JP5999660B2 - Fish reef block and underwater structure - Google Patents
Fish reef block and underwater structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5999660B2 JP5999660B2 JP2014086701A JP2014086701A JP5999660B2 JP 5999660 B2 JP5999660 B2 JP 5999660B2 JP 2014086701 A JP2014086701 A JP 2014086701A JP 2014086701 A JP2014086701 A JP 2014086701A JP 5999660 B2 JP5999660 B2 JP 5999660B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- shaped frame
- rod
- fish reef
- reef
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Description
本発明は、高密度高耐久性木材(ビリアン(ウリン)又は類似する木材)を用いた木製人工魚礁ブロックと、当該ブロックを用いる人工魚礁及び魚礁としての機能を持たせる高密度高耐久性木材を用いた水中構造物に関する。 The present invention relates to a wooden artificial reef block using high-density and high-durability wood (bilian (urine) or similar wood), and a high-density and high-durability wood having a function as an artificial reef and fish reef using the block. It relates to the underwater structure used.
一般の人工魚礁は主にコンクリート製のブロックや鉄骨製構造体等で構成され(以下、従来型魚礁と呼ぶ)、魚礁の造成にはクレーン船等を用いて海洋土木工事を必要とする大規模なものである。その規模によるスケールメリットがある反面、スポット的な魚礁造成のニーズを満たすことはできなかった。また鉄骨、コンクリートブロックは耐久性があるが、砂礫や砂泥の海底では海潮流等による洗掘によって年々海底に埋没していくということと、付着生物によって内部空間が閉塞していくという問題点があった。いずれも魚礁としての効果を減殺させる重大な問題点である。 General artificial fish reefs are mainly composed of concrete blocks and steel structures (hereinafter referred to as conventional fish reefs), and the construction of fish reefs requires large-scale civil engineering work using crane ships etc. It is a thing. Although there is a merit of scale according to the scale, it was not possible to meet the needs of spot fish reef creation. Steel frames and concrete blocks are durable, but the problem is that gravel and sand mud are buried in the seabed year after year by scouring due to ocean tides, etc., and the internal space is blocked by attached organisms. was there. Both are serious problems that reduce the effectiveness of fish reefs.
一方、鉄骨もしくはコンクリート魚礁にない機能と特性を持つものとして木製人工魚礁が考案されている。これらは主としてスギ、ヒノキ等の間伐材やそれに類する通常の木材と、錘も兼ねている鉄やコンクリートの構造部材で構成されている。木製魚礁は水中の生物生態系になじみ易く集魚効果が高いとされてきた。また、間伐材の有効利用の一環としても位置付けられてきた。 On the other hand, wooden artificial reefs have been devised as having functions and characteristics not found in steel or concrete reefs. These are mainly composed of thinned wood such as cedar and cypress, or ordinary timber similar to them, and iron or concrete structural members that also serve as weights. Wooden fish reefs are said to be easy to adapt to aquatic ecosystems and have a high fish collection effect. It has also been positioned as part of effective use of thinned wood.
なお、この種の人工魚礁として具体的には特許文献1〜特許文献3等に記載のものが知られている。 In addition, the thing described in patent document 1-patent document 3 etc. is specifically known as this kind of artificial fish reef.
しかしながら、従来の木製魚礁は数年程度、特に比較的水温の高い海域では1年前後でフナクイムシ等の生物侵食によって崩壊・消失していき、長期的効果が期待できない。また、侵食の過程では木材が構造部材や錘から脱落し、海面を漂流して航行障害物となる危険性や、養殖生簀等の海上構造物に被害を与える危険性があった。 However, the conventional wooden fish reefs have been destroyed and disappeared by biological erosion such as beetle in about a year, especially in waters with relatively high water temperatures, and long-term effects cannot be expected. In addition, during the erosion process, there was a risk of timber falling off structural members and weights, drifting on the sea surface and becoming navigation obstacles, and damaging offshore structures such as aquaculture ginger.
本発明はかかる実情に鑑み、海中での耐久性が極めて強い人工魚礁及び優れた魚礁効果を実現する木製の魚礁ブロック及び水中構造物を提供することを目的とする。 In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an artificial fish reef that is extremely durable in the sea and a wooden fish reef block and an underwater structure that realize an excellent reef effect.
本発明による魚礁ブロックは、沈設型人工魚礁用の魚礁ブロックであって、複数の棒状フレーム材が接続具を介して相互に接合されてなる、少なくとも底面に平面部を持つ多面体中空構造を有し、前記棒状フレーム材は、その密度が海水よりも大きく、海底砂礫よりも小さいビリアン材により形成されたことを特徴とする。 The fish reef block according to the present invention is a fish reef block for a subsidence type artificial reef, and has a polyhedral hollow structure having a flat portion at least on the bottom surface, in which a plurality of rod-shaped frame members are joined to each other via a connector. The rod-shaped frame material is characterized in that it is formed of a Billian material whose density is larger than seawater and smaller than seabed gravel.
