JP5943261B2 - Tillage nail - Google Patents

Tillage nail Download PDF

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JP5943261B2
JP5943261B2 JP2014052707A JP2014052707A JP5943261B2 JP 5943261 B2 JP5943261 B2 JP 5943261B2 JP 2014052707 A JP2014052707 A JP 2014052707A JP 2014052707 A JP2014052707 A JP 2014052707A JP 5943261 B2 JP5943261 B2 JP 5943261B2
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blade portion
blade
horizontal blade
line
horizontal
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JP2015173634A (en
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森　信二
信二 森
泰幸 山崎
泰幸 山崎
哲朗 吉良川
哲朗 吉良川
豊章 三宮
豊章 三宮
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Taiyo Co Ltd
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Taiyo Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/08—Tools; Details, e.g. adaptations of transmissions or gearings
    • A01B33/10—Structural or functional features of the tools ; Theoretical aspects of the cutting action
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Description

本発明は、土壌を耕起する耕耘爪に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a tilling nail that cultivates soil.

従来の耕耘爪の形状として、図３に示すような平面視及び側面視形状（ただし、回転爪軸の軸線方向を法線とする面を側面とする。）のものがあった。当該耕耘爪は、基部１０と、基部１０から横刃先端部湾曲開始部Ｆまでの平面板からなる縦刃部２０と、横刃先端部湾曲開始部Ｆを境として連なって伸び、一方向に曲率半径ｒにて湾曲する湾曲板からなる横刃部３０とを備えてなるものである（特許文献１参照）。   As a shape of the conventional tilling nail, there existed the shape of planar view and side view as shown in FIG. 3 (however, the surface which makes the normal line the axial direction of a rotation nail axis | shaft is made into a side surface). The tilling nail extends from the base 10, the vertical blade portion 20 made of a flat plate from the base 10 to the horizontal blade tip portion curve start portion F, and the horizontal blade tip portion curve start portion F as a boundary, and extends in one direction. And a horizontal blade portion 30 made of a curved plate that is curved at a radius of curvature r (see Patent Document 1).

特許第４４２３６３９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4423639

しかしながら、上記耕耘爪においては、横刃先端部湾曲開始部Ｆが直線状に形成されており、横刃部３０の摩耗が進行し、刃縁部が背部側へと近づくにつれて刃縁部の仰角が大きくなってしまうものである。以下に、仰角についてより詳細に説明する。   However, in the above-mentioned tilling claw, the horizontal blade tip portion curve start portion F is formed in a straight line, and the wear angle of the horizontal blade portion 30 advances, so that the angle of elevation of the blade edge portion approaches the blade edge portion toward the back side. Will become larger. Hereinafter, the elevation angle will be described in more detail.

当該耕耘爪において、同図に示すように、回転爪軸Ｓの回転軸線Ｓ０を法線とする面を側面とし、平面視にて基部１０の面を基準として、一方向に湾曲する基準面からの高さを全湾曲高さＨ１とする。そして、全湾曲高さＨ１の中間位置であって、横刃部３０の厚さの中間位置である中点Ｊを通ってなる横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆに平行な線を平行線Ｆ１とする。そして、当該平行線Ｆ１と刃縁中心との交点を刃縁交点Ｋとしたとき、刃縁交点Ｋと回転軸線Ｓ０とを結ぶ線Ｔと、平行線Ｆ１とのなす角度を第１仰角αとする。   In the tillage nail, as shown in the figure, from a reference surface that is curved in one direction with the surface having the rotation axis S0 of the rotation nail shaft S as a normal as a side surface and the surface of the base 10 in a plan view. Is the total bending height H1. A line parallel to the horizontal blade portion bending start portion F, which is an intermediate position of the total bending height H1 and passes through the middle point J, which is an intermediate position of the thickness of the horizontal blade portion 30, is defined as a parallel line F1. . When the intersection between the parallel line F1 and the blade edge center is defined as the blade edge intersection K, the angle between the line T connecting the blade edge intersection K and the rotation axis S0 and the parallel line F1 is defined as a first elevation angle α. To do.

また、平行線Ｆ１と横刃部３０の上端縁中心との交点を上端縁交点Ｍとしたとき、上端縁交点Ｍから下方の所定距離に位置し、且つ、前記平行線Ｆ１上に位置する使用限界点Ｎと回転軸線Ｓ０とを結ぶ線Ｔ１と、平行線Ｆ１とのなす角度を第２仰角βとする。   Further, when the intersection between the parallel line F1 and the center of the upper edge of the horizontal blade portion 30 is defined as the upper edge intersection M, the use is located at a predetermined distance below the upper edge intersection M and on the parallel line F1. An angle formed by a line T1 connecting the limit point N and the rotation axis S0 and the parallel line F1 is defined as a second elevation angle β.

このとき、第１仰角αは、横刃部３０における耕耘開始前（刃縁が摩耗していない状態）の仰角を示すものであり、第２仰角βは、刃部における使用限界時の仰角を示すものである。上記耕耘爪において、例えば、上端縁交点Ｍから下方２０ｍｍに位置する点を使用限界点Ｎとしたとき、耕耘開始前の第１仰角αが３９度であるのに対して、刃部における使用限界時の第２仰角βが５１度となってしまうものである。これにより、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性の低下が顕著に見られるものであった。   At this time, the first elevation angle α indicates the elevation angle of the horizontal blade portion 30 before starting tilling (the edge of the blade is not worn), and the second elevation angle β is the elevation angle at the use limit of the blade portion. It is shown. In the above-mentioned tilling nail, for example, when a point located 20 mm below the upper edge crossing point M is defined as a use limit point N, the first elevation angle α before the start of tilling is 39 degrees, whereas the use limit in the blade portion The second elevation angle β at the time becomes 51 degrees. Thereby, the reversibility, the squeezing property, and the crushed property were remarkably reduced.

