems that are often not addressed in airtight construction.
尚、下地面材３００は、本実施形態において、外壁の下地面材３００としているが、これに限らず屋根や天井と室内を仕切る仕切り材や床下と室内を仕切る仕切り材であっても良い。
In the present embodiment, the base surface material 300 is the lower ground material 300 of the outer wall, but is not limited thereto, and may be a partition material that partitions the roof and ceiling from the room, or a partition material that partitions the floor and the room.
構造体１００の外気側に設置する外壁の下地面材３００の取り付け前に構造体１００の水濡れ防止のため透湿防水シート３０を貼り付け、構造体１００から外側への構造を構造体１００＋透湿防水シート３０＋下地面材３００＋透湿防水シート３０＋通気層＋外壁仕上げ材のような構造として透湿防水シート３０が下地面材３００の内側と外側に二重に配置されることを特徴とする構造、この形態により下地面材３００を施工する前に雨等による構造体１００を工事期間の水濡れから保護して乾燥状態を保つための問題回避の特徴を有する。
A moisture permeable waterproof sheet 30 is attached to prevent water wetting of the structure 100 before attaching the lower ground material 300 of the outer wall to be installed on the outside air side of the structure 100, and the structure from the structure 100 to the outside is transferred to the structure 100 + transparent. The moisture permeable waterproof sheet 30 is double-arranged inside and outside the base surface material 300 as a structure such as the moisture waterproof sheet 30 + the base surface material 300 + the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 30 + the ventilation layer + the outer wall finishing material. This structure has a feature of avoiding problems for protecting the structure 100 due to rain or the like from being wet during the construction period and maintaining a dry state before the base material 300 is constructed.
改築工事を含め、上記の問題回避を確認して、各形状の断熱材５０で下地面材３００、二重に設置される透湿防水シート３０を考察して省略する事もできる。
Including renovation work, confirmation of avoidance of the above problems can be omitted by considering the base material 300 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 30 that is installed twice with the heat insulating material 50 of each shape.
パネル化されている形状が様々な断熱材５０パネルが市販され現存しているので、構造体１００の中に市販のパネル化している断熱材５０を大きなボード状の断熱材５０Ｃとして挿入してから板材１０を施工することもできる。
Since the heat insulating material 50 panels with various shapes in the form of panels are commercially available and existing, the heat insulating material 50 that is made into a commercially available panel is inserted into the structure 100 as a large board-shaped heat insulating material 50C. The plate material 10 can also be constructed.
従来の気密シートはタッカーで止めつけられるが、建物が地震等で揺らされる場合、気密シートとタッカーの周辺に振動による隙間が発生する、このような理由で建物の気密性能は経年変化により低下することが一般的に知られている、これは気密材として堅くないもの全て共通して発生すると考えられる、気密シート以外でプラスチック系のボード状の断熱気密材で気密をとる場合もよくあるが、ボード状の気密断熱材はビスで固定されている、こちらも地震等での振動が加わることによってビスと断熱材５０の間に隙間が発生しやすい同じ問題があった、この状況の再現は気密シートとボード状気密断熱材に例えば、ビスの抜き差しを繰り返すとビスの径よりも大きな穴が発生することが再現状況として確認できる、このことから建物の完成後、年月が経過していくと、経過年数の中で与えられる振動が多くなることが想定され、上記の再現状況が発生して隙間が多くなることが考えられる。
The conventional airtight sheet can be stopped by a tucker, but if the building is shaken by an earthquake or the like, a gap due to vibration is generated around the airtight sheet and the tucker. For this reason, the airtight performance of the building deteriorates due to secular change. It is generally known that this is not common as an airtight material, but it is thought that it occurs in common, and it is often the case that airtightness is taken with a plastic board-like heat insulating airtight material other than an airtight sheet, The board-like airtight heat insulating material is fixed with screws, which also has the same problem that a gap is likely to be generated between the screw and the heat insulating material 50 due to the vibration caused by an earthquake, etc. The reproduction of this situation is airtight For example, it can be confirmed as a reproduction situation that a hole larger than the diameter of the screw is generated by repeatedly inserting and removing the screw in the sheet and board-like airtight heat insulating material. Narugo, the date goes elapsed is assumed that the vibration given in the elapsed years is increased, the above reproduction conditions are considered to become many gaps occurred.
