JP5936047B2 - Sand blowing prevention structure - Google Patents

Sand blowing prevention structure Download PDF

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JP5936047B2
JP5936047B2 JP2012090268A JP2012090268A JP5936047B2 JP 5936047 B2 JP5936047 B2 JP 5936047B2 JP 2012090268 A JP2012090268 A JP 2012090268A JP 2012090268 A JP2012090268 A JP 2012090268A JP 5936047 B2 JP5936047 B2 JP 5936047B2
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shaped groove
prevention structure
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JP2013217144A (en
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陽一 田地
陽一 田地
英之 眞野
英之 眞野
石川 明
明 石川
洋之 堀田
洋之 堀田
毅芳 福武
毅芳 福武
社本 康広
康広 社本
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Shimizu Corp
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Description

本発明は、液状化地盤を対象とする噴砂防止構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a sandblast prevention structure for liquefied ground.

周知のように、緩い砂層が堆積するような地盤では地震時に液状化による噴砂が生じて大きな不陸や沈下が生じたり、地表への大量の砂が排出されることで地震後の施設の利用に大きな障害となることがある。   As is well known, on ground where a loose sand layer accumulates, landslides due to liquefaction occur at the time of an earthquake, resulting in large unevenness and subsidence, and the use of facilities after the earthquake by discharging a large amount of sand to the surface. Can be a major obstacle.

したがって、建物や各種構造物を設置するための原地盤がそのような液状化地盤である場合には、原地盤を締め固めたり地盤改良を施す等の対策により液状化の発生を防止することが行われ、そのための様々な工法や構造が提案されている。   Therefore, when the original ground for installing buildings and various structures is such liquefied ground, the occurrence of liquefaction can be prevented by measures such as compacting the original ground or improving the ground. Various methods and structures have been proposed for this purpose.

また、特許文献1には液状化の発生自体を防止するのではなく、液状化が発生した際の地盤の不陸や地表面への噴砂を防止するために、地盤全体を覆う蓋材として機能する床版やシート等の版状の地表構造物を地盤の表層部に設置するという構造が提案されている。   Further, Patent Document 1 does not prevent the occurrence of liquefaction itself, but functions as a cover material that covers the entire ground in order to prevent unevenness of the ground when liquefaction occurs and sand discharge to the ground surface. A structure has been proposed in which plate-like surface structures such as floor slabs and sheets are installed on the surface layer of the ground.

特開2010−112039号公報JP 2010-112039 A

しかし、液状化の発生自体を確実に防止するためには原地盤全体を広範囲にわたって十分に締め固めたり格子状の地盤改良を施して地震時の地盤変形を小さくする必要があり、そのためには多大なコストを要するものである。そのため、この種の工法は主要構造物の直下のみを対象として限定的に実施されるに留まり、駐車場や道路等の地盤全体を対象として広範囲に適用するようなことは現実的ではない。   However, in order to surely prevent the occurrence of liquefaction itself, it is necessary to sufficiently compact the entire original ground over a wide area or to improve the lattice-like ground to reduce ground deformation during an earthquake. Cost. For this reason, this type of construction method is limited to be implemented only directly under the main structure, and it is not realistic to apply it to a wide range of ground such as parking lots and roads.

また、特許文献1に示される構造は、地表構造物自体の不陸を防止するためにその地表構造物自体を十分に高剛性の構造体として形成しなければならず、したがってそのために多大なコストを要するばかりでなく、液状化発生時には地表構造物自体が沈下したり浮き上がって傾斜を生じてしまうことも想定され、広く普及するに至っていない。   Further, the structure shown in Patent Document 1 must be formed as a sufficiently rigid structure in order to prevent the surface structure itself from becoming uneven, and therefore, a large cost is required. In addition, it is assumed that the surface structure itself sinks or rises to cause an inclination when liquefaction occurs, and has not been widely spread.

上記事情に鑑み、本発明は液状化発生時における噴砂を確実かつ簡易に防止し得る有効適切な構造を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an effective and appropriate structure capable of reliably and easily preventing sand sand when liquefaction occurs.

