JP5992236B2 - Resin sliding material for machine tools - Google Patents
Resin sliding material for machine tools Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、油潤滑下にて往復運動する工作機械のベッド部等の摺動面に使用される工作機械用樹脂摺動材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a resin sliding material for a machine tool used for a sliding surface such as a bed portion of a machine tool that reciprocates under oil lubrication.
前記工作機械としては平面研削盤、円筒研削盤などがあるが、これら工作機械の前記ベッド部等の摺動面でスティックスリップが発生すると、製品の加工精度が低下する。そのため、摺動面には、安定した低摩擦性、かじり（機械の摺動部に引っかき傷がつくこと）や焼きつきの防止等を目的としてポリテトラフルオロエチレン（以下ＰＴＦＥとする）樹脂を主成分とするシート状の樹脂摺動材が接着されている。この樹脂摺動材は、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性（圧縮により樹脂が縮んで元に戻らなくなることに対する耐性）および前記ベッド部等に接着する際の作業や加工が容易であるように、柔軟性に優れている必要がある。 Examples of the machine tool include a surface grinder and a cylindrical grinder. When stick slip occurs on the sliding surface of the machine tool such as the bed portion, the processing accuracy of the product is lowered. Therefore, the sliding surface is mainly composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE) resin for the purpose of preventing stable low friction, galling (scratching on the sliding part of the machine) and seizure. The sheet-like resin sliding material is adhered. This resin sliding material is flexible so that it is easy to work and process when it is bonded to the bed, etc. It needs to be excellent.
さて、このＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材については、特許文献１に記載がある。この特許文献１に開示されている樹脂摺動材は、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とし、銅錫合金粉末（球状および不規則状の両方の粉末を含んでいる）およびＰＴＦＥ樹脂組成物の成形体を粉砕した粉末を配合させたものである。この樹脂摺動材は、低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性、柔軟性に優れている。 Now, a resin sliding material mainly composed of this PTFE resin is described in Patent Document 1. The resin sliding material disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a PTFE resin as a main component, a copper tin alloy powder (including both spherical and irregular powders), and a molded body of a PTFE resin composition. It is a mixture of pulverized powder. This resin sliding material is excellent in low friction, wear resistance, creep resistance and flexibility.
しかし、上記の樹脂摺動材であると、これが摺接する工作機械のベッド部等の相手材が金属製である場合、梅雨などの高温多湿環境下において、錆により変色するという問題がある。具体的には、工作機械のベッド部がミーハナイト鋳鉄であれば黒色に変色する問題がある。また、錆が発生した摺動部は安定した低摩擦性が得られなくなるという問題がある。さらに、工作機械のベッド部に錆が生じれば、加工精度が低下するという問題が生じる。 However, in the case of the above-described resin sliding material, when the mating material such as a bed portion of a machine tool that is in sliding contact with the metal is made of metal, there is a problem of discoloration due to rust in a high temperature and high humidity environment such as rainy season. Specifically, there is a problem of discoloration to black if the bed portion of the machine tool is Mehanite cast iron. Further, there is a problem that the sliding portion where rust is generated cannot obtain a stable low friction property. Furthermore, if rust occurs on the bed portion of the machine tool, there arises a problem that processing accuracy is lowered.
本発明は、上記の事情を鑑み、油潤滑下で低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性に優れ、かつ、高温多湿環境下においても、摺接する金属相手材を錆により変色させない工作機械用樹脂摺動材を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above circumstances, the present invention is for machine tools that are excellent in low friction, wear resistance, and creep resistance under oil lubrication and that do not discolor a metal counterpart material that comes in sliding contact with rust even in a high temperature and high humidity environment. An object is to provide a resin sliding material.
さて、上記の課題を解決するべく、本出願人が特許文献１に記載の従来技術において、工作機械の金属ベッド部が、錆により変色する現象について調査した。これにより、金属ベッド部が錆により変色する原因が、潤滑油の吸湿と、金属ベッド部と摺接する樹脂摺動材中の銅錫合金にあることが判明した。 Now, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present applicant investigated the phenomenon that the metal bed portion of the machine tool discolors due to rust in the prior art described in Patent Document 1. As a result, it has been found that the cause of discoloration of the metal bed portion due to rust is the moisture absorption of the lubricating oil and the copper tin alloy in the resin sliding material in sliding contact with the metal bed portion.
これは、樹脂摺動材（ＰＴＦＥ樹脂＋銅錫合金）とこれが摺接する金属相手材である金属ベッド部（鉄素材）との接触面には、潤滑油が介在しており、この潤滑油の中には吸湿性の高いものがあることが判明したことによる。これは、梅雨等の高温多湿環境下で吸湿した潤滑油が、樹脂摺動材と金属ベッド部との接触面に水分を供給する役割を担うことを意味する。 This is because lubricating oil is present on the contact surface between the resin sliding material (PTFE resin + copper tin alloy) and the metal bed portion (iron material) which is a metal counterpart to which it slides. This is due to the fact that some of them are highly hygroscopic. This means that the lubricating oil that has absorbed moisture in a hot and humid environment such as the rainy season plays a role of supplying moisture to the contact surface between the resin sliding material and the metal bed portion.
