JP5975233B2 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Incinerator Download PDF

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JP5975233B2
JP5975233B2 JP2014039279A JP2014039279A JP5975233B2 JP 5975233 B2 JP5975233 B2 JP 5975233B2 JP 2014039279 A JP2014039279 A JP 2014039279A JP 2014039279 A JP2014039279 A JP 2014039279A JP 5975233 B2 JP5975233 B2 JP 5975233B2
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furnace
hearth
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waste
incineration
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JP2015163822A (en
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周二 黒木
周二 黒木
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有限会社オイル・リサイクル
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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Description

本発明は、主に一般廃棄物及び産業廃棄物、廃油、廃溶剤、廃ペンキ、廃プラスチック、廃タイヤ、石油スラッジ、鶏糞、汚泥、廃水、稲わら、堆肥原料落ち葉、牧草、立木及び枯草等を混合焼却するために使用される焼却炉に関するものであり、特に傾斜して変速回転する炉床を有する焼却炉に関するものである。   The present invention mainly includes general waste and industrial waste, waste oil, waste solvent, waste paint, waste plastic, waste tires, petroleum sludge, chicken manure, sludge, waste water, rice straw, compost raw material fallen leaves, grass, standing trees and hay, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to an incinerator having a hearth that rotates at an inclined speed.

従来の廃棄物焼却炉としては、ストーカー炉、ロータリーキルン炉、円盤撹拌炉、竪型多段炉、逆燃焼炉、流動砂炉等が公知である。また、これらの焼却炉においては、その燃焼性を向上させるために、例えば撹拌手段を設ける方法、また例えば一方向のみに移動する火床に新燃層を連続的に作り出す方法が採られていた。しかしながら、高熱の炉内に金属製の撹拌装置を設けた装置、階段火格子、投炭機、及び火床内部全体に被焼却物を拡散させる装置等は、寿命が短く、構造も複雑なため、その取り替えに多大な費用や労力を要するばかりでなく、付随する設備等も大型のものとなり過大な消費電力や設置用地を要し、経済的な負担が大きいという問題があった。また、上記いずれの焼却炉においても火床の移動が一方向のみであるため一定の燃焼時間しか確保できず、焼却の遅いものは未燃焼のまま排出されてしまうという欠点があった。   As a conventional waste incinerator, a stalker furnace, a rotary kiln furnace, a disk stirring furnace, a vertical multistage furnace, a reverse combustion furnace, a fluidized sand furnace, and the like are known. In these incinerators, in order to improve the combustibility, for example, a method of providing a stirring means, for example, a method of continuously creating a new fuel layer on a firebed moving only in one direction has been adopted. . However, equipment with a metal stirrer in a high-heat furnace, stair grate, coal thrower, and equipment that diffuses the incinerated material throughout the entire firebed have a short life span and a complicated structure. In addition to the large cost and labor required for the replacement, the accompanying equipment and the like are large in size, requiring excessive power consumption and installation site, and there is a problem that the economic burden is large. Further, in any of the above incinerators, the movement of the fire bed is only in one direction, so that only a certain combustion time can be secured, and those that are slow incineration are discharged unburned.

例えば、現在、一般廃棄物の焼却処理には、ストーカー機械火格子炉、流動砂層炉の大型、中型の装置が多く使用されているが、各々、下記のような問題点を有している。先ず、ストーカー機械火格子炉の問題点について言えば、(1)炉床が金属製の火格子であるので、石油固形物が液状化したようなものは完全に焼却することができないばかりでなく、高カロリーの廃棄物から発生する高熱のため火格子の劣化が早い。(2)一方向のみに移動する火床による一定時間の燃焼であるため、未燃焼物が発生する。(3)クリンカが発生する。(4)廃棄物の前処理である破砕作業に過大な動力を要する。次いで、流動砂層炉の問題点について言えば、(5)媒体である砂を風力により流体化するために飛灰が多く、過大な動力を要する。(6)流動砂層に適した砂を選別して補給を常時行う必要があると共に、熱損失と機械の消耗が大きい。以上のように、上記いずれの焼却炉においても構造の複雑さに係る製作費用及びランニングコスト等の経済的負担が大きいという問題がある。   For example, currently, large-scale and medium-sized apparatuses such as a stalker mechanical grate furnace and a fluidized sand bed furnace are widely used for incineration treatment of general waste, but each has the following problems. First, regarding the problems of the stalker machine grate furnace: (1) Since the hearth is a metal grate, not only the petroleum solids liquefied cannot be completely incinerated. Due to the high heat generated from high-calorie waste, the grate deteriorates quickly. (2) Since the combustion is performed for a certain time by the firebed moving in only one direction, unburned matter is generated. (3) A clinker is generated. (4) Excessive power is required for the crushing operation, which is a pretreatment of waste. Next, regarding the problems of the fluidized sand layer furnace, (5) a large amount of fly ash is required to fluidize the sand, which is a medium, by wind power, and excessive power is required. (6) It is necessary to always select and replenish sand suitable for the fluidized sand layer, and heat loss and machine wear are large. As described above, in any of the above incinerators, there is a problem that economic burdens such as production costs and running costs related to the complexity of the structure are large.