請求項1記載の発明は、地震時に液状化を生じる懸念のある原地盤を対象として、該原地盤が液状化を生じた際に地表への噴砂を防止するための構造であって、前記原地盤の表面を舗装面によって被覆するとともに、該舗装面の要所に、底部が前記原地盤に達する深さに形成されて液状化発生時に該原地盤において生じる過剰間隙水を集水して排水するための排水路を所定間隔で設け、前記排水路を、前記原地盤に形成された溝内に礫材を充填してなる集水層と、該集水層の上部に設置されたU字溝により構成し、該U字溝の底部に前記集水層に通じる通水口を設け、前記U字溝の底部に設けた前記通水口に、常時閉とされかつ液状化発生時に前記原地盤において生じる前記過剰間隙水の水圧により開かれる栓体を装着してなることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 1 is a structure for preventing the sand from being blown to the ground when the raw ground is liquefied with respect to the raw ground that is liable to be liquefied during an earthquake. The surface of the ground is covered with a pavement, and excess pore water generated at the bottom of the pavement is formed at a depth that reaches the original ground at the bottom of the pavement. A drainage channel is provided at predetermined intervals, and the drainage channel is a water collection layer formed by filling a gravel material in a groove formed in the original ground, and a U-shape installed above the water collection layer It is constituted by a groove, and a water passage opening to the water collecting layer is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped groove, and the water passage provided at the bottom of the U-shaped groove is normally closed and in the original ground when liquefaction occurs and characterized by being equipped with a plug body to be opened by the pressure of the excess pore water resulting That.

請求項記載の発明は、請求項1記載の噴砂防止構造であって、前記U字溝の上部に、該U字溝内に流入した前記過剰間隙水を地表に溢水させるための通水性を有する蓋体を装着してなることを特徴とする。 According to a second aspect of the invention, a sand boils prevention structure of claim 1 Symbol placement, on top of the U-shaped groove, the water permeability of the order to flood the excess pore water flowing in the U-shaped groove in the surface It is characterized by mounting a lid body having

請求項記載の発明は、請求項1または2記載の噴砂防止構造であって、前記集水層の周囲に、通水性を有しかつ砂の通過を阻止する濾材としてのジオテキスタイルを設けてなることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 3 is the sand sand prevention structure according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a geotextile as a filter medium having water permeability and preventing the passage of sand is provided around the water collection layer. It is characterized by that.

請求項記載の発明は、請求項1,2または3記載の噴砂防止構造であって、前記集水層の底部からその下方の原地盤に向けて、液状化発生時に該原地盤において生じる前記過剰間隙水を前記集水層に集水するための鉛直ドレーンを設けてなることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 4 is the sandblast prevention structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3 , wherein the liquefaction occurs in the original ground from the bottom of the water collecting layer toward the underlying ground. A vertical drain for collecting excess pore water in the water collection layer is provided.

本発明によれば、原地盤を舗装面により被覆した上で、舗装面の要所に液状化発生時に原地盤において生じる過剰間隙水を排水するための排水路を設けておき、液状化発生時にはその排水路を通して原地盤から過剰間隙水を積極的に排水することにより、原地盤での間隙水圧を速やかに低下せしめて噴砂が生じることを有効に防止することが可能である。   According to the present invention, after covering the original ground with the pavement surface, a drainage channel for draining excess pore water generated in the original ground at the time of liquefaction occurrence is provided at an important point of the pavement surface. By actively draining excess pore water from the original ground through the drainage channel, it is possible to effectively reduce the pore water pressure in the original ground and effectively prevent the occurrence of sand sand.

したがって本発明によれば、原地盤に液状化が発生しても舗装面に大きな不陸や沈下、浮き上がりが生じて長期にわたって使用不能になるといった最悪の事態を未然に回避し得るものとなり、液状化の発生自体を防止する場合に比べて遙かに簡便かつ低コストで重大な液状化被害を有効に防止することが可能であるし、特に広大な敷地全体を対象とする場合等において現実的かつ合理的な液状化対策として有効である。   Therefore, according to the present invention, even if liquefaction occurs in the original ground, it is possible to avoid the worst situation in which large pavement, subsidence, and lifting occur, and the long-term unusable situation can be avoided. Compared to preventing the occurrence of liquefaction itself, it is much simpler and less costly and can effectively prevent serious liquefaction damage, and it is realistic especially when targeting the entire large site. It is also effective as a reasonable liquefaction countermeasure.