そこで、この二つの気密材の欠点であるビスやタッカー針の固定金具と気密材が揺らされることによって起こりうる隙間を少しでも少なくする課題に板材１０を利用した、なぜかと言えば上記の再現で板材１０にビスを貫通させて抜き差しをしようとしても、手の圧力では無理があるためペンチ等で抑えて、強制的に抜き差しをした場合、あきらかに上記の２例よりも発生する隙間は小さくなった再現状況がある、気密材として使用できる構造用面材である板材１０を利用して経年変化による気密性能の低下を減少させることに繋げ、これは、気密構造面材１０を釘やビスで止めつけた時、振動が加わっても釘やビスの周りに発生する隙間が上記の２例よりも少なくなることに着目した。
Therefore, the plate material 10 was used for the problem of reducing the gap that could occur when the fixing member of the screw or the tucker needle and the hermetic material, which are the disadvantages of these two hermetic materials, were shaken. Even if you try to insert / remove the plate 10 by inserting screws, it is impossible for the hand pressure, so if you forcibly insert / remove it with pliers etc., the gap generated will obviously be smaller than the above two examples. Using the plate material 10 that is a structural surface material that can be used as an airtight material that has been reproduced, this leads to a reduction in the deterioration of the airtight performance due to secular change. Attention was paid to the fact that the gap generated around the nail or the screw is smaller than that in the above two examples even when vibration is applied.
であるならば、穴が大きくなる２例に比べて板材１０を気密材として使用したほうが気密性能上、安全性が有利なことになる、また、建物の引き渡し時に気密性能の違いはなかったとしても、経過年数によってあきらかに、気密性能の低下を防ぐことができる。更に、板材の止めつけされる、たとえば、構造体１００には床に設置される横受け材、柱、間柱、胴差し、桁、入隅柱に設置される縦受け材等に発泡ポリエチレンの片面粘着テープをはり板材１０を釘等でとめつける、この弾性テープは縦にも横にも伸び縮みする性質があり構造体１００の動きに追従する性質がある貫通されたものの隙間を塞ぐ性質があり、尚且つ板材を止めつける際の、止めつけ位置の微調整が容易な利点がある。このほかの材質でも性質が同等な気密パッキン２０Ｂであれば使用できる。同等のシーリングの気密補助材２０も検討できるが、止めつけ金具の施工位置のばらつきを考えると、ある程度の幅を確保できる気密パッキン２０Ｂのほうが有利である。たとえば、ポリエチレンの片面粘着テープ等の気密パッキン２０Ｂとシリコンシーリング等の気密補助材２０を併用する事が望ましいので、幅をある程度確保して板材１０と粘着接着させることが気密の劣化の対応として大切である。たとえば、シーリング材を３０〜６０ミリ程度の幅広の施工用ノズルの装置があると、効率よく作業できる。また、施工状況を勘案すると気密補助材２０は、固定する過程で位置補正できる事が望ましい。
If this is the case, using the plate 10 as an airtight material is more advantageous in terms of airtightness than the two cases where the holes are larger, and there is no difference in airtightness when the building is delivered. However, the deterioration of the airtight performance can be clearly prevented depending on the number of years. Further, for example, on the structure 100, one side of foamed polyethylene is used for the horizontal support material installed on the floor, the pillar, the intermediate pillar, the trunk, the girder, the vertical support material installed on the corner pillar, etc. Adhesive tape is fastened to the plate 10 with a nail or the like. This elastic tape has the property of extending and contracting both vertically and horizontally, and has the property of following the movement of the structure 100, and has the property of closing the gap of the penetrated one. In addition, there is an advantage that fine adjustment of the fastening position when fastening the plate material is easy. Other materials can be used as long as the airtight packing 20B has the same properties. Although an airtight auxiliary material 20 having the same sealing can be examined, the airtight packing 20B that can secure a certain width is more advantageous in consideration of variations in the installation position of the fastening bracket. For example, since it is desirable to use an airtight packing 20B such as polyethylene single-sided adhesive tape and an airtight auxiliary material 20 such as silicon sealing, it is important to secure a certain width and adhesively bond to the plate 10 as a countermeasure for airtight deterioration. It is. For example, if there is a device for a construction nozzle having a width of about 30 to 60 mm, the sealing material can be efficiently operated. In consideration of the construction situation, it is desirable that the airtight auxiliary material 20 can be corrected in the fixing process.