このため、本出願人は上記の問題点を解決すべく、先に特許第3094282号を以て、変速回転可能及び傾斜角度一定に設けられた擂鉢状の炉床と、炉床の上方に設けられた空気噴出手段とから成り、炉床の中央部に燃殻排出口を設けると共に、燃殻排出口内に複数の縦溝が形成された蓋体を上下に摺動可能に設け、蓋体を上下に反覆摺動させると共に、燃殻と焼却殻(細かい燃殻や焼却灰を含む)とを分離して排出する燃殻及び焼却殻排出部を設けた焼却炉を提案した。この焼却炉は、炉床の回転により、炉床に、上昇する斜面と下降する斜面とを現出させ、炉床を回転流動する被燃焼物の回転中心点が炉床の回転中心とは別に前記上昇斜面寄りに偏心して発生する作用を利用して堆積した被燃焼物の表面に順次新燃層を作り出し焼却を行うものであり、さらに蓋体が上下に反復摺動する際に、焼却殻(細かい燃殻や焼却灰を含む)のみを縦溝から排出される一方、塊形状の燃殻は燃殻排出口を全開して排出されるものであった。   For this reason, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the applicant of the present invention has previously been disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3094282, which is provided above a hearth-shaped hearth that is capable of variable speed rotation and has a constant inclination angle, and the hearth. It consists of air jetting means, provided with a fuel shell discharge port in the center of the hearth, and provided with a lid body in which a plurality of vertical grooves are formed in the fuel shell discharge port so as to be slidable up and down. We proposed an incinerator equipped with a fuel shell and an incineration shell discharge part that slides and repels the fuel shell and incineration shell (including fine fuel shell and incineration ash). In this incinerator, rising and falling slopes appear on the hearth by rotating the hearth, and the center of rotation of the combusted material that rotates and flows in the hearth is separate from the center of rotation of the hearth. A new fuel layer is sequentially created on the surface of the burned material accumulated using the action generated eccentrically toward the rising slope, and incineration is performed when the lid body repeatedly slides up and down. While only the fine shell (including fine ash and incineration ash) was discharged from the longitudinal groove, the lump-shaped fuel shell was discharged with the fuel shell outlet fully open.

特許第3094282号公報Japanese Patent No. 3094282

しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の回転式の焼却炉により様々な廃棄物を焼却した結果、燃殻排出口と燃殻排出口内に設けられた蓋体との隙間からこぼれ落ちる焼却殻には細かい燃殻などが含まれるため、こぼれ落ちた焼却殻が火種となり事故を招く懼れがあった。また、稲わら、堆肥原料落ち葉、牧草、立木及び枯草などの農林業系副産物、及び土壌が混合した廃棄物は、屋外で保管されているなどの理由から高湿、高灰分であり、燃焼空気との接触効率が低く、熱しゃく減量の悪化、燃焼温度が低下し、処理能力が低下するという問題があった。   However, as a result of incineration of various wastes using the rotary incinerator described in Patent Document 1, fine incineration shells spilled from the gap between the fuel shell outlet and the lid provided in the fuel shell outlet. Because the shells are included, the spilled incineration shells became a fire and there was a fear of causing an accident. In addition, agricultural and forestry by-products such as rice straw, compost raw material, pasture, standing trees and hay, and waste mixed with soil have high humidity and high ash because they are stored outdoors, etc. The contact efficiency is low, the heat loss decreases, the combustion temperature decreases, and the processing capacity decreases.

本発明は、上記のような従来技術の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、傾斜して変速回転する炉床を有する焼却炉において、炉内から焼却殻のこぼれ落ちを防ぐと共に、炉内の被焼却物と燃焼空気との接触効率を向上させた焼却炉を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and in an incinerator having a hearth that rotates at an inclined speed, the incineration of the incinerator in the furnace is prevented while preventing the incineration shell from falling out of the furnace. It aims at providing the incinerator which improved the contact efficiency of a thing and combustion air.

このため本発明は、変速回転可能及び傾斜角度一定に設けられた炉床並びに炉床に空気を送出する空気送出手段から成り、前記炉床を凹状に形成し、その炉底の中央部に燃殻排出口を設けると共に、前記燃殻排出口内に蓋体を上下に摺動可能に設けて該蓋体を上下に反復摺動させると共に、燃殻と焼却殻とを分離して排出する回転炉を有する焼却炉において、前記蓋体の下部に焼却殻受け部を設けるとともに、前記回転炉の底部に筒体を設けて焼却殻の受容空間を形成し、前記蓋体の反復摺動と共に前記受容空間を開閉することを第1の特徴とする。   For this reason, the present invention comprises a hearth provided with variable speed rotation and a constant inclination angle and air sending means for sending air to the hearth. The hearth is formed in a concave shape, and a fuel is formed in the center of the hearth. A rotary furnace that has a shell discharge port, a cover body that is slidable up and down in the fuel shell discharge port, repeatedly slides the cover body up and down, and separates and discharges the fuel shell and the incineration shell An incinerator shell receiving portion is provided at a lower portion of the lid body, and a cylindrical body is provided at a bottom portion of the rotary furnace to form a receiving space for the incinerator shell. The first feature is to open and close the space.

また、新鮮な空気が前記炉床の底面及び側周面を通過する流路を設け、該流路から前記炉床の側周に炉底の中央に向けて空気を送出するノズルを放射状に設けたことを第2の特徴とする。   In addition, a flow path through which fresh air passes through the bottom surface and side peripheral surface of the hearth is provided, and nozzles for sending air from the flow channel toward the center of the hearth are provided radially on the side periphery of the hearth. This is the second feature.

