JP5958984B1 - Manufacturing method of wooden building based on grid design method - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of wooden building based on grid design method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【課題】本願発明は、構造の単純化及び耐力壁の筋交いを減らすことによって断熱材の充填領域を確保可能とする木造軸組工法における課題を解決する設計法。【解決手段】本願発明は、木造軸組工法において、横架材で組まれた格子組に強化板を固定する水平構面を上下に備え、前記上下の水平構面間を四隅で支持する菅柱と、前記上下の水平構面と柱との関係において、許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、係るグリッドを複数組み合わせることによって建物全体の設計を行うグリッド設計法とした。【選択図】図１The present invention provides a design method for solving the problems in a wooden shaft construction method that can secure a filling region of a heat insulating material by simplifying the structure and reducing the bracing of the bearing walls. The present invention provides a wooden frame construction method, wherein a horizontal structural surface for fixing a reinforcing plate to a lattice assembly composed of horizontal members is provided above and below, and the upper and lower horizontal structural surfaces are supported at four corners. A grid in which a solid area in which bearing walls calculated from allowable stress calculation are arranged as one grid in a relationship between a column and the above and below horizontal construction planes and a column, and a whole building is designed by combining a plurality of such grids The design method was adopted. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、木造建築物に関し、詳しくは、木造軸組工法の改善に資する技術であり、上下の水平構面、四隅の菅柱及び耐力壁からなる立体領域毎にグリッドとすることにより構造を単純化し、また各階床は水平構面とすることにより耐震性を向上し、且つ耐力壁の筋交い等を減らし該耐力壁内に断熱材を均一に充填することを可能とするグリッド設計法に関する。 The present invention relates to a wooden building, and more specifically, is a technique that contributes to the improvement of the wooden frame construction method. The structure is formed by forming a grid for each three-dimensional region composed of upper and lower horizontal structural surfaces, four corner pillars, and bearing walls. The present invention relates to a grid design method that simplifies and that each floor has a horizontal construction surface to improve seismic resistance, reduce bracing of the bearing walls, and uniformly fill the bearing walls with a heat insulating material.
木造建築物の一般的な工法として、在来軸組工法がある。在来軸組工法とは、主に柱や梁といった軸組で支える工法である。枠組壁工法と比較し耐力を持たせる壁が少ないため、設計の自由度が比較的高い工法である。ただし耐震性を確保するために、筋交い、火打ち梁、火打ち土台などの斜め部材を多用する必要がある。 As a general construction method of wooden buildings, there is a conventional shaft construction method. The conventional shaft construction method is a construction method mainly supported by a framework such as columns and beams. Compared with the framed wall method, it has a relatively high degree of freedom in design because there are few walls that give strength. However, in order to ensure earthquake resistance, it is necessary to use a large number of diagonal members such as braces, struck beams, and struck foundations.
軸組工法は、設計の自由度が高い反面、木造建築物の形状によっては、様々な寸法の部材が用いられ、それらが複雑に組み立てられることもある。部材の種類が増えることで、建て方も複雑化し、作業工程が増え、結果的に工期が長くなることとなっていた。 The shaft construction method has a high degree of freedom in design, but depending on the shape of the wooden building, members of various sizes are used, and they may be assembled in a complicated manner. Increasing the number of types of materials complicates the construction method, increasing the number of work processes, resulting in a longer construction period.
また、従来の工法では、耐震性の向上のために壁に筋交いを多用する方向であり、壁への断熱材の充填が均一に出来ない部分が増え、十分な断熱効果が得られないことも多い。また、床、天井への断熱材の充填が十分でないため、十分な断熱効果が得られなかった。 In addition, in the conventional method, it is a direction to use braces frequently on the wall to improve earthquake resistance, and there are more parts where the wall can not be uniformly filled with heat insulating material, and a sufficient heat insulating effect may not be obtained. Many. Moreover, since the floor and ceiling were not sufficiently filled with the heat insulating material, a sufficient heat insulating effect could not be obtained.
また、小屋や屋根の施工時において、小屋梁や母屋の上しか作業スペースが無く、作業員は危険作業を強いられ、足の踏み外しによる転落事故の可能性が高く、安全且つ効率的な作業が極めて困難な状況であった。そのため、構造を単純化しつつ、耐震性及び断熱性を向上させ、屋根の施工中の安全性を確保する工法が求められていた。 In addition, when building a shed or roof, there is only work space on the shed beams and the main building, workers are forced to perform dangerous work, and there is a high possibility of falling accidents due to stepping off, making safe and efficient work possible. It was an extremely difficult situation. Therefore, there has been a demand for a construction method that simplifies the structure, improves earthquake resistance and heat insulation, and ensures safety during roof construction.
木造住宅の天井板材を木造住宅の強度部材として活用した木造住宅の耐力天井壁構造（特許文献１参照）が提案され、公知技術となっている。より詳しくは、柱、土台、梁または胴差し等により枠組された躯体において、小屋梁または桁により形成された開口部に、前記開口部閉塞用の天井板材の周縁と所定幅で重なり合うとともに、前記天井板材の板厚に略等しい深さの切込みを形成し、前記切込みに、前記天井板材の周縁を嵌合させ、クギ等の固定手段により前記天井板材を、前記開口部を形成する大引きまたは小梁に固定したことを特徴とする木造住宅の耐力天井壁構造である。
天井の強度を高めることは記載されているが、建て方の手順の変更による屋根葺き作業性の向上や、建築の構造の単純化についての記載はされておらず、前記問題の解決には至っていない。
A load-bearing ceiling wall structure (see Patent Document 1) of a wooden house that uses the ceiling plate material of the wooden house as a strength member of the wooden house has been proposed and has become a publicly known technique. More specifically, in a frame framed by pillars, foundations, beams or girder, etc., the opening formed by a shed beam or girder overlaps with the periphery of the ceiling plate material for closing the opening with a predetermined width, and A notch having a depth substantially equal to the plate thickness of the ceiling plate material is formed, and a peripheral edge of the ceiling plate material is fitted into the notch, and the ceiling plate material is extended by a fixing means such as a nail or the like. It is a load-bearing ceiling wall structure of a wooden house characterized by being fixed to a small beam.
Although it is described that the strength of the ceiling is increased, there is no description about improvement of roofing workability by changing the procedure of building or simplification of the structure of the building, which led to the solution of the above problem. Not in.
また、天井構造の気密性、施工性、断熱性、耐震強度を向上させる技術（特許文献２参照）が提案され、公知技術となっている。より詳しくは、住宅の梁間あるいは桁間に横架された小屋梁間にパネルが介装された天井構造において、前記パネルは、面材と発泡断熱材からなり、前記面材の片面中央部に、面材の外周部分を残して、発泡断熱材を一体接合させたものであり、前記面材を小屋裏側から小屋梁に、又は室内側から小屋梁に当接させ、これを固定することにより、パネルが施工されてなる構造である。
天井の断熱性の向上については記載されているが、建築の構造の単純化及び耐震性の向上についての記載はされておらず、前記問題の解決には至っていない。
Moreover, the technique (refer patent document 2) which improves the airtightness of a ceiling structure, workability, heat insulation, and earthquake resistance strength is proposed, and is a well-known technique. More specifically, in the ceiling structure in which the panel is interposed between the beams of the house or between the shed beams that are laid between the girders, the panel is composed of a face material and a foam heat insulating material, and at the center of one side of the face material, By leaving the outer peripheral part of the face material, the foam heat insulating material is integrally joined, by contacting the face material from the back side of the shed to the shed beam or from the indoor side to the shed beam, and fixing this, The panel is constructed.