また、今まで、図５，６，７，８，９のような、経年変化による気密材と止めつけ金物の隙間の拡大状況を防ぐことまでの工夫がなかなかされずにいたことに対して、構造体１００と気密材である板材１０の間に気密補助材２０を設置する気密構造１を提供することができる。このときに、板材１０と仕上げ材２００の間に気密パッキン２０Ｂを配置することもできることにするが、止めつけ金具は接点は構造体１００となるので板材１０の厚み分の構造体１００からの距離が遠くなるため振動による隙間が大きくなりやすい欠点と、気密パッキン２０Ｂ＋板材１０＋気密テープ２０Ａ＋仕上げ材２００のほうが、気密補助材２０を二重に施工するので、どちらかと言えば、気密パッキン２０Ｂは構造体１００に近い方が長所があり望ましい。
In addition, until now, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, it has been difficult to devise to prevent the expansion of the gap between the airtight material and the fastening hardware due to secular change. It is possible to provide the airtight structure 1 in which the airtight auxiliary material 20 is installed between the structure 100 and the plate 10 that is an airtight material. At this time, the airtight packing 20B can be arranged between the plate material 10 and the finishing material 200. However, since the contact point of the fastener is the structure body 100, the distance from the structure body 100 corresponding to the thickness of the plate material 10 is used. The airtight packing 20B + the plate 10 + the airtight tape 20A + the finishing material 200 doubly construct the airtight auxiliary material 20, so that the airtight packing 20B has a structure. The one closer to the body 100 has advantages and is desirable.
この板材１０が、振動時に発生する、止めつけ金具との隙間が少ないことと、構造体１００に釘等で止めつけられる構造体１００には全て気密パッキン２０Ｂがはられ、止めつけ金具が板材１０を貫通して発生する隙間を塞ぐことを併用することで、気密シートやプラスチック系のボード状の断熱材５０Ｃを使用するのに比べ、経年低下を含む気密性能の向上できる。本発明の気密構造１は板材１０の止めつけに使用される釘等を打つ面の構造体１００から気密パッキン２０Ｂの１ミリ前後の厚みの凸部が形成され、気密材の板材１０が外壁構成面の全面に張り付けられ、室内側の板材１０の継ぎ目には気密補助材２０で気密処理されて、壁の気密構造１が構成されることになる。
The plate member 10 has a small gap with the fastening member that is generated during vibration, and the structure 100 that is fastened to the structure body 100 with a nail or the like is provided with an airtight packing 20B. By using together the closing of the gap generated through the air-tightness, it is possible to improve the airtight performance including aged deterioration as compared with the case of using the airtight sheet or the plastic board-like heat insulating material 50C. In the airtight structure 1 of the present invention, a convex portion having a thickness of about 1 mm of the airtight packing 20B is formed from a structure 100 on a surface for hitting a nail or the like used for fastening the plate material 10, and the plate material 10 of the airtight material is configured as an outer wall. The wall is hermetically sealed with the airtight auxiliary material 20 at the joint of the plate 10 on the indoor side, and the airtight structure 1 of the wall is formed.