このように、種々の異なる金属を接触させ、この接触面に電解質溶液（水など）が介在
すると、接触金属のうち、標準単極電位が低い金属、即ちイオン化傾向が大きい金属から電解質溶液中に電子が放出されて接触金属間で酸化還元反応が起こる。この作用により、接触金属のうち、標準単極電位が低い方（電子を電解質溶液へ放出する方）が酸化されて腐食する。
In this way, various different metals are brought into contact with each other, and an electrolyte solution (such as water) intervenes on this contact surface.
Then, among the contact metals, electrons are released into the electrolyte solution from a metal having a low standard monopolar potential, that is, a metal having a high ionization tendency, and a redox reaction occurs between the contact metals. By this action, the contact metal having a lower standard monopolar potential (the one that discharges electrons to the electrolyte solution) is oxidized and corroded.
つまり、特許文献１に記載の、標準単極電位が金属ベッド部の素材である鉄よりも高い金属のみを配合した樹脂摺動材（ＰＴＦＥ樹脂＋銅錫合金）を用いた工作機械では、上記の現象により、金属ベッド部の方が酸化されて腐食（錆が発生）するため、変色するのである。 That is, in a machine tool using a resin sliding material (PTFE resin + copper tin alloy) containing only a metal whose standard monopolar potential is higher than iron, which is a material of the metal bed portion, described in Patent Document 1, Due to this phenomenon, the metal bed portion is oxidized and corroded (rust is generated), so the color changes.
そこで、上記のような摺接する金属相手材の酸化による腐食を防止する樹脂摺動材、即ち摺接する金属相手材が錆により変色するのを防止するという前記の課題を解決するため、本発明の樹脂摺動材は、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂に金属の粉末を配合し、前記金属相手材の素材金属を鉄とし、前記金属の粉末は、銅と、金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低く、かつ、アルミニウムを除く金属との銅合金粉末であり、表面に酸化物の不動態膜を形成可能としたことを特徴とする。 Accordingly, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem of preventing the resin sliding material that prevents corrosion due to oxidation of the metal partner material in sliding contact as described above, that is, preventing the metal partner material in sliding contact from being discolored due to rust, The resin sliding material includes polytetrafluoroethylene resin mixed with metal powder, the metal material of the metal counterpart is iron, and the metal powder is a standard single electrode than copper and the metal metal of the metal counterpart. potential rather low, and copper alloy powders der with a metal other than aluminum it is, characterized in that the can form a passive film of oxide on the surface.
上記の樹脂摺動材では、金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低い金属の粉末を、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材に配合させる。これにより、梅雨時期などに、潤滑油が水分（電解質溶液）を含んで、金属相手材と樹脂摺動材との間で前記した酸化還元反応が生じても、樹脂摺動材の金属の粉末が電子を水分中に放出して酸化される。これにより、金属相手材は酸化されず、腐食が防止される。 In the resin sliding material, a metal powder having a standard unipolar potential lower than that of the metal material of the metal counterpart is mixed with the resin sliding material mainly composed of PTFE resin. Thus, even when the lubricating oil contains water (electrolyte solution) during the rainy season and the like, the metal powder of the resin sliding material, even if the oxidation-reduction reaction described above occurs between the metal counterpart and the resin sliding material. Emits electrons into moisture and is oxidized. Thereby, the metal counterpart is not oxidized and corrosion is prevented.
また、前記金属の粉末は金属相手材の荷重を受けるため、樹脂摺動材の変形を抑える役割を果たし、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性を向上させる。また、樹脂摺動材をシート等に加工した際に、金属の粉末が脱落して樹脂摺動材中に空孔ができ、この空孔に潤滑油が入り込んで樹脂摺動材の潤滑を保持する。 Further, since the metal powder receives the load of the metal counterpart material, it plays a role of suppressing deformation of the resin sliding material and improves wear resistance and creep resistance. In addition, when the resin sliding material is processed into a sheet or the like, the metal powder drops off, creating a hole in the resin sliding material, and lubricating oil enters the hole to keep the resin sliding material lubricated. To do.
上記の本発明の樹脂摺動材では、前記金属の粉末を５〜４０体積％とし、より好ましくは、１０〜３０体積％とする。 In the resin sliding material of the present invention, the metal powder is 5 to 40% by volume, more preferably 10 to 30% by volume.
この理由は、金属の粉末が５体積％未満であると、樹脂摺動材の耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性が低下し、また、４０体積％を超えると、機械的強度、樹脂摺動材の延びのばらつきが大きくなり、ビレット等の成形体にクラックが入るなどして成形性が阻害されるためである。 The reason for this is that if the metal powder is less than 5% by volume, the wear resistance and creep resistance of the resin sliding material are lowered, and if it exceeds 40% by volume, the mechanical strength and the resin sliding material are reduced. This is because the variation in elongation becomes large and the moldability is hindered by cracks in the molded body such as billets.
また、上記の本発明の樹脂摺動材に、前記金属の粉末に加えて、再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を配合することができる。 In addition to the metal powder, recycled PTFE resin powder can be blended with the resin sliding material of the present invention.
この樹脂摺動材では、樹脂摺動材中に再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を配合する。これにより、再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を含まない樹脂摺動材と比較すると、より優れた低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、柔軟性を備えたものとなる。 In this resin sliding material, recycled PTFE resin powder is blended in the resin sliding material. Thereby, compared with the resin sliding material which does not contain the reproduction | regeneration PTFE resin powder, it will be equipped with the more excellent low friction property, abrasion resistance, and a softness | flexibility.