Although the improvement of the heat insulating property of the ceiling is described, the description of the simplification of the structure of the building and the improvement of the earthquake resistance is not made, and the problem has not been solved.
また、天井を天井パネルとしてユニット化するとともに、この天井パネルを上方から吊ることなく天井形成を行うことが可能となる、天井施工方法および天井パネルを提供する技術（特許文献３参照）が提案され、公知技術となっている。より詳しくは、ランナーおよびスタッドに石膏ボード合板を取りつけることで天井パネルを構成するとともに、この天井パネルに少なくとも一つの作業穴を形成しておく。この天井パネルを、部屋を囲む壁パネルの上方から吊り込んで、該壁パネルに固定する。そして、前記天井パネルの上方において、床パネルを壁パネルの上端に設置するとともに、互いに隣接する床パネルどうしを、前記作業穴から挿入される床パネル緊結ボルトによって連結する。最後に、前記作業穴を補助石膏ボード合板によって塞ぐ構造である。
天井部分を強度アップすることは記載されているが、断熱性の向上については記載されておらず、前記問題の解決には至っていない。
In addition, a ceiling construction method and a technique for providing a ceiling panel (see Patent Document 3) are proposed in which the ceiling is unitized as a ceiling panel and the ceiling can be formed without hanging the ceiling panel from above. It is a known technique. More specifically, a ceiling panel is formed by attaching a gypsum board plywood to the runner and the stud, and at least one working hole is formed in the ceiling panel. The ceiling panel is suspended from above the wall panel surrounding the room and fixed to the wall panel. Then, above the ceiling panel, the floor panel is installed at the upper end of the wall panel, and adjacent floor panels are connected to each other by a floor panel fastening bolt inserted from the work hole. Finally, the work hole is closed with an auxiliary gypsum board plywood.
Although it is described that the strength of the ceiling portion is increased, the improvement of heat insulation is not described, and the problem has not been solved.
本発明者は、構造の単純化及び耐力壁の筋交いを減らすことによる断熱材の充填領域の確保という、従来問題となって木造軸組工法におけるこれらの課題を解決すべく、水平構面に着目し、該水平構面、柱及び耐力壁から成る特定の立体領域を一つのグリッドとして、係るグリッドを複数組み合わせ、建物全体を設計することにより、前記課題を解決できる本願発明に係る「グリッド設計法」の完成に至ったものである。さらに、係るグリッド設計法は、前記課題を解決するのみならず、屋根工事における作業員の安全を確保できると共に、剛性及び重量バランスにも優れた木造建築物を提供できる設計法である。 The present inventor paid attention to the horizontal structure in order to solve these problems in the wooden frame construction method, which has become a conventional problem, that is, securing the filling region of the heat insulating material by simplifying the structure and reducing the bracing of the bearing walls. The grid design method according to the present invention can solve the above-mentioned problem by designing a whole building by combining a plurality of such grids with a specific three-dimensional area composed of the horizontal structure, columns and bearing walls as one grid. ”Has been completed. Furthermore, such a grid design method is a design method that not only solves the above-mentioned problems but also can provide a wooden building that can ensure the safety of workers in roof construction and is excellent in rigidity and weight balance.
本発明は、在来軸組工法において、筋交いにより耐震性を確保しようとした場合に、断熱性が十分得られないという問題点に鑑み、上下の水平構面と、前記上下の水平構面間を四隅で支持する菅柱と、これらを許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、筋交いを削減することによって解決する手段を提供するものである。 In the conventional shaft assembling method, the present invention, in view of the problem that sufficient heat insulation is not obtained when trying to ensure earthquake resistance by bracing, between the upper and lower horizontal surface and the upper and lower horizontal surface The three-dimensional region in which the pillars supporting the four corners and the bearing walls obtained from the allowable stress calculation are arranged as one grid, and means for solving the problem by reducing the bracing is provided.
本発明は、木造軸組工法による建築物の製造方法において二層以上の水平構面を備え、該水平構面は、直交する横架材で組まれた格子組と水平構面用強化板とが嵌合によって固定されて成り、該嵌合は前記水平構面用強化板の縁部に段差部を有し、該段差部の垂直面と断面形状が矩形である前記横架材の側面とが当接して嵌め合い、前記水平構面と此れを四隅で支持する菅柱との関係において、許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、係るグリッドの組み合わせによる設計手段を主として建築物全体を製造することを特徴とするグリッド設計法に基づく木造建築物の製造方法とした。 The present invention comprises a horizontal construction surface having two or more layers in a method for manufacturing a building by a wooden frame construction method, and the horizontal construction surface is composed of a lattice assembly composed of orthogonal horizontal members and a reinforcing plate for horizontal construction surface. Is fixed by fitting, and the fitting has a stepped portion at an edge of the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate, and a vertical surface of the stepped portion and a side surface of the horizontal member having a rectangular cross-sectional shape; In the relationship between the horizontal structural surface and the pillar supporting the corners at the four corners, the solid region in which the bearing walls obtained from the allowable stress calculation are arranged as one grid, and a combination of such grids The design method according to the method is a method for manufacturing a wooden building based on a grid design method characterized by manufacturing the whole building.
また本発明は、木造軸組工法による建築物の製造方法において二層以上の水平構面を備え、該水平構面は、直交する横架材で組まれた格子組と水平構面用強化板とが嵌合によって固定されて成り、該嵌合は前記水平構面用強化板の縁部に段差部を有し、該段差部の垂直面と断面形状が矩形である前記横架材の側面とが当接して嵌め合い、前記水平構面と此れを四隅で支持する菅柱との関係において、許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域であって、平面視において正方である立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、係るグリッドの組み合わせによる設計手段を主として建築物全体を製造することを特徴とするグリッド設計法に基づく木造建築物の製造方法とすることもできる。
The present invention also includes a horizontal construction surface having two or more layers in a method of manufacturing a building by a wooden frame construction method, wherein the horizontal construction surface is a lattice assembly composed of orthogonal horizontal members and a reinforcing plate for horizontal construction surface. Are fixed by fitting, and the fitting has a stepped portion at the edge of the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate, and the side surface of the horizontal member having a rectangular shape in cross section with the vertical surface of the stepped portion. Doo is fit contact, in relation to the KanHashira be supported by the horizontal plane and此Re four corners, a placing the bearing walls obtained from allowable stress calculated solid area, a square in a plan view It is also possible to use a method for manufacturing a wooden building based on a grid design method, in which a certain three-dimensional region is used as one grid, and a design means based on a combination of such grids mainly manufactures the entire building.
また本発明は、前記水平構面が、横架材である大引き、または小梁及び孫梁を格子状に組んだ格子組の正方開口部に、水平構面用強化板を嵌合及び釘着によって固定される手段を採用することもできる。
Further, according to the present invention , the horizontal construction surface is fitted with a reinforcing plate for horizontal construction and a nail in a square opening of a lattice set in which a horizontal pulling is a horizontal member or a small beam and a grandchild beam are assembled in a lattice shape. It is also possible to adopt means fixed by wearing .