気密シート等を使わないで、板材１０を使用して気密材とする場合、気密シート等の透湿抵抗が確保できない場合がある。そのため、コンクリート型枠用合板で使用される表面加工技術を利用して構造用面材の断熱材充填側に全面にコート加工処理されたものを使用すると、気密シートと同等の気密性能を保つ構造用面材にできる。この技術を採用して、例えば、構造用面材の気密面に湿気を通さない弾性シートを貼り付け加工することや、弾性のあるコート材等でオーバーレイ加工して隙間を塞ぐことなどの２重の層が形成されることが可能になる。このことにより、透湿抵抗の確保と小さい隙間とは云え、発生するビス等と気密材の隙間を塞ぐ機能を持たせて、継ぎ目の気密処理をすることで、建物の引き渡し後の気密性能の低下を改善できる。ただし、気密ラインでの気密工夫は、出来るだけシンプルにすることで、粘着性のある弾性と気密補修の容易性がある様にした方が望ましい。
When the plate material 10 is used as an airtight material without using an airtight sheet or the like, moisture permeability resistance of the airtight sheet or the like may not be ensured. Therefore, if the surface treatment technology used in concrete formwork plywood is used to coat the entire surface of the structural face material on the heat insulating material filling side, a structure that maintains the same airtight performance as an airtight sheet Can be used as a face material. Adopting this technology, for example, a process of attaching an elastic sheet that does not allow moisture to pass through to the airtight surface of the structural face material, or overlaying with an elastic coating material to close the gap, etc. Layers can be formed. As a result, the airtight performance after delivery of the building is ensured by providing the function of closing the gap between the generated screws and the airtight material, ensuring the moisture permeability resistance and small gap, and by performing the airtight treatment of the seam. Decrease can be improved. However, it is desirable to make the airtight device in the airtight line as simple as possible so that it has adhesive elasticity and easy airtight repair.
上記の弾力性のある加工をして、安全性の確保できる板材１０を提供できる。また、板材１０と構造体１００との間の気密パッキン２０Ｂをたとえば、家具の耐震ゲル等で使用されているゲル状エストラマー等の粘性材料テープを使用すると気密パッキン２０Ｂの厚みが増す点があるが、透湿抵抗と弾性の気密低減効果と制震機能を付加させる組み合わせが可能となる。
The board | plate material 10 which can process the said elastic process and can ensure safety | security can be provided. In addition, when the airtight packing 20B between the plate member 10 and the structure 100 is made of a viscous material tape such as a gel-like elastomer used in an earthquake-resistant gel for furniture, the thickness of the airtight packing 20B is increased. In addition, a combination of adding moisture resistance and elastic airtight reduction effect and vibration control function is possible.
今後、既存建物の断熱改修を含む省エネ化でリフォーム産業も発展が望めるが、断熱材５０と各種建築板材とを接着加工した物が現存する、本願の板材１０に採用した場合は板材１０と構造１００体の間に断熱材５０が介在することになるが、既存壁の撤去にかかわらず図１０に示す場合も既存壁を付加部材４００として一体化したものと取り扱いして、気密材として機能を損なわない事を確認した板材１０の場合に限って、プラスチック系等の断熱材５０を接着加工した板材１０を採用する事ができる。このとき、気密補助材２０が粘着または接着するまでに固定部材の隙間を塞ぐ性質を持つ両面テープ等だけで釘やビスを使用しない方法で固定することもできるが、釘やビスと同等の保持力があるか気密補助材２０の粘着接着強度を確認した上で採用する。
In the future, the renovation industry can also be expected to develop with energy saving including heat insulation repair of existing buildings. However, when it is used for the plate material 10 of the present application in which an insulation material 50 and various building plate materials are bonded, the structure and the plate material 10 are used. Although the heat insulating material 50 is interposed between 100 bodies, the existing wall is treated as an integrated additional member 400 regardless of the removal of the existing wall, and functions as an airtight material. Only in the case of the plate 10 that has been confirmed not to be damaged, the plate 10 obtained by bonding the heat insulating material 50 such as plastic can be employed. At this time, the airtight auxiliary member 20 can be fixed by a method that does not use a nail or a screw only with a double-sided tape or the like that closes the gap between the fixing members until the airtight auxiliary material 20 adheres or adheres. It is adopted after confirming the adhesive adhesion strength of the airtight auxiliary material 20 for strength.