さらに、前記炉壁の下部に、廃棄物を炉内へ少量ずつ連続的に投入するスクリューフィーダーを設けたことを第3の特徴とする。   Furthermore, a third feature is that a screw feeder is provided in the lower part of the furnace wall for continuously putting waste into the furnace little by little.

本発明は、以下の優れた効果を有する。
(1)炉内からこぼれ落ちた焼却殻を、焼却殻受け部で受けて受容空間に留めるため、火種となる焼却殻が炉外へ飛散、もしくはこぼれ落ちることを防止することができる。
(2)焼却殻受け部が蓋体の下部に設けられ、蓋体の開閉と同時に受容空間が開放されるため、炉内の燃殻を排出すると同時に焼却殻を排出することができ、排出作業が容易となる。
(3)炉底に向かって空気を送出するノズルを設けているため、炉内の廃棄物と燃焼空気との接触効率が高く、炉内の廃棄物を完全燃焼させることができる。
(4)炉内に送出される空気は、炉床の底面及び側周面を通過するため、炉床を冷却することが可能となり、焼却炉の運転効率を向上させる。
(5)廃棄物をスクリューフィーダーにより炉内へ投入するため、廃棄物の形状がスクリュー形状に合わせられて炉内へ投入される。よって、廃棄物を少量ずつ連続的に投入することが可能となり、炉内での燃焼効率が向上する。
The present invention has the following excellent effects.
(1) Since the incineration shell spilled from the inside of the furnace is received by the incineration shell receiving portion and retained in the receiving space, it is possible to prevent the incineration shell as a fire type from being scattered or spilled out of the furnace.
(2) Since the incineration shell receiving part is provided in the lower part of the lid, and the receiving space is opened simultaneously with opening and closing of the lid, the incineration shell can be discharged at the same time as the combustion shell in the furnace is discharged. Becomes easy.
(3) Since the nozzle for sending air toward the furnace bottom is provided, the contact efficiency between the waste in the furnace and the combustion air is high, and the waste in the furnace can be burned completely.
(4) Since the air sent into the furnace passes through the bottom and side surfaces of the hearth, it becomes possible to cool the hearth and improve the operating efficiency of the incinerator.
(5) Since the waste is put into the furnace by the screw feeder, the shape of the waste is matched with the screw shape and put into the furnace. Therefore, it becomes possible to throw in wastes little by little, and the combustion efficiency in a furnace improves.

本発明に係る焼却炉を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal section showing an incinerator concerning the present invention. 本発明に係る焼却炉を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the incinerator which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る焼却炉の下部を示す正面図である。It is a front view which shows the lower part of the incinerator which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る回転炉床を示す要部拡大断面図である。It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the rotary hearth which concerns on this invention. 図1のA−A線断面図である。It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG.

以下、図1〜図5を参照して、本発明による焼却炉の実施例について説明する。本明細書でいう廃棄物は、一般廃棄物及び産業廃棄物として指定された廃棄物のうち、着火される前の状態のものを指し、燃殻は、燃焼中、若しくは燃焼後の比較的大きな塊を指し、焼却殻は、燃焼中、若しくは燃焼後の比較的細かい塊や粒状のものを指す。   Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1-5, the Example of the incinerator by this invention is described. Waste in the present specification refers to wastes designated as general wastes and industrial wastes in a state before being ignited, and a fuel shell is relatively large during or after combustion. The incineration shell refers to a relatively fine lump or granular material during or after combustion.

図1、及び図2に示される焼却炉1は、主に一般廃棄物及び産業廃棄物、廃油、廃溶剤、廃ペンキ、廃プラスチック、廃タイヤ、石油スラッジ、鶏糞、汚泥、廃水、稲わら、堆肥原料落ち葉、牧草、立木及び枯草等を焼却するために使用される。焼却炉1は、その下部に一定の傾斜角度を以て設置され変速回転する回転炉2と、回転炉2が固定される基台3と、回転炉2の上方を覆う炉壁4と、炉壁4の側面に設けられたバーナー6、及びスクリューフィーダー7とから構成されている。   The incinerator 1 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 mainly includes general waste and industrial waste, waste oil, waste solvent, waste paint, waste plastic, waste tire, petroleum sludge, chicken manure, sludge, waste water, rice straw, It is used for incineration of compost raw materials such as fallen leaves, pasture, standing trees and hay. The incinerator 1 includes a rotary furnace 2 which is installed at a lower portion of the incinerator 1 and rotates at a fixed inclination, a base 3 to which the rotary furnace 2 is fixed, a furnace wall 4 covering the upper side of the rotary furnace 2, and a furnace wall 4. It is comprised from the burner 6 and screw feeder 7 which were provided in the side surface.