また本発明は、前記耐力壁を構成する複数の菅柱に耐力を有する垂直構面用強化板を釘着する手段を採用することもできる。
The present invention can also employ a means for nailing a reinforcing plate for vertical construction that has strength to a plurality of eaves pillars constituting the bearing wall .
また本発明は、前記水平構面間に配置される柱の太さ及び長さ寸法は均一であることを手段とする。 The present invention is also characterized in that the thickness and length of the columns arranged between the horizontal surfaces are uniform.
また本発明は、前記グリッドに使用される部材は、プレカットされていることを手段とする。 Moreover, this invention makes it a means that the member used for the said grid is pre-cut.
本発明に係るグリッド設計法によれば、構造の単純化が可能であり、且つ、断熱効果の高い壁、床、及び天井とすることが可能となり、作業工期を短縮し、品質を向上させるものである。 According to the grid design method of the present invention, the structure can be simplified and the walls, floors, and ceilings with high thermal insulation effects can be obtained, the work period is shortened, and the quality is improved. It is.
本発明であるグリッド設計法は、木造軸組工法において、上下の水平構面と、前記上下の水平構面間を四隅で支持する菅柱と、これらを許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、係るグリッドを複数組み合わせることによって建物全体の設計を行い、前記耐力壁は、複数の菅柱に垂直構面用強化板を釘着し、前記水平構面は、大引き、または小梁及び孫梁で組まれた格子組に水平構面用強化板を嵌合及び釘着して固定する水平構面でることを最大の特徴とする。以下、実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
なお、本実施例で示されるグリッド設計法の全体形状及び各部の形状は、下記に述べる実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想の範囲内、即ち、同一の作用効果を発揮できる形状及び寸法の範囲内で変更することができるものである。
（実施例１）
The grid design method according to the present invention is a wooden frame construction method in which an upper and lower horizontal structural surface, a vertical column that supports the space between the upper and lower horizontal structural surfaces at four corners, and a load-bearing wall obtained by calculating the allowable stress level. The arranged solid area is set as one grid, and the entire building is designed by combining a plurality of such grids, the load-bearing wall is nailed to a plurality of vertical pillars with reinforcing plates for vertical construction, and the horizontal construction is The main feature is that it is a horizontal plane in which a horizontal plane reinforcing plate is fitted and nailed and fixed to a lattice set composed of large beams or small beams and grandchild beams. Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.
It should be noted that the overall shape of the grid design method and the shape of each part shown in this embodiment are not limited to the embodiments described below, and are within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention, that is, the same operational effects. It can change within the range of the shape and dimension which can be exhibited.
Example 1
図１から図４及び図６に従って、本発明を説明する。図１は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法の実施例の断面図である。図２は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法の実施例の菅柱及び大引き、または小梁及び孫梁で組まれた格子組を説明する斜視図である。図３は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法の水平構面用強化板の設置の方法を示す斜視図及び断面詳細図である。図４は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法での住宅設計の例を示す平面図及び立面図である。図６は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法での実施例の耐力壁を示す平面詳細図である。 The present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a grid design method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining a lattice set composed of a saddle pole and a large pull, or a small beam and a grandchild beam in an embodiment of the grid design method according to the present invention. 3A and 3B are a perspective view and a detailed cross-sectional view showing a method of installing a horizontal structural reinforcing plate in the grid design method according to the present invention. 4A and 4B are a plan view and an elevation view showing an example of housing design by the grid design method according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a detailed plan view showing a load-bearing wall of an embodiment in the grid design method according to the present invention.
図２（ａ）は該当するグリッドの菅柱及び大引き、または小梁及び孫梁で組まれた格子組を説明する斜視図である。図（ｂ）は該グリッドに直上階を重ねた状態の菅柱及び大引き、または小梁及び孫梁を説明する斜視図である。図３（ａ）は、本発明の水平構面用強化板の設置の方法を示す斜視図である。図３（ｂ）は、大引き、または小梁及び孫梁と水平構面用強化板の構成を示す断面詳細図である。図４（ａ）は、住宅の１階平面図、図４（ｂ）は、２階平面図である。図４（ｃ）は、住宅の桁行き方向の立面図、図４（ｄ）は、住宅の妻側の立面図である。図６（ａ）は、菅柱の間に筋交いを２本入れた耐力壁を示す平面詳細図である。図６（ｂ）は、菅柱の間に筋交いを１本入れた耐力壁を示す平面詳細図である。 FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view for explaining a lattice set formed by a saddle pillar and a large pull, or a small beam and a grandchild beam of a corresponding grid. FIG. 5B is a perspective view for explaining the pole and the large pull, or the small beam and the grandchild beam in a state where the upper floor is superimposed on the grid. Fig.3 (a) is a perspective view which shows the method of installation of the reinforcing plate for horizontal surface structures of this invention. FIG. 3B is a detailed cross-sectional view showing the structure of the pulling or the small beam and the grandchild beam and the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate. 4A is a first floor plan view of the house, and FIG. 4B is a second floor plan view. FIG. 4C is an elevation view of the house in the direction of the girder, and FIG. 4D is an elevation view of the house on the wife side. FIG. 6A is a detailed plan view showing a bearing wall in which two braces are inserted between the pole posts. FIG. 6B is a detailed plan view showing a bearing wall in which one brace is inserted between the pole posts.
まず、グリッド設計法について説明する。グリッド設計法とは、木造の軸組工法における問題点を解決する設計法である。問題点としては、第１に、耐震のための構造計算が筋交いの数を算出するような略式の計算であり、強度確保の根拠が不明確であり、強度過剰な構造となってしまうことがあった。第２に、設計の柔軟性が高い分、部材の共通化が計りにくいため、プレカットにおける労力が重く、また現場で部材の加工を行うこともあり、工期が長引き、コストのアップにつながっていた。第３に、耐震性能を向上させるために壁に入れる筋交いの数を増やす傾向にあり、そのため、断熱材の充填容積が下がってしまい、断熱性能が低下する方向となっていた。 First, the grid design method will be described. The grid design method is a design method for solving problems in the wooden frame construction method. The first problem is that the structural calculation for seismic resistance is a rough calculation that calculates the number of braces, and the basis for securing the strength is unclear, resulting in an overstrength structure. there were. Secondly, because the design flexibility is high, it is difficult to measure the common parts, so the labor for pre-cutting is heavy, and the parts are processed on site, leading to a prolonged construction period and an increase in cost. . Thirdly, there is a tendency to increase the number of braces placed in the wall in order to improve the seismic performance. For this reason, the filling volume of the heat insulating material is lowered, and the heat insulating performance is in the direction of decreasing.
在来軸組工法のこれらの問題点を解決するために、グリッド設計法では、第１に、グリッドで、構造計算を管理する。第２に、各階床の構成を統一し水平構面とする。第３に、使用する部材の寸法を可能な限り均一化する。 In order to solve these problems of the conventional shaft construction method, in the grid design method, first, the structural calculation is managed by the grid. Secondly, the structure of each floor is unified to form a horizontal surface. Third, the dimensions of the members used are made as uniform as possible.