また、本発明の魚礁ブロックにおいて、前記棒状フレーム材の端部同士が前記接続具を介して締結具によって締結され、前記締結具の端部は、前記多面体の外周面側に位置する前記棒状フレーム材の表面下に埋設されることを特徴とする。 Further, in the fish reef block according to the present invention, the ends of the rod-shaped frame members are fastened by a fastener via the connector, and the ends of the fastener are positioned on the outer peripheral surface side of the polyhedron. It is embedded under the surface of the material.
また、本発明による水中構造物は、上記魚礁ブロックを複数結合してなる水中構造物であって、各前記棒状フレーム材の長手方向に沿って複数のユニバーサルホールを有し、隣接配置した前記魚礁ブロックが、それぞれの前記ユニバーサルホールに結合手段を挿通させて相互に結合されてなることを特徴とする。 An underwater structure according to the present invention is an underwater structure formed by connecting a plurality of the above-mentioned fish reef blocks, and has a plurality of universal holes along the longitudinal direction of each of the rod-shaped frame members, and is adjacent to the fish reef. The blocks are coupled to each other by inserting coupling means into the respective universal holes.
本発明によれば、天然の木材製であるため鉄骨やコンクリートブロックに比べて環境親和性が極めて高く、環境負荷が低く、且つ高い集魚効果が得られる。また、高い強度と生物侵食耐性を持っており、他の木材製魚礁と比較して長期間魚礁効果が持続する。海水よりも密度が高いビリアン材等で構成されているので、万一壊れても水面を漂流して航行船舶や生簀等に損傷を与える障害物になる危険性がなく、安全な漁場造成が可能である。更に、海底の砂礫や泥よりもはるかに密度が小さいため、洗掘によって埋没することがなく、長期間の魚礁効果が期待できる等々の利点がある。 According to the present invention, because it is made of natural wood, it has extremely high environmental compatibility compared to steel frames and concrete blocks, has a low environmental load, and provides a high fish collection effect. In addition, it has high strength and bioerosion resistance, and the reef effect lasts longer than other timber reefs. Because it is composed of virian materials with higher density than seawater, even if it breaks, there is no danger of drifting on the water surface and damaging sailing vessels and ginger, etc., and safe fishing grounds can be created It is. Furthermore, since the density is much smaller than the gravel and mud on the seabed, there is an advantage that a long-term fish reef effect can be expected without being buried by scouring.
以下、図面に基づき、本発明による魚礁ブロック及び水中構造物における好適な実施の形態を説明する。
ここで先ず、本発明者等は、従来の木製魚礁が水中の生物生態系になじみ易く集魚効果が高いとされる一方で、特に生物侵食に対する耐性、付着生物の剥離性あるいはその内部侵襲等において脆弱であることに鑑み、種々の実験を重ねた結果、ビリアン材の海中における耐久性が格段に優れていることを見出した。そして、このビリアン材が従来の木製人工魚礁の材料である杉、ヒノキ及び竹等に対して著しい優位性を持つことを解明し、本発明に至った。即ち、かかる識見に基づき、特に次の2点での優位性を実験、検証した。
1)海中で木材の耐久性を大きく損なうフナクイムシ等の食害に極めて強い。
2)付着生物はつくものの、容易に剥離可能で、内部侵襲がなく腐蝕もしない。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a fish reef block and an underwater structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First of all, the inventors of the present invention are said to be familiar with aquatic ecosystems underwater and have a high fish collection effect while the conventional wooden fish reefs are particularly resistant to biological erosion, exfoliation of attached organisms or internal invasion thereof. In view of the fragility, as a result of various experiments, it was found that the durability of the virian material in the sea is remarkably excellent. And it was clarified that this billian material has a remarkable advantage over the cedar, cypress, bamboo, etc. which are the materials of the conventional wooden artificial reef, and it came to this invention. That is, based on such insight, the superiority in the following two points was tested and verified.
1) Extremely resistant to food damage such as beetles that greatly impair the durability of wood in the sea.
2) Although attached organisms are attached, they can be easily peeled off and do not corrode or corrode internally.
このような優れた性状・特性を有するビリアン材に対して実施した、海中での耐性試験の試験結果等を説明する。図1(A)はこの試験に使用した試験サンプルの例を示し、図中、左からコンクリート板、パイン(松)材、鉄板(厚さ5mm)及びビリアン材である。図1(B)はこれらの試験サンプルの海中(水深約20m)浸漬前と浸漬後400日を経過した状態を示している。 The test results of the underwater resistance test carried out on the virian material having such excellent properties and characteristics will be described. FIG. 1 (A) shows an example of a test sample used in this test, and in the drawing, from the left are a concrete plate, a pine (pine) material, an iron plate (thickness 5 mm), and a virian material. FIG. 1 (B) shows a state in which these test samples have been immersed in the sea (water depth of about 20 m) before and after 400 days have passed.