そこで、本発明はこのような問題点を解決するものであって、使用限界時までの刃縁部における仰角の角度変化を抑え、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性に優れた耕耘性能を発揮する耕耘爪を提供することを課題とする。   Therefore, the present invention solves such problems, suppresses the angle change of the elevation angle at the edge of the blade up to the limit of use, and exhibits excellent tillage performance with reversibility, squeezing property, and soil breaking property. It is an object to provide a tilling nail.

前記問題点を解決するために、本発明の請求項１に記載の耕耘爪は、回転爪軸に装着される基部と、前記基部から鉛直下方に連なって伸びる横刃部湾曲開始部までの平面板からなる縦刃部と、前記縦刃部から回転方向と逆方向に湾曲するとともに、前記基部に対して一方向に湾曲してなり、前記横刃部湾曲開始部を境として連なって伸びる湾曲板からなる横刃部とを備える耕耘爪において、前記横刃部湾曲開始部は、折曲中心を中心とした折曲半径の円弧状からなり、前記回転爪軸の回転軸線を法線とする面を側面とし、平面視にて前記基部の面を基準として一方向に湾曲する基準面からの全湾曲高さの中間位置であって、前記横刃部の厚さの中間位置である中点を通ってなり、前記横刃部内における前記横刃部湾曲開始部上の任意の点を通る前記横刃部湾曲開始部の接線に平行な線を平行線とし、前記平行線に対して接する折曲中心を中心とした折曲半径の接円弧と刃縁中心との交点を刃縁交点としたとき、前記刃縁交点と前記回転軸線とを結ぶ線と、前記刃縁交点を通る前記接円弧の第１接線とのなす角度を前記横刃部における耕耘開始時の第１仰角とし、前記接円弧と上端縁中心との交点を上端縁交点としたとき、前記上端縁交点から下方の所定距離に位置し、且つ、前記接円弧上に位置する使用限界点と前記回転軸線とを結ぶ線と、前記使用限界点を通る前記接円弧の第２接線とのなす角度を使用限界時の第２仰角とし、前記第１仰角と前記第２仰角との角度変化を５度以内に設定することを特徴とするものである。 In order to solve the above problems, a tilling claw according to claim 1 of the present invention is a flat part extending from the base part to the horizontal blade part curve starting part extending vertically downward from the base part. A vertical blade portion made of a face plate, and a curve that curves in a direction opposite to the rotation direction from the vertical blade portion and is curved in one direction with respect to the base, and extends continuously from the horizontal blade portion curve start portion. In a tilling claw provided with a horizontal blade portion made of a plate, the horizontal blade portion curve starting portion has an arc shape with a bending radius centered on the bending center, and the rotation axis of the rotary claw shaft is a normal line A midpoint that is an intermediate position of the total bending height from a reference surface that is curved in one direction with the surface as a side surface and is planar with respect to the surface of the base portion in plan view, and is an intermediate position of the thickness of the horizontal blade portion Pass through any point on the bending start portion of the horizontal blade portion in the horizontal blade portion. A line parallel to the tangent of the horizontal blade curve start portion is defined as a parallel line, and the intersection of the tangent arc of the bending radius centered on the bending center in contact with the parallel line and the blade edge center is a blade edge intersection. Then, an angle formed by a line connecting the blade edge intersection and the rotation axis and a first tangent of the tangent arc passing through the blade edge intersection is a first elevation angle at the start of tillage in the horizontal blade portion, A line connecting the rotation axis with the use limit point located on the tangent arc and located at a predetermined distance below the intersection of the upper edge when the intersection of the tangent arc and the center of the upper edge is the upper edge intersection And an angle formed by the second tangent of the tangent arc passing through the use limit point is set as a second elevation angle at the use limit, and an angle change between the first elevation angle and the second elevation angle is set within 5 degrees. It is characterized by.

また、本発明の請求項２に記載の耕耘爪は、請求項１に記載の耕耘爪において、前記第１仰角と前記第２仰角との比率が１対１〜１．１とするものである。   Moreover, the tilling nail according to claim 2 of the present invention is the tilling nail according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first elevation angle to the second elevation angle is 1: 1 to 1.1. .

本発明の耕耘爪では、従来の耕耘爪と比較して、耕耘開始時においても、反転率を向上させることができるとともに、土壌への打込み時に湾曲部に作用する応力集中及びそれによる負荷変動を抑えつつ、耕耘振動や消費馬力の性能を維持することができる。また、いかなる土性においても耕起、放てき性が良いものとし、使用によっても横刃先端部が摩耗しにくく、更に、藁などの巻付きが先端付近で起こりにくく、すきこみ性に優れた耕耘爪となる。また、横刃先端部の摩耗が進行した場合であっても、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性の低下を最小限度に抑えることができる。   In the tillage nail of the present invention, compared to the conventional tillage nail, the reversal rate can be improved even at the start of tilling, and the stress concentration acting on the curved portion when driven into the soil and the load fluctuation caused thereby can be reduced. The performance of tillage vibration and horsepower consumption can be maintained while suppressing. In addition, it has good tillage and release characteristics in any soil properties, and the tip of the horizontal blade is less likely to wear depending on the use. It becomes a tilling claw. In addition, even when the wear of the tip of the horizontal blade has progressed, it is possible to minimize the decrease in reversibility, squeezing property, and soil breaking property.