グリッドで、構造計算を管理する内容について説明する。単位領域としては、８畳や４．５畳などの正方形のグリッドが計算上好適であるが、６畳や１０畳などの長方形でも構わない。なお、単位領域が正方形であれば土台及び大引き、または大梁及び小梁に共通の長さの部材を使用できるため、部材の種類が減ることとなり作業工程を簡略化し、且つ剛性の中心と重さの中心を合わせ、構造バランスを安定させることが可能となる。 The contents for managing the structural calculation in the grid will be described. As the unit area, a square grid such as 8 tatami mats or 4.5 tatami mats is suitable for calculation, but a rectangular grid such as 6 tatami mats or 10 tatami mats may be used. If the unit area is a square, members with a common length can be used for the base and the large pull, or the large beam and the small beam, so the types of members are reduced, the work process is simplified, and the rigidity center and weight are reduced. It is possible to stabilize the structural balance by aligning the center of the height.
例えば、８畳をグリッドとする場合、該グリッドを有する木造建築物は該グリッドを含む計画とする。８畳のグリッドとは、単なる観念上のグリッドではなく、実際に８畳の空間として設計する。８畳のグリッドについては、許容応力度計算により上下の水平構面の剛性から、必要な耐力壁の配置、及び構造バランスを検討する。さらに、該木造建築物における他のグリッドについても個別のグリッドごとに許容応力度計算により水平構面、必要な耐力壁の配置、及び構造バランスを検討する。最後に各グリッドを組み合わせ、全体として最適な木造建築物とする。 For example, when an 8 tatami mat is used as a grid, a wooden building having the grid is a plan including the grid. The 8 tatami grid is not just a conceptual grid, but actually designed as an 8 tatami space. For the 8 tatami grid, the necessary load-bearing wall layout and structural balance are examined from the rigidity of the upper and lower horizontal structural surfaces by calculating the allowable stress level. Further, with respect to other grids in the wooden building, the horizontal structural surface, the arrangement of necessary bearing walls, and the structural balance are examined for each individual grid by calculating the allowable stress. Finally, the grids are combined to make an optimal wooden building as a whole.
水平構面の構成の統一、使用する部材の寸法の均一化、については後述する。 The unification of the structure of the horizontal surface and the uniform dimension of the members used will be described later.
グリッド１の構成を説明する。グリッド１は、主に、水平構面２と菅柱８とから構成されている。本設計法による２階建ての場合は、基礎１０の上部に、１階床として水平構面２を配置し、その上部に、太さ寸法の統一された菅柱８を立てる。該菅柱上部に２階床として水平構面２を配置し、該水平構面２上部に太さ寸法の統一された菅柱８を立てる。なお、建物の出隅に配される１階の菅柱８と２階菅柱は引き寄せ金物により接合し、通し柱は使用しない。２階菅柱８上部に、小屋床として水平構面２を配置する。 The configuration of the grid 1 will be described. The grid 1 is mainly composed of a horizontal surface 2 and a pole 8. In the case of a two-story building by this design method, the horizontal construction surface 2 is arranged as the first floor on the upper part of the foundation 10, and the pole 8 with a uniform thickness is erected on the upper part. The horizontal construction surface 2 is arranged as a second floor on the top of the column, and the column 8 having a uniform thickness is erected on the horizontal construction surface 2. Note that the first-floor pole 8 and the second-floor pole placed at the corner of the building are joined together by attracting hardware, and the through pillar is not used. The horizontal construction surface 2 is arranged as a hut floor on the upper part of the second-floor column 8.
２階床及び小屋床を構成する大梁５及び小梁７の成は、各グリッドとも建物全体における最大のグリッドに使用する寸法に合わせる。また、本来床が存在しない小屋下部に水平構面２を設置する。係る水平構面２の重量は在来軸組工法の床に比べ増加することとなるが、建物全体の剛性の中心と重さの中心を合わせることによって構造バランスを取ることが出来、該水平構面２の重量が増えることによる多少の不都合を補う強化とすることが可能となる。 The formation of the large beam 5 and the small beam 7 constituting the second floor and the shed is adjusted to the size used for the largest grid in the entire building. In addition, the horizontal construction surface 2 is installed at the lower part of the hut where the floor does not exist. The weight of the horizontal structural surface 2 is increased compared to the floor of the conventional shaft construction method, but the structural balance can be achieved by aligning the center of rigidity and the center of weight of the entire building. It is possible to strengthen the surface 2 to compensate for some inconvenience due to the increase in weight.
また、２階床及び小屋床を構成する大梁５及び小梁７の成は、各グリッドとも建物全体における最大のグリッドに使用する寸法に合わせるため、各階菅柱８の長さ寸法を同一とすることが可能となる。当階で使用する菅柱８は全て太さ及び長さ寸法共に同一となるため、該菅柱８は場所決めの必要が無く、当階いずれの場所でも使用することが可能となる。 In addition, since the large beams 5 and the small beams 7 constituting the second floor and the hut floor are matched to the dimensions used for the largest grid in the entire building, the length dimensions of the floor pillars 8 are the same. It becomes possible. Since all the pillars 8 used on the floor are the same in thickness and length, the pillars 8 do not need to be located and can be used at any place on the floor.
図１は、グリッド設計法で設計された２階建て住宅の模式的な断面図である。基礎１０の上部に１階床が配置されており、この部分が水平構面２となっている。１階床の水平構面２は、土台４及び大引き１５といった横架材、及び水平構面用強化板３から構成されている。水平構面用強化板３は、該横架材に対して多数の釘６によって、強固に固定されている。水平構面用強化板３の形態については、後述する。 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-story house designed by the grid design method. A first floor is disposed on the upper part of the foundation 10, and this part is the horizontal surface 2. The horizontal surface 2 of the first floor is composed of horizontal members such as a base 4 and a large pull 15 and a reinforcing plate 3 for the horizontal surface. The horizontal structural reinforcement plate 3 is firmly fixed to the horizontal member by a number of nails 6. The form of the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 will be described later.
在来軸組工法では、土台４及び大引き１５の上に根太及び床下地が配置されている。土台４及び大引き１５と根太及び床下地は、釘６によって床下地が外れない程度に固定されている。そのため、床は、水平構面２を構成していない。よって、土台の強度向上のため、火打ち土台などの斜め部材で補強を行う必要がある。 In the conventional shaft assembly method, joists and floor foundations are arranged on the base 4 and the large pull 15. The base 4, the large pull 15, the joists and the floor base are fixed to the extent that the floor base is not removed by the nails 6. Therefore, the floor does not constitute the horizontal surface 2. Therefore, in order to improve the strength of the foundation, it is necessary to reinforce it with an oblique member such as a fired foundation.
１階の水平構面２の上部に、太さ寸法の統一された菅柱８が配置されている。壁に耐力を持たせるために、筋交い９が菅柱８に対して斜めに配置され、該菅柱８に垂直構面用強化板１４が設置される。筋交い９の数は、在来軸組工法よりも少なくできる。垂直構面用強化板１４は、菅柱８に対して多数の釘６によって、強固に固定されている。 On the upper part of the horizontal construction surface 2 on the first floor, a pole 8 having a uniform thickness is arranged. In order to give strength to the wall, the braces 9 are arranged obliquely with respect to the column 8, and the vertical construction surface reinforcing plate 14 is installed on the column 8. The number of braces 9 can be smaller than that of the conventional shaft assembly method. The vertical construction surface reinforcing plate 14 is firmly fixed to the column 8 by a number of nails 6.