炉壁4は、図1、及び図2に示すように、上端が縮径した円筒体でその下端が傾斜状に形成されており、その頂部に排気口43を有している。排気口43は、フランジ部を有し、排気ダクト、または排気管等が接続可能とされており、焼却時に発生する炉内の排気や飛灰を排出するとともに、炉内の圧力を陰圧制御させている。また、炉壁4はその側周に複数の温度計口46を有しており、夫々に温度計(図示せず)を設けることで、炉内の温度管理を行うことを可能としている。炉壁4の下部側周には、送風口(二次)44が設けられており、送風ファン(図示せず)等が接続される。送風口(二次)44から送風された空気は、炉壁4の下面に設けられた送出室443を通過して炉壁4を冷却するとともに、回転炉2内へ送り込まれ炉内の燃焼空気として使用される。送風口(二次)44の対となる側周には、連通部48が設けられており、送風口(二次)44から流入した空気が送出室443、及び連通部48を介して炉内へ送り込むよう構成されている。炉壁4の側周(図1中左側)には、開閉可能な点検窓45が設けられており、回転炉2の内部を視認可能とされている。   As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the furnace wall 4 is a cylindrical body having a reduced diameter at the upper end, the lower end is formed in an inclined shape, and has an exhaust port 43 at the top. The exhaust port 43 has a flange portion and can be connected to an exhaust duct or an exhaust pipe. The exhaust port 43 exhausts exhaust gas and fly ash generated during incineration, and controls the negative pressure of the furnace. I am letting. Further, the furnace wall 4 has a plurality of thermometer ports 46 on its side periphery, and by providing a thermometer (not shown) for each, temperature management in the furnace can be performed. A blower port (secondary) 44 is provided around the lower side of the furnace wall 4 and is connected to a blower fan (not shown). Air blown from the blower opening (secondary) 44 passes through a delivery chamber 443 provided on the lower surface of the furnace wall 4 to cool the furnace wall 4 and is sent into the rotary furnace 2 to be burned in the furnace. Used as. A communication portion 48 is provided on the side periphery that forms a pair with the air blowing port (secondary) 44, and the air that has flowed in from the air blowing port (secondary) 44 passes through the delivery chamber 443 and the communication portion 48 to enter the furnace. It is configured to send in. An inspection window 45 that can be opened and closed is provided on the side periphery (left side in FIG. 1) of the furnace wall 4 so that the inside of the rotary furnace 2 can be visually confirmed.

図2、及び図3に示すように、炉壁4の下部側周には、スクリューフィーダー7が設けられている。スクリューフィーダー7は、廃棄物が投入される枡状の廃棄物投入部71と、廃棄物投入部71の下部を貫設するスクリュー部72と、スクリュー部72の軸にベルト等により連結されスクリューを所定の方向に回転駆動させる駆動部73とから構成されている。スクリュー部72は、軸の外周に螺旋状に設けられた羽根を有するスクリューと、スクリューを内包するとともに、廃棄物の流路となる筐体から構成されている。このように構成されたスクリューフィーダー7により、廃棄物投入部71に投入された廃棄物はスクリューの形状に合わせた形状とされると共に、スクリューにより押し出されて炉内へ廃棄物を連続的に投入することが可能とされている。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a screw feeder 7 is provided on the lower side periphery of the furnace wall 4. The screw feeder 7 includes a bowl-shaped waste input unit 71 into which waste is input, a screw unit 72 that penetrates the lower part of the waste input unit 71, and a shaft connected to the shaft of the screw unit 72 by a belt or the like. The driving unit 73 is configured to rotate in a predetermined direction. The screw part 72 includes a screw having blades spirally provided on the outer periphery of the shaft, and a housing that encloses the screw and serves as a waste passage. The screw feeder 7 configured in this manner makes the waste thrown into the waste throwing portion 71 into a shape that matches the shape of the screw and is pushed out by the screw to continuously throw the waste into the furnace. It is possible to do.

回転炉2は、駆動モーター22により変則回転せしめる円形状の回動板21と、回動板21に載置された炉床23と、炉床23から一定の間隙を有するよう回動板21に固定される円筒状の炉床外壁24と、炉床外壁24を覆う円筒状の炉床ケース25から構成されている。回動板21、並びに炉床23の中央部には燃殼排出口26が形成されている。すなわち、回転炉2は、炉床が断面略U字状を呈する形態にされると共に、炉床の中央(炉底)に設けられた燃殻排出口26を開閉する開閉機構である燃殻及び焼却殻排出部5とを連設した構成とされている。この回転炉2は、全体を水平線に対して約40度前後に傾斜した状態で基台3に回転自在に支承されている。その際に、回転炉2の上部に設けられた炉壁4の底面とはわずかな間隙を持つよう基台3に設置される。   The rotary furnace 2 includes a circular rotating plate 21 that is irregularly rotated by a drive motor 22, a hearth 23 placed on the rotating plate 21, and a rotating plate 21 that has a certain gap from the hearth 23. A cylindrical hearth outer wall 24 to be fixed and a cylindrical hearth case 25 covering the hearth outer wall 24 are configured. A fuel discharge port 26 is formed in the central portion of the rotating plate 21 and the hearth 23. That is, the rotary furnace 2 is configured so that the hearth has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and a fuel shell that is an opening and closing mechanism that opens and closes the fuel shell outlet 26 provided in the center (furnace bottom) of the hearth and It is set as the structure which connected the incineration shell discharge part 5 continuously. The rotary furnace 2 is rotatably supported on the base 3 in a state where the entire rotary furnace 2 is inclined about 40 degrees with respect to the horizontal line. At that time, it is installed on the base 3 so as to have a slight gap from the bottom surface of the furnace wall 4 provided in the upper part of the rotary furnace 2.