本発明の一実施形態である噴砂防止構造を示す図であって、(a)は平面図、(b)は正断面図である。It is a figure which shows the sand-sand prevention structure which is one Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is a front sectional view. 同、排水路の構成例を示す拡大図であって、(a)は正断面図、(b)はU字溝の底部を示す拡大正断面図、(c)はU字溝の平面図、(d)は排水路の側断面図である。It is an enlarged view showing a configuration example of the drainage channel, wherein (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is an enlarged front sectional view showing the bottom of the U-shaped groove, (c) is a plan view of the U-shaped groove, (D) is a sectional side view of the drainage channel. 同、排水路による過剰間隙水の排水状況の説明図であり、(a)は正断面図、(b)は側断面図である。It is explanatory drawing of the drainage condition of the excess pore water by a drainage channel, (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is a side sectional view. 同、排水路の変形例を示す図であって、(a)は正断面図、(b)はU字溝の底部を示す拡大正断面図である。It is a figure which shows the modification of a drainage channel, Comprising: (a) is a front sectional view, (b) is an enlarged front sectional view which shows the bottom part of a U-shaped groove. 同、排水路の変形例を示す正断面図である。It is a front sectional view showing a modification of the drainage channel. 本発明の他の実施形態である噴砂防止構造を示す図であって、(a)は平面図、(b)は正断面図である。It is a figure which shows the sand-sand prevention structure which is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a top view, (b) is a front sectional view.

図1〜図3に本発明の噴砂防止構造の一実施形態を示す。
これは、建物や各種構造物を設置するための原地盤1が表層1aの下層に液状化しやすい液状化層1bを有していて地震時には液状化を生じる懸念のある液状化地盤である場合において、その原地盤1が仮に液状化した場合においても地表に噴砂が生じることまでは防止することを目的とするものである。
そのため、本実施形態の噴砂防止構造は、原地盤1の表面を舗装面2により全面的に舗装したうえで、その舗装面2の要所に液状化発生時に原地盤1において生じる過剰間隙水を積極的に排水することで噴砂の発生を防止するための排水路3を設けたことを主眼とする。
1 to 3 show an embodiment of the sand blowing prevention structure of the present invention.
This is because the ground 1 for installing buildings and various structures has a liquefied layer 1b that tends to liquefy in the lower layer of the surface layer 1a, and is a liquefied ground that may cause liquefaction during an earthquake. Even when the original ground 1 is liquefied, it is intended to prevent the occurrence of sandblast on the ground surface.
For this reason, the sandblast prevention structure of the present embodiment has the surface of the original ground 1 fully paved with the paved surface 2, and excess pore water generated in the original ground 1 when liquefaction occurs at the important points of the paved surface 2. The main purpose is to provide a drainage channel 3 for preventing the occurrence of sandblasts by actively draining water.

具体的には、原地盤1の表面を、表層2aとその下層の路盤層2bとによる舗装面2によって全面的に被覆する。舗装面2の仕様としては通常の車道の場合と同等程度で良く、たとえば通常のアスファルト舗装ないしコンクリート舗装程度で十分である。   Specifically, the surface of the original ground 1 is entirely covered with the pavement surface 2 formed by the surface layer 2a and the underlying roadbed layer 2b. The specification of the pavement surface 2 may be about the same as that of a normal roadway. For example, a normal asphalt pavement or a concrete pavement is sufficient.