上記の再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を配合した本発明の樹脂摺動材では、再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末の配合割合は５〜３５体積％とし、より好ましくは１０〜３０体積％とする。 In the resin sliding material of the present invention in which the above recycled PTFE resin powder is blended, the blended ratio of the recycled PTFE resin powder is 5 to 35% by volume, more preferably 10 to 30% by volume.
これは、再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末が５体積％未満であると、樹脂摺動材の低摩擦性、柔軟性が低下し、また、３５体積％を超えると、樹脂摺動材の密度の低下により機械的強度、伸びのばらつきが大きくなり、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性が低下するためである。 This is because when the recycled PTFE resin powder is less than 5% by volume, the low friction property and flexibility of the resin sliding material are reduced, and when it exceeds 35% by volume, the density of the resin sliding material is reduced. This is because the variation in the mechanical strength and elongation is increased, and the wear resistance and creep resistance are lowered.
本発明の樹脂摺動材は、これが摺接する金属相手材の素材金属を鉄とし、この樹脂摺動材に配合する金属の粉末を亜鉛とするのが好ましい。 In the resin sliding material of the present invention, it is preferable that the material metal of the metal counterpart material in sliding contact with iron is iron and the metal powder blended in the resin sliding material is zinc.
この樹脂摺動材では、鉄素材の金属相手材と樹脂摺動材との接触面に介在する潤滑油が水分などを含んでも、樹脂摺動材に配合する亜鉛が潤滑油中の水分に電子を放出して酸化されるため、鉄素材の金属相手材は酸化されず、腐食が防止される。この結果、鉄素材の金属相手材が錆により変色するのを防止することができる。 In this resin sliding material, even if the lubricating oil present in the contact surface between the metal counterpart of the iron material and the resin sliding material contains moisture, etc., the zinc compounded in the resin sliding material is electronically converted into the moisture in the lubricating oil. Is released and oxidized, so the metal counterpart of the iron material is not oxidized and corrosion is prevented. As a result, it is possible to prevent the metal counterpart of the iron material from being discolored by rust.
本発明の樹脂摺動材に配合する金属の粉末には、単体金属の粉末だけでなく、合金粉末も使用することが可能である。この場合は、合金粉末に少なくとも金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低い金属を配合させる必要がある。 As the metal powder blended in the resin sliding material of the present invention, not only a single metal powder but also an alloy powder can be used. In this case, it is necessary to mix the alloy powder with a metal having a standard unipolar potential lower than that of the material metal of the metal counterpart.
前記合金粉末には、金属相手材の金属よりも標準単極電位が低い金属と高い金属の両方を混合させたものを使用することができる。 As the alloy powder, a mixture of a metal having a lower standard unipolar potential and a higher metal than the metal counterpart metal can be used.
また、この樹脂摺動材では、金属相手材の素材金属を鉄とし、樹脂摺動材に配合する金属の粉末を亜鉛を含む亜鉛合金粉末とすると好ましい。 In this resin sliding material, it is preferable that the metal material of the metal counterpart is iron and the metal powder blended in the resin sliding material is zinc alloy powder containing zinc.
この樹脂摺動材では、鉄素材の金属相手材と樹脂摺動材との接触面に介在する潤滑油が水分などを含んでも、亜鉛合金粉末中の亜鉛が潤滑油中の水分に電子を放出して酸化するため、鉄素材の金属相手材は酸化されず、腐食が防止される。この結果、鉄素材の金属相手材が錆により変色するのを防止することができる。 In this resin sliding material, even if the lubricating oil interposed in the contact surface between the iron metal counterpart and the resin sliding material contains moisture, the zinc in the zinc alloy powder emits electrons into the moisture in the lubricating oil. Thus, the metal counterpart of the iron material is not oxidized and corrosion is prevented. As a result, it is possible to prevent the metal counterpart of the iron material from being discolored by rust.
さらに、本発明の樹脂摺動材では、金属の粉末に前記の亜鉛合金粉末を使用する場合、銅が配合された亜鉛合金粉末であることが好ましい。 Furthermore, in the resin sliding material of this invention, when using the said zinc alloy powder for a metal powder, it is preferable that it is a zinc alloy powder with which copper was mix | blended.
この樹脂摺動材では、合金粉末に配合される銅は延性に富むため、かじり（引っかき傷がつくこと）や焼き付けが起こりにくい特性を持つ。また、合金粉末中の亜鉛は相手部材の素材である鉄よりも標準単極電位が低い。このため、水分存在下で酸化されて表面に酸化物の不動態膜を形成する。この不働態膜は合金粉末中の銅を保護して酸化を防止し、これに伴う変色を防止する。従って、この樹脂摺動材は、相手部材の錆による変色を防ぎ、かつ、自身の酸化による変色も起こりにくい特性をもつ。 In this resin sliding material, copper blended in the alloy powder has a high ductility, and therefore has a characteristic that galling (scratching) and baking are unlikely to occur. In addition, zinc in the alloy powder has a lower standard monopolar potential than iron, which is the material of the counterpart member. For this reason, it is oxidized in the presence of moisture to form an oxide passivation film on the surface. This passive film protects the copper in the alloy powder to prevent oxidation and to prevent discoloration associated therewith. Therefore, this resin sliding material has characteristics that prevent discoloration due to rust of the mating member and hardly cause discoloration due to its own oxidation.