コンクリート板はカキ、フジツボ及びカンザシゴカイ等が何層にも固着してナイフで剥離することは殆んどできなかった。パイン材は約6カ月を経過した時点で半分程が食害を受けて消失し、約1年で略すべてが消失した。ビリアン材は400日経過後も殆んど内部に食害を受けていない。また、表面の付着生物の被度は他のサンプルと比較して小さく、生地がむき出しの部分もあった(図2(A)参照)。また、図2(B)に示されるように、付着していたフジツボやカキもナイフ等で簡単に剥離することができ、剥離後も内部侵食の形跡はない。このように海中での実験を経てビリアン材の持つ優位性を検証することができた。 As for the concrete board, oysters, barnacles, kansagogo, etc. were stuck in layers and could hardly be peeled off with a knife. After about 6 months, about half of the pine wood was lost due to food damage, and almost all of it disappeared in about one year. Billian wood has hardly been damaged by the inside after 400 days. Moreover, the coverage of the attached organisms on the surface was small compared to other samples, and there was a portion where the fabric was exposed (see FIG. 2A). In addition, as shown in FIG. 2B, the attached barnacles and oysters can be easily peeled off with a knife or the like, and there is no evidence of internal erosion even after peeling. In this way, we were able to verify the superiority of virian materials through experiments in the sea.
なお、後述するように本発明を具現化するにあたり、従来ビリアン材を海底に沈設する構造物に応用した事例はなく、これを実現すべく上述の優位性をベースとして種々工夫することで本発明の魚礁ブロックを完成した。その場合、ビリアン材の強度、密度及び水中重量等の性状、あるいは魚礁ブロックの構造等が相乗効果を奏し、従来なかった優れた性能を有する魚礁ブロックの実現化に成功したものである。 As will be described later, there has been no example in which the present invention has been applied to a structure in which a virian material is submerged on the seabed, and various inventions based on the above-described superiority can be realized to realize this. Completed the reef block. In that case, properties such as strength, density and underwater weight of the virian material, or the structure of the fish reef block have a synergistic effect, and the fish reef block having excellent performance which has not been conventionally achieved has been successfully realized.
次に、本発明を具体的に説明すると、図3は本発明を適用してなる魚礁ブロック10の実施形態を模式的に示す斜視図である。本例では特に沈設型人工魚礁を構築するために好適なものとして、海底に沈めて使用される。本実施形態における棒状フレーム材11等の寸法を図3に併記するが、それらの数値は必要に応じて適宜変更可能である。魚礁ブロック10は、複数の棒状フレーム材11が接続具12を介して相互に接合されてなる、少なくとも底面に平面部を持つ多面体中空構造を有している。棒状フレーム材11は典型的には角棒あるいは角材であり、正方形あるいは長方形の矩形断面形状を有する。なお、棒状フレーム材11は所謂丸棒あるいは三角形断面の棒材等も使用可能である。また、魚礁ブロック10の多面体立体構造として、図3のように立方体が好適であるが、直方体あるいは柱体等も採用可能であり、いずれの場合も底面に平面部を有する。 Next, the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a fish reef block 10 to which the present invention is applied. In this example, it is used by being submerged in the seabed, particularly suitable for constructing a subsidence type artificial reef. Although the dimensions of the rod-shaped frame member 11 and the like in the present embodiment are shown in FIG. 3, those numerical values can be appropriately changed as necessary. The fish reef block 10 has a polyhedral hollow structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped frame members 11 are joined to each other via a connector 12 and has a flat portion at least on the bottom surface. The rod-shaped frame member 11 is typically a square bar or a square member, and has a square cross section of a square or a rectangle. The rod-shaped frame member 11 may be a so-called round bar or a triangular bar member. Further, as the polyhedral three-dimensional structure of the fish reef block 10, a cube is suitable as shown in FIG. 3, but a rectangular parallelepiped, a pillar, or the like can also be adopted, and in any case, a flat portion is provided on the bottom.
棒状フレーム材11はその密度が海水よりも大きく、海底砂礫よりも小さいビリアン材、又は少なくとも生物侵食耐性、密度及び硬度を含む性状がビリアン材と同等な木材により形成される。このビリアン(Belian)はボルネオ鉄木、ブリアンあるいはウリン等とも呼称され、本発明の魚礁ブロック10は典型的には、高密度高耐久性木材であるビリアン材を用いて構成されることを特徴とする。 The rod-shaped frame material 11 is formed of a virian material having a density higher than that of seawater and smaller than that of seabed gravel, or a wood having properties equivalent to at least the bioerosion resistance, density and hardness as the virian material. This Belian is also called Borneo iron wood, Brian or Urin, etc., and the fish reef block 10 of the present invention is typically composed of a high-density, high-durability wood using a Vilian material. To do.
図4に示されるように魚礁ブロック10の角部において、棒状フレーム材11のこの例では3つの端部同士が接続具12を介して、締結具13であるボルト13A/ナット13Bによって締結される。接続具12は図5に示すように、魚礁ブロック10の角部に対応して直交3方向に延出するように折曲成形された板金材でなり、ボルト13Aを通すための複数の挿通孔14が開設されている。なお、各棒状フレーム材11の端部にも、ボルト13Aを通すための複数の挿通孔15が開設されている。 As shown in FIG. 4, at the corner portion of the fish reef block 10, in this example, the three end portions of the rod-shaped frame member 11 are fastened by the bolts 13 </ b> A / nuts 13 </ b> B that are the fasteners 13 through the connection tool 12. . As shown in FIG. 5, the connector 12 is made of a sheet metal material that is bent so as to extend in three orthogonal directions corresponding to the corners of the fish reef block 10, and has a plurality of insertion holes for passing bolts 13 </ b> A. 14 has been established. In addition, a plurality of insertion holes 15 for allowing the bolts 13 </ b> A to pass therethrough are also opened at the end portions of the respective rod-shaped frame members 11.