そして、舗装面2の要所に複数の排水路3を所定間隔で設ける。
排水路3は図1(a),(b)に示すように互い平行な状態で一方向に沿うように設けることでも良いし、破線で示すようにそれに直交する方向にも設けて全体として格子状をなすように縦横に設けることでも良い。
また、排水路3の幅寸法や相互間隔は原地盤1の状況その他の条件を考慮して任意に設定すれば良いが、排水路3の幅寸法wをたとえば50cm程度、排水路3間の相互間隔Dをたとえば10〜30m程度とすると良い。
なお、本例では図1(b)に示すように排水路3を原地盤1の表層1aの厚さの範囲に形成しているが、排水路3をさらに深くして液状化層1bに達するように形成することでも良い。
And the several drainage channel 3 is provided in the important point of the pavement surface 2 at predetermined intervals.
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the drainage channel 3 may be provided so as to be along one direction in parallel with each other, or as shown by a broken line in a direction orthogonal to the drainage channel 3 as a whole. It may be provided vertically and horizontally so as to form a shape.
In addition, the width dimension and the mutual interval of the drainage channels 3 may be arbitrarily set in consideration of the condition of the original ground 1 and other conditions, but the width dimension w of the drainage channel 3 is about 50 cm, for example. The distance D is preferably about 10 to 30 m, for example.
In addition, in this example, as shown in FIG.1 (b), although the drainage channel 3 is formed in the range of the thickness of the surface layer 1a of the original ground 1, the drainage channel 3 is further deepened and reaches the liquefied layer 1b. It may be formed as follows.

上記の排水路3は、図2(a)〜(d)にその詳細な構成例を示すように、底部が原地盤1の表層1aに達する深さに形成された溝内に礫材が充填されて形成された集水層4と、集水層4の上部において所定の排水勾配を有するように設置されたU字溝5からなり、U字溝5の底面には集水層4に通じる通水口6が所定間隔で多数(図示例では1台のU字溝5に対し3個所ずつ)形成されているものである。   As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, the drainage channel 3 is filled with a gravel material in a groove formed at a depth where the bottom reaches the surface layer 1 a of the original ground 1. The formed water collecting layer 4 and a U-shaped groove 5 installed at the upper part of the water collecting layer 4 so as to have a predetermined drainage gradient. The bottom surface of the U-shaped groove 5 leads to the water collecting layer 4. A large number of water inlets 6 are formed at predetermined intervals (three in the illustrated example with respect to one U-shaped groove 5).

上記の集水層4を形成するための礫材の粒度やその充填密度は、液状化発生時に原地盤1において発生する過剰間隙水をこの集水層4に効率的に集水し得るような十分な透水性を有し、かつ原地盤1から集水層4への砂の流入は阻止して集水層4を通しての地表への噴砂が生じることを防止し得るように、適切に設定しておく。
集水層4を形成するための礫材は原地盤1に形成した溝内に単に充填することでも良いが、礫材をたとえばジオテキスタイル等の透水材による袋体に収納して土嚢を形成し、それを溝内に敷き詰めることで集水層4を形成することでも良い。
The particle size and packing density of the gravel material for forming the water collecting layer 4 is such that excess pore water generated in the raw ground 1 when liquefaction occurs can be efficiently collected in the water collecting layer 4. Properly set so that it has sufficient water permeability and can prevent sand from flowing from the ground ground 1 to the catchment layer 4 to prevent sand from flowing through the catchment layer 4 to the ground surface. Keep it.
The gravel material for forming the water collecting layer 4 may be simply filled in the groove formed in the raw ground 1, but the gravel material is stored in a bag body made of a water-permeable material such as geotextile to form a sandbag, The water collecting layer 4 may be formed by spreading it in the groove.

また、上記のU字溝5としては土木資材として多用されているコンクリート製の汎用製品を採用可能であるが、このU字溝5は液状化発生時に過剰間隙水による浮力を受けて浮き上がってしまうことのないように堅固に固定した状態で設置することが好ましい。
U字溝5の上部は地表面において単に開放させておくことでもよいが、必要に応じて図2(a)に示すように蓋体7を装着しても良く、その場合、蓋体7を重量のあるコンクリート製とすればその重量により液状化発生時におけるU字溝5の浮き上がりを防止する効果が得られる。
なお、本実施形態では図2(a)に示すようにU字溝5を舗装面2の路盤層2bの範囲内に設置しているが、U字溝5の深さをより大きくしてその底部が原地盤1の表層1aに達するようにしても良い。
In addition, as the U-shaped groove 5, a general-purpose product made of concrete that is frequently used as a civil engineering material can be used. However, the U-shaped groove 5 is lifted by buoyancy caused by excess pore water when liquefaction occurs. It is preferable to install in a state of being firmly fixed so as not to occur.
The upper part of the U-shaped groove 5 may be simply left open on the ground surface, but if necessary, a lid 7 may be attached as shown in FIG. 2 (a). If it is made of heavy concrete, the weight can prevent the U-shaped groove 5 from being lifted when liquefaction occurs.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the U-shaped groove 5 is installed in the range of the roadbed layer 2b of the pavement surface 2, but the depth of the U-shaped groove 5 is increased to increase the depth. The bottom may reach the surface layer 1 a of the original ground 1.