本発明の樹脂摺動材では、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とし、この樹脂摺動材と摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも低い標準単極電位を有する金属の粉末を配合するため、低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性に優れている。また、高温多湿環境下において、摺接する金属相手材の酸化による腐食を防止して、変色するのを防止することができる。 In the resin sliding material of the present invention, since a PTFE resin is a main component and a metal powder having a standard unipolar potential lower than that of the metal counterpart material in sliding contact with the resin sliding material is blended, a low friction property is obtained. Excellent in wear resistance and creep resistance. Further, in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, corrosion due to oxidation of the metal partner material in sliding contact can be prevented and discoloration can be prevented.
さらに、本発明を工作機械用摺動材に適用すると、梅雨時などに潤滑油が給水した状態となっても、摺接する工作機械のベッド部等が酸化により腐食して、錆により変色するのが防止される。この結果、工作機械における製品の加工精度を高度に維持させることが可能となる。 Furthermore, when the present invention is applied to a sliding material for machine tools, even if the lubricating oil is supplied in the rainy season, the bed portion of the machine tool that comes into sliding contact is corroded by oxidation and discolored by rust. Is prevented. As a result, it is possible to maintain a high processing accuracy of the product in the machine tool.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
まず、本発明の樹脂摺動材の使用例について述べる。図１に、本発明のＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材を使用した工作機械の作業台の一例（断面図）を示す。この作業台は樹脂摺動材１、テーブル２、ベッド部３で主要部が構成され、ベッド部３上をテーブ
ル２がスライドする。このテーブル２のベッド部３と接触する接触面４には、図中散点模様で示すＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とするシート状の樹脂摺動材１が接着される。
First, the usage example of the resin sliding material of this invention is described. FIG. 1 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a work table of a machine tool using a resin sliding material mainly composed of the PTFE resin of the present invention. This work table is mainly composed of a resin sliding material 1, a table 2, and a bed part 3, and the table is formed on the bed part 3.
2 slides. A sheet-shaped resin sliding material 1 mainly composed of PTFE resin indicated by a dotted pattern in the figure is bonded to the
さて、本発明の第１の実施形態は、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材に、この樹脂摺動材が摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも低い標準単極電位、即ちイオン化傾向が金属相手材の素材金属よりも大きい金属の粉末を配合する。 In the first embodiment of the present invention, the standard unipolar potential, that is, the ionization tendency, is lower than that of the material metal of the metal counterpart material in which the resin sliding material is in sliding contact with the resin sliding material mainly composed of PTFE resin. The metal powder is larger than the metal material of the metal counterpart.
前記樹脂摺動材の、主成分であるＰＴＦＥ樹脂や金属の粉末等の原材料の配合手段は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ヘンシェルミキサー、ボールミキサー、レディゲミキサー等の混合機を用いて乾式混合することにより行うことができる。 The blending means of raw materials such as PTFE resin, which is the main component of the resin sliding material, and metal powder is not particularly limited. For example, a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a ball mixer, or a Redige mixer is used. And dry mixing.
また、前記樹脂摺動材に配合する金属の粉末は、単体の金属、あるいは合金粉末を使用することができる。 The metal powder blended in the resin sliding material can be a single metal or alloy powder.
単体金属を使用する場合、標準単極電位が摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも高い金属を併用しても良い。この場合、標準単極電位が摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも低い金属を高い金属よりも多く配合する必要がある。また、合金粉末を使用する場合、標準単極電位が摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも低い金属と高い金属を混合したものを使用することができる。この場合、標準単極電位が摺接する金属相手材の素材金属よりも低い金属の配合率は、不純物程度でないことが必要であり、合金粉末の１体積％以上とする。 When a single metal is used, a metal higher than the material metal of the metal counterpart with which the standard single electrode potential is in sliding contact may be used in combination. In this case, it is necessary to mix more metal that is lower than the material metal of the metal counterpart with which the standard monopolar potential is in sliding contact with the metal. Moreover, when using alloy powder, what mixed the metal lower and the metal higher than the raw material metal of the metal partner material which a slidable contact of a standard single pole potential can be used. In this case, it is necessary that the mixing ratio of the metal, which is lower than the material metal of the metal counterpart material with which the standard single electrode potential is in slidable contact, is not about an impurity, and is 1 vol% or more of the alloy powder.
金属の粉末の粒径は２５０μｍ以下（６０メッシュパス）であり、好ましくは、１５０μｍ以下（１００メッシュパス）とされる。これは、金属の粉末の粒径が２５０μｍを超えると、均一分散が困難となり、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性などの特性の向上が望めなくなるためである。 The particle size of the metal powder is 250 μm or less (60 mesh pass), and preferably 150 μm or less (100 mesh pass). This is because when the particle size of the metal powder exceeds 250 μm, uniform dispersion becomes difficult, and improvement in characteristics such as wear resistance and creep resistance cannot be expected.
金属の粉末は、樹脂摺動材が摺接する金属相手材の素材が鉄であれば、この鉄よりも標準単極電位が小さい金属、即ちイオン化傾向が大きい以下の金属を配合する必要がある。 If the material of the metal counterpart material with which the resin sliding material is in sliding contact is iron, the metal powder needs to be blended with a metal having a standard unipolar potential smaller than that of iron, that is, a metal having a high ionization tendency.
リチウム（Ｌｉ）、カリウム（Ｋ）、カルシウム（Ｃａ）、ナトリウム（Ｎａ）、マグネシウム（Ｍｇ）、マンガン（Ｍｎ）、亜鉛（Ｚｎ）、クロム（Ｃｒ） Lithium (Li), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg) , manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr)
具体的には、亜鉛粉末、マグネシウム粉末、マンガン粉末、クロム粉末、銅−鉄−マンガン合金粉末、銅−亜鉛合金粉末、銅−亜鉛−ニッケル合金粉末、銅−マンガン合金粉末、ステンレス鋼粉末などである。 Specifically, zinc powder , magnesium powder, manganese powder, chromium powder, copper-iron-manganese alloy powder, copper-zinc alloy powder, copper-zinc-nickel alloy powder, copper-manganese alloy powder, stainless steel powder, etc. is there.
上記の金属の粉末の内、特に銅と亜鉛を含む合金の粉末（銅−亜鉛合金粉末、銅−亜鉛−ニッケル合金粉末）は、以下の理由から好ましい。 Among the above metal powders, an alloy powder containing copper and zinc (copper-zinc alloy powder, copper-zinc-nickel alloy powder) is particularly preferable for the following reasons.
上記合金粉末に混合される銅は延性に富むため、かじりや焼き付けが起こりにくい特性を持つ。また、合金粉末中の亜鉛は金属相手材の素材である鉄よりも標準単極電位が低く、水分存在下で酸化されて表面に酸化物の不働態膜を形成する。この不働態膜は合金粉末中の銅を保護して酸化を防止し、銅の変色、即ち樹脂摺動材の変色を防止することができる。 Copper mixed with the alloy powder is rich in ductility, and therefore has a characteristic that it is difficult to cause galling and baking. In addition, zinc in the alloy powder has a lower standard monopolar potential than iron, which is the material of the metal counterpart, and is oxidized in the presence of moisture to form a passive film of oxide on the surface. This passive film can protect copper in the alloy powder to prevent oxidation and prevent discoloration of the copper, that is, discoloration of the resin sliding material.
さて、本実施形態の樹脂摺動材の主成分であるＰＴＦＥ樹脂は、ＰＴＦＥの単独重合体からなるフッ素樹脂であって、３１０〜３９０℃で軟化する。このため、本実施形態の樹脂摺動材は通常の射出成形では成形することができず、圧縮成形および押出し成形により
成形する。
Now, the PTFE resin that is the main component of the resin sliding material of the present embodiment is a fluororesin made of a PTFE homopolymer and softens at 310 to 390 ° C. For this reason, the resin sliding material of the present embodiment cannot be molded by ordinary injection molding, but by compression molding and extrusion molding.
Mold.
具体的には、例えば、フリーベーキング法、加熱加圧しながら回分式（一定量の原材料を機械に投入し、連続的に製造すること）に圧縮成形するホットモールディング法、ラム押出し成形法等がある。 Specifically, for example, there are a free baking method, a hot molding method in which compression molding is performed batchwise (a constant amount of raw material is put into a machine and continuously manufactured) while heating and pressing, a ram extrusion molding method, and the like. .
上記成形法における成形時の雰囲気は、空気、窒素、または、アルゴンやヘリウムなどの不活性ガス中のいずれであってもよい。 The atmosphere during molding in the above molding method may be any of air, nitrogen, or an inert gas such as argon or helium.
例えば、樹脂摺動材の成形時に、フリーベーキング法を採用した場合を説明する。この成形方法は、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂および各配合物を均一に混合した混合粉末を金型に入れて４０〜１００ＭＰａの圧力を加えて予備成形した後、金型から取り出した圧縮成形体を３６０〜３８０℃で焼成して、成形体を得る。 For example, the case where the free baking method is adopted at the time of molding the resin sliding material will be described. In this molding method, a mixed powder in which PTFE resin and each compound are uniformly mixed is put in a mold, preliminarily molded by applying a pressure of 40 to 100 MPa, and a compression molded body taken out from the mold is 360 to 380 ° C. Is fired to obtain a molded body.
本発明の第２の実施形態は、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とし、金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低い金属の粉末を配合した本発明の樹脂摺動材に、再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を配合する。上記の原材料の配合方法については、第１の実施形態と同様であるため、その詳細な説明を省略する。 In the second embodiment of the present invention, a recycled PTFE resin powder is added to the resin sliding material of the present invention in which a PTFE resin is a main component and a metal powder having a standard unipolar potential lower than that of the material metal of the metal counterpart is blended. Is blended. About the blending method of said raw material, since it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
この実施形態で使用する再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末は、熱処理粉末、γ線または電子線などを照射したＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末である。 The recycled PTFE resin powder used in this embodiment is a heat-treated powder, a PTFE resin powder irradiated with γ rays, electron beams, or the like.
この再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末としては、例えば、モールディングパウダーまたはファインパウダーを熱処理した粉末、また、この粉末をさらにγ線または電子線を照射した粉末、モールディングパウダーまたはファインパウダーの成形体を粉砕した粉末、また、その後γ線または電子線を照射した粉末、モールディングパウダーまたはファインパウダーをγ線または電子線を照射した粉末などのタイプである。 Examples of the recycled PTFE resin powder include a powder obtained by heat-treating molding powder or fine powder, a powder obtained by further irradiating this powder with γ-rays or an electron beam, a powder obtained by pulverizing a molding powder or a molded product of fine powder, The powder is then irradiated with γ rays or electron beams, the molding powder or fine powder is irradiated with γ rays or electron beams, and the like.
市販の再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末としては、旭硝子社製：フルオンＬ１５０Ｊ、Ｌ１６９Ｊ、Ｌ１７０Ｊ、Ｌ１７２Ｊ、Ｌ１７３Ｊ、ダイキン工業社製：ルブロンＬ−５、ヘキスト社製：ホスタフロンＴＦ９２０５、ＴＦ９２０７、喜多村社製：ＫＴＬ−６１０、ＫＴＬ−４５０、ＫＴＬ−３５０、ＫＴＬ−８Ｎ、ＫＴＬ−４００Ｈなどが挙げられる。 As commercially available recycled PTFE resin powder, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd .: Fullon L150J, L169J, L170J, L172J, L173J, Daikin Industries, Ltd .: Lubron L-5, Hoechst Co., Ltd .: Hostaflon TF9205, TF9207, Kitamura Co., Ltd .: KTL-610 , KTL-450, KTL-350, KTL-8N, KTL-400H, and the like.
再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末の粒径は、２５０μｍ以下、好ましくは１００μｍ以下である。これは、２５０μｍを超える大きさでは、均一分散が困難であるためである。再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末が均一に分散されなければ、空孔ができて成形体の密度が低下し、機械的強度、伸びのばらつきが大きくなり、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性なども低下する。 The particle diameter of the regenerated PTFE resin powder is 250 μm or less, preferably 100 μm or less. This is because uniform dispersion is difficult when the size exceeds 250 μm. If the regenerated PTFE resin powder is not uniformly dispersed, pores are formed, the density of the molded body is lowered, the variation in mechanical strength and elongation is increased, and the wear resistance and creep resistance are also lowered.
なお、本実施形態の樹脂摺動材の成形方法については、第１の実施形態と同様であるため、その詳細な説明を省略する。 In addition, about the molding method of the resin sliding material of this embodiment, since it is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
前記の第１および第２の実施形態の樹脂摺動材では、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で酸化チタン、カーボン、酸化鉄、酸化クロム、コバルトブルーなどの顔料を添加することが可能である。 In the resin sliding material of the first and second embodiments, it is possible to add pigments such as titanium oxide, carbon, iron oxide, chromium oxide, and cobalt blue as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. .
また、前記の第１および第２の実施形態の樹脂摺動材では、図１に示すように、工作機械等に使用するためにシート状に加工する場合、前記の樹脂摺動材の成形時に直接シート状に成形する方法がある。しかし、これとは逆に、得られた樹脂摺動材の成形体を切削加工することが好ましい。 Moreover, in the resin sliding material of the said 1st and 2nd embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, when processing into a sheet form for using for a machine tool etc., at the time of shaping | molding of the said resin sliding material There is a method of directly forming a sheet. However, on the contrary, it is preferable to cut the molded body of the obtained resin sliding material.
本発明の樹脂摺動材は、油潤滑下で使用される工作機械の摺動面に好適に使用することができる。工作機械としては、旋盤、研削盤、フライス盤、中ぐり盤、ＮＣ旋盤、ＮＣ研削盤、ＮＣ中ぐり盤、ＮＣフライス盤、マシニングセンタ、専用工作機械（特定の製品を加工対象とする工作機械）、ボール盤、平削り盤、形削り盤、立ち削り盤、ブローチ盤、表面仕上げ盤、歯車研削盤、歯車仕上げ盤等を挙げることができる。これらの中でもベッド部等の摺動面を有する旋盤、研削盤、フライス盤、中ぐり盤、ＮＣ旋盤、ＮＣ研削盤、ＮＣ中ぐり盤、ＮＣフライス盤、マシニングセンタ、専用工作機械に使用することが好ましい。 The resin sliding material of this invention can be used conveniently for the sliding surface of the machine tool used under oil lubrication. Machine tools include lathes, grinders, milling machines, boring machines, NC lathes, NC grinders, NC boring machines, NC milling machines, machining centers, special machine tools (machine tools for processing specific products), drilling machines A planer, a shaper, a standing machine, a broaching machine, a surface finishing machine, a gear grinding machine, a gear finishing machine, and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use for lathes having a sliding surface such as a bed, grinding machines, milling machines, boring machines, NC lathes, NC grinding machines, NC boring machines, NC milling machines, machining centers, and dedicated machine tools.
以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明を行ったが、これらに限らず、特許請求の範囲に記載の意味および内容の全ての事項を含む。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, it is not restricted to these, All matters of the meaning and content as described in a claim are included.
以下に実施例および比較例に用いる原材料を一括して示す。なお、原材料に括弧書きした番号は表中の原材料と一致している。 The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are collectively shown below. The numbers in parentheses for the raw materials correspond to the raw materials in the table.
（１）ＰＴＦＥ樹脂（ＰＴＦＥ）：
旭硝子社製；Ｇ１６３，比重２．１５
（２）銅亜鉛合金（Ｃｕ−Ｚｎ）：
福田金属箔粉工業社製；Ｂｒａ−Ａｔ（Ｚｎ２０）−１００、
組成；Ｃｕ−Ｚｎ（Ｃｕ：Ｚｎ＝８０％：２０％）
粒径１５０μｍ以下、比重８．５９
（３）銅ニッケル亜鉛合金（Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ）：
福田金属箔粉工業社製；ＮＳ−Ａｔ２種−１００、
組成；Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ（Ｃｕ：Ｎｉ：Ｚｎ＝６４：１８：１８）、
粒径１５０μｍ以下、比重８．６１
（４）銅マンガン合金（Ｃｕ−Ｍｎ）：
福田金属箔粉工業社製；Ｃｕ−Ｍｎ（３３）−１００、
組成；Ｃｕ−Ｍｎ（Ｃｕ：Ｍｎ＝６７：３３）、
粒径１５０μｍ以下、比重８．４５
（５）銅錫合金（Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ）：
福田金属箔粉工業社製；Ｂｒｏ−Ａｔ１００、
組成；Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ（Ｃｕ：Ｓｎ＝９０：１０）、
粒径１５０μｍ以下、比重８．７６
（６）再生ＰＴＦＥ（ＰＴＦＥ−Ｓ）：
喜多村社製；ＫＴ３００Ｍ、
粒径１００μｍ以下、比重２．１５
(1) PTFE resin (PTFE):
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd .; G163, specific gravity 2.15
(2) Copper zinc alloy (Cu-Zn):
Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Co., Ltd .; Bra-At (Zn20) -100,
Composition: Cu—Zn (Cu: Zn = 80%: 20%)
Particle size 150 μm or less, specific gravity 8.59
(3) Copper nickel zinc alloy (Cu-Ni-Zn):
Fukuda metal foil powder industry company make; NS-At2 kind-100,
Composition: Cu—Ni—Zn (Cu: Ni: Zn = 64: 18: 18),
Particle size 150 μm or less, specific gravity 8.61
(4) Copper manganese alloy (Cu-Mn):
Fukuda metal foil powder industry company make; Cu-Mn (33) -100,
Composition; Cu—Mn (Cu: Mn = 67: 33),
Particle size 150 μm or less, specific gravity 8.45
(5) Copper tin alloy (Cu-Sn):
Made by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industry; Bro-At100,
Composition; Cu—Sn (Cu: Sn = 90: 10),
Particle size 150 μm or less, specific gravity 8.76
(6) Regenerated PTFE (PTFE-S):
Made by Kitamura; KT300M,
Particle size 100 μm or less, specific gravity 2.15
実施例１〜８および比較例１は、表１に示した配合割合で原材料をヘンシェルミキサー乾式混合機にてドライブレンドし、プレス機を用いて５０Ｍｐａの圧力を加え、外径φ１２２ｍ、内径φ６４ｍｍ、高さ１００ｍｍの円筒素形材、および直径φ３０ｍｍ、高さ１００ｍｍの円柱素形材をそれぞれ予備成形し、３７０℃で４時間焼成した。焼成された円筒素形材から、スカイビング加工にて厚さ１ｍｍのシート材を得た。このシート材より、φ３０ｍｍの錆試験片、縦３０ｍｍ、横３０ｍｍの摩擦摩耗試験片をパンチにて打ち抜いた。また、焼成された円柱素形材を用いて、切削加工により一辺１２．７ｍｍの正方形の圧縮クリープ用試験片を作製した。 In Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1, the raw materials were dry blended in a Henschel mixer dry mixer at the blending ratio shown in Table 1, a pressure of 50 Mpa was applied using a press machine, an outer diameter φ122 m, an inner diameter φ64 mm, A cylindrical element having a height of 100 mm and a columnar element having a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 100 mm were preformed and fired at 370 ° C. for 4 hours. A sheet material having a thickness of 1 mm was obtained from the fired cylindrical element by skiving. From this sheet material, a rust test piece having a diameter of 30 mm, a frictional wear test piece having a length of 30 mm, and a width of 30 mm were punched out with a punch. Moreover, a square compression test specimen having a side of 12.7 mm was prepared by cutting using the fired cylindrical element.
上記の試験片を用いて、高温多湿環境下での金属相手材の錆の有無、動摩擦係数、比摩耗量、圧縮クリープ性を以下に示す方法で測定した。この結果を次の表１に示す。 Using the above test pieces, the presence or absence of rust, the dynamic friction coefficient, the specific wear amount, and the compression creep property of the metal counterpart in a high temperature and high humidity environment were measured by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
金属相手材の錆の有無は、ミーハナイト鋳鉄（ＦＣ３５０）に、水１０％混合した潤滑油（出光ダフニーマルチウェイ）を滴下し、その上にφ３０ｍｍ試験片を載せ、５００ｇ負荷の状態で、４０℃高温槽に１００時間放置した。１００時間後における金属相手材の錆の有無を、全く変色がなかった（錆なし）：○、黒色変化あり（錆あり）：×で評価した。 The presence or absence of rust on the metal counterpart was determined by dropping lubricating oil (Idemitsu Daphne Multiway) mixed with 10% water onto Mehanite cast iron (FC350), placing a φ30 mm test piece on top of it, and placing it at a load of 500 g at 40 ° C. It was left in a high temperature bath for 100 hours. The presence or absence of rust on the metal counterpart after 100 hours was evaluated as no change in color (without rust): ○, with black change (with rust): x.
