JP5896523B2 - Method for producing leafy vegetables having soft white portion - Google Patents
Method for producing leafy vegetables having soft white portion Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、軟白部を有する葉菜類の生産方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing leafy vegetables having a soft white portion.
例えばアスパラガス、セロリ、ネギ等の葉菜類の栽培において、軟白部をつくるための軟白化（軟白処理）が行われている。軟白部を形成することによって、繊維を減らして葉茎を軟らかくするとともに、食味（例えば甘み等）を良くすることができる。このため、葉菜類の土耕による栽培（露地栽培）では、軟白部をつくるために、葉菜類の葉をひもで巾着状に束ねる方法のほか、葉菜類の根元周辺を土で覆う方法等によって遮光する処置がとられている。 For example, in the cultivation of leafy vegetables such as asparagus, celery, and leek, softening (softening treatment) is performed to create a soft white portion. By forming the soft white portion, the fiber can be reduced to soften the leaf stem and the taste (for example, sweetness) can be improved. For this reason, in cultivation (open field cultivation) of leafy vegetables, in order to create a soft white part, in addition to a method of bundling the leaves of leafy vegetables in a purse-like shape with a string, a method of shielding the light by surrounding the roots of leafy vegetables with soil, etc. Has been taken.
これに対し、最近では、容器等を葉菜類にかぶせることによって軟白処理を行う方法が提案されている。より具体的には、土中に差込可能な脚部を有する遮光性資材からなる円錐もしくは円錐台形状容器を萌芽した栽培植物にかぶせることを特徴とする植物の軟白栽培方法（特許文献１）、植物の軟白栽培において、両端開口部を有する中空の遮光性資材の筒状の支持部材の上方を、植物の茎部の伸長に基づいた押圧力に任せて押し上げられるフィルム状の遮光性資材よりなる可動部材で覆った植物の軟白栽培器具（特許文献２）等が知られている。その他にも、軟白処理するための種々の装置・方法等が提案されている（特許文献３、特許文献４等）。 On the other hand, recently, a method has been proposed in which a soft white treatment is performed by covering a leaf vegetable with a container or the like. More specifically, a soft-white cultivation method for plants characterized by covering a germinated cultivated plant with a cone or truncated cone-shaped container made of a light-shielding material having legs that can be inserted into the soil (Patent Document 1). From the film-shaped light-shielding material that is pushed up by the pressing force based on the elongation of the stem portion of the plant, in the light-white cultivation of the plant, above the cylindrical support member of the hollow light-shielding material having both end openings A plant soft white cultivation instrument (Patent Document 2) covered with a movable member is known. In addition, various apparatuses and methods for soft white processing have been proposed (Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, etc.).
しかしながら、これらの軟白処理の方法を養液栽培に適用しようとする場合、養液（水溶液）、葉菜類の葉等から発生した多量の水蒸気が逃げ場を失って容器中に滞留するため、これが葉菜類の腐敗の原因となる。そのような腐敗はたとえ葉茎の一部分に生じたものであったとしても、高い品質を求められる商業用の葉菜類としては商品価値が全くなくなってしまうため、結局は廃棄処分等にせざるを得ない。このため、商業用に販売される葉菜類を中心として、養液栽培においても腐敗が生じないような栽培方法の開発が切望されているのが現状である。 However, when these soft-white treatment methods are applied to hydroponics, a large amount of water vapor generated from the nutrient solution (aqueous solution), leaves of leaf vegetables, etc. loses escape and stays in the container. Causes corruption. Even if such spoilage occurs in a part of the leaf stem, the commercial value of leafy vegetables for commercial use that requires high quality is completely lost, so it must be disposed of in the end. . For this reason, the present condition is that development of the cultivation method which does not produce spoilage also in the hydroponic cultivation centering on the leaf vegetables sold for commercial use is anxious.
従って、本発明の主な目的は、葉菜類の養液栽培において、葉菜類を腐敗させることなく、より確実に軟白部をつくりだすことができる方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a soft white portion more reliably without causing the leaf vegetables to rot in the hydroponics of leaf vegetables.