回動板21は、ステンレス等の金属製の円板で、その下方に設けられた耐熱シール部31を介して基台3に対して回動可能とされている。耐熱シール部31は、図4に示すように、回動板21の側面にはボルト等で金属製の筒状体である耐熱部材311が交換可能に設けられ、架台3にヤーンロープ312が張設されており、耐熱部材311がヤーンロープ312上を摩擦しながら回動するよう構成されている。なお、耐熱部材311、及びヤーンロープ312は、伸縮自在の耐熱部材であればよく、例えばガラスウール性の耐熱材(シリカボードなど)、あるいはその他のシール部材であっても構わない。   The rotating plate 21 is a metal disk such as stainless steel, and is rotatable with respect to the base 3 via a heat-resistant seal portion 31 provided below the rotating plate 21. As shown in FIG. 4, the heat-resistant sealing portion 31 is provided with a heat-resistant member 311 that is a metal cylindrical body that can be replaced with a bolt or the like on the side surface of the rotating plate 21, and a yarn rope 312 is stretched on the gantry 3. The heat-resistant member 311 is configured to rotate while rubbing on the yarn rope 312. The heat-resistant member 311 and the yarn rope 312 may be any heat-resistant member that can be expanded and contracted. For example, a glass-wool heat-resistant material (such as silica board) or other sealing members may be used.

駆動モーター22は、その回転軸に平歯車221が固設され、回転軸が回動板21と直角となるよう傾斜した状態で架台3に固定されている。平歯車221は、回動板21の底面側に設けられた軸受及び平歯車222と共回り可能に嵌合させられており、回動板21は、駆動モーター22の回転力により回動可能とされている。回動板21には、耐火セラミックを凹状に形成した炉床23が載置されており、回動板21と共回りするように固定されている。   The drive motor 22 has a spur gear 221 fixed to its rotating shaft, and is fixed to the gantry 3 in a state where the rotating shaft is inclined so as to be perpendicular to the rotating plate 21. The spur gear 221 is fitted so as to be able to rotate together with a bearing and a spur gear 222 provided on the bottom side of the rotating plate 21, and the rotating plate 21 can be rotated by the rotational force of the drive motor 22. Has been. A hearth 23 in which a refractory ceramic is formed in a concave shape is placed on the rotating plate 21, and is fixed so as to rotate together with the rotating plate 21.

このようにして、回転炉2は、炉床23を回転させ、炉床23の下部(図1中左側)が上部(図1中右側)に移行する過程において、堆積した廃棄物は下部側に崩落して転動分離しながら燃焼される。堆積した廃棄物の表面側(嵩の大きい廃棄物)は、順次新燃層を形成して焼却され、嵩が小さくなるにつれて廃棄物層の下方に没してゆき最終的には焼却殻となって炉の下部側に堆積する。この傾斜面により遠心力の作用し難い炉床中央部付近(炉床が平面であるとその軸芯付近には遠心力が及ばない、これは炉床の直径が大きくなるほど顕著である)でも転動分離(燃焼物が不燃の小石の動きに追随して動くため)が可能となり、炉床全面に常に新燃層が広がった状態を形成することが可能となり、高い燃焼効果を得ることができる。また、被焼却物を転動分離させて流動性の低い微細焼却殻を回転炉2の底部に常時堆積させるため、回転炉2底面の焦付きやクリンカの発生を防止することができる。すなわち、回転炉2内では表面から順に大、中、小の廃棄物が積層された状態となり、廃棄物は焼却が進み燃殻となり、徐々に角がとれて丸く小さくなって順次下層に移動し、砂利状さらには焼却殻になるまで繰り返し焼却され、焼却殻は固形物の間を通って最下層に滑落して回転炉2の底部に堆積する。   In this way, the rotary furnace 2 rotates the hearth 23, and in the process in which the lower part of the hearth 23 (left side in FIG. 1) moves to the upper part (right side in FIG. 1), the accumulated waste is moved to the lower side. It falls and burns while rolling and separating. The surface side of the accumulated waste (the bulky waste) is incinerated by forming a new fuel layer one after another, and as it becomes smaller, it sinks below the waste layer and eventually becomes an incineration shell. Deposit on the lower side of the furnace. This inclined surface makes it difficult to rotate even in the vicinity of the center of the hearth where centrifugal force hardly acts (if the hearth is flat, the centrifugal force does not reach near the axis of the hearth, which is more conspicuous as the hearth diameter increases). Dynamic separation (because combustibles move following the movement of non-combustible pebbles) is possible, and it is possible to form a state in which a new fuel layer is always spread over the entire hearth, so that a high combustion effect can be obtained. . Moreover, since the incinerated material is tumbled and separated and the fine incineration shell having low fluidity is always deposited on the bottom of the rotary furnace 2, it is possible to prevent the bottom of the rotary furnace 2 from being burnt and the occurrence of clinker. That is, in the rotary furnace 2, large, medium, and small wastes are stacked in order from the surface, and the waste is incinerated and becomes a combustion shell, gradually becomes rounded and rounded, and moves to the lower layer sequentially. It is repeatedly incinerated until it becomes a gravel shape or even an incineration shell, and the incineration shell passes through between the solids and slides down to the lowest layer and accumulates at the bottom of the rotary furnace 2.