上記のU字溝5を通常時においては舗装面2への降雨を集水し排水するための雨水排水路として利用することも考えられる。
その場合においてU字溝5に蓋体7を装着する場合には、蓋体7として雨水を舗装面2からU字溝5内に流入させ得るように通水性を有するもの(たとえば格子状のグレーチングや、有孔あるいはスリットを有する鋼製あるいはコンクリート製の蓋体等)を用いれば良い。
It is also conceivable to use the U-shaped groove 5 as a rainwater drainage channel for collecting and draining the rain on the pavement surface 2 at normal times.
In this case, when the lid body 7 is attached to the U-shaped groove 5, the lid body 7 has water permeability so that rainwater can flow into the U-shaped groove 5 from the pavement surface 2 (for example, lattice-shaped grating). Or a steel or concrete lid body having a hole or slit may be used.

また、U字溝5を通常時に雨水排水路として利用する場合において、U字溝5に流入した雨水が通水口6から集水層4に浸透してしまうことを防止する必要がある場合には、たとえば図2(a),(b),(d)に示すように、通常時には通水口6に適宜の栓体8を装着して通水口6を常時閉としておくことが好ましい。この場合、液状化発生時には通水口6が開放される必要があるので、栓体8としては図3(a),(b)に示すように過剰間隙水圧を受けると自ずと浮き上がって抜けてしまう構成のものが好ましい。
あるいは、逆に、通常時にU字溝5に流入した雨水を原地盤1に浸透させてしまうことも考えられ、その場合には通常時においても通水口6を塞いでおく必要はないので、たとえば図4(a),(b)に示すように通水口6の目詰まりを防止するための目皿として機能するメッシュ9を通水口6に装着しておくことで十分である。勿論、そのメッシュ9としては液状化発生時に集水層4からU字溝5への過剰間隙水の流入を阻害しないものであることが必要である。
Further, when the U-shaped groove 5 is used as a rainwater drainage channel at normal times, it is necessary to prevent the rainwater flowing into the U-shaped groove 5 from penetrating the water collecting layer 4 from the water inlet 6. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b), and 2 (d), it is preferable that an appropriate stopper 8 is attached to the water inlet 6 at normal times so that the water inlet 6 is normally closed. In this case, since the water inlet 6 needs to be opened when liquefaction occurs, the plug body 8 naturally rises and escapes when subjected to excessive pore water pressure as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). Are preferred.
Alternatively, conversely, it is also possible that rainwater that has flowed into the U-shaped groove 5 at normal times permeates the raw ground 1, and in that case, it is not necessary to block the water passage 6 even at normal times. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), it is sufficient to attach the mesh 9 functioning as a pan for preventing clogging of the water inlet 6 to the water inlet 6. Needless to say, the mesh 9 needs not to inhibit the inflow of excess pore water from the water collection layer 4 to the U-shaped groove 5 when liquefaction occurs.