本発明者は、従来技術の問題点に鑑みて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の構造を有する部材を用いて養液栽培を行うことにより上記目的を達成できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies in view of the problems of the prior art, the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by performing hydroponics using a member having a specific structure, and to complete the present invention. It came.
すなわち、本発明は、下記の軟白部を有する葉菜類の生産方法に係る。
１． 軟白部を有する葉菜類を養液栽培によって生産する方法であって、側面に複数のスリット部を有する筒状体で葉菜類の苗の地上部の少なくとも下部を覆いながら当該苗を育成する工程を含む、軟白部を有する葉菜類の生産方法。
２． 地上部の下部は、当該苗の根元から、当該苗の地上部の最長葉の全長の２０〜９０％の長さまでの領域である、前記項１に記載の生産方法。
３． 葉茎部を束ねて締め付けるように当該筒状体を設置する、前記項１又は２に記載の生産方法。
４． スリット部から葉茎部のはみ出しを防止するためのはみ出し防止部材をさらに設ける、前記項１〜３のいずれか記載の生産方法。
５． 筒状体の側面全体に対するスリット部が占める面積の割合が１０〜８０％である、前記項１〜４のいずれか記載の生産方法。
６． 葉菜類がエンダイブである、前記項１〜５のいずれか記載の生産方法。
That is, this invention relates to the production method of the leaf vegetables which have the following soft white part.
1. A method for producing leafy vegetables having a soft white portion by hydroponics, comprising a step of growing the seedling while covering at least the lower part of the ground part of the leafy vegetable seedling with a cylindrical body having a plurality of slit parts on the side surface, A method for producing leafy vegetables having a soft white portion.
2. Item 2. The production method according to Item 1, wherein the lower part of the ground part is a region from the root of the seedling to a length of 20 to 90% of the total length of the longest leaf of the ground part of the seedling.
3. Item 3. The production method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the cylindrical body is installed so as to bind and tighten leaf stems.
4). Item 4. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, further comprising a protrusion preventing member for preventing protrusion of the leaf stem portion from the slit portion.
5. Item 5. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the ratio of the area occupied by the slit portion to the entire side surface of the cylindrical body is 10 to 80%.
6). Item 6. The production method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the leafy vegetables are endive.
本発明によれば、特定の構造を有する部材を用いて葉菜類の栽培を行うので、葉菜類を腐敗させることなく、軟白部を有する葉菜類をより確実に生産することができる。このような方法は、葉菜類により高い品質が求められる商業用の作物の生産に最適である。 According to the present invention, since leaf vegetables are cultivated using a member having a specific structure, leaf vegetables having a soft white portion can be more reliably produced without causing leaf vegetables to decay. Such a method is optimal for the production of commercial crops that require higher quality for leafy vegetables.
本発明における軟白部を有する葉菜類の生産方法は、軟白部を有する葉菜類を養液栽培によって生産する方法であって、側面に複数のスリット部を有する筒状体で葉菜類の苗の地上部の少なくとも下部を覆いながら当該苗を育成する工程を含むことを特徴とする。 The method for producing leafy vegetables having a soft white portion in the present invention is a method for producing leafy vegetables having a soft white portion by hydroponics, and is a cylindrical body having a plurality of slit portions on the side surface, and at least the above-ground part of the leafy vegetable seedling. It includes a step of growing the seedling while covering the lower part.
本発明の生産方法を適用できる葉菜類としては、従来より軟白処理されている植物のほか、必要に応じて軟白処理できる植物であれば特に限定されない。例えば、セロリ、ネギ、チコリー、ギョウジャニンニク、ズイキ、エンダイブ、コマツナ、ホウレンソウ、ミズナ、レタス、ハクサイ等が挙げられる。本発明の生産方法は、後記の実施例にも示すように、特にエンダイブに最適である。 Leaf vegetables to which the production method of the present invention can be applied are not particularly limited as long as they are plants that have been subjected to soft white treatment as well as plants that can be subjected to soft white treatment as necessary. For example, celery, leek, chicory, gyoja garlic, suiki, endive, komatsuna, spinach, mizuna, lettuce, Chinese cabbage and the like. The production method of the present invention is particularly suitable for endive, as will be described later in Examples.