図1に示すように、炉底中央に連設された燃殻及び焼却殻排出部5は、耐火物を円柱形状に形成した蓋体51を炉底の中央に穿孔した燃殻排出口26内に挿通可能にされており、これを回転炉2の回転に対して遊び回転可能に基台3に支承させ、油圧シリンダー53によって上下に反復摺動させることにより燃殻排出口26の開閉動作を行う。蓋体51は、シャフト52の先端に設けられており、このシャフト52の他端が油圧シリンダー53と接続され、シャフト52をスライド軸受により支承することで、蓋体51を上下に反覆摺動可能としている。蓋体51の下部には、スカート状の焼却殻受け部55がシャフト52に挿通して蓋体51にボルト等で固定されている。また、回動板21の底部には、筒体211が設けられており、蓋体51が上動した際に、筒体211の周縁に焼却殻受け部55が当接して焼却殻の受容空間を形成する。そのため、蓋体51、及び焼却殻受け部55が上動した際には、蓋体51が燃殻排出口26を閉じて炉内の廃棄物、及び燃殻の排出を防ぐとともに、蓋体51と燃殻排出口26とのわずかな間隙からこぼれ落ちた焼却殻を、受容空間に留め、図4に一点鎖線で示すように、蓋体51、及び焼却殻受け部55が下動した際に、燃殻排出口26を開放して炉内の廃棄物、燃殻、及び焼却殻を、燃殻及び焼却殻排出口54から排出するとともに、受容空間内の焼却殻を排出することができる。すなわち、炉内で燃焼中には、焼却殻を受容空間へ排出することで燃殻と焼却殻をサイズ別に分離することが可能で、かつ焼却炉外へ同時に排出することが可能になるため、焼却後の処理が簡便となる上に、運転中に焼却殻がこぼれ落ちることを防ぐことができる。尚、燃殻及び焼却殻排出口54は、シャット弁等(図示せず)を接続できるようフランジ形状を有することが好ましい。   As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel shell and incineration shell discharge portion 5 provided continuously in the center of the furnace bottom is provided in the fuel shell outlet 26 in which a lid 51 in which a refractory is formed in a cylindrical shape is drilled in the center of the furnace bottom. This is supported on the base 3 so as to be freely rotatable with respect to the rotation of the rotary furnace 2, and is repeatedly slid up and down by the hydraulic cylinder 53, thereby opening and closing the fuel shell outlet 26. Do. The lid 51 is provided at the tip of the shaft 52. The other end of the shaft 52 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 53, and the lid 51 can be slid upside down by supporting the shaft 52 with a slide bearing. It is said. A skirt-shaped incineration shell receiving portion 55 is inserted into the shaft 52 at the lower part of the lid 51 and fixed to the lid 51 with a bolt or the like. Further, a cylindrical body 211 is provided at the bottom of the rotating plate 21. When the lid body 51 is moved upward, the incineration shell receiving portion 55 comes into contact with the peripheral edge of the cylindrical body 211 to receive the incineration shell. Form. Therefore, when the lid body 51 and the incineration shell receiving portion 55 are moved up, the lid body 51 closes the fuel shell outlet 26 to prevent discharge of waste and fuel shells in the furnace, and the lid body 51. When the incinerator shell spilled from a slight gap between the fuel shell outlet 26 and the fuel shell outlet 26 is retained in the receiving space, and the lid 51 and the incinerator shell receiving portion 55 are moved downward, as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. It is possible to open the fuel shell outlet 26 to discharge the waste, fuel shell, and incineration shell in the furnace from the fuel shell and incineration shell outlet 54 and to discharge the incineration shell in the receiving space. That is, during combustion in the furnace, it is possible to separate the combustion shell and the incineration shell according to size by discharging the incineration shell into the receiving space, and it is possible to discharge to the outside of the incinerator at the same time. In addition to simple processing after incineration, it is possible to prevent the incineration shell from spilling out during operation. The fuel shell and incineration shell outlet 54 preferably has a flange shape so that a shut valve or the like (not shown) can be connected.

次に、本発明の焼却炉1における燃焼空気の流れについて説明する。図4は、回転炉2を示す要部拡大断面図であり、図中の矢印は、空気の流れを示す。炉壁4の下部には、例えば送風ファン(図示せず)などが接続される送風口(二次)44が側設され、その送風口(二次)44に流路441が連続して設けられている。炉壁4の底部には送風口(二次)44と内部が連続するようドーナツ状の送出室443が流路441に連続して設けられており、送出室443の内周側には、送出ノズル442が、内周側の炉床23と炉壁4の間隙444に向けて複数個設けられている。そのため、流路441を通過した空気は、送出室443を通過して送出ノズル442から、間隙444を介して炉内へ吹き込まれる。また、図1に示すように、送風口(二次)44の反対側面には連通部48が送出室443と通気可能に設けられており、複数の送出ノズル442から吹き込まれなかった空気が連通部48を介して炉内の上方から吹き込まれるよう構成されている。そのため、送風口(二次)44から流入する空気は、炉壁4を冷却するとともに、余すことなく炉内の燃焼空気として使用され、効率良く廃棄物を燃焼させることができる。   Next, the flow of combustion air in the incinerator 1 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing the rotary furnace 2, and arrows in the figure indicate the flow of air. A blower port (secondary) 44 to which, for example, a blower fan (not shown) is connected is provided at the lower part of the furnace wall 4, and a flow path 441 is continuously provided in the blower port (secondary) 44. It has been. At the bottom of the furnace wall 4, a donut-shaped delivery chamber 443 is provided continuously to the flow path 441 so that the inside of the blower opening (secondary) 44 and the interior are continuous, and on the inner peripheral side of the delivery chamber 443, delivery is performed. A plurality of nozzles 442 are provided toward the gap 444 between the inner hearth 23 and the furnace wall 4. Therefore, the air that has passed through the flow path 441 passes through the delivery chamber 443 and is blown from the delivery nozzle 442 into the furnace through the gap 444. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a communication portion 48 is provided on the opposite side surface of the air blowing port (secondary) 44 so as to be able to ventilate the delivery chamber 443, and air that has not been blown from the plurality of delivery nozzles 442 communicates. It is configured to be blown from above in the furnace through the part 48. Therefore, the air flowing in from the blower port (secondary) 44 cools the furnace wall 4 and is used as combustion air in the furnace without being left over, so that waste can be burned efficiently.

