JP5918538B2 - 医薬の生物活性を改善するための方法 - Google Patents
医薬の生物活性を改善するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5918538B2 JP5918538B2 JP2011544787A JP2011544787A JP5918538B2 JP 5918538 B2 JP5918538 B2 JP 5918538B2 JP 2011544787 A JP2011544787 A JP 2011544787A JP 2011544787 A JP2011544787 A JP 2011544787A JP 5918538 B2 JP5918538 B2 JP 5918538B2
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Classifications
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- C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
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- C07C257/00—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines
- C07C257/10—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines
- C07C257/18—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, the doubly-bound oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a doubly-bound nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom not being further bound to an oxygen atom, e.g. imino-ethers, amidines with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. amidines having carbon atoms of amidino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C259/12—Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups with replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group by nitrogen atoms, e.g. N-hydroxyamidines
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Description
芳香族および脂肪族化合物のN−酸化、S−酸化、N−脱アルキル、O−脱アルキル、S−脱アルキル、脱アミノ化、脱ハロゲン化およびヒドロキシル化
を触媒する。
したがって、本発明の目的は、シトクロームP450(CYP450)酵素に依存しない生物活性化の経路を採用したプロドラッグシステムを提供することである。この目的は、特許請求の範囲に記載された事項によって達成される。従属クレームは、発明の有利な態様を提供する。
を有する部分構造を含むプロドラッグによって達成される。
一般式IIbで表される部分構造が、代謝後に式
一般式(I)または(II)
高次構造IIaの代わりにIIa−1またはIIa−2
高次構造IIbの代わりにIIb−1またはIIb−2
一態様において、本発明の目的は、ペプチジルグリシンαアミド化モノオキシゲナーゼ(PAM)によって薬剤を活性化するための、プロドラッグの使用によって達成される。
本発明のさらなる側面において、本発明の目的は、患者へのプロドラッグの投与を含む、患者を処置するための方法によって達成される。
本発明のさらなる側面において、本発明の目的は、薬剤を製造するためのプロドラッグの使用によって達成される。
一態様において、本発明の目的は、薬剤またはプロドラッグが、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、DNA−インターカレート化合物およびRNA−インターカレート化合物、ウイルス酵素の阻害剤、ならびにN−メチル−D−アスパラギン酸受容体アンタゴニストからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、プロドラッグの使用によって達成される。
一態様において、本発明の目的は、一酸化窒素欠乏に関連する疾患の処置のために設計された薬剤であることを特徴とする、前記クレームのいずれか一項に記載の薬剤によって達成される。
一般式(I)または(II)
一態様において、本発明の目的は、部分構造が、ヒドロキシルアミン、N−オキシド、ニトロン、ジアゼニウムジオラート(NONOat)または類似のN−O−含有一酸化窒素ドナー、ヒドロキサム酸、ヒドロキシ尿素、オキシム、アミドキシム(Nヒドロキシアミジン)、N−ヒドロキシアミジノヒドラゾンあるいはN−ヒドロキシグアニジンの一部であることを特徴とする、薬剤の使用によって達成される。
さらなる利点は、本発明により提案するN−O−含有官能基のエーテル化−(アルコキシカルボニル)アルキルエーテルまたは(アリールオキシ)アルキルエーテルを用いる−が、親油性を大きく増加させて受動拡散を可能にし、これによりバイオアベイラビリティおよび/または血液脳関門の横断が向上することである。
Wand et al. [Metabolism 1985、34、11、1044]は、異なるヒト組織におけるPAMの活性を分析し、CNSの組織において(特に下垂体において)最も高い活性を検出した。対照的に、典型的な異物代謝の臓器、肝臓と腎臓において、活性は認められなかった。計画されたプロドラッグ概念をまた利用することができる活性が、血漿、心臓および肺で同様に検出された。
本発明によるプロドラッグシステムは、アミジンまたはグアニジン官能基を有する種々の薬剤に適用することができる。以下の薬剤が特に好ましい:
この目的のため、HPLC分析を開発した。ベンズアミドキシムに対するキャリブレーション線は、決定された濃度の範囲で線形的であり(r2=1.000)、回収率は130.6%であった(r2=0.999)。2つの独立した実験(n=2)は、KM値307±80μMおよびVmax値393±40nmolmin−1mg−1PAMとなった。図2はかかる決定の代表的な例示である。
ベンズアミドキシムモデル化合物1に基づいて、O−カルボキシメチル官能基はPAMから除去されるが、モノオキシゲナーゼ反応の意味の範囲内において、シトクロームP450からは除去されない。
CYP450基質の研究のために、PAM基質のために開発したHPLC分析を、さらに考えられる代謝産物N,N’−ジフェニルグアニジンの検出が、ヒドロキシグアニジン4のN−還元の生成物として可能になるように改変した。pH6.0およびpH7.4で、4とN,N’−ジフェニルグアニジンのいずれも、180分のインキュベーションタイム後の用いたCYP450酵素源のいずれにおいても検出されなかった。
改変されたO−カルボキシメチルベンズアミドキシム一水和物のナトリウム塩(1)Koch [Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1889、22、3161]による手順:
Waters 1525 ポンプ、Waters 2487吸収検出器、Waters 717 Plus オートサンプラーおよびBreeze記録および評価ソフトウェア(バージョン3.30)、Gynkotek STH 585カラムオーブンを備えたWaters Breeze HPLCシステム