本発明の生産方法は、養液栽培を前提とするものであるが、土以外の固形培地耕による栽培であっても良いし、水耕栽培であっても良い。固形培地としては、ロックウール耕、ポリウレタン耕等の人工培地のほか、おがくず耕、もみ殻耕等の天然培地であっても良い。また、水耕栽培の場合は、流動法、静置法等のいずれでも良い。本発明は、特に水蒸気が多量に発生しやすい水耕栽培に好適である。 Although the production method of the present invention is premised on hydroponics, it may be cultivated by solid medium cultivation other than soil or hydroponics. The solid medium may be an artificial medium such as rock wool or polyurethane, or a natural medium such as sawdust or rice husk. Moreover, in the case of hydroponics, any of a fluid method, a stationary method, etc. may be used. The present invention is particularly suitable for hydroponics where water vapor is likely to be generated in large quantities.
本発明の生産方法では、側面に複数のスリット部を有する筒状体で葉菜類の苗の地上部の少なくとも下部を覆いながら当該苗を育成する工程を含む。例えば、水耕栽培においては、苗を固定する支持パネルが苗の根元に配置されているが、その支持パネルより上部側の葉茎を側面に複数のスリット部を有する筒状体で覆う。 The production method of the present invention includes a step of growing the seedling while covering at least the lower part of the above-ground portion of the leaf vegetable seedling with a cylindrical body having a plurality of slit portions on the side surface. For example, in hydroponics, a support panel for fixing a seedling is disposed at the base of the seedling, and the leaf stem on the upper side of the support panel is covered with a cylindrical body having a plurality of slit portions on the side surface.
上記筒状体としては、上下に開口部を有する筒状体を用いる。そして、本発明では、筒状体側面に複数のスリット部を形成することによって、スリット部が通気口としての役割を果たし、筒状体内部に水蒸気が滞留する状態を未然に回避できる結果、例えば昆虫、細菌、枯れ等による腐敗を効果的に抑制ないしは防止することが可能となる。側面に複数のスリット部を有する筒状体の形態は、前記のような葉茎の腐敗を防止できる限り、特に制限されない。例えば、図１に示すような筒状体を採用することができる。図１の筒状体１１は、その上下に上方開口部１３ａ及び下方開口部１３ｂを有する。側面１２に３つの三角形状スリット部１４ａ、１４ｂ、１４ｃが設けられている。そして、筒状体の上方開口部１３ａから苗を挿入するように筒状体を配置し、当該地上部の下部（すなわち、根元に近い領域の葉茎）を覆う。地上部の上部（すなわち、根元から遠い領域の葉茎）は、開口部１３ａからはみ出すようにしても良いし、地上部の上部を開口部１３ａからはみ出さないようにしても良い。特に、本発明では、苗の地上部の上部を筒状体の上方開口部１３ａからはみ出すように設置することが好ましい。筒状体からはみ出させる場合において、その下部の割合（筒状体で覆う高さ）は特に限定されないが、当該苗の根元から当該苗の地上部の最長葉の全長の２０〜９０％の長さまでの領域とすることが好ましい。 As the cylindrical body, a cylindrical body having openings at the top and bottom is used. And in the present invention, by forming a plurality of slit portions on the side surface of the cylindrical body, the slit portion serves as a vent, and a state in which water vapor stays inside the cylindrical body can be avoided beforehand, for example, It becomes possible to effectively suppress or prevent spoilage caused by insects, bacteria, withering, and the like. The form of the cylindrical body having a plurality of slit portions on the side surface is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent leaf rot as described above. For example, a cylindrical body as shown in FIG. 1 can be employed. 1 has an upper opening 13a and a lower opening 13b at the top and bottom thereof. Three triangular slit portions 14 a, 14 b and 14 c are provided on the side surface 12. And a cylindrical body is arrange | positioned so that a seedling may be inserted from the upper opening part 13a of a cylindrical body, and the lower part (namely, leaf stem of the area | region near a root) of the said ground part is covered. The upper part of the above-ground part (that is, the leaf stem of the region far from the root) may protrude from the opening part 13a, or the upper part of the above-ground part may not protrude from the opening part 13a. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to install the upper part of the above-ground part of the seedling so as to protrude from the upper opening 13a of the cylindrical body. When protruding from the cylindrical body, the ratio of the lower part (height covered with the cylindrical body) is not particularly limited, but it is 20 to 90% of the total length of the longest leaf of the ground part of the seedling from the root of the seedling. It is preferable to set it as the above area.