接続具12は図4のように魚礁ブロック10の角部の内側にあてがわれるが、締結具13の端部(即ちボルト13Aのボルトヘッド又はナット13B)は、魚礁ブロック10の多面体立体構造の外周面側に位置する、棒状フレーム材11の表面下に埋設されるようになっている。つまり棒状フレーム材11の挿通孔15の外周面側の開口部15Aは座ぐり加工されており、この開口部15Aに締結具13の端部を埋設するかたちで締結することで、外方へ突出しないようにしている。 As shown in FIG. 4, the connector 12 is applied to the inside of the corner of the fish reef block 10, but the end of the fastener 13 (that is, the bolt head or the nut 13 </ b> B of the bolt 13 </ b> A) is a polyhedral three-dimensional structure of the fish reef block 10. It is embedded under the surface of the rod-shaped frame member 11 located on the outer peripheral surface side. In other words, the opening 15A on the outer peripheral surface side of the insertion hole 15 of the rod-shaped frame member 11 is countersunk, and is projected outward by fastening the end of the fastener 13 in the opening 15A. I try not to.
魚礁ブロック10の構成要素である棒状フレーム材11、接続具12及び締結具13(ボルト13A、ナット13B)は図6に示されるように分解される。各パーツごとにまとめておき、それらの搬送後、現場等にて図3のように組み立てることができる。実使用において利便性や取扱い性等に極めて優れている。 The rod-shaped frame material 11, the connector 12, and the fastener 13 (bolt 13A, nut 13B), which are components of the fish reef block 10, are disassembled as shown in FIG. It can be assembled for each part and assembled at the site after transporting them as shown in FIG. In actual use, it is extremely convenient and easy to handle.
ここで、棒状フレーム材11の性状等において、先ずその密度に関して、ビリアン材の密度(1040kg/m3)は、海水密度(1028〜1035kg/m3)よりも大きいので海水に沈むため、万一分解しても水面を漂流して被害を生じる危険性がない。また、ビリアン材は、海底の砂礫の密度(1700〜1900kg/m3)よりもはるかに小さいため、コンクリート(2300kg/m3)、鉄骨(7700kg/m3)製の魚礁のように洗掘等の物理作用によって海底に埋没することが殆んどない。 Here, in the property etc. of the rod-shaped frame material 11, since the density (1040 kg / m 3 ) of the virian material is larger than the sea water density (1028 to 1035 kg / m 3 ), it sinks in sea water. Even if it is disassembled, there is no danger of drifting and causing damage. Further, Birian material is much less than the density of the gravel submarine (1700~1900kg / m 3), concrete (2300kg / m 3), steel (7700kg / m 3) made of scouring such as reefs It is rarely buried in the sea floor due to the physical action.
また、ビリアン材は硬度が高く堅牢な木材であり、上記のように比重は海水よりも大きい。更に、生物侵食に高い耐性を持ち、表面への生物付着も少ない。また、高い耐性により魚礁効果の持続が期待できる。フジツボ及びカキ等の付着生物で空隙が埋まり難く、材質は腐食に強く海中においても長期耐性がある。生物毒性が無く有害物質の溶出等による環境負荷がない。人工魚礁一般において、特にイセエビ礁等では付着生物による空隙減が問題であるが、そのような問題に対して高い効果が期待できる。 In addition, the virian material is a hard wood with high hardness and has a specific gravity greater than seawater as described above. Furthermore, it is highly resistant to bioerosion and has little biofouling on the surface. In addition, the fish reef effect can be expected to be sustained due to its high tolerance. The voids are not easily filled with adhering organisms such as barnacles and oysters, and the material is resistant to corrosion and has long-term resistance in the sea. There is no biological toxicity and there is no environmental impact due to elution of harmful substances. In artificial fish reefs in general, void reduction due to attached organisms is a problem particularly in lobster reefs, etc., but a high effect can be expected for such problems.
ところで、通常の木製魚礁の多くは間伐材の有効利用の一環として検討されているが、木材コストが安い反面、2年程度で略消失すると考えられる。また、消失の過程で錘が外れれば流木として漂流し、航行障害物となることもあり得る。上記試験結果からも分かるように、ビリアンを用いた人工魚礁ではどのような形状に構成しても侵食耐性に実質的な影響はなく、外力等で破損した場合にも漂流の危険がない。また、本来ウッドデッキやエクステリア用の資材として輸入されているものであり、コストも他の資材用木材と同程度である。間伐材よりは高価ではあるが、耐用期間と設置の作業量等々を考えれば効率的である。更に、ビリアン魚礁の優れた点として資源の有効利用を挙げることができる。従来ではビリアン材は主に、ウッドデッキ等の長い外構材として利用されるので、その場合1m前後のものは端材として処分され、即ち有効利用されていないのが実情である。このように従来のビリアン材の利用法では端材として扱われる比較的短尺の部材の有効利用にもなり、コスト面での優位性があると共に、地球の限りある資源の有効利用にも繋がる。 By the way, many of the usual wooden fish reefs have been studied as part of the effective use of thinned wood, but the cost of timber is low, but it is thought that it will almost disappear in about two years. Also, if the weight comes off during the process of disappearance, it may drift as driftwood and become a navigation obstacle. As can be seen from the above test results, any shape of the artificial reef using the virian has no substantial effect on the erosion resistance, and there is no danger of drifting even if it is damaged by an external force. In addition, they are originally imported as materials for wood decks and exteriors, and the cost is about the same as other materials. Although it is more expensive than thinned wood, it is efficient considering the service life and the amount of installation work. Furthermore, effective use of resources can be cited as an excellent point of the Bilien reef. Conventionally, the virian material is mainly used as a long exterior material such as a wood deck, and in this case, the material around 1 m is disposed as an end material, that is, it is not effectively used. As described above, the conventional method of using the virian material also makes effective use of a relatively short member treated as an end material, which has an advantage in cost and leads to effective use of limited resources on the earth.