本発明の実施例における耕耘爪の（ａ）側面図、（ｂ）一部Ｘ−Ｘ断面図である。It is (a) side view of the tilling nail in the Example of the present invention, and (b) is a partial XX sectional view. 本発明の実施例における耕耘爪の湾曲前の（ａ）側面図、（ｂ）一部省略平面図である。It is the (a) side view before curving of the tilling nail in the example of the present invention, and (b) a partly omitted top view. 本発明の従来例における耕耘爪の（ａ）側面図、（ｂ）一部省略平面図である。It is the (a) side view of the tilling nail in the prior art example of the present invention, and (b) a partly omitted top view.

以下、本発明の実施の形態における耕耘爪を図面に基づいて説明する。当該耕耘爪において、回転爪軸Ｓの回転軌道と正対する面、すなわち回転爪軸Ｓの回転軸線を法線とする面を側面とする。当該側面において、縦刃部が鉛直下向きに伸びるものとしたとき、横刃部３が縦刃部２から横方向へ伸びる伸び方向と正対する面を正面方向とする。尚、正面方向から観察した正面視（図示せず）にて右方向に湾曲している。また、図１（ａ）に示すように、側面図視にて、向かって手前方向に湾曲してなる。   Hereinafter, a tilling nail in an embodiment of the invention is explained based on a drawing. In the tillage nail, a surface that faces the rotation trajectory of the rotation claw axis S, that is, a surface that has the rotation axis of the rotation claw axis S as a normal line is defined as a side surface. In the side surface, when the vertical blade portion extends vertically downward, the surface facing the extending direction in which the horizontal blade portion 3 extends in the horizontal direction from the vertical blade portion 2 is defined as the front direction. In addition, it is curving in the right direction when viewed from the front (not shown). Moreover, as shown to Fig.1 (a), it curves to the near side toward side view.

本発明に係る耕耘爪は、図１に示すように、回転爪軸Ｓに装着される基部１と、基部１から鉛直下方に連なって伸びる縦刃部２と、縦刃部２から横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆを境として連なって伸びる横刃部３とが一体的に構成される。基部１及び縦刃部２は平面板からなり、横刃部３は湾曲板からなる。   As shown in FIG. 1, the tilling claw according to the present invention includes a base 1 attached to the rotary claw shaft S, a vertical blade 2 extending vertically downward from the base 1, and a vertical blade 2 to a horizontal blade. A horizontal blade portion 3 extending continuously from the bending start portion F as a boundary is integrally formed. The base 1 and the vertical blade 2 are made of a flat plate, and the horizontal blade 3 is made of a curved plate.

基部１は、取付け中心にて回転爪軸Ｓに取付けることで装着される。当該取付け中心には、回転爪軸Ｓに取付ける為の取付け孔１ｈが側面視幅方向中央に設けられる。すなわち、取付け孔１ｈの側面視形状中心が取付け中心である。取付け孔１ｈは１つ又は複数設けてもよいものである。複数の取付け孔１ｈの場合は、取付け中心は側面視にて向かって最下の取付け孔１ｈの中心、或いは縦方向中央の取付け孔１ｈの中心をいうものとすることができる。   The base 1 is mounted by being attached to the rotary claw shaft S at the attachment center. At the attachment center, an attachment hole 1h for attachment to the rotary claw shaft S is provided at the center in the side view width direction. That is, the center of the attachment hole 1h in the side view is the attachment center. One or a plurality of attachment holes 1h may be provided. In the case of a plurality of attachment holes 1h, the attachment center may be the center of the lowest attachment hole 1h or the center of the attachment hole 1h at the center in the vertical direction when viewed from the side.

また、基部１の両側面のうち湾曲方向と反対側の側面を基準面とする（図１（ｂ）参照）。同図に示すように、当該基準面は、横刃部３が曲率半径ｒにより湾曲された全湾曲高さＨ１についての基準となる。   Moreover, let the side surface on the opposite side to a bending direction among the both sides | surfaces of the base 1 be a reference surface (refer FIG.1 (b)). As shown in the figure, the reference surface is a reference for the total bending height H1 in which the horizontal blade portion 3 is bent by the curvature radius r.

