JP5964549B2 - 燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極触媒層、燃料電池用膜電極接合体および固体高分子形燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極触媒層、燃料電池用膜電極接合体および固体高分子形燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5964549B2 JP5964549B2 JP2011047496A JP2011047496A JP5964549B2 JP 5964549 B2 JP5964549 B2 JP 5964549B2 JP 2011047496 A JP2011047496 A JP 2011047496A JP 2011047496 A JP2011047496 A JP 2011047496A JP 5964549 B2 JP5964549 B2 JP 5964549B2
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- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUBJEHHGZYTRPH-KTKRTIGZSA-N [(z)-octadec-9-enyl] hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O ZUBJEHHGZYTRPH-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYCVEQAJBXLGEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;n,n-diethylethanamine;octadecanamide Chemical group CC(O)=O.CCN(CC)CC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O YYCVEQAJBXLGEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YSJGOMATDFSEED-UHFFFAOYSA-M behentrimonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C YSJGOMATDFSEED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical class OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MGYNCLRTNAGJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;octadecanamide;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.CCN(CC)CC.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O MGYNCLRTNAGJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZYPPHLDZUUCCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 OZYPPHLDZUUCCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070891 pyridium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC([O-])=O HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFVFIFLLYFPGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M stearalkonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SFVFIFLLYFPGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDWRUZRMNKZIAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN VDWRUZRMNKZIAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
て用いられる酸素還元電極用の電極活物質であって、Ta、Nb、Ti、Zrから選択さ
れる、少なくとも一つの遷移金属元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法としたものである。
酸化物、または、前記遷移金属元素の酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃
料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法としたものである。
基材として転写シートを用いた場合には、高分子電解質膜に電極触媒層を接合後に転写シートを剥離し、高分子電解質膜の両面に触媒層を備える膜電極接合体とすることができる。
〔高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質の形成方法〕
触媒物質(TaCNO、比表面積9m2/g)と、20質量%高分子電解質溶液(ナフィオン:登録商標、デュポン社製)を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミル(商品名:P−7、フリッチュ・ジャパン社製)で分散処理を行った。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。インクの組成比は、触媒物質と高分子電解質の質量比で1:0.25とした。溶媒は超純水、1−プロパノールを体積比で1:1とし、固形分含有量は14質量%とした。PTFEシートをインクの乾燥用の基材として使用した。ドクターブレードにより、インクを基材上に塗布し、そして大気雰囲気中80℃で5分間乾燥させた。その後、高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質を基材上から回収した。
炭素粒子(Ketjen Black、商品名:EC−300J、ライオン社製、比表面積800m2/g)と、20質量%高分子電解質溶液(ナフィオン:登録商標、デュポン社製)を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミル(商品名:P−7、フリッチュ・ジャパン社製)で分散処理を行った。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。インクの組成比は、炭素粒子と高分子電解質の質量比で1:0.5とした。溶媒は超純水、1−プロパノールを体積比で1:1とし、固形分含有量は14質量%とした。PTFEシートをインクの乾燥用の基材として使用した。ドクターブレードにより、インクを基材上に塗布し、そして大気雰囲気中80℃で5分間乾燥させた。その後、高分子電解質で包埋した炭素粒子を基材上から回収した。