本発明で用いる筒状体に関し、筒状体の正面の形状（側面形状）は限定的でなく、例えば図３に示すように長方形（図３（ａ））、台形（図３（ｂ）（ｃ））等のいずれであっても良い。また、筒状体の断面形状は、図１のように円形であっても良いし、例えば楕円形、正方形、長方形等のいずれの形状であっても良い。筒状体の材質も制限されず、例えば合成樹脂、ゴム、セラミックス（陶器）、ガラス、紙、金属等のいずれも採用することができる。また、筒状体は、透光性、遮光性等のいずれであっても良く、栽培する葉菜類の種類等に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、後記の実施例で示すように、葉菜類としてエンダイブを栽培する場合は、遮光性の筒状体を好適に使用することができる。 Regarding the cylindrical body used in the present invention, the shape of the front surface (side surface shape) of the cylindrical body is not limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a rectangular shape (FIG. 3A), a trapezoidal shape (FIG. 3B) ( c)) or the like. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical body may be circular as shown in FIG. 1, or may be any shape such as an ellipse, a square, and a rectangle. The material of the cylindrical body is not limited, and any of synthetic resin, rubber, ceramics (pottery), glass, paper, metal, and the like can be used. In addition, the cylindrical body may be any of translucency, light shielding, and the like, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of leaf vegetable to be cultivated. For example, as shown in the examples below, when cultivating endive as leafy vegetables, a light-shielding cylindrical body can be suitably used.
筒状体の内径（あるいは断面積）の大きさは、栽培する葉菜類の種類等に応じて適宜設定することができるが、特に、葉菜類の葉茎部のすべてを束ねて締め付けるようにできることが好ましい。換言すれば、自然に放射状に広がろうとする葉茎部を強制的に束ね、いわゆる巾着状の形状にできるように筒状体の径を調整することが好ましい。このように強制的に葉茎部を束ねることによって、軟白部をより効果的につくりだすことができる。 The size of the inner diameter (or cross-sectional area) of the cylindrical body can be appropriately set according to the type of leaf vegetables to be cultivated, and it is particularly preferable that all the leaf stems of leaf vegetables can be bundled and tightened. . In other words, it is preferable to adjust the diameter of the cylindrical body so that the leaf stems that naturally spread radially are forcibly bundled to form a so-called purse-like shape. By forcibly bundling the leaf stems in this way, the soft white portion can be produced more effectively.
筒状体に設けるスリットについて、スリット数、スリット形状等も栽培する葉菜類の種類、所望の軟白部のサイズ等に応じて適宜設定することができる。スリット数は、２つ以上であれば良く、また互いのスリットの位置関係も適宜決定することができる。スリット形状も、図１に示す筒状体では、スリット形状は三角形状であるが、その他の形態でも良い。例えば、長方形、正方形、半円形等のほか、網目状（メッシュ状）、多孔形状（穴あき形状）等のいずれも選択することができる。筒状体側面の全体（スリット部の面積も含む。）に対するスリット部の占める面積の割合も限定的でなく、葉菜類の種類等に応じて通常は１０〜８０％の範囲内で適宜設定することができる。 About the slit provided in a cylindrical body, the number of slits, a slit shape, etc. can be suitably set according to the kind of leaf vegetables to grow, the size of the desired soft white part, etc. The number of slits may be two or more, and the positional relationship between the slits can be determined as appropriate. The slit shape is also a triangular shape in the cylindrical body shown in FIG. 1, but other shapes may be used. For example, in addition to a rectangle, a square, a semicircle, and the like, any of a mesh shape (mesh shape), a porous shape (perforated shape), and the like can be selected. The ratio of the area occupied by the slit portion to the entire side surface of the cylindrical body (including the area of the slit portion) is not limited, and is usually set appropriately within a range of 10 to 80% depending on the type of leaf vegetable. Can do.