縦刃部２は、基部１から鉛直下方に連なって主として縦方向へ伸びる横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆまでの領域をいう。縦刃部２は、基部１から横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆに至るまで順次厚さが薄くなる平面板からなる。当該平面板は、下方側縁及び下縁に連なる刃を有する。縦刃部２の側面視形状は、縦刃部刃縁の横方向開始部である刃縁始端Ｏから横方向（図１（ａ）における向かって左方向）へ曲がりながら、主として縦方向へ伸びる。そして、縦刃部２の側面視刃縁形状は刃縁始端Ｏから側面視斜方向へ滑らかに曲がってなる。   The vertical blade portion 2 refers to a region from the base portion 1 to the horizontal blade portion bending start portion F that extends vertically downward and extends mainly in the vertical direction. The vertical blade portion 2 is composed of a flat plate whose thickness is gradually reduced from the base portion 1 to the horizontal blade portion curve start portion F. The flat plate has a blade continuous with a lower side edge and a lower edge. The side view shape of the vertical blade portion 2 mainly extends in the vertical direction while bending in the horizontal direction (leftward in FIG. 1A) from the blade edge starting end O which is the horizontal direction starting portion of the vertical blade portion blade edge. . The side edge shape of the vertical blade portion 2 is smoothly bent from the blade edge starting end O in the oblique side view direction.

横刃部３は、横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆから先端までの全領域をいい、基準面に対して一方向へ連続的に湾曲した湾曲板からなる。当該湾曲板は、側面視においてもまた、先端に向かって上方に曲がる湾曲した形状である。すなわち、横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆを境として縦刃部２と連なり、側面視にて主として横方向へ伸びると共に上方へ曲がり、さらに平面視にて湾曲する。   The horizontal blade portion 3 refers to the entire region from the horizontal blade portion curve starting portion F to the tip, and is composed of a curved plate that is continuously bent in one direction with respect to the reference plane. The curved plate also has a curved shape that bends upward toward the tip in a side view. That is, it is connected to the vertical blade portion 2 with the horizontal blade portion bending start portion F as a boundary, extends mainly in the lateral direction in a side view, bends upward, and further curves in a plan view.

横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆは、折曲中心ＲＯを中心とした折曲半径Ｒ１の円弧状からなる。また、当該横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆの接線は接線Ｇとされる。そして、横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆにおける刃縁の最下縁との交点をＩとしたとき、側面視における基部１の取付け孔１ｈの取付け中心を通る鉛直線分から交点Ｉまでの水平距離を湾曲開始水平距離Ｌとする。また、取付け孔１ｈの取付け中心を通る鉛直線分から横刃部３の横方向先端位置Ｑ１までの水平距離を全横長さＢとする。このとき、湾曲開始水平距離Ｌは、全横長さＢの略半分若しくは半分より小さくなるよう設定される。   The horizontal blade portion bending start portion F has an arc shape with a bending radius R1 centered on the bending center RO. Further, the tangent line of the horizontal blade portion curve start portion F is a tangent line G. Then, when the intersection point with the lowermost edge of the blade edge in the horizontal blade portion bending start portion F is I, the horizontal distance from the vertical line passing through the attachment center of the attachment hole 1h of the base portion 1 to the intersection point I in the side view is curved. Let it be the starting horizontal distance L. The horizontal distance from the vertical line passing through the mounting center of the mounting hole 1h to the lateral tip position Q1 of the horizontal blade portion 3 is defined as the total lateral length B. At this time, the bending start horizontal distance L is set to be approximately half or less than half of the total lateral length B.

そして、全湾曲高さＨ１の中間位置であって、横刃部３の厚さの中間位置である中点Ｊを通ってなり、接線Ｇに平行な線を平行線Ｇ１とし、平行線Ｇ１に対して接する折曲中心Ｒ０を中心とした折曲半径Ｒ２の接円弧Ｆ１と刃縁中心との交点を刃縁交点Ｋとする。このとき、刃縁交点Ｋと回転軸線Ｓ０とを結ぶ線Ｔと、刃縁交点Ｋを通る接円弧Ｆ１の第１接線Ｕとのなす角度は、第１仰角αとされる。   And it is an intermediate position of the total bending height H1 and passes through the middle point J, which is an intermediate position of the thickness of the horizontal blade portion 3, and a line parallel to the tangent line G is defined as a parallel line G1. The intersection of the tangent arc F1 having the bending radius R2 with the bending center R0 in contact with the center of the blade edge and the blade edge center is defined as a blade edge intersection K. At this time, the angle formed by the line T connecting the blade edge intersection K and the rotation axis S0 and the first tangent line U of the tangent arc F1 passing through the blade edge intersection K is the first elevation angle α.

また、接円弧Ｆ１と上端縁中心との交点を上端縁交点Ｍとし、上端縁交点Ｍから下方の所定距離に位置し、且つ、接円弧Ｆ１上に位置する点を使用限界点Ｎとする。より詳細には、使用限界点Ｎは、横刃部３における湾曲前の形状において、横刃部３の上端縁（背部）を形成する曲線を刃縁側に所定距離をオフセット移動させた仮想線と、湾曲後における接円弧Ｆ１との交点とされる。このとき、使用限界点Ｎと回転軸線Ｓ０とを結ぶ線Ｔ１と、使用限界点Ｎを通る接円弧Ｆ１の第２接線Ｕ１とのなす角度は、第２仰角βとされる。このとき、横刃部３において、第１仰角αと第２仰角βとの角度変化が５度以内となるよう設定される。より好ましくは、第１仰角αと第２仰角βとが略同角度となるよう設定され、第１仰角αと第２仰角βとの比率が１対１〜１．１となるよう設定される。また、交点Ｉを通る水平線と、接線Ｇとのなす角度は、接線角度γとされる。   Further, the intersection between the tangent arc F1 and the center of the upper edge is defined as the upper edge merging point M, and a point located at a predetermined distance below the upper edge merging point M and on the tangent arc F1 is defined as a use limit point N. More specifically, the use limit point N is an imaginary line obtained by offset-moving the curve forming the upper edge (back) of the horizontal blade portion 3 by a predetermined distance toward the blade edge in the shape before bending in the horizontal blade portion 3. The point of intersection with the tangent arc F1 after bending. At this time, the angle formed between the line T1 connecting the use limit point N and the rotation axis S0 and the second tangent line U1 of the tangent arc F1 passing through the use limit point N is the second elevation angle β. At this time, in the horizontal blade portion 3, the angle change between the first elevation angle α and the second elevation angle β is set to be within 5 degrees. More preferably, the first elevation angle α and the second elevation angle β are set to be substantially the same angle, and the ratio between the first elevation angle α and the second elevation angle β is set to 1: 1 to 1.1. . The angle formed between the horizontal line passing through the intersection I and the tangent line G is the tangent angle γ.