次に、本発明に係る水中構造物について説明する。図7(A)〜(F)は、魚礁ブロック10を複数結合してなる水中構造物100の例をそれぞれ示している。図7(A)において、複数(図示例では4つ)の魚礁ブロック10の側面の適所同士が結合して、水平方向に広がるように構築される。図7(B)において、複数の魚礁ブロック10の側面同士が結合したものの上に、更に2段目の魚礁ブロック10が積層され、上下方向にも広がるように構築される。図7(C)において、複数の魚礁ブロック10の側面の適所同士が結合したものにおいて中央の1/2段目の魚礁ブロック10が積層される。図7(D)において、複数(図示例では3つ)の魚礁ブロック10の側面の適所同士が結合したものの上に、更に2段目の魚礁ブロック10が積層される。図7(E)において、複数(図示例では3つ)の魚礁ブロック10の側面の適所同士が結合して、水平方向に広がるように構築される。図7(F)において、上下方向に3段の魚礁ブロック10が積層される。 Next, the underwater structure according to the present invention will be described. FIGS. 7A to 7F respectively show examples of the underwater structure 100 formed by connecting a plurality of fish reef blocks 10. In FIG. 7 (A), it is constructed so that appropriate portions on the side surfaces of a plurality (four in the illustrated example) of the reef blocks 10 are joined together and spread in the horizontal direction. In FIG. 7 (B), the second-stage fish reef block 10 is further laminated on the side surfaces of the plurality of fish reef blocks 10 joined together, and is constructed so as to spread in the vertical direction. In FIG. 7C, the central half-stage fish reef block 10 is stacked in a suitable combination of side surfaces of the plurality of fish reef blocks 10. In FIG. 7D, a second-stage fish reef block 10 is further laminated on a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) fish reef blocks 10 which are connected at appropriate positions on the side surfaces. In FIG. 7 (E), it is constructed so that appropriate portions on the side surfaces of a plurality (three in the illustrated example) of the fish reef blocks 10 are joined and spread in the horizontal direction. In FIG. 7 (F), three-stage fish reef blocks 10 are stacked in the vertical direction.
上記のように魚礁ブロック10が相互に結合することで水中構造物100が構築されるが、魚礁ブロック10同士を結合する結合手段を有している。図8に示すように各棒状フレーム材11の長手方向に沿って所定間隔おいて、複数のユニバーサルホール16を有する。ユニバーサルホール16は棒状フレーム材11の長手方向に対して直交する方向に十字状に形成され、ボルト等が挿通可能になっている。隣接配置した魚礁ブロック10のユニバーサルホール16間でそのボルトを挿通させて締結することで、魚礁ブロック10同士を剛固に結合することができる。その際、各魚礁ブロック10の締結具13の端部(即ちボルト13Aのボルトヘッド又はナット13B)が開口部15Aに埋設され、即ち外部へ突出しないため、締結具13の端部が結合相手の魚礁ブロック10と干渉することなく適正且つ的確に魚礁ブロック10同士を結合することができる。 The underwater structure 100 is constructed by the reef blocks 10 being coupled to each other as described above, but has a coupling means for coupling the reef blocks 10 to each other. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of universal holes 16 are provided at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of each rod-shaped frame member 11. The universal hole 16 is formed in a cross shape in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rod-shaped frame member 11, and a bolt or the like can be inserted therethrough. By inserting and fastening the bolts between the universal holes 16 of the adjacent reef blocks 10, the reef blocks 10 can be firmly coupled. At that time, the end of the fastener 13 of each fish reef block 10 (that is, the bolt head or nut 13B of the bolt 13A) is embedded in the opening 15A, that is, does not protrude to the outside. The reef blocks 10 can be coupled appropriately and accurately without interfering with the reef blocks 10.
上記のように構築される水中構造物100のいずれの場合も、各魚礁ブロック10の底面に平面部を持つため海底にて極めて安定的に沈設することができる。魚礁ブロック10自体、その角部において棒状フレーム材11の端部同士が接続具12を介して接合され、高い剛性強度を有する。かかる魚礁ブロック10同士を結合手段により結合してなる水中構造物100においても剛性強度が確保される。 In any case of the underwater structure 100 constructed as described above, since each fish reef block 10 has a flat surface on the bottom surface, it can be set up very stably on the sea floor. The end portions of the rod-shaped frame material 11 are joined to each other at the corners of the fish reef block 10 itself via the connector 12 and have high rigidity and strength. Rigid strength is ensured also in the underwater structure 100 formed by joining the fish reef blocks 10 to each other by a coupling means.