高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質と、高分子電解質で包埋した炭素粒子を遊星型ボールミルにて無溶媒で混合した。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質と、高分子電解質で包埋した炭素粒子の組成比は、触媒物質および炭素粒子の質量比で1:1とした。
高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質と、高分子電解質で包埋した炭素粒子の混合物に熱処理を加えたものと、20質量%高分子電解質溶液を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミルで分散処理を行った。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。触媒インクの組成比は、触媒物質および炭素粒子、高分子電解質の質量比で1:1:0.8とした。溶媒は超純水、1−プロパノールを体積比で1:1とした。また、固形分含有量は14質量%とした。PTFEシートを転写シートとして使用した。
ドクターブレードにより、触媒インクを転写シートに塗布し、そして大気雰囲気中80℃で5分間乾燥させた。電極触媒層の厚さは、触媒物質担持量が0.4mg/cm2になるように調整し、空気極側の電極触媒層2を形成した。
〔触媒インクの調製〕
触媒物質と炭素粒子および20質量%高分子電解質溶液を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミルで分散処理を行った。ボールミルのポット、ボールにはジルコニア製のものを用いた。触媒インクの組成比は、触媒物質と炭素粒子および高分子電解質の質量比が1:1:0.8としたものを触媒インクとした。溶媒は超純水、1−プロパノ−ルを体積比で1:1とした。また、固形分含有量は14質量%とした。基材には、実施例と同じ転写シートを使用した。
実施例と同様の手法で、転写シートに触媒インクを塗布し、乾燥させた。電極触媒層の厚さは触媒物質担持量が0.4mg/cm2になるように調節し、空気極側の電極触媒層2を形成した。
白金担持量が50質量%である白金担持カーボン触媒(商品名:TEC10E50E、田中貴金属工業製)と、20質量%高分子電解質溶液を溶媒中で混合し、遊星型ボールミルで分散処理をおこなった。分散時間を60分間としたものを触媒インクとした。触媒インクの組成比は、白金担持カーボン中のカーボンと、高分子電解質は質量比で1:1とし、溶媒は超純水、1−プロパノールを体積比で1:1とした。また、固形分含有量は10質量%とした。電極触媒層2と同様の手法で、基材に触媒インクを塗布し、乾燥させた。電極触媒層の厚さは触媒物質担持量が0.3mg/cm2になるように調整し、燃料極側の電極触媒層3を形成した。
(実施例)および(比較例)において作製した空気極側電極触媒層2が形成された基材と、燃料極側電極触媒層3を形成された基材を5cm2の正方形に打ち抜き、高分子電解質膜(ナフィオン(登録商標名)212、デュポン社製)の両面に対面するように転写シートを配置し、130℃、10分間の条件でホットプレスを行い、膜電極接合体12を得た。得られた膜電極接合体12の両面に、ガス拡散層として目処め層が形成されたカーボンペーパー4、5を配置し、更に、一対のセパレーター10で挟持し、単セルの固体高分子形燃料電池を作製した。
(評価条件)
エヌエフ回路設計ブロック社製の燃料電池測定装置を用いて、セル温度80℃で、アノードおよびカソードともに100%RHの条件で発電特性評価を行った。燃料ガスとして純水素、酸化剤ガスとして純酸素を用い、流量一定による流量制御を行った。
(実施例)で作製した膜電極接合体は、(比較例)で作製した膜電極接合体よりも優れた発電性能を示した。特に0.6V付近の発電性能が向上し、(実施例)は(比較例)と比べて約2.2倍の発電性能を示した。これは、(実施例)では、触媒物質を高分子電解質で包埋することで、また、炭素粒子の比表面積が調整されることで触媒表面のプロトン伝導性が高められ、反応活性点が増加したためと推察した。これに対して、(比較例)では、触媒物質と炭素粒子および高分子電解質を一段階で溶媒中に分散させるため、触媒物質よりも比表面積の大きい炭素粒子に対して高分子電解質が優先的に吸着したことで、触媒物質の表面では十分なプロトン伝導性が確保されなかったためと推察した。
2 空気極側の電極触媒層
3 燃料極側の電極触媒層
4 空気極側のガス拡散層
5 燃料極側のガス拡散層
6 空気極(カソード)
7 燃料極(アノード)
8 ガス流路
9 冷却水流路
10 セパレーター
11 膜電極接合体
12 固体高分子形燃料電池
Claims (3)
- 高分子電解質、触媒物質および炭素粒子を有する燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法であって、
(1)炭素粒子より比表面積が小さい触媒物質と第一の高分子電解質が、重量比を1:0.01〜1:30の範囲内で、前記触媒物質と前記第一の高分子電解質とを溶媒に分散し、温度範囲が30℃以上140℃以下の範囲内で乾燥することにより、第一の高分子電解質で包埋してなる触媒物質を形成する工程と、
(2)前記第一の工程とは別に、前記触媒粒子より比表面積が大きい前記炭素粒子と第二の高分子電解質が、重量比を1:0.1〜1:20の範囲内で、前記炭素粒子と前記第二の高分子電解質とを溶媒に分散し、温度範囲が30℃以上140℃以下の範囲内で乾燥することにより第二の高分子電解質で包埋してなる炭素粒子を形成する工程と、
(3)前記第一の高分子電解質で包埋した触媒物質と前記第二の高分子電解質で包埋した炭素粒子とを無溶媒で混合し、温度範囲が50℃以上180℃以下の範囲内で熱処理した後、第三の高分子電解質とともに溶媒に分散させた触媒インクを作製する工程と、
(4)ガス拡散層、転写シート基材、高分子電解質膜から選択される基材面上に、前記触媒インクを塗布し乾燥することにより電極触媒層を形成する工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法。 - 前記触媒物質が、固体高分子形燃料電池の空気極として用いられる酸素還元電極用の電極活物質であって、Ta、Nb、Ti、Zrから選択される、少なくとも一つの遷移金属元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法。
- 前記触媒物質が、前記遷移金属元素の炭窒化物の部分酸化物、または、前記遷移金属元素の酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒層の製造方法。
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