（湾曲開始水平距離Ｌと曲率半径ｒの関係）
回転爪軸Ｓの回転軸線を法線とする面を側面としたとき、曲率半径ｒは、湾曲開始水平距離Ｌより大きくなるよう設定される。これにより、全横長さＢと湾曲開始水平距離Ｌの関係において、横刃部３の長さを長くするとともに、横刃部３を大きく湾曲させた形状とすることができ、耕起、放てき性が良好となる。 (Relationship between bending start horizontal distance L and radius of curvature r)
The curvature radius r is set to be larger than the bending start horizontal distance L when the side surface is a surface having the rotation axis of the rotation claw shaft S as a normal line. As a result, in the relationship between the total lateral length B and the bending start horizontal distance L, the length of the horizontal blade portion 3 can be increased, and the horizontal blade portion 3 can be shaped to be greatly curved, and plowed and released. Property is improved.

（側面視全体形状）
本耕耘爪の側面視全体形状は、図１（ａ）に示すように、最下縁から横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置Ｑまでの鉛直距離を耕耘逃げ長さＡとし、取付け孔１ｈの取付け中心から耕耘爪の最下縁までの鉛直距離を全縦長さＣとしたとき、耕耘逃げ長さＡと全横長さＢと全縦長さＣと湾曲開始水平距離Ｌの比率が１対３〜４．５対２〜３対１〜２．５程度とされる。 (Overall shape in side view)
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the overall shape of this tilling claw is as shown in FIG. 1 (a), where the vertical distance from the lowest edge to the lateral tip position Q of the blade edge is the tilling relief length A, and the mounting hole 1h When the vertical distance from the attachment center to the lowest edge of the tilling claw is the total longitudinal length C, the ratio of the tilling escape length A, the total lateral length B, the total vertical length C, and the bending start horizontal distance L is 1: 3. About 4.5 to 2 to 3 to 1 to 2.5.

（側面視刃縁形状）
縦刃部刃縁の横方向開始部である刃縁始端Ｏから横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置Ｑまでに亘る側面視刃縁形状は、連続的に曲率変化させた、全体として非円弧の曲線からなる。尚、当該曲線は、全体として非円弧であれば複数の円弧曲線が連なってなるものでもよい。 (Side view edge shape)
The blade edge shape from the blade edge starting edge O, which is the horizontal direction start part of the vertical blade part edge, to the horizontal tip position Q of the horizontal blade part blade edge, is continuously non-circular, with the curvature continuously changed. It consists of a curve. In addition, if the said curve is a non-circular arc as a whole, a plurality of circular arc curves may be connected.

回転爪軸Ｓの回転軸線Ｓ０から任意の刃縁下端までの距離を刃縁距離Ｒとおいたとき、当該刃縁距離Ｒは、刃縁下端の側面視横方向位置に応じて連続的に変化してなる。更に、側面視横方向に伸びてなる横刃部３の刃縁において、その横方向の中途位置において最大刃縁距離Ｒｍとなる。この最大刃縁距離Ｒｍとなる横刃部３の刃縁位置を、最大刃縁位置Ｐとする。   When the distance from the rotation axis S0 of the rotary claw shaft S to an arbitrary lower edge of the blade edge is set as the blade edge distance R, the blade edge distance R continuously changes in accordance with the lateral position of the lower edge of the blade edge in a side view. It becomes. Further, the blade edge of the horizontal blade portion 3 extending in the lateral direction when viewed from the side is the maximum blade edge distance Rm at the midway position in the horizontal direction. The blade edge position of the horizontal blade portion 3 having the maximum blade edge distance Rm is defined as the maximum blade edge position P.

刃部の鉛直縦方向長さは、縦刃部２における刃の開始位置から、爪の最下部までの長さを刃縦長さＥとしたとき、刃縦長さＥは全横長さＢの０．２〜０．５程度となるよう設定される。   The vertical length in the vertical direction of the blade is such that when the length from the starting position of the blade in the vertical blade 2 to the lowest part of the claw is the blade vertical length E, the blade vertical length E is 0. It is set to be about 2 to 0.5.