図１１の様に既存壁の付加部材４００にさらに、付加する下地の付加部材４００を設けてから断熱材５０を充填した下地の付加部材４００を設置して弾性の気密補助材２０が配置されてから板材１０にすることもできる。又、図１３のようにラワン合板等に弾力性のある気密補助材２０を少なくとも板材１０の外縁はさんだ（全面でもよい）板材１０を採用することもできる。（板材１０＋気密補助材２０＋板材１０のような複合材であっても良い）このとき、図１０のような既存壁の付加部材４００に断熱材５０を充填せずに断熱材５０を取り付けた付加部材４００付きの板材１０であっても良い。また、図１２のように既存壁の付加部材４００に開口部を設けて断熱材５０を補強充填してから、気密補助材２０を設置して板材１０を設置しても良い、様々な方法がある断熱改修を伴う場合には、既存壁を撤去してから気密工事を行うことも想定できる。また、図１０，１１の複数の組み合わせの併用も考えられ、付加部材４００を新築時に設けて断熱強化に利用することもできる。付加部材４００は撤去を含む既存壁、付加する下地、断熱材５０、板材１０のいずれかであってよいし、これらの組み合わせであっても良い。（気密補助材２０の複数層の設置も含む）断熱工法では分類していない付加内貼断熱工法とでもいえる充填断熱工法が改築、新築に関わらず採用できる。
As shown in FIG. 11, the additional member 400 of the base is further provided on the additional member 400 of the existing wall, and then the base additional member 400 filled with the heat insulating material 50 is installed, and the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 is arranged. It is also possible to make a plate material 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, it is also possible to employ a plate material 10 in which at least the outer edge of the plate material 10 is sandwiched between the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 and the lauan plywood or the like (the entire surface may be used). (It may be a composite material such as the plate material 10 + the airtight auxiliary material 20 + the plate material 10) At this time, the additional member 400 attached to the existing wall additional member 400 as shown in FIG. The plate member 10 with the member 400 may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, there are various methods in which an opening is provided in the additional member 400 of the existing wall and the heat insulating material 50 is reinforced and filled, and then the airtight auxiliary material 20 is installed and the plate material 10 is installed. In the case of a certain insulation modification, it can be assumed that the existing wall is removed and then the airtight construction is performed. Also, a combination of a plurality of combinations shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is conceivable, and the additional member 400 can be provided at the time of new construction and used for heat insulation reinforcement. The additional member 400 may be an existing wall including removal, a base to be added, the heat insulating material 50, the plate material 10, or a combination thereof. The filling heat insulation method, which can be called an additional internal heat insulation method that is not classified in the heat insulation method (including the installation of a plurality of layers of the airtight auxiliary material 20), can be adopted regardless of whether it is remodeled or newly constructed.