筋交い９の数を減らすことによって、断熱効果を向上させることが出来る。本実施例の耐力壁において、２本の菅柱８の間に筋交い９がたすき掛けに２本設置された場合、図６（ａ）のように、該菅柱８の間に該筋交い９が、紙面上、上下に配置される。該菅柱８の外気側には外壁が設置され、該菅柱８の部屋側には垂直構面用強化板１４が設置される。筋交い９がたすき掛けに２本入る菅柱８の間に断熱材１３を入れようとすると、該筋交い９の厚さが問題となる。例えば柱８の寸法が１０５ｍｍ、筋交い９の寸法が４５ｍｍの場合、断熱材１３の厚さは、１５ｍｍ以下のものしか使用できなくなる。 By reducing the number of braces 9, the heat insulation effect can be improved. In the bearing wall of the present embodiment, when two bracings 9 are installed between the two vertical pillars 8 as shown in FIG. 6A, the bracings 9 are provided between the vertical pillars 8 as shown in FIG. , Arranged on the paper up and down. An outer wall is installed on the outside air side of the column 8, and a vertical structural reinforcement plate 14 is installed on the room side of the column 8. If it is going to insert the heat insulating material 13 between the vertical pillars 8 in which the braces 9 are put into the rack, the thickness of the braces 9 becomes a problem. For example, when the dimension of the pillar 8 is 105 mm and the dimension of the brace 9 is 45 mm, the thickness of the heat insulating material 13 can only be 15 mm or less.
それに対して、図６（ｂ）のように、筋交い９が１本の場合は、断熱材１３の厚さは６０ｍｍまで厚くできる。このように、筋交い９を減らすことで、断熱材１３の充填領域を確保することができるため、壁の断熱効果を大きく向上させることが出来る。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the bracing 9 is one, the thickness of the heat insulating material 13 can be increased to 60 mm. Thus, since the filling area | region of the heat insulating material 13 can be ensured by reducing the bracing 9, the heat insulation effect of a wall can be improved significantly.
１階の菅柱８の上部には、２階の床が配置されており、この部分が水平構面２となっている。この部分は、１階の天井であると同時に２階の床である。水平構面２は、大梁５、小梁７、孫梁１６といった横架材、及び水平構面用強化板３から構成されている。水平構面用強化板３は、該横架材に対して多数の釘６によって、強固に固定されている。 A floor on the second floor is arranged on the upper part of the first pillar 8 on the first floor. This part is the first floor ceiling and the second floor at the same time. The horizontal structural surface 2 is composed of horizontal members such as a large beam 5, a small beam 7, and a grandchild beam 16, and a horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3. The horizontal structural reinforcement plate 3 is firmly fixed to the horizontal member by a number of nails 6.
在来軸組工法では、大梁と小梁の上に床下地が配置されている。大梁及び小梁と床下地は、釘６によって、床下地が外れない程度に固定されている。そのため、床は、水平構面２を構成していない。よって、梁の強度アップのため、火打ち梁などの斜め部材で補強を行う必要がある。 In the conventional frame construction method, the floor foundation is arranged on the large beam and the small beam. The large beam, the small beam, and the floor base are fixed by the nails 6 to such an extent that the floor base does not come off. Therefore, the floor does not constitute the horizontal surface 2. Therefore, in order to increase the strength of the beam, it is necessary to reinforce with an oblique member such as a fired beam.
２階の菅柱８及び筋交い９の構造は、１階の菅柱８及び筋交い９の構造と同様である。２階の菅柱８の上部に、小屋床が配置され、この部分が水平構面２となっている。この部分は、２階の天井であると共に小屋の床である。水平構面２の構成は、２階の床の構成と同じく、大梁５、小梁７、孫梁１６といった横架材及び水平構面用強化板３から構成され、該水平構面用強化板３は、該横架材に対して多数の釘６によって、強固に固定されている。 The structure of the second pillar 8 and the brace 9 is the same as the structure of the first pillar 8 and the brace 9 on the first floor. A hut floor is arranged on the upper part of the pole 8 on the second floor, and this portion is the horizontal surface 2. This part is the ceiling of the second floor and the floor of the hut. The horizontal construction surface 2 is composed of horizontal members such as the large beam 5, the small beam 7, and the grandchild beam 16 and the horizontal construction surface reinforcing plate 3, similar to the construction of the floor on the second floor. 3 is firmly fixed to the horizontal member by a number of nails 6.
在来軸組工法では、小屋梁から２階の天井としての板材が吊るされている。板材は、単なる仕切りであり、鉛直荷重を支えられない。また、小屋梁と天井は、釘６によって、天井が落ちない程度に固定されている。そのため、天井は水平構面２を構成していない。よって、梁の強度アップのため、火打ち梁などの斜め部材で補強を行う必要がある。 In the conventional shaft assembly method, a plate material as a ceiling on the second floor is suspended from a roof beam. The plate material is merely a partition and cannot support a vertical load. Further, the roof beam and the ceiling are fixed by the nail 6 so that the ceiling does not fall. Therefore, the ceiling does not constitute the horizontal surface 2. Therefore, in order to increase the strength of the beam, it is necessary to reinforce with an oblique member such as a fired beam.
小屋床上部に小屋を組む。在来軸組工法において一般的に小屋を組む場合、小屋下部に床が存在しないため作業員は小屋梁の上で危険な作業を強いられる。該小屋床上部に小屋を組む場合、足の踏み外しによる転落事故、若しくは工具や資材などを落とし直下階で作業している作業員に怪我を負わせる事故等を防ぐことが可能となる。また、該小屋床上で小屋を地組することが可能となり安全且つ効率的に作業することができる。 Build a shed on the top of the shed. When building a hut in the conventional shaft assembling method, a worker is forced to perform dangerous work on the shed beam because there is no floor at the lower part of the shed. When a hut is built on the upper part of the hut floor, it is possible to prevent a fall accident caused by stepping off a foot or an accident in which an operator working on the lower floor is injured by dropping tools or materials. In addition, it is possible to lay the shed on the shed floor, and it is possible to work safely and efficiently.
小屋組上部には、野地板１１が配置されている。野地板１１の上に、瓦など屋根の仕上げ材が配置される。在来軸組工法において一般的に屋根を施工する場合、作業者は、小屋や母屋の上で危険な作業を強いられる。該小屋組上部に屋根を施工する場合、小屋下部に床が存在するため足の踏み外しによる転落事故、若しくは工具や屋根材などを落とし直下階で作業している作業員にけがを負わせる事故等を防ぐことが可能となる。また、該小屋床上で野地板１１や屋根材を仮置きすることが可能となり安全且つ効率的に作業することができる。 A field plate 11 is arranged in the upper part of the hut assembly. A roof finishing material such as a tile is disposed on the base plate 11. In general, when a roof is constructed in a conventional shaft construction method, an operator is forced to perform dangerous work on a shed or a main building. When constructing a roof in the upper part of the hut assembly, there is a floor at the lower part of the shed, so there is a fall accident due to a footstepping, or an accident that injures a worker who works on the floor immediately below by dropping tools or roofing materials, etc. Can be prevented. Moreover, it becomes possible to temporarily place the base plate 11 and the roofing material on the shed floor, and it is possible to work safely and efficiently.