次に、本発明の魚礁ブロック及び水中構造物における作用効果等について説明する。
従来型の魚礁で一旦投入したものは、位置調整や移動が極めて困難であり、略不可能である。本発明の魚礁ブロック10におけるビリアン材の水中重量は5〜7kg/m3であるため、ダイバー1人で簡単に位置調整や移動ができる。流出防止のための錘としては、定置網等で一般的に利用される砂袋で十分である。
Next, functions and effects of the fish reef block and the underwater structure of the present invention will be described.
A conventional fish reef once thrown in is very difficult to adjust and move, and is almost impossible. Since the underwater weight of the virian material in the fish reef block 10 of the present invention is 5 to 7 kg / m 3 , position adjustment and movement can be easily performed by one diver. As a weight for preventing outflow, a sand bag generally used for a stationary net or the like is sufficient.
本発明の魚礁ブロック10の構造材に木材を利用することによって、従来型魚礁の短所の一つである「クレーン船等を使用し、海洋土木工事を要する」という欠点を回避することができる。本発明では木材が比較的軽量であることに加え、構成部材と接続金具等を規格化し加工しておくことで、コンパクトに輸送して港で組み立てることが可能である。そのため大型輸送車両やクレーン船等の必要がないので、漁協や個人漁業者等が所有する小型船舶での設置作業も可能である。この特徴はユーザーに対して組立て家具と同様な利便性をもたらし、従来型魚礁と競合する大規模な漁場造成事業ばかりでなく、小規模多品種魚礁という新たな市場の開拓をも期待できる。更に、現場施工性の乏しいコンクリートや鉄材に比して、各現場での固有の要求や一つ一つのユニットで必要に応じた加工が設置現場で簡単にできると言う点でユーザーフレンドリーな発明と言える。 By using wood for the structural material of the fish reef block 10 of the present invention, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage of using a crane ship or the like and requiring ocean engineering work, which is one of the disadvantages of conventional fish reefs. In the present invention, in addition to relatively light wood, it is possible to transport it compactly and assemble it at the port by standardizing and processing the component members and the connection fittings. Therefore, since there is no need for a large transport vehicle or a crane ship, installation work on a small ship owned by a fishery cooperative or an individual fisherman is also possible. This feature provides users with the same convenience as assembled furniture, and is expected not only to develop large-scale fishing grounds that compete with conventional fish reefs, but also to develop new markets for small-scale multi-variety fish reefs. Furthermore, compared to concrete and iron materials with poor on-site workability, it is a user-friendly invention in that the unique requirements at each site and the processing required by each unit can be easily performed at the installation site. I can say that.
この点に関して、具体的には下記(1)〜(5)等が考えられる。
(1)設置後年数が経過し集魚効果が落ちてきた魚礁に補充用として設置する。
(2)従来型魚礁は少し離して複数個所に分散設置されることが多いが、その中間を埋め る魚道効果をもたらす誘導魚礁として設置する。
(3)各都道府県にある海釣り公園等のレクリエーション施設で釣果を上げるためのスポ ット魚礁として設置する。
(4)ダイビングガイド業者やその業界団体によって新たなダイビングスポットの造成と して設置する。また、グラスボート等の観光施設用に設置する。
(5)水産学に関する調査研究のための水中実験プラットフォームとして設置する。
Regarding this point, specifically, the following (1) to (5) can be considered.
(1) Install as a supplement for fish reefs where the effect of collecting fish has declined after the installation.
(2) Conventional fish reefs are often distributed at several locations apart from each other, but they should be installed as guided fish reefs that provide a fishway effect filling the middle.
(3) Install as a spot fish reef for raising fishing at recreational facilities such as sea fishing parks in each prefecture.
(4) Installed as a new diving spot by diving guide vendors and industry groups. It is also installed for tourist facilities such as glass boats.
(5) Set up as an underwater experiment platform for research related to fisheries science.
また、木材の加工性の良さを利用して魚礁ブロック10の各辺に事前に汎用のユニバーサルホール16(十字孔)を複数開設しておくことによって従来型魚礁に無い多機能性をもたらすことができる。例えば、下記(1)〜(5)はその利用法である。
(1)複数の魚礁を接続して固定する。従来型のブロック魚礁を計画通りに積み上げるの は極めて困難であるが、ビリアン魚礁はボルトナットによる簡単な船上作業や水中 作業で数個の構造体を作ることが簡単にできる。
(2)海底からの段数に応じて、その層を好む生物に適したアタッチメントを簡単に設置 できる。例えばイセエビ等が生息する可能性のある漁場では最下段にイセエビが好 む奥が狭まった隙間を作る構造体を取り付け、中段では魚が好む餌生物が付着し易 い木材等の基質を取り付ける。
(3)潮流の強いところでは錘となる砂袋等を取り付ける。
(4)水深が浅く十分な光量があるところでは海藻が着生し易い基質となる部材を取り付 ける。
(5)水温、塩分及び流速等を測定する計測器やビデオカメラ等の記録器材を容易に取り 外しできる設置ベースを取り付ける。
In addition, by using a plurality of general-purpose universal holes 16 (cross holes) in advance on each side of the reef block 10 by utilizing the good workability of wood, the multi-functionality not found in conventional reefs can be brought about. it can. For example, the following (1) to (5) are usage methods.