ばら状の断熱材５０Ａ、フェルト、ボード状の断熱材５０Ｃには、不織布施工、ミミ付きの形状の物等が現存するが、直接、構造体１００や付加部材４００に気密補助材２０に粘着接着しない場合も想定されるが、既存壁の付加部材４００と同様に、断熱材５０のミミ部が介している場合も可能とする、理由として、固定部材である止めつけ金物の振動による隙間拡大抑止に効果があるからである。しかし、できるだけ、構造体１００、付加部材４００、と直接粘着接着することが望ましいと考える。また、板材１０に粘着または接着する弾性体の合成ゴムシート等の気密補助材２０が組み込まれた（合成ゴムシートを弾性気密補助材として両側に接着材を塗布してサンドウィッチ状況にしたもの）加工複合材の板材１０であっても良い。その外にたとえば、針葉樹合板にシーリング材等の弾力性の接着する気密補助材２０を塗布してから針葉樹合板等を組み込む加工複合材も考えられる。シーリング材等の弾力性のある気密補助材２０を含む構造体１００側で内装材を止めつける隠し釘と同じ仕組みの釘頭が折れ離れる構造の釘やビスで止めつける方法を採用すると振動の作用時の限界点を超える時点で頭部が分離され固定金物による止めつける作用がなくなり弾力性のある気密補助材２０だけで固定されている状況になる。（００７９での両面テープを利用した場合も含められる）このことで、気密補助材２０の耐振復元力だけの仕上げ材２００の下地を板材１０によって構築することができる。また、構造体１００とゴム弾性の気密補助材２０の接着または粘着状況が確保される場合、加工複合材の板材１０を充填断熱に限らず外張断熱の工法にも採用できる。ただし、気密性能の補修は限定される工程でしか作業ができないため注意が必要になる。弾性の気密補助材２０の性質に伴う制震機能を、板材１０の性質に伴う耐震機能も付与でき、加工複合材の板材１０に組み込まれる弾性の気密補助材２０の位置、形状、性質によるが気密補助材２０Ａの省略も不可能ではない。いずれにしても、構造体１００と板材１０の間に様々な物が存在していても存在していなくても両側に粘着または接着する弾性の気密補助材２０を配置することで、釘やビスで圧接して固定される今までの気密パッキン２０Ｂより、振動、材料のやせ等で発生する隙間を少なくして粘着または接着の状態による経年劣化を防ぐことが可能になる。
The non-woven fabric construction and the object with the shape of the mimami exist in the bulky heat insulating material 50A, the felt, and the board-shaped heat insulating material 50C, but directly adhere to the airtight auxiliary material 20 on the structure 100 or the additional member 400. It is also possible to prevent the gap from expanding due to the vibration of the fastening hardware that is a fixing member, as in the case of the additional member 400 of the existing wall. This is because it is effective. However, it is desirable that the structure 100 and the additional member 400 be directly adhesively bonded as much as possible. In addition, an airtight auxiliary material 20 such as an elastic synthetic rubber sheet that adheres to or adheres to the plate 10 is incorporated (a synthetic rubber sheet is used as an elastic airtight auxiliary material to apply an adhesive on both sides to form a sandwich). It may be a composite plate 10. In addition, for example, a processed composite material in which a softwood plywood or the like is incorporated after an airtight auxiliary material 20 such as a sealing material that is elastically bonded is applied to the softwood plywood. When the structure 100 including the sealing material or the like including the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 is used, the nail head having the same mechanism as the hidden nail for fixing the interior material is secured to the structure 100 and the nail or the screw is used to fix the structure. When the time limit is exceeded, the head is separated and there is no effect of stopping by the fixed hardware, and the situation is fixed only by the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20. (This includes the case where the double-sided tape in 0079 is used.) Thus, the base of the finishing material 200 having only the vibration-proof restoring force of the airtight auxiliary material 20 can be constructed by the plate material 10. Moreover, when the adhesion or adhesion state between the structural body 100 and the rubber elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 is ensured, the plate material 10 of the processed composite material can be used not only for the filling heat insulation but also for the method of external heat insulation. However, care must be taken because repair of the airtight performance can be performed only in a limited process. The seismic control function associated with the properties of the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 can be imparted with the seismic resistance function associated with the properties of the plate material 10, depending on the position, shape and properties of the elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 incorporated into the plate material 10 of the processed composite material. It is not impossible to omit the airtight auxiliary material 20A. In any case, by arranging an elastic airtight auxiliary material 20 that adheres or adheres to both sides of the structure 100 and the plate material 10 even if various objects are present, it is possible to arrange nails and screws. As compared with the conventional airtight packing 20B which is fixed by pressure contact, it is possible to reduce a gap generated by vibration, material thinning, and the like, thereby preventing aged deterioration due to the state of adhesion or adhesion.