動摩擦係数および比摩耗量の測定には、往復動型試験機を用いた。試験条件は潤滑油（昭和シェル石油社製トナオイル）潤滑下、高周波焼き入れしたミーハナイト鋳鉄（ＦＣ３５０）に摺接させ、滑り速度３０ｍ／ｍｉｎ、面圧０．５Ｍｐａ、ストローク±１００ｍｍで１００時間供試した。そして、試験終了直前の動摩擦係数および樹脂試験片の比摩耗量（×１０-3ｍｍ3／（Ｎ・ｍ））を測定した。 A reciprocating type testing machine was used for measuring the dynamic friction coefficient and the specific wear amount. The test conditions were lubricated (Tona Oil manufactured by Showa Shell Sekiyu Co., Ltd.) and slidably contacted with induction-hardened Meehanite cast iron (FC350). did. And the dynamic friction coefficient just before completion | finish of a test and the specific abrasion loss (x10 < -3 > mm < 3 > / (N * m)) of the resin test piece were measured.
圧縮クリープ試験は、ＡＳＴＭ−Ｄ６２１に準拠し、常温で面圧１３．７Ｍｐａで圧縮し、２４時間後の圧縮クリープ変形率（％）を測定した。 The compression creep test was performed in accordance with ASTM-D621, compressed at a normal pressure of 13.7 Mpa at room temperature, and measured the compression creep deformation rate (%) after 24 hours.
さて、表１では、動摩擦係数、比摩耗量および圧縮クリープ量（横方向）は全て数値が低いほど好ましく、それぞれ数値が低いほど、低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、耐クリープ性があることを意味する。 In Table 1, the kinetic friction coefficient, the specific wear amount, and the compression creep amount (lateral direction) are all preferably as the numerical values are lower, and the lower the numerical values, the lower the friction, wear resistance, and creep resistance. To do.
表１に明示されるように、実施例１〜７は、金属相手材の変色が全く認められず、錆の発生は無かった。実施例８は、金属相手材の変色は認められたが、問題視する程度ではなかったため、錆の発生は無かったと評価した。また、各実施例は、油中で安定した低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、優れた耐クリープ性を示した。 As clearly shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 7, no discoloration of the metal counterpart material was observed, and no rust was generated. In Example 8, discoloration of the metal counterpart material was recognized, but it was not a problem, so it was evaluated that no rust was generated. Moreover, each Example showed the stable low friction property in oil, abrasion resistance, and the outstanding creep resistance.
一方、比較例１は、金属相手材が黒色に変色しており、錆が発生していた。 On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the metal counterpart was discolored to black and rust was generated.
以上、表１に示した結果から、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材に、金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低い金属の粉末を混合すると、低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、柔軟性に優れた樹脂摺動材となることがわかる。また、高温多湿環境下において、樹脂摺動材中の金属の粉末が酸化されることで、樹脂摺動材が摺接する金属相手材の酸化による錆の発生を抑えて黒色に変色するのを防止することがわかる。 From the results shown in Table 1 above, when a powder of a metal having a standard unipolar potential lower than that of the material metal of the metal counterpart is mixed with the resin sliding material mainly composed of PTFE resin, low friction and wear resistance are obtained. It turns out that it becomes a resin sliding material excellent in property and flexibility. In addition, the metal powder in the resin sliding material is oxidized in a high temperature and high humidity environment, preventing the occurrence of rust due to oxidation of the metal partner material in sliding contact with the resin sliding material and preventing it from turning black. I understand that
さらに、ＰＴＦＥ樹脂を主成分とする樹脂摺動材に、金属の粉末に加えて再生ＰＴＦＥ樹脂粉末を配合すると、低摩擦性、耐摩耗性、柔軟性のより優れた樹脂摺動材となることがわかる。 Furthermore, when a recycled PTFE resin powder is blended in addition to a metal powder into a resin sliding material mainly composed of PTFE resin, it becomes a resin sliding material with more excellent low friction, wear resistance and flexibility. I understand.
１ 樹脂摺動材
２ テーブル
３ ベッド部
４ 摺動面
1 Resin sliding material 2 Table 3
Claims (5)
前記金属相手材の素材金属を鉄とし、
前記金属の粉末は、銅と、金属相手材の素材金属よりも標準単極電位が低く、かつ、アルミニウムを除く金属との銅合金粉末であり、表面に酸化物の不動態膜を形成可能としたことを特徴とする工作機械用樹脂摺動材。 In resin sliding material for machine tools, which is in sliding contact with metal counterpart under oil lubrication and high temperature and humidity environment, and compounded with metal powder in polytetrafluoroethylene resin,
The material metal of the metal counterpart is iron,
Powder of the metal, forming a copper, than the material metal of the metal mating material standard single electrode potential is rather low, and copper alloy powders der with a metal other than aluminum is, a passivation film of oxide on the surface A resin sliding material for machine tools characterized by being made possible.
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