図２の斜視図を用いて、柱、梁などの構成を説明する。水平構面用強化板３及び筋交い９等は、説明のため、除いてある。１階床、２階床、小屋床は、ほぼ同様の構成となっている。土台４又は大梁５が水平構面２の周囲を囲み、内側に複数の大引き１５又は小梁７及び孫梁１６を直交させて格子組を構成している。 The configuration of pillars, beams, etc. will be described using the perspective view of FIG. The horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 and the bracing 9 are omitted for the sake of explanation. The first floor, the second floor, and the cabin floor have substantially the same configuration. A base 4 or a large beam 5 surrounds the periphery of the horizontal structural surface 2, and a plurality of large pulls 15 or small beams 7 and grandchild beams 16 are orthogonal to each other to form a lattice set.
各水平構面における格子組された横架材の成は可能な限り均一化されている。土台４及び大引き１５の寸法は統一され、また大梁５及び小梁７の成は建物全体における最大のグリッドに使用する寸法に統一されており、プレカット（事前に加工された）部材を使用する。孫梁１６については最少の成の部材を使用することが出来る。また、大梁５及び小梁７の成は建物全体における最大の単位領域に使用する寸法に統一されるため、菅柱８の長さ寸法を統一することが可能となる。該菅柱８は、幅及び長さ寸法が統一されたプレカット部材を使用する。同一寸法の部材を多用することによって、構造を単純化し工期を大幅に短縮すると共に、建物全体の剛性の中心と重さの中心が合う構造バランスの取れた建物とすることが可能となる。 The formation of the grid-structured horizontal members on each horizontal surface is made as uniform as possible. The dimensions of the base 4 and the large draw 15 are unified, and the formation of the large beam 5 and the small beam 7 is unified to the dimensions used for the largest grid in the entire building, and uses pre-cut (pre-processed) members. . The smallest member can be used for the grandchild beam 16. Moreover, since the formation of the large beam 5 and the small beam 7 is unified to the size used for the maximum unit area in the entire building, it is possible to unify the length of the column 8. The vertical column 8 uses a pre-cut member having a uniform width and length. By using many members of the same size, the structure can be simplified and the construction period can be greatly shortened, and a building having a well-balanced structure in which the center of rigidity and the center of weight of the entire building match can be achieved.
図４に沿って、グリッドの構成について説明する。この実施例では、グリッドを４．５畳、７．５畳及び８畳としている。図４（ａ）は、１階平面図であり、紙面上で右上が玄関、中央部分上部は吹き抜けである。１階においてグリッド１に出来る範囲は、Ｇ１、Ｇ２、Ｇ３、Ｇ４、Ｇ５又はＧ６の６箇所である。そこで、Ｇ１からＧ６について独立したグリッドとして許容応力度計算し水平構面２に使用する横架材の成及び耐力壁の配置を検討後、各グリッドを最終的に組み合わせ設計する。 The configuration of the grid will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the grid is 4.5 tatami mats, 7.5 tatami mats, and 8 tatami mats. FIG. 4A is a plan view of the first floor, where the upper right is the entrance and the upper part of the central portion is the atrium. The range that can be made into the grid 1 on the first floor is six locations of G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 or G6. Therefore, after calculating the allowable stress level as independent grids for G1 to G6 and examining the composition of the horizontal members used for the horizontal construction surface 2 and the arrangement of the bearing walls, the respective grids are finally combined and designed.
図４（ｂ）は、２階平面図であり、中央部分は吹き抜けである。２階においてグリッド１に出来る範囲は、Ｇ７、Ｇ８、Ｇ９、Ｇ１０又はＧ１１の５箇所である。そこで、Ｇ７からＧ１１について独立したグリッドとして許容応力度計算し水平構面２に使用する横架材の成及び耐力壁の配置を検討後、各グリッドを最終的に組み合わせ設計する。 FIG.4 (b) is a 2nd floor top view, and a center part is an atrium. On the second floor, the range that can be made on the grid 1 is G7, G8, G9, G10, or G11. Therefore, after calculating the allowable stress level as independent grids for G7 to G11 and examining the composition of the horizontal members used for the horizontal construction surface 2 and the arrangement of the bearing walls, the respective grids are finally combined and designed.
図４（ｃ）及び図４（ｄ）は、立面図であり、グリッド１の位置を示している。Ｇ３、Ｇ４、Ｇ５及びＧ６は１階におけるグリッド１であり、Ｇ９、Ｇ１０及びＧ１１は２階におけるグリッド１である。この実施例は、建物全体がグリッドで構成されるので、グリッド設計法の効果を最大限発揮することが可能である。 4 (c) and 4 (d) are elevational views showing the position of the grid 1. FIG. G3, G4, G5 and G6 are grids 1 on the first floor, and G9, G10 and G11 are grids 1 on the second floor. In this embodiment, since the entire building is composed of a grid, it is possible to maximize the effects of the grid design method.
図３に沿って、水平構面２の構成の詳細を説明する。図３（ａ）は水平構面２の分解模式図である。水平構面２は、横架材及び水平構面用強化板３とからなる。１階の横架材は、土台４に対し大引き１５を複数本内側に直交するように格子組を構成し、また２以上の階における横架材は、大梁５に対し小梁７を複数本内側に直交させ、さらに該小梁７対し孫梁１６を直交するように格子組を構成する。該格子組の上部開口部毎に該開口部を覆うように水平構面用強化板３を釘着する。 Details of the configuration of the horizontal surface 2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A is an exploded schematic view of the horizontal surface 2. The horizontal structural surface 2 includes a horizontal member and a horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3. The horizontal member on the first floor forms a lattice set so that a plurality of large pulls 15 are perpendicular to the inside of the base 4, and the horizontal member on two or more floors has a plurality of small beams 7 with respect to the large beam 5. The lattice set is configured so as to be orthogonal to the inner side of the book and further to the small beam 7 and the grandchild beam 16 being orthogonal. The reinforcing plate 3 for horizontal construction is nailed so as to cover the opening for each upper opening of the lattice set.
水平構面用強化板３は、図３（ｂ）に示すように、周縁が段差部３０１を有し、前記横架材の側面７０１に当接することで、開口部を密着して塞ぎ、上から釘６によって固定する。釘６は、１辺あたり１０本前後打ち込まれる。これによって、該横架材及び該水平構面用強化板３は、水平構面２を構成することになる。また、水平構面用強化板３は、周縁下部３０１が前記横架材の側面７０１に当接するため、従来使用される床下地用合板よりも厚く出来、水平構面２の強度を確保することが可能となる。 As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 has a stepped portion 301 at its periphery, and comes into close contact with the side surface 701 of the horizontal member to close and close the opening. And fixed with a nail 6. About 10 nails 6 are driven per side. Thus, the horizontal member and the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 constitute the horizontal structural surface 2. Further, the horizontal construction surface reinforcing plate 3 can be made thicker than a conventionally used floor base plywood because the lower peripheral edge 301 abuts against the side surface 701 of the horizontal member, and the strength of the horizontal construction surface 2 is ensured. Is possible.
また、水平構面用強化板３の周縁が段差部３０１を有さない場合、地震などでの水平構面２のゆがみを釘６による固定のみで防ぐことになり、十分な強度が保てない。しかし、周縁が段差部３０１を有し、前記横架材の側面７０１と常に当接している場合においては、水平構面用強化板３でゆがみを防ぐ効果を出すことが出来、水平構面２の強度を確保することが可能となる。 Further, when the peripheral edge of the horizontal structure reinforcing plate 3 does not have the stepped portion 301, the horizontal structure 2 is prevented from being distorted only by fixing with the nail 6 due to an earthquake or the like, and sufficient strength cannot be maintained. . However, in the case where the peripheral edge has the step portion 301 and is always in contact with the side surface 701 of the horizontal member, the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 can exert an effect of preventing distortion, and the horizontal structural surface 2 It is possible to ensure the strength of the.