図4に示すように、回転炉2の下部には、例えば送風ファン(図示せず)などが接続される送風口(一次)47と、この送風口(一次)47と内部が連続するようドーナツ状の送出室473が、架台3に固定されている。新鮮な空気は、送風口(一次)47から流入して送出室473を通り、回動板21と架台3との間に設けられた軸受及び平歯車222の内周を通過して、回動板21に穿設された複数の通気孔212を介し、流路471へ送られる。流路471は、炉床23と回動板21と炉床外壁24とで形成された空間となっており、炉床23に設けられた送出ノズル232へ連続した空間を形成している。送出ノズル232は、図5に示すように、蓋体51を中心として炉床23に放射状に複数個埋設されている。そのため、送風口(一次)47から流入する空気は、軸受及び平歯車222を冷却し、流路471を通過して回転炉2全体を冷却するとともに、炉内の燃焼空気として使用され、効率良く廃棄物を燃焼させることができる。また、燃焼空気は、軸受及び平歯車222、及び回転炉2を冷却して温められた空気であるため、炉内の温度を急激に下げることを防ぎ、炉内を高温雰囲気に保つことができる。   As shown in FIG. 4, at the lower part of the rotary furnace 2, for example, a blower port (primary) 47 to which a blower fan (not shown) or the like is connected, and a donut so that the blower port (primary) 47 and the inside are continuous. A shaped delivery chamber 473 is fixed to the gantry 3. Fresh air flows from the blower opening (primary) 47, passes through the delivery chamber 473, passes through the inner periphery of the bearing and spur gear 222 provided between the rotating plate 21 and the gantry 3, and rotates. It is sent to the flow path 471 through a plurality of vent holes 212 formed in the plate 21. The flow path 471 is a space formed by the hearth 23, the rotating plate 21, and the hearth outer wall 24, and forms a continuous space to the delivery nozzle 232 provided in the hearth 23. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of delivery nozzles 232 are radially embedded in the hearth 23 around the lid 51. Therefore, the air flowing in from the blower opening (primary) 47 cools the bearing and spur gear 222, passes through the flow path 471, cools the entire rotary furnace 2, and is used as combustion air in the furnace. Waste can be burned. Further, since the combustion air is air that has been heated by cooling the bearing and spur gear 222 and the rotary furnace 2, it is possible to prevent the temperature in the furnace from being rapidly lowered and to keep the furnace in a high temperature atmosphere. .

図4に示すように、炉床23と炉床外壁24との上端を接続する接続部233には、複数の開孔234が設けられている。そのため、流路471内の空気は、開孔234から炉壁4の下部に向けて噴出される。よって、間隙444を通って炉内の焼却殻や飛灰が外側へ流出することを防ぐことができる。この開孔234の形状は、例えば円形、角形の孔、もしくは長孔が好ましく、また開孔234から噴出される空気が、送出ノズル442から噴出される空気と衝突することとなるため、複数の開孔234同士は連続しないよう形成されることが好ましい。   As shown in FIG. 4, the connection portion 233 that connects the upper ends of the hearth 23 and the outer wall 24 of the hearth is provided with a plurality of openings 234. Therefore, the air in the flow path 471 is ejected from the opening 234 toward the lower part of the furnace wall 4. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the incineration shell and fly ash in the furnace from flowing out through the gap 444. The shape of the opening 234 is preferably a circular hole, a square hole, or a long hole, for example, and the air ejected from the opening 234 collides with the air ejected from the delivery nozzle 442. The openings 234 are preferably formed so as not to be continuous with each other.

次に本発明に係る焼却炉1の使用方法について説明する。先ず、回転炉2を低速度で回転させ、バーナー6を着火し炉内温度が800℃に達した後、廃棄物を廃棄物投入口41から定量投入し、回転炉2の回転により積層した廃棄物が緩やかに崩落している状態から廃棄物の乾燥が進んで自燃し始めるのでバーナー6の火力を種火程度に落とし、回転炉2の外周が1分間に15m前後移動する程度の速度で連続回転させながら回転炉2に収容した廃棄物の量が常に回転炉2の底部の70%程度の容積になるように新たな廃棄物を連続して投入する。灰化した廃棄物は、上述したように蓋体51と燃殻排出口26との間隙から排出されて粉灰受け部55上に堆積されるため、炉内には火種だけを残して連続投入された廃棄物に着火される。焼却が完了したら、火種が鎮火したことを点検窓45から視認する、もしくは温度計口46に設けた温度計(図示せず)で確認し、回転炉2を低速回転させた状態で蓋体51を下動させることで、燃殻排出口26から燃殻及び粉灰排出口54へ焼却物を自動的に排出する。   Next, the usage method of the incinerator 1 which concerns on this invention is demonstrated. First, the rotary furnace 2 is rotated at a low speed, the burner 6 is ignited and the furnace temperature reaches 800 ° C., and then a fixed amount of waste is introduced from the waste input port 41, and the waste is stacked by rotation of the rotary furnace 2. Since the waste starts to dry from the state where the material is slowly falling, the burning power of the burner 6 is reduced to the level of a seed fire, and the outer periphery of the rotary furnace 2 is continuously moved at a speed of about 15 m per minute. While rotating, new waste is continuously charged so that the amount of waste housed in the rotary furnace 2 is always about 70% of the volume of the bottom of the rotary furnace 2. As described above, the ashed waste is discharged from the gap between the lid 51 and the fuel shell outlet 26 and accumulated on the powder ash receiving portion 55, so that only the fire type is left in the furnace. The generated waste is ignited. When the incineration is completed, it is visually confirmed from the inspection window 45 that the fire type has been extinguished, or a thermometer (not shown) provided in the thermometer port 46 is confirmed, and the lid 51 is rotated in a state where the rotary furnace 2 is rotated at a low speed. Is automatically discharged from the fuel shell outlet 26 to the fuel shell and powder ash outlet 54.