本耕耘爪においては、図１（ａ）に示すように、湾曲方向の両側面から刃を形成した両刃爪としているが、これに限られることなく、一側面のみに刃を形成した片刃爪であってもよいし、この他、湾曲方向と反対方向の一側面のみに刃を形成した片刃爪としてもよい。また、例えば、縦刃部２を両刃爪とし、横刃部３を片刃爪とすることもできる。すなわち、両刃爪と片刃爪を組み合わせるものであってもよい。   In this tillage nail, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), it is a double-blade claw in which blades are formed from both side surfaces in the bending direction. In addition, a single-blade claw in which a blade is formed only on one side surface in the direction opposite to the bending direction may be used. Further, for example, the vertical blade portion 2 can be a double-blade claw and the horizontal blade portion 3 can be a single-blade claw. That is, a combination of a double-blade claw and a single-blade claw may be used.

（湾曲）
横刃部３は、ひとつ又は複数の互いに異なる湾曲半径が組み合わされて一方向へ湾曲される。すなわち、基部（基端）側の湾曲率と横刃部先端（爪先端）側の湾曲率とが異なる大きさで隣接して滑らかに形成される。また、ひとつ又は複数の互いに異なる湾曲半径を組み合わせて横刃部３を湾曲する場合において、適宜の箇所にひとつ又は複数の直線部を組み合わせるものであってもよい。 (Curved)
The horizontal blade portion 3 is bent in one direction by combining one or a plurality of different bending radii. That is, the base portion (base end) side curvature rate and the side blade portion tip end (claw tip end) side curvature rate are different from each other and smoothly formed. Further, when the horizontal blade portion 3 is curved by combining one or a plurality of different bending radii, one or a plurality of linear portions may be combined at an appropriate location.

また、図１に示すように、回転爪軸Ｓの回転半径Ｒが最大値Ｒｍとなる横刃部３の刃縁位置（最大刃縁位置Ｐ）における基準面からの湾曲高さＨ２が、横刃部３における湾曲方向側の横方向先端位置Ｑ２における全湾曲高さＨ１の略半分程度、もしくは半分以上に及ぶものである。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the bending height H2 from the reference surface at the blade edge position (maximum blade edge position P) of the horizontal blade portion 3 where the rotation radius R of the rotary claw shaft S becomes the maximum value Rm is It is about half or more than half of the total bending height H1 at the lateral tip position Q2 on the bending direction side of the blade portion 3.

このようにして、横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆを円弧状とし、第１仰角αと第２仰角βとが略同角度（角度変化が５度以内）となる横刃部３を構成することにより、応力集中及び負荷変動を抑えつつ、耕耘振動や消費馬力の性能を維持することができる。また、いかなる土壌においても、耕起、放てき性が良いものとなり、横刃部３の先端部が摩耗しにくく、藁などの巻付きが起こりにくいものとなり、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性に優れた耕耘爪となる。更に、横刃部３における先端部の摩耗が進行した際であっても、第２仰角βが第１仰角αと略同角度（角度変化が５度以内）となるよう設けられるため、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性の低下を最小限度に抑えることができる。   In this way, by forming the horizontal blade portion 3 in which the horizontal blade portion curve start portion F has an arc shape and the first elevation angle α and the second elevation angle β are substantially the same angle (angle change is within 5 degrees). The performance of tillage vibration and horsepower consumption can be maintained while suppressing stress concentration and load fluctuation. Moreover, in any soil, plowing and releasing properties are good, the tip of the horizontal blade portion 3 is less likely to be worn, and it is less likely to be wound with wrinkles, etc., reversibility, squeezing property, soil breaking property Excellent tillage nail. Further, even when the wear of the tip portion of the horizontal blade portion 3 proceeds, the second elevation angle β is provided so as to be substantially the same angle as the first elevation angle α (angle change is within 5 degrees). It is possible to minimize the decrease in squeezability and crushedness.

Figure 0005943261
Figure 0005943261

ここで、本実施例１における耕耘爪の反転性についての試験を行ったので、以下に示す。埴壌土にて試験を行った結果を表２に、壌土にて試験を行った結果を表３に示す。   Here, since the test about the inversion property of the tilling nail in the present Example 1 was done, it shows below. Table 2 shows the results of the tests in the loam soil, and Table 3 shows the results of the tests in the loam.

反転性の評価は、反転率に基づいて行う。反転率は、（１−（稲株露出数／稲株数））×１００で表される。また、表２、表３中における各反転率の数値は、図２に示す横刃部３の湾曲前形状における幅寸法の測定値に基づいて算出される。   The inversion property is evaluated based on the inversion rate. The inversion rate is represented by (1− (number of exposed rice plants / number of rice plants)) × 100. Moreover, the numerical value of each inversion rate in Table 2 and Table 3 is calculated based on the measured value of the width dimension in the shape before curving of the side blade part 3 shown in FIG.

具体的には、図２（ａ）に示すように、横刃部３における湾曲前の形状において、中心点Ｒ３を中心とした横刃部３の背部までの距離を背部側曲率半径Ｒ４とし、中心点Ｒ５を中心とした横刃部３の刃縁までの距離を刃縁側曲率半径Ｒ６としたとき、中心点Ｒ３と中心点Ｒ５との中点を中点Ｗとする。そして、湾曲前の横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置Ｗ１と中点Ｗとを結ぶ線Ｙとし、当該線Ｙと上端縁（背部）との交点を交点Ｗ２とする。   Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the shape before bending in the horizontal blade portion 3, the distance from the center point R3 to the back portion of the horizontal blade portion 3 is defined as a back side curvature radius R4, When the distance from the center point R5 to the blade edge of the side blade portion 3 is the blade edge side radius of curvature R6, the midpoint between the center point R3 and the center point R5 is the midpoint W. Then, a line Y connecting the lateral tip position W1 of the side edge of the side edge before bending and the midpoint W is defined as an intersection point between the line Y and the upper end edge (back part).