C-18プレカラム(4 x 3mm)(Phenomenex)を備えたSynergiMax-RP80A(250 x 4.6mm、4μm);
LiChroCART、LiChrospher100、LiChrospher60プレカラムを備えたRP-8(125 x 4mm、5μm)、RP-selectB(4 x 4mm、5μm)(Merck);
LiChroCART、LiChrospher60プレカラムを備えたLiChrospher RP-selectB(250 x 4.6mm、5μm)、RP-selectB(4 x 4mm、5μm)(Merck)
Cary 50紫外可視分光光度計(Varian);96−ウェルプレート(Greiner);GFL-1083振とう水浴(Gesellschaft fuer Labortechnik、Burgwedel);マイクロリットル遠心分離機(Hettich GmbH);LiQ Plast pH 電極(Hamilton)付InoLab pH Level 1 pH測定デバイス(Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werkstaetten GmbH、Weilheim);VF2ボルテクサー(vortexer)(Janke und Kunkel GmbH & Co. KG、Staufen);1.5 ml反応器(Sarstedt AG & Co.、Nuembrecht)
ブタ肝ミクロソームおよび上清9000g:
豚の肝臓は、地元の肉屋(Bordesholm)から調達し、臓器は、屠殺後、氷冷した20mM リン酸バッファー(1mM NA2 EDTA、pH7.4)中で、直接輸送した。さらなる処理のために、まず肝葉を50mM リン酸バッファー(1mM NA2 EDTA、pH7.4)で灌流し、洗浄した。組織片に切断し、市販の肉挽き器に通した。懸濁液を等量のリン酸バッファーで希釈し、フローホモジナイザーを用いてホモジナイズした。さらに、差動超遠心分離することによってミクロソームおよび上清9000グラムを得た。貯蔵のために、得られた標本は、小分けして−80℃で凍結した。
ヒトミクロソームを得るために、クリスチャン−アルブレクト大学(Christian-Albrecht University)大学病院の外科の、部分的肝切除を受けなければならなかった癌患者からヒト肝組織を得た。
典型的な300μl(総量)のインキュベーションバッチに、25000 U/ml ペプチジルグリシンα−アミド化モノオキシゲナーゼ(PAM、会社名:Unigene Laboratories)、250U/ml カタラーゼ、1μM 銅(II)(酢酸/水和物として採用)、2mM アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、5mM ヨウ化カリウムおよび0.1mMまたは1mMの濃度のそれぞれの基質を、種々のpH値を有するバッファー中に入れた。使用したバッファー系は、pH6.0でのインキュベーションのために30mM MESならびにpH7.4のインキュベーションのために50mM HEPESであった。pH値は、それぞれの場合において希水酸化ナトリウムで調整した。インキュベーションを37℃で60分間振とう水浴中で行い、100μlを取り出し、反応を50μl 10%TFA(aq)/アセトニトリル(2:3)で停止させた。残りのバッチは、37℃で別に180分間インキュベートし、100μl 10%TFA(aq)/アセトニトリル(2:3)で停止させた。
タンパク質が除かれたインキュベーションバッチ200μlを20μlのフェニルヒドラジン溶液(2mlaqua bidest中20mg)と混合し、37℃で5分間振とう水浴中で振とうした。その後、混合物を15分間で0℃まで冷却し、100μl 氷冷6NのHClを加え、0℃でさらに5分間放置した。その後、20μl のヘキサシアノ鉄酸(III)カリウム溶液(2mlaqua bidest中100mg)を加えた。バッチを、室温で15分間放置し、200μlをプレートリーダー(Cary 50紫外可視分光光度計、520nm)を用いる測定のために取り出した。
キャリブレーション:
5点キャリブレーションについて、アッセイバッファー(pH6.0):10%TFA(aq)/アセトニトリル(2:3)の2:1混合物中の2、5、10、50および100μM濃度のグリオキサル酸を上記のとおり測定した。このキャリブレーションは、実施したテスト化合物の各アッセイに対して同時に行った。
キャリブレーションのために、ベンズアミドキシムを0.1〜500μMの8つの濃度で溶解し、アッセイバッファー(30mM MES、1μM 酢酸銅(II)、2mM アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、5mM ヨウ化カリウム、pH6.0)中に溶解し、上述のHPLC法を用いて測定した。
回収を決定するために、アッセイバッファー(エンド容量=100μl)中に同濃度のものを製造した。さらに、O−カルボキシメチルベンズアミドキシム(0.5mM)および250U/mlカタラーゼを加え、50μl10%TFA(aq)/アセトニトリル(2:3)を続いて加えた。サンプルを、ボルテクサーを用いて振とうし、−80℃で凍結させた。サンプルを測定するために、それらを解凍し、ボルテクサーを用いて5分間振とうし、10000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。
キャリブレーションのために、N−ヒドロキシ−N’,N”−ジフェニルグアニジン(4)を0.1〜500μMの8つの濃度で溶解し、アッセイバッファー(30mM MES、1μM 酢酸銅(II)、2mM アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、5mM ヨウ化カリウム、pH6.0)中に溶解し、上述のHPLC法を用いて測定した。
回収を決定するために、アッセイバッファー(エンド容量=100μl)中に同濃度のものを製造した。さらに、N−カルボキシメトキシ−N’,N”−ジフェニルグアニジン(3)(0.5mM)および250U/mlカタラーゼを加え、50μl10%TFA(aq)/アセトニトリル(2:3)を続いて加えた。サンプルを、ボルテクサーを用いて振とうし、−80℃で凍結させた。サンプルを測定するために、それらを解凍し、ボルテクサーを用いて5分間振とうし、10000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。
典型的な500μl(総量)のインキュベーションバスに、0.3mgタンパク質(豚またはヒト肝臓酵素源)、0.1mM(または1mM)のテスト化合物を、100mM リン酸バッファー(pH6.0またはpH7.4)および1mM NADH(またはNADPH)中に入れた。バッファー中の酵素およびテスト化合物の5分間プレインキュベーション後、インキュベーションを開始し、NADH(またはNADPH)を追加し、生成物を振とう水浴槽で37℃60分間または180分間振とうした。反応を同量のアセトニトリルを加えることによって停止し、ボルテクサーを用いて振とうし、−80℃で凍結させた。
サンプルを分析するために、それらを解凍し、ボルテクサーを用いて5分間振とうし、5分間10000rpmで遠心分離することによって、タンパク質を分離した。上清をHPLC分析に用いた。
Claims (7)
- 一般式IIaまたはIIb
- プロドラッグが薬剤のプロドラッグであり、
一般式IIaで表される部分構造が、代謝後に式
一般式IIbで表される部分構造が、代謝後に式
- 請求項1または2に記載のプロドラッグを含む、医薬組成物。
- 一酸化窒素欠乏に関連する疾患の処置のための、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 内臓および/または皮膚のリーシュマニア症、トリパノソーマ症、トリパノソーマ症の第2相またはPneumocystis cariniiによって引き起こされる肺炎の予防および/または処置のため、悪性腫瘍の成長を阻害するため、血液凝固を阻害するため、血圧を下げるため、神経保護のため、またはインフルエンザおよびHIV感染を含むウイルス感染に対抗するための、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- ペプチジルグリシンαアミド化モノオキシゲナーゼ(PAM)によって薬剤を活性化するための、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1または2に記載のプロドラッグの、医薬組成物を製造するための使用。
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DE102006034256A1 (de) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-31 | Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel | Verbesserung der Bioverfügbarkeit von Wirkstoffen mit Amidinfunktion in Arzneimitteln |
DE102008005484A1 (de) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-23 | Schaper, Wolfgang, Dr. | Induktion und Förderung der Arteriogenese |
DE102008007440A1 (de) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Dritte Patentportfolio Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co.Kg | Aminosäurederivate als Arzneistoffe |
DE102008007381A1 (de) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-13 | Dritte Patentportfolio Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co.Kg | Amidine und Guanidine und deren Derivate zur Behandlung von Krankheiten |
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2009
- 2009-01-09 DE DE102009004204A patent/DE102009004204A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2010-01-08 AU AU2010204395A patent/AU2010204395B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-01-08 KR KR1020117018381A patent/KR20110102506A/ko active Application Filing
- 2010-01-08 BR BRPI1004900A patent/BRPI1004900A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-01-08 KR KR1020167008107A patent/KR20160042140A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-01-08 RU RU2011133233/15A patent/RU2550969C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-01-08 EP EP10706476.8A patent/EP2376074B1/de active Active
- 2010-01-08 SG SG2011049897A patent/SG172911A1/en unknown
- 2010-01-08 KR KR1020147036393A patent/KR20150015002A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-01-08 CA CA2749009A patent/CA2749009A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-08 CN CN2010800042610A patent/CN102378628A/zh active Pending
- 2010-01-08 SG SG10201504075YA patent/SG10201504075YA/en unknown
- 2010-01-08 US US13/143,866 patent/US20120077876A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-08 WO PCT/DE2010/000009 patent/WO2010078867A1/de active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2550969C2 (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
CA2749009A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
EP2376074B1 (de) | 2019-03-13 |
US20120077876A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
KR20110102506A (ko) | 2011-09-16 |
IL213955A (en) | 2016-12-29 |
KR20150015002A (ko) | 2015-02-09 |
CN102378628A (zh) | 2012-03-14 |
KR20160042140A (ko) | 2016-04-18 |
BRPI1004900A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
SG10201504075YA (en) | 2015-06-29 |
DE102009004204A1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
SG172911A1 (en) | 2011-08-29 |
AU2010204395B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
IL213955A0 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
AU2010204395A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
JP2012514608A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
EP2376074A1 (de) | 2011-10-19 |
WO2010078867A1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
RU2011133233A (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
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