また、段差部の別構成として、前記横架材が段差部を有することも考えられるが、釘６を打つ場所が狭くなり、水平構面用強化板３と前記横架材を十分固定することが出来ない。また、水平構面用強化板３の強度を増すために該水平構面用強化板３の厚さを増す場合、前記横架材の段差部が細長くなり、該横架材の断面欠損が増え強度不足となってしまう。そのため、水平構面用強化板３が段差部３０１を有することが好適である。 Further, as another configuration of the stepped portion, the horizontal member may have a stepped portion, but a place where the nail 6 is hit is narrowed, and the horizontal structure reinforcing plate 3 and the horizontal member are sufficiently fixed. I can not. Further, when the thickness of the horizontal structural reinforcement plate 3 is increased in order to increase the strength of the horizontal structural reinforcement plate 3, the step portion of the horizontal member becomes elongated and the cross-sectional defect of the horizontal member increases. Insufficient strength. Therefore, it is preferable that the horizontal structural reinforcement plate 3 has a stepped portion 301.
上記のように、本発明によって、以下の効果を得ることが出来る。
係る木造建築物はグリッドで構成されるため、各グリッドごとに許容応力度計算を行い、耐力壁を、バランスよく配置することが出来るため、能率的に耐震等級３を得ることができる。また、従来の略式壁量計算よりも構造的な精度を向上させることで、耐震性の向上を図ることが出来る。
As described above, the following effects can be obtained by the present invention.
Since such a wooden building is composed of grids, the allowable stress level is calculated for each grid, and the bearing walls can be arranged in a balanced manner, so that the earthquake resistance grade 3 can be obtained efficiently. In addition, it is possible to improve the earthquake resistance by improving the structural accuracy as compared with the conventional approximate wall amount calculation.
また、１階床の水平構面を統一し、２階床及び小屋床の水平構面を統一することで、構造が単純化され、火打ち土台及び火打ち梁を減らすことが出来、設計及び施工の効率を上げることが出来る。さらに、使用する部材の寸法を可能な限り均一化することにより、プレカットの省力化及び現場作業の効率化を達成し、工期短縮とコストの削減を図ることが出来、さらに、建物全体の剛性の中心と重さの中心の合う構造バランスの取れた木造建築物とすることが可能となる。 In addition, by unifying the horizontal structure of the first floor and unifying the horizontal structure of the second floor and the hut floor, the structure can be simplified, and the number of firebeds and beams can be reduced. Efficiency can be increased. Furthermore, by making the dimensions of the components used as uniform as possible, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of precutting, improve the efficiency of on-site work, reduce the work period and reduce costs, and further improve the rigidity of the entire building. It becomes possible to make a wooden building with a balanced structure where the center and the center of weight match.
また、床を水平構面とすることにより、耐力壁の数を減らすことが出来、間仕切り壁で部屋のレイアウトなどの空間の可変性を向上させることができる。 Further, by making the floor a horizontal surface, the number of bearing walls can be reduced, and the variability of the space such as the layout of the room can be improved by the partition walls.
また、耐力壁の筋交いの数も減らすことが出来るので、耐力壁内の断熱材の充填をより均一化することにより、断熱性の向上を図ることが出来る。 In addition, since the number of bracings of the load-bearing walls can be reduced, the heat insulation can be improved by making the filling of the heat insulating material in the load-bearing walls more uniform.
また、大梁及び小梁の成の寸法が全て統一されるため菅柱の長さ寸法が全て統一される。太さ及び長さ寸法の統一された菅柱を使用可能なため、プレカットの大幅な省力化を実現し、さらに作業現場においては菅柱の場所決めの必要が無くなり作業効率を大幅に上げることが可能となる。 In addition, since all the dimensions of the large beam and the small beam are unified, the length dimensions of the column are all unified. Since it is possible to use a pole with a uniform thickness and length, it is possible to save a lot of pre-cutting, and there is no need to determine the location of the pole at the work site, which can greatly increase work efficiency. It becomes possible.
また、小屋床を水平構面とすることで、小屋を組む作業や屋根を葺く工程において小屋床の上で作業をすることが可能となる。在来軸組工法において一般的に小屋を組む作業や屋根を葺く工程において、小屋下部に床が存在しないため作業員は小屋梁や母屋の上で危険な作業を強いられるのに対し、小屋床が存在する場合、該小屋床上で安全且つ効率的に作業することができる。 In addition, by setting the hut floor to a horizontal surface, it is possible to work on the hut floor in the process of building a hut or the process of rolling the roof. In the work of building a hut in the conventional shaft construction method and the process of roofing, because there is no floor at the bottom of the shed, workers are forced to perform dangerous work on the shed beams and the main house, whereas the shed When a floor is present, it is possible to work safely and efficiently on the cabin floor.
また、小屋床が水平構面であることから、小屋裏空間を小屋裏収納等として有効利用することも容易である。
（実施例２）
Further, since the hut floor has a horizontal surface, it is easy to effectively use the shed space as shed storage.
(Example 2)
他の実施例について図５を用いて説明する。実施例１と同様の部分は省略する。
図５は、本発明に係るグリッド設計法での他の実施例を示す断面詳細図である。図５（ａ）は、水平構面２の下部に板材１２を配置し、断熱材１３を中空に配置した図である。図５（ｂ）は、水平構面２の下部に水平構面用強化板３を配置し、断熱材１３を中空に配置した図である。
Another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Parts similar to those in the first embodiment are omitted.
FIG. 5 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the grid design method according to the present invention. FIG. 5A is a view in which the plate material 12 is arranged at the lower part of the horizontal construction surface 2 and the heat insulating material 13 is arranged in a hollow state. FIG. 5B is a diagram in which the horizontal structural surface reinforcing plate 3 is disposed below the horizontal structural surface 2 and the heat insulating material 13 is disposed hollow.
水平構面２内への断熱材１３の均一に充填可能な構成を説明する。
図５（ａ）に示すように、水平構面２の底面に板材１２を配置することによって、水平構面２は、板材１２と水平構面用強化板３で挟まれた中空構造となる。そこで、断熱材１３を水平構面２の内部に充填することで、断熱効果を向上させることが出来る。水平構面２の下部に設置される板材１２は、前記断熱材１３が落下しない程度に釘６で固定される。
A configuration capable of uniformly filling the heat insulating material 13 into the horizontal surface 2 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5A, by arranging the plate material 12 on the bottom surface of the horizontal composition surface 2, the horizontal composition surface 2 has a hollow structure sandwiched between the plate material 12 and the horizontal composition surface reinforcing plate 3. Then, the heat insulation effect can be improved by filling the inside of the horizontal surface 2 with the heat insulating material 13. The plate material 12 installed at the lower part of the horizontal construction surface 2 is fixed by the nail 6 to such an extent that the heat insulating material 13 does not fall.
また、図５（ｂ）に示すように、大梁、小梁及び孫梁といった横架材の成を統一寸法とした場合、水平構面２の底面にも水平構面用強化板３を配置することが可能となる。係る構成を採用した場合、水平構面２は、水平構面用強化板３同士で挟まれた中空構造となるため、係る中空構造部に断熱材１３を充填することで断熱効果を向上させることが出来る。また、水平構面２の下部も水平構面用強化板３で固定されることから、水平構面２の強度が向上し、使用する横架材の成を小さく出来、該水平構面の厚さを薄くすることが可能となる。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the horizontal members such as the large beam, the small beam, and the grandchild beam have the same dimensions, the horizontal structural reinforcing plate 3 is also arranged on the bottom surface of the horizontal structural surface 2. It becomes possible. When such a configuration is adopted, the horizontal construction surface 2 has a hollow structure sandwiched between the horizontal construction surface reinforcing plates 3, so that the heat insulation effect is improved by filling the hollow structure portion with the heat insulating material 13. I can do it. Further, since the lower portion of the horizontal surface 2 is also fixed by the horizontal surface reinforcing plate 3, the strength of the horizontal surface 2 can be improved, the horizontal material used can be reduced, and the thickness of the horizontal surface can be reduced. The thickness can be reduced.
本発明によって、下記の効果を得ることが出来る。
１階床、２階床、小屋床に、隙間無く断熱材を充填することが可能となり、１階床下から小屋裏まで、断熱性が向上し、省エネの効果を高めることが出来る。
According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
The first floor, the second floor, and the hut floor can be filled with a heat insulating material without any gap, and the heat insulation is improved from the bottom of the first floor to the back of the hut, thereby enhancing the energy saving effect.
本発明に係るグリッド設計法は、木造建築物の軸組工法についての産業上の利用可能性は大きいと解する。 It is understood that the grid design method according to the present invention has great industrial applicability for the wooden frame construction method.
１ グリッド
２ 水平構面
３ 水平構面用強化板
４ 土台
５ 大梁
６ 釘
７ 小梁
８ 菅柱
９ 筋交
１０ 基礎
１１ 野地板
１２ 板材
１３ 断熱材
１４ 垂直構面用強化板
１５ 大引き
１６ 孫梁
Ｇ グリッド単位
３０１ 段差部
７０１ 側面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grid 2 Horizontal construction surface 3 Horizontal construction surface reinforcement board 4 Base 5 Large beam 6 Nail 7 Small beam 8 Pillar 9 Bracing 10 Foundation 11 Base plate 12 Board material 13 Thermal insulation material 14 Vertical construction surface reinforcement board 15 Large drawing 16 Grandchild Beam G Grid unit 301 Stepped portion 701 Side
Claims (4)
二層以上の水平構面を備え、
該水平構面は、直交する横架材で組まれた格子組と水平構面用強化板とが嵌合によって固定されて成り、
該嵌合は前記水平構面用強化板の縁部に段差部を有し、
該段差部の垂直面と断面形状が矩形である前記横架材の側面とが当接して嵌め合い、
前記水平構面と此れを四隅で支持する菅柱との関係において、
許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、
係るグリッドの組み合わせによる設計手段を主として建築物全体を製造する
ことを特徴とするグリッド設計法に基づく木造建築物の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the building by the wooden frame construction method, it has two or more horizontal construction surfaces,
The horizontal construction surface is formed by fixing a lattice assembly composed of orthogonal horizontal members and a horizontal construction surface reinforcing plate by fitting,
The fitting has a stepped portion at the edge of the horizontal surface reinforcing plate,
The vertical surface of the stepped portion and the side surface of the horizontal member whose cross-sectional shape is rectangular come into contact with each other ,
In the relationship between the horizontal surface and the pillar supporting it at the four corners,
The solid area where the bearing walls obtained from the allowable stress calculation are arranged as one grid,
A method for manufacturing a wooden building based on a grid design method, characterized in that the entire building is manufactured mainly by a design means by a combination of such grids.
二層以上の水平構面を備え、
該水平構面は、直交する横架材で組まれた格子組と水平構面用強化板とが嵌合によって固定されて成り、
該嵌合は前記水平構面用強化板の縁部に段差部を有し、
該段差部の垂直面と断面形状が矩形である前記横架材の側面とが当接して嵌め合い、
前記水平構面と此れを四隅で支持する菅柱との関係において、
許容応力度計算から求められる耐力壁を配置した立体領域であって、
平面視において正方である立体領域を一つのグリッドとし、
係るグリッドの組み合わせによる設計手段を主として建築物全体を製造する
ことを特徴とするグリッド設計法に基づく木造建築物の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the building by the wooden frame construction method, it has two or more horizontal construction surfaces,
The horizontal construction surface is formed by fixing a lattice assembly composed of orthogonal horizontal members and a horizontal construction surface reinforcing plate by fitting,
The fitting has a stepped portion at the edge of the horizontal surface reinforcing plate,
The vertical surface of the stepped portion and the side surface of the horizontal member whose cross-sectional shape is rectangular come into contact with each other ,
In the relationship between the horizontal surface and the pillar supporting it at the four corners,
It is a three-dimensional region in which a bearing wall is obtained from the allowable stress calculation,
A solid area that is square in plan view is taken as one grid,
A method for manufacturing a wooden building based on a grid design method, characterized in that the entire building is manufactured mainly by a design means by a combination of such grids.
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| JP2022034464A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社アシストジャパン | Construction method of building structure creating open indoor space capable of being divided freely |
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| JPH01207562A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-21 | Oyo Kikaku:Kk | Double floor structure and member for double floor |
| JPH01315539A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-20 | Natl House Ind Co Ltd | Setting part structure for floor panel |
| JPH04182556A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-06-30 | Yoshida Yasushi | Floor framing unit |
| JPH05340069A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1993-12-21 | Higashi Nippon House Kk | Method for fitting floor panel |
| JPH07317192A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-05 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Floor structure for wooden building |
| JPH10131369A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-05-19 | Hikari Kensetsu:Kk | Bearing ceiling wall and bering floor wall of wooden house |
| JP2000008489A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-01-11 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of house unit and execution method of unit house |
| JP2003313941A (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-06 | Soogo:Kk | Panel for building and construction method for wooden building |
| JP2007040039A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Takahashi Shinkichi Kenchiku Kenkyusho:Kk | Joint structure of horizontal member and panel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01207562A (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1989-08-21 | Oyo Kikaku:Kk | Double floor structure and member for double floor |
| JPH01315539A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-20 | Natl House Ind Co Ltd | Setting part structure for floor panel |
| JPH04182556A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-06-30 | Yoshida Yasushi | Floor framing unit |
| JPH05340069A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1993-12-21 | Higashi Nippon House Kk | Method for fitting floor panel |
| JPH07317192A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-12-05 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Floor structure for wooden building |
| JPH10131369A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-05-19 | Hikari Kensetsu:Kk | Bearing ceiling wall and bering floor wall of wooden house |
| JP2000008489A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2000-01-11 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of house unit and execution method of unit house |
| JP2003313941A (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-06 | Soogo:Kk | Panel for building and construction method for wooden building |
| JP2007040039A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Takahashi Shinkichi Kenchiku Kenkyusho:Kk | Joint structure of horizontal member and panel |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022034464A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社アシストジャパン | Construction method of building structure creating open indoor space capable of being divided freely |
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| JP2017053137A (en) | 2017-03-16 |
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