このとき、各反転率の上段数値は、湾曲前の横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置Ｗ１から湾曲前における上端縁（背部）の交点Ｗ２までの長さが６５ｍｍの耕耘開始時における耕耘爪の測定値から反転率を算出したものである。一方、各反転率の下段数値（カッコ内の数値）は、横刃部３が摩耗することにより、湾曲前の横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置Ｗ１から湾曲前における上端縁（背部）の交点Ｗ２までの長さが４０ｍｍとなった状態での耕耘爪の測定値から反転率を算出したものである。このとき、横刃部３が摩耗することにより回転半径が変位するが、回転中心を調整することにより、耕耘開始時における耕深と同様の耕深で試験を行うものである。また、低下率は、（摩耗状態の反転率／開始状態の反転率）×１００で表される。   At this time, the upper numerical value of each reversal rate is the tilling nail at the start of tilling with a length of 65 mm from the lateral tip position W1 of the edge of the edge before bending to the intersection W2 of the upper edge (back) before bending The reversal rate was calculated from the measured values. On the other hand, the lower value (the value in parentheses) of each reversal rate is that of the upper edge (back part) before bending from the lateral tip position W1 of the horizontal blade part blade edge before bending due to wear of the horizontal blade part 3. The inversion rate is calculated from the measured value of the tilling nail in the state where the length to the intersection W2 is 40 mm. At this time, the turning radius is displaced by the wear of the horizontal blade portion 3, but the test is performed at the plowing depth similar to the plowing depth at the start of plowing by adjusting the rotation center. Further, the decrease rate is represented by (reversal rate of wear state / reversal rate of start state) × 100.

Figure 0005943261
Figure 0005943261

Figure 0005943261
Figure 0005943261

表２及び表３に示すように、実施例においては、開始状態及び摩耗状態のいずれにおいても従来品の反転率を大きく上回り、高い反転率を示している。また、反転率の低下率についても、従来品のように大きく低下することなく、耕耘性能を維持するものである。これは、円弧上の横刃部湾曲開始部Ｆ、仰角α、β等との相関関係によるものである。   As shown in Tables 2 and 3, in the examples, both the starting state and the worn state greatly exceed the reversal rate of the conventional product and show a high reversal rate. Further, the reduction rate of the reversal rate maintains the tillage performance without significantly decreasing as in the conventional product. This is due to the correlation with the horizontal blade portion curve start portion F on the arc, the elevation angles α, β, and the like.

以上、説明した本発明に係る耕耘爪によれば、従来の耕耘爪と比較して、耕耘開始時においても、反転率を向上させることができるとともに、土壌への打込み時に湾曲部に作用する応力集中及びそれによる負荷変動を抑えつつ、耕耘振動や消費馬力の性能を維持することができる。   As described above, according to the tilling nail according to the present invention described above, it is possible to improve the reversal rate even at the start of tilling as compared with the conventional tilling nail, and the stress acting on the curved portion when driving into the soil. The performance of tillage vibration and horsepower consumption can be maintained while restraining concentration and load fluctuation caused by the concentration.

また、いかなる土性においても耕起、放てき性が良いものとし、使用によっても横刃先端部が摩耗しにくく、更に、藁などの巻付きが先端付近で起こりにくく、すきこみ性に優れた耕耘爪となる。また、横刃先端部の摩耗が進行した場合であっても、反転性、すきこみ性、砕土性の低下を最小限度に抑えることができる。   In addition, it has good tillage and release characteristics in any soil properties, and the tip of the horizontal blade is less likely to wear depending on the use. It becomes a tilling claw. In addition, even when the wear of the tip of the horizontal blade has progressed, it is possible to minimize the decrease in reversibility, squeezing property, and soil breaking property.

当該発明は、上述の実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、形状、寸法、材質等を適宜変更して実施することが可能である。また、第１仰角αと第２仰角βの角度変化については、５度以内の範囲において、第１仰角より第２仰角のほうが小さくなるよう設定することができるのは勿論である。更に、一部構成を省略することができるし、一部抽出した構成とすることができるのは勿論である。   The present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented by appropriately changing the shape, dimensions, material, and the like. Of course, the angle change between the first elevation angle α and the second elevation angle β can be set so that the second elevation angle is smaller than the first elevation angle within a range of 5 degrees or less. Furthermore, it is needless to say that a part of the configuration can be omitted or a part of the configuration can be extracted.