本発明では、必要に応じて、スリット部から葉茎部のはみ出しを防止するためのはみだし防止部材をさらに設けることもできる。筒状体を設置した後、葉菜類が成長し続けると地上部の下部の周辺から新芽（新葉）が出て、さらにはスリット部からはみ出ることがある。このようなはみ出しを防止することによって、より効果的に軟白部をつくりだすことが可能となる。はみ出し防止部材としては、例えば糸、紐、針金、網、合成樹脂部材（合成樹脂製ベルト等）等を用いることができる。例えば、図２に示すように、はみ出し防止部材として合成樹脂製ベルト２１を用い、スリット部１４ａ、１４ｂ、１４ｃを跨ぐように前記ベルト２１を巻き付ければ、スリット部の通気性を維持しながら新葉のはみ出しを防止することができる結果、より多くの軟白部を形成させることが可能となる。なお、スリット部自体が前記のようにメッシュ状、多孔形状等になっているような場合は、はみ出し防止部材がなくても、効果的にはみ出しを防ぐことは可能である。 In the present invention, a protrusion preventing member for preventing protrusion of the leaf stem part from the slit part can be further provided as necessary. If leafy vegetables continue to grow after installing the tubular body, new shoots (new leaves) may come out from around the lower part of the above-ground part, and may protrude from the slit part. By preventing such protrusion, a soft white portion can be produced more effectively. As the protrusion preventing member, for example, a thread, a string, a wire, a net, a synthetic resin member (such as a synthetic resin belt) can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, if a synthetic resin belt 21 is used as a protrusion preventing member and the belt 21 is wound so as to straddle the slit portions 14a, 14b, and 14c, a new one is maintained while maintaining the air permeability of the slit portion. As a result of preventing the leaf from protruding, more soft white portions can be formed. In addition, when the slit part itself has a mesh shape, a porous shape, or the like as described above, it is possible to effectively prevent the protrusion even without the protrusion preventing member.
本発明の生産方法において、筒状体を設置する時期は、公知の軟白処理と同様にすれば良く、例えば栽培する葉菜類の種類、所望の軟白部のサイズ等によって適宜調節することができる。通常は、エンダイブにおいては収穫日から逆算しておよそ７日前〜２０日前に筒状体を設置し、収穫日まで筒状体を設置しておけば良い。 In the production method of the present invention, the timing for installing the cylindrical body may be the same as in the known soft white treatment, and can be appropriately adjusted depending on, for example, the type of leaf vegetable to be cultivated, the size of the desired soft white portion, and the like. Usually, in the endive, the cylindrical body is installed approximately 7 to 20 days before the reverse of the harvest date, and the cylindrical body is installed until the harvest date.
以下に実施例及び比較例を示し、本発明の特徴をより具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明の範囲は、実施例に限定されない。 The features of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples and comparative examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
実施例１
図２に示すような筒状体を用い、エンダイブの水耕栽培において軟白化を行った。本実施例では、遮光性の塩化ビニル樹脂製パイプ（内径６５ｍｍ×高さ１００ｍｍ）を用い、図２のような略二等辺三角形状（底辺５０ｍｍ×高さ８０ｍｍ）に切り取って、直径上に対向するような３つのスリット部を形成した。次いで、これらのスリット部を跨ぐように、合成樹脂製ベルト２１を２段にして巻き付けた。このようにして、上方開口部及び下方開口部を有するとともに、側面にスリット部を有する筒状体を作製した。
Example 1
The cylindrical body as shown in FIG. 2 was used to soften the endive hydroponics. In this embodiment, a light-shielding polyvinyl chloride resin pipe (inner diameter 65 mm × height 100 mm) is used, and is cut into a substantially isosceles triangle shape (base 50 mm × height 80 mm) as shown in FIG. Three slit portions were formed. Subsequently, the synthetic resin belt 21 was wound in two steps so as to straddle these slit portions. Thus, the cylindrical body which has an upper opening part and a lower opening part, and has a slit part in the side surface was produced.