上記のように、原地盤1を舗装面2により被覆したうえで、その要所に所定間隔で排水路3を設けたことによって、原地盤1が液状化した際には排水路3が弱点となってその周辺位置において地表部に過剰間隙水の噴出や噴砂が生じようとする。
しかし、その際には、原地盤1において発生した過剰間隙水は図3(a),(b)に細矢印で示すように原地盤1から集水層4内に集水され、集水層4から通水口6を通ってU字溝5に流入し、U字溝5内を流下して速やかに排水されてしまうから、原地盤1における間隙水圧は効果的に散逸せしめられて過度に上昇することが有効に防止される。
この場合、U字溝5の上部を単に開放しておくか、あるいは上記のように通水性を有する蓋体7を装着しておけば、U字溝5に多量の過剰間隙水が流入した場合にはその一部が破線矢印で示すように地表に溢水するので、間隙水圧をより早期に散逸せしめることができる。
また、本実施形態では、図3(a)に示したようにU字溝5の深さが舗装面2の路盤層2bの層厚より小さくされていて、集水層4はその上部が路盤層2bの底部に直接連なる状態で形成されているので、その路盤層2bを利用して過剰間隙水を排水することも考えられる。すなわち、上記の路盤層2bを集水層4と同様に礫材を充填した礫層として形成しておけば、液状化発生時に集水層4に集水された過剰間隙水の一部が図中の破線矢印で示すように集水層4の上部から路盤層2bに直接流出して路盤層2b内において水平各方向に流れて広範囲に拡散してしまい、それによる間隙水圧の散逸効果も期待できる。
As described above, after covering the original ground 1 with the pavement surface 2 and providing the drainage channels 3 at the predetermined intervals, when the original ground 1 is liquefied, the drainage channel 3 becomes a weak point. In the surrounding area, excess pore water eruption or sand sand tends to occur on the surface.
However, in that case, excess pore water generated in the original ground 1 is collected from the original ground 1 into the water collecting layer 4 as shown by thin arrows in FIGS. Since it flows into the U-shaped groove 5 from 4 through the water inlet 6 and flows down in the U-shaped groove 5 and drains quickly, the pore water pressure in the original ground 1 is effectively dissipated and excessively increased. Is effectively prevented.
In this case, if the upper part of the U-shaped groove 5 is simply opened, or if the lid 7 having water permeability as described above is attached, a large amount of excess pore water flows into the U-shaped groove 5. Since some of the water overflows to the ground surface as shown by the broken arrows, the pore water pressure can be dissipated earlier.
Moreover, in this embodiment, as shown to Fig.3 (a), the depth of the U-shaped groove 5 is made smaller than the layer thickness of the roadbed layer 2b of the pavement surface 2, and the upper part of the water collection layer 4 is a roadbed. Since it is formed in a state of being directly connected to the bottom of the layer 2b, it is conceivable to drain excess pore water using the roadbed layer 2b. That is, if the above-mentioned roadbed layer 2b is formed as a gravel layer filled with gravel like the water collection layer 4, a part of the excess pore water collected in the water collection layer 4 at the time of liquefaction occurs. As indicated by the broken arrow in the middle, it flows directly from the upper part of the water collection layer 4 to the roadbed layer 2b, flows in each horizontal direction in the roadbed layer 2b and diffuses over a wide area. it can.

一方、そのように過剰間隙水が排水路3を通して排水されることに伴い、原地盤1中の砂も図3(a)に太矢印で示すように過剰間隙水とともに集水層4に流入しようとするが、集水層4には礫材が充填されているので集水層4への砂の流入は自ずと阻止されてしまい、したがって排水路3を通して地表に噴砂が生じることは有効に防止される。   On the other hand, as the excess pore water is drained through the drainage channel 3, the sand in the raw ground 1 will also flow into the water collection layer 4 together with the excess pore water as shown by the thick arrows in FIG. However, since the water collecting layer 4 is filled with gravel material, the inflow of sand into the water collecting layer 4 is naturally blocked, and therefore, it is effectively prevented that sand blows up on the ground surface through the drainage channel 3. The