以上のように、本発明に係る焼却炉1は、炉内の清掃などに人手を必要としないばかりでなく、例えば放射性物資濃度の高い廃棄物を焼却しても、作業員が焼却物に触れることがないため、作業員の被爆を防止することが可能となる。   As described above, the incinerator 1 according to the present invention does not require manual labor for cleaning the inside of the furnace, and even when, for example, incineration of waste having a high concentration of radioactive material, the worker touches the incineration. Therefore, it is possible to prevent workers from being exposed.

1 焼却炉
2 回転炉
21 回動板
211 筒体
212 通気孔
22 駆動モーター
221 平歯車
222 軸受及び平歯車
23 炉床
232 送出ノズル
24 炉床外壁
25 炉床ケース
26 燃殼排出口
3 基台
31 耐熱シール部
311 耐火部材
312 ヤーンロープ
4 炉壁
43 排気口
44 送風口(二次)
441 流路
442 送出ノズル
443 送出室
444 間隙
45 点検窓
46 温度計口
47 送風口(一次)
471 流路
473 送出室
48 連通部
5 燃殻及び焼却殻排出部
51 蓋体
52 シャフト
53 油圧シリンダー
54 燃殻及び焼却殻排出口
55 焼却殻受け部
6 バーナー
7 スクリューフィーダー
71 廃棄物投入部
72 スクリュー部
73 駆動部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2 Rotating furnace 21 Rotating plate 211 Cylinder body 212 Vent hole 22 Drive motor 221 Spur gear 222 Bearing and spur gear 23 Hearth 232 Sending nozzle 24 Hearth wall outer wall 25 Hearth case 26 26 Fuel outlet 3 Base 31 Heat-resistant seal part 311 Refractory member 312 Yarn rope 4 Furnace wall 43 Exhaust port 44 Blower port (secondary)
441 Flow path 442 Delivery nozzle 443 Delivery chamber 444 Gap 45 Inspection window 46 Thermometer port 47 Blower port (primary)
471 Flow path 473 Delivery chamber 48 Communication part 5 Fuel shell and incineration shell discharge part 51 Cover body 52 Shaft 53 Hydraulic cylinder 54 Fuel shell and incineration shell outlet 55 Burning shell receiving part 6 Burner 7 Screw feeder 71 Waste input part 72 Screw Part 73 Drive part

Claims (3)

変速回転可能及び傾斜角度一定に設けられた炉床と、該炉床に空気を送出する空気送出手段と、該炉床の上部に設けられる炉壁から成り、前記炉床を凹状に形成し、その炉底の中央部に燃殻排出口を設けると共に、該燃殻排出口内に蓋体を上下に摺動可能に設けて該蓋体を上下に反復摺動させ、燃殻をサイズ別に分離して排出する回転炉を有する焼却炉において、前記蓋体の下部に焼却殻受け部を設けるとともに、前記回転炉の底部に筒体を設けて焼却殻の受容空間を形成し、前記蓋体の反復摺動と共に前記受容空間を開閉することを特徴とする焼却炉。   It comprises a hearth provided with variable speed rotation and a constant inclination angle, air sending means for sending air to the hearth, and a furnace wall provided at the upper part of the hearth, and forming the hearth in a concave shape, A fuel shell discharge port is provided at the center of the furnace bottom, and a lid body is slidable up and down in the fuel shell discharge port, and the cover body is repeatedly slid up and down to separate the fuel shells according to size. In the incinerator having a rotary furnace for discharging, an incineration shell receiving portion is provided at a lower portion of the lid body, and a cylindrical body is provided at a bottom portion of the rotary furnace to form a receiving space for the incineration shell. An incinerator characterized by opening and closing the receiving space with sliding. 新鮮な空気が前記炉床の底面及び側周面を通過する流路を設け、該流路から前記炉床の側周に炉底の中央に向けて空気を送出するノズルを放射状に設けたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の焼却炉。   A flow path through which fresh air passes through the bottom surface and side peripheral surface of the hearth is provided, and nozzles that send air from the flow channel toward the center of the hearth are provided radially on the side periphery of the hearth. The incinerator according to claim 1. 前記炉壁の下部に、廃棄物を炉内へ少量ずつ連続的に投入するスクリューフィーダーを設けたことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の焼却炉。   The incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a screw feeder is provided at a lower part of the furnace wall to continuously put waste into the furnace little by little.
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