１ 基部
２ 縦刃部
３ 横刃部
Ａ 耕耘逃げ長さ
Ｂ 全横長さ
Ｃ 全縦長さ
Ｄ 刃幅
Ｅ 刃縦長さ
Ｆ 横刃湾曲開始部
Ｇ 接線
Ｈ１ 全湾曲高さ
Ｋ 刃縁交点
Ｌ 湾曲開始水平距離
Ｍ 上端縁交点
Ｎ 使用限界点
Ｏ 刃縁始端
Ｐ 最大刃縁位置
Ｑ 横刃部刃縁の横方向先端位置
Ｒ 刃縁距離
Ｒｍ 最大刃縁距離
Ｓ 回転爪軸
Ｓ０ 回転軸線
α 第１仰角
β 第２仰角 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base part 2 Vertical blade part 3 Horizontal blade part A Tillage escape length B Total horizontal length C Total vertical length D Blade width E Blade vertical length F Horizontal blade curve start part G Tangent H1 Total curve height K Blade edge intersection L Curve start Horizontal distance M Upper edge intersection N Use limit point O Edge edge start point P Maximum edge position Q Horizontal edge edge position in the horizontal direction R Edge distance Rm Maximum edge distance S Rotating claw axis S0 Rotating axis α First elevation angle β 2nd elevation angle

Claims (2)

回転爪軸（Ｓ）に装着される基部（１）と、
前記基部（１）から鉛直下方に連なって伸びる横刃部湾曲開始部（Ｆ）までの平面板からなる縦刃部（２）と、
前記縦刃部（２）から回転方向と逆方向に湾曲するとともに、前記基部（１）に対して一方向に湾曲してなり、前記横刃部湾曲開始部（Ｆ）を境として連なって伸びる湾曲板からなる横刃部（３）とを備える耕耘爪において、
前記横刃部湾曲開始部（Ｆ）は、折曲中心（Ｒ０）を中心とした折曲半径（Ｒ１）の円弧状からなり、
前記回転爪軸（Ｓ）の回転軸線（Ｓ０）を法線とする面を側面とし、平面視にて前記基部（１）の面を基準として一方向に湾曲する基準面からの全湾曲高さ（Ｈ１）の中間位置であって、前記横刃部（３）の厚さの中間位置である中点（Ｊ）を通ってなり、前記横刃部（３）内における前記横刃部湾曲開始部（Ｆ）上の任意の点を通る前記横刃部湾曲開始部（Ｆ）の接線（Ｇ）に平行な線を平行線（Ｇ１）とし、前記平行線（Ｇ１）に対して接する折曲中心（Ｒ０）を中心とした折曲半径（Ｒ２）の接円弧（Ｆ１）と刃縁中心との交点を刃縁交点（Ｋ）としたとき、前記刃縁交点（Ｋ）と前記回転軸線（Ｓ０）とを結ぶ線（Ｔ）と、前記刃縁交点（Ｋ）を通る前記接円弧（Ｆ１）の第１接線（Ｕ）とのなす角度を前記横刃部（３）における耕耘開始時の第１仰角（α）とし、
前記接円弧（Ｆ１）と上端縁中心との交点を上端縁交点（Ｍ）としたとき、前記上端縁交点（Ｍ）から下方の所定距離に位置し、且つ、前記接円弧（Ｆ１）上に位置する使用限界点（Ｎ）と前記回転軸線（Ｓ０）とを結ぶ線（Ｔ１）と、前記使用限界点（Ｎ）を通る前記接円弧（Ｆ１）の第２接線（Ｕ１）とのなす角度を使用限界時の第２仰角（β）とし、
前記第１仰角（α）と前記第２仰角（β）との角度変化を５度以内に設定することを特徴とする耕耘爪。 A base (1) attached to the rotating claw shaft (S);
A vertical blade portion (2) composed of a flat plate from the base portion (1) to a horizontal blade portion curve start portion (F) extending vertically downward.
While curving in the direction opposite to the rotation direction from the vertical blade portion (2), it is curved in one direction with respect to the base portion (1), and extends continuously from the horizontal blade portion curve start portion (F) as a boundary. In a tilling claw comprising a horizontal blade portion (3) made of a curved plate,
The said horizontal blade part curve start part (F) consists of circular arc shape of the bending radius (R1) centering on the bending center (R0),
The total bending height from a reference surface that curves in one direction with the surface of the base (1) as a reference in a plan view, with the surface having the rotation axis (S0) of the rotating claw shaft (S) as a normal line as a side surface. (H1) intermediate position (J), which is an intermediate position of the thickness of the horizontal blade portion (3), and starts bending of the horizontal blade portion in the horizontal blade portion (3) A line parallel to the tangent line (G) of the horizontal blade part curve starting part (F) passing through an arbitrary point on the part (F) is defined as a parallel line (G1), and is bent in contact with the parallel line (G1). When the intersection of the tangent arc (F1) of the bending radius (R2) with the center (R0) as the center and the blade edge center is defined as the blade edge intersection (K), the blade edge intersection (K) and the rotation axis ( The angle between the line (T) connecting S0) and the first tangent line (U) of the tangent arc (F1) passing through the blade edge intersection (K) is cultivated in the horizontal blade portion (3). The first and elevation angle (α) at the start,
When the intersection point between the tangent arc (F1) and the center of the upper edge is defined as the upper edge merging point (M), it is located at a predetermined distance below the upper edge merging point (M) and on the tangent arc (F1). An angle formed by a line (T1) connecting the use limit point (N) positioned and the rotation axis (S0) and a second tangent line (U1) of the tangent arc (F1) passing through the use limit point (N). Is the second elevation angle at the limit of use (β),
The tilling claw characterized by setting an angle change between the first elevation angle (α) and the second elevation angle (β) within 5 degrees. 前記第１仰角（α）と前記第２仰角（β）との比率が１対１〜１．１である請求項１に記載の耕耘爪。 The tilling nail according to claim 1 whose ratio of said 1st elevation angle (alpha) and said 2nd elevation angle (beta) is 1: 1 to 1.1.
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