(1) Connect and secure multiple fish reefs. It is extremely difficult to pile up conventional block fish reefs as planned, but Billian reefs can easily be made into several structures by simple onboard or underwater work using bolts and nuts.
(2) Depending on the number of steps from the seabed, attachments suitable for organisms that prefer that layer can be easily installed. For example, in a fishing ground where lobsters may live, attach a structure that creates a narrow gap at the bottom, which is preferred by lobsters, and attach a substrate such as timber to which prey organisms prefer to fish attach to the middle.
(3) Attach sandbags that serve as weights in areas with strong currents.
(4) If the water depth is shallow and there is a sufficient amount of light, install a member that is a substrate on which seaweeds are likely to grow.
(5) Install an installation base that can easily remove recording equipment such as measuring instruments and video cameras that measure water temperature, salinity and flow velocity.
更に、以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明では次に列挙する効果が得られる。
(1)天然の木材製であるため鉄骨やコンクリートブロックに比べて環境親和性が極めて高い。従って、環境負荷が低く、且つ高い集魚効果が得られる。
(2)木材でありながら高い強度と生物侵食耐性を持つことが実験で明らかになっており、他の木材製魚礁と比較して長期間魚礁効果が持続する。
(3)海水よりも密度が高いビリアン材等で構成されているので、万一壊れても水面を漂流して航行船舶や生簀等に損傷を与える障害物になる危険性がない。従って、安全な漁場造成が可能である。
(4)海底の砂礫や泥よりも大幅に密度が小さいため、洗掘によって埋没することがない。この点からも長期間の魚礁効果が期待できる。
(5)ビリアン材に生物毒性はないため表面に付着生物がつくが、コンクリート等のように強固に固着せず、簡単に剥離可能であることが実験で確認されている。従って、付着生物過多による内部空間の減少で魚礁効果が低下しても、簡単な水中作業で回復可能である。
(6)ブロックの外側に突起がない、即ち外方へ突出しない接続金具と構造であるため、釣り糸や刺し網等の根掛かりが少ない。従って、効率的な漁獲を行うことが可能である。
(7)複数ブロックで多層構造を構築する時、層ごとに異なる生物種を対象とするアタッチメントを容易に取り付けることができ、多様な生物種に対して総合的な魚礁効果を発揮できる。
Furthermore, as is clear from the above description, the present invention provides the following effects.
(1) Since it is made of natural wood, it has an extremely high environmental affinity compared to steel frames and concrete blocks. Therefore, the environmental impact is low and a high fish collection effect can be obtained.
(2) Although it is a timber, it has been clarified by experiments that it has high strength and resistance to bioerosion, and the reef effect lasts longer than other timber reefs.
(3) Because it is made of billiard materials with higher density than seawater, even if it breaks, there is no risk of drifting on the surface of the water and becoming an obstacle that damages sailing vessels and ginger. Therefore, it is possible to create a safe fishing ground.
(4) Because the density is much smaller than the gravel and mud on the seabed, it will not be buried by scouring. From this point, a long-term reef effect can be expected.
(5) Although the living organisms adhere to the surface because the virian material is not biotoxic, it has been confirmed by experiments that it does not adhere firmly like concrete and can be easily peeled off. Therefore, even if the reef effect is reduced due to a decrease in the internal space due to excessive attached organisms, it can be recovered by simple underwater work.
(6) Since there are no projections on the outside of the block, that is, a connection fitting and structure that does not protrude outward, there are few roots for fishing lines and stabbed nets. Therefore, efficient fishing can be performed.
(7) When building a multi-layer structure with multiple blocks, attachments targeting different species can be easily attached to each layer, and a comprehensive fish reef effect can be exerted on various species.
以上、本発明を種々の実施形態と共に説明したが、本発明はこれらの実施形態にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内で変更等が可能である。
図7(A)〜(F)において水中構造物100の例を示したが、これらの例に限らず、複数の魚礁ブロック10を結合して種々の形態の水中構造物100を構築することができる。
As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated with various embodiment, this invention is not limited only to these embodiment, A change etc. are possible within the scope of the present invention.
Although the example of the underwater structure 100 is shown in FIGS. 7A to 7F, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various forms of the underwater structure 100 can be constructed by combining a plurality of fish reef blocks 10. it can.
10 魚礁ブロック、11 棒状フレーム材、12 接続具、13 締結具、14 挿通孔、15 挿通孔、100 水中構造物。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fish reef block, 11 Rod-shaped frame material, 12 Connector, 13 Fastener, 14 Insertion hole, 15 Insertion hole, 100 Underwater structure.