すなわち、本発明の構造は原地盤1の液状化の発生自体を防止するものではなく、液状化時に生じる過剰間隙水を排水路3によって積極的に集水し排水することにより、液状化が発生した場合においても間隙水圧の過度の上昇を抑制し、以て噴砂の発生には至らずにそれを有効に防止することを可能としたものである。
これにより、本発明によれば、液状化が発生しても舗装面2に大きな不陸や沈下、浮き上がりが生じて長期にわたって使用不能になるといった最悪の事態を未然に回避し得るものとなる。
したがって本発明によれば、液状化の発生自体を防止する場合に比べて遙かに簡便かつ低コストで重大な液状化被害を有効に防止することが可能であり、特に広大な敷地全体を対象とする場合等において現実的かつ合理的な液状化防止対策として有効である。
しかも、本発明における排水路3は通常時には舗装面2に対する雨水排水路としても利用可能(換言すれば、通常の雨水排水路を液状化発生時には本発明における排水路3として機能させることが可能)である。したがって、広大な敷地を対象とするような場合には、そこに設置される雨水排水路を液状化発生時には本発明における排水路3として機能するように上記実施形態のような構成としておくことのみで、排水路3を設置するためのコストをさらに削減することが可能である。
That is, the structure of the present invention does not prevent the occurrence of liquefaction of the original ground 1 itself, but liquefaction occurs when excess pore water generated during liquefaction is actively collected and drained by the drainage channel 3. Even in this case, an excessive increase in the pore water pressure can be suppressed, so that it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of the blown sand without causing it.
Thereby, according to this invention, even if liquefaction generate | occur | produces, the worst situation that a big unevenness, subsidence, and a lift will arise on the pavement surface 2 and it becomes unusable over a long term can be avoided beforehand.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent significant liquefaction damage at a much simpler and lower cost than the case of preventing the occurrence of liquefaction itself. This is effective as a realistic and reasonable liquefaction prevention measure.
Moreover, the drainage channel 3 in the present invention can be used as a rainwater drainage channel for the pavement surface 2 at normal times (in other words, a normal rainwater drainage channel can function as the drainage channel 3 in the present invention when liquefaction occurs). It is. Therefore, in the case of targeting a large site, the rainwater drainage installed in the site is only configured as in the above embodiment so that it functions as the drainage 3 in the present invention when liquefaction occurs. Thus, the cost for installing the drainage channel 3 can be further reduced.

以上で本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内であれば、すなわち原地盤1を被覆する舗装面2の要所に礫材を充填した集水層4とU字溝5からなる排水路3を設けて、その排水路3により過剰間隙水を集水して排水することによって地表への噴砂を防止する構造とする限りにおいて、さらに様々な設計的変更や応用が可能である。   Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is within the range not departing from the gist of the present invention, that is, the pavement surface 2 covering the original ground 1. A drainage channel 3 composed of a water collecting layer 4 filled with gravel material and a U-shaped groove 5 is provided at a key point, and excess pore water is collected and drained by the drainage channel 3 to prevent sand blowing to the surface. As long as the structure is adopted, various design changes and applications are possible.

たとえば、集水層4は過剰間隙水を効率的に集水可能であるとともに砂による目詰まりが生じ難いものであることが必要であるので、図5に示すように、集水層4の周囲に通水性を有しかつ砂の通過を阻止する濾材としてのジオテキスタイル10を設けることが考えられ、これにより集水層4への砂の流入をジオテキスタイル10によって防止しつつ過剰間隙水のみを支障なく集水層4に対して流入させることが可能である。   For example, the water collection layer 4 needs to be able to collect excess pore water efficiently and is not easily clogged with sand, so as shown in FIG. It is conceivable to provide a geotextile 10 as a filter medium that has water permeability and prevents the passage of sand, thereby preventing the inflow of sand into the water collecting layer 4 and preventing only excess pore water from being disturbed. It is possible to flow into the water collecting layer 4.

また、図6(a),(b)に示すように、集水層4の底部からその下方の原地盤1に向けて、液状化発生時に原地盤1から過剰間隙水を集水層4に積極的に集水させるための鉛直ドレーン11を所定間隔で設けることも考えられる。この場合、鉛直ドレーン11は液状化の発生を防止する目的で設置するのではなく、あくまで液状化発生時の過剰間隙水の集水を目的とするものであり、したがって鉛直ドレーン11は原地盤1の深部に至るようにその全体にわたって設置する必要はなく、排水路3の底部周辺から過剰間隙水を効率的に集水し得るように設置することで十分である。   Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, excess pore water is transferred from the base ground 1 to the water collection layer 4 when liquefaction occurs from the bottom of the water collection layer 4 toward the base ground 1 below the water collection layer 4. It is also conceivable to provide vertical drains 11 for positive water collection at predetermined intervals. In this case, the vertical drain 11 is not installed for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of liquefaction, but is intended only for collecting excess pore water when liquefaction occurs. Therefore, the vertical drain 11 is used for the original ground 1. It is not necessary to install over the entire area so as to reach the deep part, and it is sufficient to install so that excess pore water can be efficiently collected from the periphery of the bottom of the drainage channel 3.

1 原地盤(液状化地盤)
1a 表層
1b 液状化層
2 舗装面
2a 表層
2b 路盤層
3 排水路
4 集水層
5 U字溝
6 通水口
7 蓋体
8 栓体
9 メッシュ
10 ジオテキスタイル
11 鉛直ドレーン
1 Original ground (liquefied ground)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a Surface layer 1b Liquefaction layer 2 Pavement surface 2a Surface layer 2b Subbase layer 3 Drainage channel 4 Catchment layer 5 U-shaped groove 6 Water inlet 7 Lid body 8 Plug body 9 Mesh 10 Geotextile 11 Vertical drain

Claims (4)

地震時に液状化を生じる懸念のある原地盤を対象として、該原地盤が液状化を生じた際に地表への噴砂を防止するための構造であって、
前記原地盤の表面を舗装面によって被覆するとともに、該舗装面の要所に、底部が前記原地盤に達する深さに形成されて液状化発生時に該原地盤において生じる過剰間隙水を集水して排水するための排水路を所定間隔で設け、
前記排水路を、前記原地盤に形成された溝内に礫材を充填してなる集水層と、該集水層の上部に設置されたU字溝により構成し、該U字溝の底部に前記集水層に通じる通水口を設け
前記U字溝の底部に設けた前記通水口に、常時閉とされかつ液状化発生時に前記原地盤において生じる前記過剰間隙水の水圧により開かれる栓体を装着してなることを特徴とする噴砂防止構造。
Targeting the ground where there is a concern of liquefaction during an earthquake, this structure is to prevent sand buffing to the surface when the ground is liquefied.
The surface of the original ground is covered with a pavement surface, and excess pore water formed at the bottom of the pavement surface at a depth that reaches the original ground at the important point of the pavement surface is generated in the original ground when liquefaction occurs. Provide drainage channels for draining at regular intervals,
The drainage channel is constituted by a water collecting layer formed by filling gravel material in a groove formed in the raw ground, and a U-shaped groove installed on the upper part of the water collecting layer, and a bottom portion of the U-shaped groove Provided with a water inlet leading to the water collection layer ,
The sand flow, which is provided with a plug that is normally closed and opened by water pressure of the excess pore water generated in the raw ground when liquefaction occurs, at the water inlet provided at the bottom of the U-shaped groove. Prevention structure.
請求項1記載の噴砂防止構造であって、
前記U字溝の上部に、該U字溝内に流入した前記過剰間隙水を地表に溢水させるための通水性を有する蓋体を装着してなることを特徴とする噴砂防止構造。
A sand boils prevention structure of claim 1 Symbol placement,
A sandblast prevention structure, wherein a lid having water permeability for allowing the excess pore water that has flowed into the U-shaped groove to overflow to the ground surface is attached to the upper part of the U-shaped groove.
請求項1または2記載の噴砂防止構造であって、
前記集水層の周囲に、通水性を有しかつ砂の通過を阻止する濾材としてのジオテキスタイルを設けてなることを特徴とする噴砂防止構造。
A sandblast prevention structure according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A sandblast prevention structure comprising a geotextile as a filter medium having water permeability and preventing sand from passing around the water collecting layer.
請求項1,2または3記載の噴砂防止構造であって、
前記集水層の底部からその下方の原地盤に向けて、液状化発生時に該原地盤において生じる前記過剰間隙水を前記集水層に集水するための鉛直ドレーンを設けてなることを特徴とする噴砂防止構造。
A sandblast prevention structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3 ,
A vertical drain for collecting the excess pore water generated in the original ground when liquefaction occurs from the bottom of the water collecting layer toward the original ground below the water collecting layer. A sand-sand prevention structure.
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