一方、播種後３０日生育したエンダイブの苗（ｎ＝５本）を通常の水耕栽培装置にそれぞれ配置した。このとき、図４に示すように、各苗３２の根元にリング状ストッパー３３を取り付け、これを浮遊パネル３４の開口部にはめ込み、浮遊パネルの下側に培養液が流通するように苗を配置した。つまり、苗の根は培養液に浸漬された状態として栽培した。各苗の地上部には、上記の筒状体１１（図４ではスリット部の表記は省略する。）の上方開口部から苗を挿入し、苗の地上部の下部を筒状体１１で覆うとともに、最も大きな葉の全長の約２０％が筒状体１１の上方開口部からはみ出るように配置した。この状態で自然光のもとで通常の水耕栽培による育成条件下にて１週間それぞれ栽培した後、筒状体の上方開口部からエンダイブ全体を抜き出して収穫した。得られたエンダイブの中心部を目視で観察したところ、そこには軟白部が形成されていることが確認できた。その後、エンダイブの軟白部とそれ以外の葉（緑葉部）とを切り分け、それぞれの全体重量及び軟白部の重量を測定し、平均値を求めた。その結果、全体重量は約８０ｇ、軟白部はそのうち約４５ｇであった。また、エンダイブの腐敗発生率（腐敗が認められた苗の本数／全ての苗の本数）について調べたが、いずれも腐敗は一切認められず、腐敗発生率は０％であった。 On the other hand, endive seedlings (n = 5) grown for 30 days after sowing were placed in a normal hydroponic cultivation apparatus. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, a ring-shaped stopper 33 is attached to the root of each seedling 32, and this is fitted into the opening of the floating panel 34, and the seedling is arranged so that the culture medium flows under the floating panel. did. That is, the seedling roots were cultivated in a state immersed in a culture solution. A seedling is inserted into the above-ground portion of each seedling from an upper opening of the above-described cylindrical body 11 (the notation of the slit portion is omitted in FIG. 4), and the lower portion of the above-ground portion of the seedling is covered with the cylindrical body 11. At the same time, about 20% of the entire length of the largest leaf was arranged so as to protrude from the upper opening of the cylindrical body 11. In this state, each plant was cultivated for 1 week under normal hydroponics under natural light, and then the entire endive was extracted from the upper opening of the tubular body and harvested. When the center part of the obtained endive was visually observed, it was confirmed that a soft white part was formed there. Thereafter, the soft white part of the endive and the other leaves (green leaf part) were cut out, the total weight of each and the weight of the soft white part were measured, and the average value was obtained. As a result, the total weight was about 80 g, and the soft white portion was about 45 g. Further, the decay rate of endive (the number of seedlings in which decay was observed / the number of all seedlings) was examined, but no decay was observed in all cases, and the decay rate was 0%.
比較例１
筒状体として、図２に示す筒状体において２つのスリット部を有しないものを使用したほかは、実施例１と同様にしてエンダイブ（ｎ＝５本）の水耕栽培を実施した。その後、実施例１と同様にしてエンダイブの全体重量及び軟白部の重量を測定し、平均値を求めた。その結果、全体重量は約８０ｇ、軟白部はそのうち約４５ｇであった。エンダイブの腐敗発生率は約２０％であった。
Comparative Example 1
Endive (n = 5) hydroponics were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cylindrical body shown in FIG. 2 having no two slits was used as the cylindrical body. Thereafter, the total weight of the endive and the weight of the soft white portion were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an average value. As a result, the total weight was about 80 g, and the soft white portion was about 45 g. The endive decay rate was about 20%.
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| JP4507444B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2010-07-21 | 宜彦 水島 | Plant hydroponics equipment |
| JP4252101B1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-04-08 | 株式会社海洋牧場 | Hydroponics method of garlic prunes |
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