Claims (3)
複数の棒状フレーム材が接続具を介して相互に接合されてなる、少なくとも底面に平面部を持つ多面体中空構造を有し、
前記棒状フレーム材は、その密度が海水よりも大きく、海底砂礫よりも小さいビリアン材により形成されたことを特徴とする魚礁ブロック。 A reef block for a subsidized artificial reef,
A plurality of rod-shaped frame members are joined to each other via a connector, and has a polyhedral hollow structure having a flat portion at least on the bottom surface,
The rod-shaped frame material, reefs block, characterized in that its density is greater than sea water, formed by a small Birian material than seabed gravel.
各前記棒状フレーム材の長手方向に沿って複数のユニバーサルホールを有し、隣接配置した前記魚礁ブロックが、それぞれの前記ユニバーサルホールに結合手段を挿通させて相互に結合されてなることを特徴とする水中構造物。 An underwater structure formed by combining a plurality of fish reef blocks according to claim 1 or 2,
A plurality of universal holes are provided along the longitudinal direction of each of the rod-shaped frame members, and the adjacent fish reef blocks are coupled to each other by inserting coupling means through the universal holes. Underwater structure.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014086701A JP5999660B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Fish reef block and underwater structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014086701A JP5999660B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Fish reef block and underwater structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2015204773A JP2015204773A (en) | 2015-11-19 |
JP5999660B2 true JP5999660B2 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=54602216
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014086701A Active JP5999660B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2014-04-18 | Fish reef block and underwater structure |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5999660B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114403080A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-04-29 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Marine three-dimensional culture unit for turbot |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6310683Y2 (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1988-03-30 | ||
JP3804278B2 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2006-08-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | How to create or improve seaweed beds |
JP4649031B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2011-03-09 | 英治 美山 | Artificial fish reef and anti-skid device used for it |
JP2002125511A (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-08 | Sakuragi Shokai:Kk | Artificial fishing bank |
JP2003099029A (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-04-04 | Yamaha Corp | Dumper head of keyboard musical instrument |
JP2003169562A (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-17 | Rozai Kogyo Kaisha Ltd | Artificial fish bank and method for producing the same |
JP2004081056A (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2004-03-18 | Kaihin Kouen Shinko Kk | Fish-breeding reef |
JP3914523B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2007-05-16 | 洋林建設株式会社 | Artificial reef |
JP2005013016A (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2005-01-20 | Toyo Syst Plant:Kk | Seaweed-bed culture material |
JP3989904B2 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2007-10-10 | 夏雄 岡部 | Freshwater fish reef and installation method |
JP2006289325A (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-26 | Hosoda Mokuzai Kogyo Kk | Extraction method of sap from anti-rotten timber of ipe, jatoba, or the like, and application method of coating agent using extracted sap to anti-rotten timber |
JP2011183667A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-22 | Mywood 2 Kk | Laminated plastically processed wood |
JP4794683B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | 秀憲 岡 | Wooden reef |
JP5337851B2 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-11-06 | 秀憲 岡 | Wooden pillar reef |
-
2014
- 2014-04-18 JP JP2014086701A patent/JP5999660B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2015204773A (en) | 2015-11-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6709937B2 (en) | Submarine-mounted net cage for abalone cultivation | |
US20080112759A1 (en) | Artificial reef anchor structure | |
Ferrari et al. | Biogenic modifications of marine sediments and their influence on archaeological material | |
Palma et al. | Shipwrecks and Global'worming' | |
Ramos-EsplÁ et al. | Artificial anti-trawling reefs off Alicante, South-Eastern Iberian Peninsula: Evolution of reef block and set designs | |
JP5999660B2 (en) | Fish reef block and underwater structure | |
US20130022405A1 (en) | Amphibian island | |
BarnabÉ et al. | Artificial reefs in France: analysis, assessments and prospects | |
US20120000411A1 (en) | Anchor device for coral rock | |
US10602725B1 (en) | Modular habitat apparatuses for aquatic life | |
Adams | Sea Venture: A second interim report‐part 1 | |
JP2013141444A (en) | Gulf fishing bank | |
JP2011024541A (en) | Small-sized porous substrate, stand for setting the same, structure having built-in small-sized porous substrate, and method for creating seaweed bed | |
JP2000344182A (en) | Aquatic facilities utilizing synthetic resin material | |
Ayob et al. | Development of artificial reefs in Southeast Asia: Malaysia in focus | |
KR200389601Y1 (en) | Artificial seaweeds | |
Petriaggi | Management strategies for conservation restoration and fruition of underwater archaeological parks | |
JP3577639B2 (en) | Artificial reef | |
KR101799736B1 (en) | Artificial fish banks for prevent illegal trawlnet fishing | |
JPH0965795A (en) | Structure for developing submarine forest | |
Winton | Understanding the interactive nature of'in-situ'processes for management of submerged cultural heritage material | |
Randell | Marine growth on shipwrecks | |
Oxley et al. | Material type affects the community composition and abundance of hard-substrate assemblages in a sedimentary Atlantic estuary | |
KR20160093324A (en) | For coastal fishermen pasture composition and increase income artificial reefs of the strips | |
Robinson | Marine invasions in South Africa: patterns and trends |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20151225 |
|
A871 | Explanation of circumstances concerning accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A871 Effective date: 20151225 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20151225 |
|
A975 | Report on accelerated examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971005 Effective date: 20160128 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160407 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160412 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160502 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20160726 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20160823 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5999660 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |