JP5871267B2 - A method for separating and recovering powder with a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials with different specific gravity are integrated. - Google Patents

A method for separating and recovering powder with a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials with different specific gravity are integrated. Download PDF

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JP5871267B2
JP5871267B2 JP2012061349A JP2012061349A JP5871267B2 JP 5871267 B2 JP5871267 B2 JP 5871267B2 JP 2012061349 A JP2012061349 A JP 2012061349A JP 2012061349 A JP2012061349 A JP 2012061349A JP 5871267 B2 JP5871267 B2 JP 5871267B2
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一弥 遠山
一弥 遠山
範行 横堀
範行 横堀
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株式会社遠山紙業
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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Description

本発明は、ターポリン、塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙など比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材を個々の材料の粉体からなる混合粉とし、比重の差を利用して混合粉から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法に関する。   In the present invention, a composite material in which different materials with different specific gravities, such as tarpaulin and vinyl chloride resin wallpaper, are integrated into a mixed powder composed of powders of individual materials, and the powder having a large specific gravity is changed from the mixed powder using the difference in specific gravity. The present invention relates to a method for separating and recovering a body.

塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙は、基材としての裏打紙の表面に可塑剤や顔料等を配合した塩化ビニル樹脂層がコーティング法あるいはカレンダー法などで被覆された構造となっている。代表的なターポリンは、ポリエステル平織物等の基布の両面に塩化ビニルやエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体等の樹脂に可塑剤や顔料等を配合した樹脂組成物層をカレンダー加工等の製膜技術により積層した構造となっている。   The vinyl chloride resin-based wallpaper has a structure in which a vinyl chloride resin layer containing a plasticizer, a pigment, or the like is coated on the surface of a backing paper as a base material by a coating method or a calendar method. A typical tarpaulin is a film-forming technology such as calendering a resin composition layer in which plasticizers, pigments, etc. are blended with resins such as vinyl chloride and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer on both sides of a base fabric such as a polyester plain fabric. It has a laminated structure.

製造工程から発生する不具合品、デザイン等の変更品、長期在庫の処分品などの事情により発生する商品に適さないターポリン、塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙などは、再資源化することが望ましい。しかしながら、このような異種材料を一体化した複合材は、それぞれの材料間の接着は強固であり、それぞれの層を分離することは非常に難しいため、再資源化できず、大部分が埋め立て処理、焼却処理等で処理されている。埋め立て処理の場合、例えば壁紙の場合は、基材が紙であるため管理型処分場でなくてはならないので埋め立て処理スペースが限られるなどの問題がある。またターポリン、塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙は、樹脂成分として塩化ビニル樹脂を含むので焼却処理は回避される傾向にある。   It is desirable to recycle tarpaulins and vinyl chloride resin-based wallpaper that are not suitable for products that are generated due to circumstances such as defective products generated from the manufacturing process, modified products such as designs, and products that are out of stock for a long time. However, the composite material that integrates these different materials is strong in the adhesion between the materials, and it is very difficult to separate the layers, so it cannot be recycled and most of them are landfilled. It is processed by incineration. In the case of landfill processing, for example, in the case of wallpaper, there is a problem that the landfill processing space is limited because the base material is paper and must be a managed disposal site. In addition, tarpaulin and vinyl chloride resin-based wallpaper contain vinyl chloride resin as a resin component, so that incineration tends to be avoided.

このような問題を解決するために、異種材料を一体化した複合材の再利用方法、再利用の価値のある塩化ビニル樹脂粉体の分離回収方法が検討、開発されてきた。例えば、特許文献１は、長期在庫品の廃壁紙を、再生材料としてパルプと塩化ビニル樹脂を低コスト且つ高精度に分離回収することを課題として、その解決手段として次のような技術を開示している。この技術は、廃壁紙をストレーナー設置の衝撃粉砕機を用い、基材の切断を抑え綿状の紙繊維に解し被覆ＰＶＣ層と剥離、粉砕して縦円筒形で中心部に円形板を配した風力分離装置の分離塔内を流れる上昇気流に乗せて上部排出口から紙成分を排出回収する、被覆ＰＶＣは、円形板周囲から落下せしめ下部空気補給口から排出回収する方法において、粉砕と分離を一回以上繰り返し行いパルプと塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を回収するものである。また、特許文献２には特許文献１の改良技術として、特許文献１の技術で分離した塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を撹拌機にて撹拌する工程を付加した技術が開示されている。 In order to solve such problems, methods for reusing composite materials in which different kinds of materials are integrated and methods for separating and recovering vinyl chloride resin powders that are worth reusing have been studied and developed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses the following technique as a solution to the problem of separating and collecting pulp and vinyl chloride resin at low cost and high accuracy as waste materials from waste wallpaper of long-term inventory. ing. This technology uses an impact crusher equipped with a strainer to dispose of the waste wallpaper into a cotton-like paper fiber that suppresses cutting of the substrate, peels it off from the coated PVC layer, crushes it, and arranges a circular plate in the center with a vertical cylinder. The coated PVC is discharged and collected from the upper discharge port by placing it on the rising airflow that flows in the separation tower of the wind separation device. The coated PVC is dropped from the periphery of the circular plate and discharged and collected from the lower air supply port. the collects a vinyl chloride resin powder and one or more repetitions carried pulp. Patent Document 2 discloses, as an improved technique of Patent Document 1, a technique in which a step of stirring the vinyl chloride resin powder separated by the technique of Patent Document 1 with a stirrer is disclosed.

特許文献３は、塩化ビニル樹脂壁紙、石膏ボードなどの紙と樹脂または無機素材との積層物、タイルカーペット、防音シート、防水シート、工事用安全ネット、フレキシブルコンテナー等の樹脂層と繊維層との積層物または繊維層に樹脂層を含有した積層物等の複合材料の粉体化物を分離する粉体分離装置とこの粉体分離装置を用いた粉体分離システムに関する技術を開示している。粉体分離装置は、上下方向に延びる筒状体と、筒状体の下部側壁に開口し混合粉がガスと一緒に流入する流入開口と、筒状体内に流入開口と対向する位置に設けられ、上部よりも下部が流入開口に近づくように傾斜された傾斜板と、筒状体の上部に開口し一部の粉体をガスと一緒に流出させる流出開口と、筒状体における流入開口よりも下部に設けられた、粉体を選択的に排出する弁と、を備えるものである。   Patent Document 3 describes a resin layer and a fiber layer such as a vinyl chloride resin wallpaper, a laminate of paper and a resin or an inorganic material such as a plaster board, a tile carpet, a soundproof sheet, a waterproof sheet, a construction safety net, and a flexible container. A technology related to a powder separation device for separating a powdered product of a composite material such as a laminate or a laminate containing a resin layer in a fiber layer and a powder separation system using the powder separation device is disclosed. The powder separation device is provided in a cylindrical body that extends in the vertical direction, an inflow opening that opens in a lower side wall of the cylindrical body and into which mixed powder flows together with gas, and a position that faces the inflow opening in the cylindrical body. An inclined plate that is inclined so that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening than the upper part, an outflow opening that opens to the upper part of the cylindrical body and allows some powder to flow out together with the gas, and an inflow opening in the cylindrical body And a valve for selectively discharging the powder provided in the lower part.

特許文献４は、特許文献３に開示される粉体分離装置を用いた粉体分離システムに好ましく用いられる粉体化装置を開示する文献である。この粉体化装置は、中心軸回りに回転される内筒と、前記内筒と略同軸に配置されて前記内筒を取り囲む外筒と、前記内筒の外周面上に設けられた打撃部材と、外周面に突起が形成されると共に前記内筒の中心軸と平行な軸周りを回転されるロールと、を備え、前記外筒における前記内筒の外周面と対向する位置に、前記外筒の軸方向に伸びるように開口部が設けられ、前記ロールは、前記ロールの外周面の一部が前記開口部を通って前記内筒の外周面と向き合うように前記外筒の外に配置され、前記内筒と前記ロールとは互いに向かい合う外周面同士が互いに異なる方向に移動するようにそれぞれ回転される、というものである。   Patent Document 4 is a document disclosing a pulverization apparatus preferably used in a powder separation system using the powder separation apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 3. The powdering apparatus includes an inner cylinder that is rotated around a central axis, an outer cylinder that is disposed substantially coaxially with the inner cylinder and surrounds the inner cylinder, and a striking member provided on an outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder. And a roll formed with a protrusion on the outer peripheral surface and rotated about an axis parallel to the central axis of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder at a position facing the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder. An opening is provided to extend in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the roll is disposed outside the outer cylinder so that a part of the outer peripheral surface of the roll faces the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder through the opening. The inner cylinder and the roll are rotated so that the outer peripheral surfaces facing each other move in different directions.

特許文献５は、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物から塩化ビニル樹脂を回収する方法を開示する。その方法は、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物に含有される塩化ビニル樹脂を塩化ビニル樹脂の良溶媒で溶解する溶解工程（Ａ）と、溶解工程（Ａ）で良溶媒に溶解しなかった不溶解物を回収する不溶解物回収工程（Ｂ）と、不溶解物回収工程（Ｂ）で回収された不溶解物を塩化ビニル樹脂の良溶媒で洗浄する洗浄工程（Ｃ）と、を備えるというものである。   Patent Document 5 discloses a method for recovering vinyl chloride resin from vinyl chloride resin waste. The method includes a dissolution step (A) in which a vinyl chloride resin contained in vinyl chloride resin waste is dissolved in a good solvent for vinyl chloride resin, and an insoluble matter that has not been dissolved in the good solvent in the dissolution step (A). And an insoluble matter recovery step (B) for recovering the insoluble matter, and a cleaning step (C) for cleaning the insoluble matter recovered in the insoluble matter recovery step (B) with a good solvent of vinyl chloride resin. is there.

特開２００５−２６２０９３号公報JP 2005-262093 A 特開２００６−２７２２４１号公報JP 2006-272241 A 特開２０１０−１４２７３１号公報JP 2010-142731 A 特開２００９−１０１３１５号公報JP 2009-101315 A 特開２００８−６２１８６号公報JP 2008-62186 A

特許文献１および特許文献２に開示された技術では、回収された塩化ビニル樹脂にはパルプ成分が含まれており、床材などの再生資源として実用化するには十分ではないという問題がある。再生された塩化ビニル樹脂を床材などの再資源として実用化するためには、再生された塩化ビニル樹脂の嵩比重（粉体の質量（ｇ）÷粉体の体積（ｃｃ））は０．５以上が必要であるが、特許文献２に開示された技術のベストモードでも嵩比重は０．４２程度である。   The techniques disclosed in Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 have a problem that the recovered vinyl chloride resin contains a pulp component and is not sufficient for practical use as a recycled resource such as flooring. In order to put the recycled vinyl chloride resin into practical use as a resource for flooring or the like, the bulk specific gravity (powder mass (g) ÷ powder volume (cc)) of the recycled vinyl chloride resin is 0. Although 5 or more is necessary, the bulk specific gravity is about 0.42 even in the best mode of the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2.

特許文献４に記載の粉体化装置により得られる粉体は、特許文献３の段落番号００９２〜００９５に記載されているように、２，０００μｍを境界として粒径の相対的に小さい粉体と粒径の相対的に大きい粉体とが混在している。   The powder obtained by the pulverization apparatus described in Patent Document 4 is a powder having a relatively small particle diameter with a boundary of 2,000 μm, as described in Paragraph Nos. 0092 to 0095 of Patent Document 3. A powder having a relatively large particle size is mixed.

本発明者等は、特許文献３の図３に示される粉体分離システムを参考にして、特許文献４に記載されるような粉体化装置を用いて略１０ｍｍ角に粗破砕した塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙を粉体化し、次いで、粉体化装置の後段に直列に接続した４基の粉体分離装置により塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプとを分離したが、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐える塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができなかった。   The present inventors refer to the powder separation system shown in FIG. 3 of Patent Document 3 and use a pulverization apparatus as described in Patent Document 4 to roughly pulverize the vinyl chloride resin into approximately 10 mm square. The wall paper was pulverized, and then the vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp were separated by four powder separators connected in series at the subsequent stage of the pulverizer, but they were put to practical use as recycled resources such as flooring. It was not possible to obtain a vinyl chloride resin powder that can withstand.

特許文献５に記載の技術の難点は、塩化ビニル樹脂の良溶媒であるメチルエチルケトン（ＭＥＫ）を使用することである。ＭＥＫは、揮発性で引火性の高い液体であり、この物質の蒸気は空気より重く、床に沿って移動することがあり遠距離引火の可能性がある。また、短期暴露の影響として、眼、皮膚、気道を刺激する、許容濃度をはるかに超えると意識を喪失することがある、反復暴露の影響として人の生殖に毒性影響を及ぼす可能性がある、など、できれば使用したくない物質である。   The difficulty of the technique described in Patent Document 5 is to use methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which is a good solvent for vinyl chloride resin. MEK is a volatile and highly flammable liquid, and the vapor of this material is heavier than air and may travel along the floor, potentially causing long-distance ignition. In addition, the effects of short-term exposure may irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, which may cause loss of consciousness by far exceeding acceptable levels, and the effects of repeated exposure may have toxic effects on human reproduction. If possible, it is a substance that you do not want to use.

本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材を個々の材料の粉体からなる混合粉とし、比重の差を利用して混合粉から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収するに際して、再資源として実用化に耐える程度に比重の小さい粉体が混在しない比重の大きい粉体を得ることができる分離回収方法を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、塩化ビニル樹脂を含む複合材から塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を分離回収するに際して、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐え得る塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができる分離回収方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve such problems. A composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated is a mixed powder made of individual material powders, and the difference in specific gravity is utilized. An object of the present invention is to provide a separation and recovery method capable of obtaining a powder having a large specific gravity that does not include a powder having a small specific gravity enough to withstand practical use as a resource when separating and collecting a powder having a large specific gravity from a mixed powder. And Further, the present invention provides a separation and recovery method capable of obtaining a vinyl chloride resin powder that can be put to practical use as a recycled resource such as a flooring material when separating and recovering a vinyl chloride resin powder from a composite material containing a vinyl chloride resin. The purpose is to provide.

本発明者等は、鋭意検討した結果、比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材を個々の材料の粉体からなる混合粉とし、比重の差を利用して混合粉から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収するに際して、再資源として実用化に耐える程度に比重の小さい粉体が混在しない比重の大きい粉体を得るためには、粗破砕された比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材のチップを個々の材料の粉体からなる混合粉に粉砕するに際して、粒度の相対的に小さい粉体と粒度の相対的に大きい粉体とが混在している状態をなくすことが重要であること、また、分離方法の異なる複数の工程を採用して徐々に比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離除去することが必要ではないかと考え、本発明を想起するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have made a composite material in which different materials with different specific gravity are integrated into a mixed powder composed of powders of individual materials, and using the difference in specific gravity, the mixed powder has a large specific gravity. In order to obtain a powder with a large specific gravity that does not include a powder with a small specific gravity enough to withstand practical use as a recycling resource, it is necessary to use a composite material that integrates roughly crushed dissimilar materials with different specific gravity. When pulverizing chips into mixed powders made of individual material powders, it is important to eliminate the state where powders with relatively small particle sizes and powders with relatively large particle sizes are mixed. Further, the present inventors have come up with the present invention by considering that it is necessary to separate and remove the powder having a small specific gravity that gradually adheres to the powder having a large specific gravity by employing a plurality of steps having different separation methods.

本発明に係る比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法は、
一） ケーシングに回転自在に支持された回転刃と、前記ケーシング側に固定され前記回転刃と協働して被粉砕物をせん断する固定刃と、前記回転刃の先端軌跡に沿うように円弧状に前記ケーシングに設けられたパンチング直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下であるパンチングスクリーンを備えてなるせん断式粉砕装置を用いて、前記被粉砕物である粗破砕された比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材のチップを前記回転刃と前記固定刃間に作用するせん断力によって粉砕し直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有する粉砕物とする粉砕工程と、
二） 前記粉砕物に含まれる比重の大きい粉体と比重の小さい粉体を分離する第一分離工程であって、
ａ）円筒型の回転篩を備える回転篩式分離装置と当該回転篩式分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記粉砕物を前記回転篩で回転撹拌しながら、前記回転篩式分離装置外の吸引装置により比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、比重の大きい粉体を当該回転篩の篩目を通過させる工程と、
三） 前記回転篩の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第二分離工程であって、
ａ）ケーシング内に傾斜して設置された網状振動体と当該網状振動体の下方に設置したファン装置を備えた比重分離装置であって前記回転篩式分離装置の下方に配設した比重分離装置と当該比重分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記網状振動体を振動すると共に前記ファン装置から空気を当該網状振動体面に吹き上げた状態で、前記回転篩の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体を自然落下により当該振動している網状振動体の面上に投入し、
ｃ）前記比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離し、前記比重分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動せしめ当該網状振動体から排出する工程と、
四） 前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動し当該網状振動体から排出された比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第三分離工程であって、
ａ）第一風力分離装置と当該第一風力分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動し当該網状振動体から排出された比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を風力分離し、前記第一風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させる工程と、を有することを特徴とするものである。 A method for separating and recovering a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravity according to the present invention are integrated,
1) A rotary blade that is rotatably supported by the casing, a fixed blade that is fixed to the casing side and shears the object to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blade, and an arc shape along the tip locus of the rotary blade Using a shearing type pulverizing apparatus provided with a punching screen having a punching diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less provided in the casing, to dissimilarly dissimilar materials with different specific gravity that are roughly crushed. Crushing the integrated composite chip by a shearing force acting between the rotary blade and the fixed blade to obtain a pulverized product having a predetermined particle size in a range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter;
2) a first separation step of separating the powder having a high specific gravity and the powder having a low specific gravity contained in the pulverized product,
a) Using a rotary sieve separator equipped with a cylindrical rotary sieve and a suction device outside the rotary sieve separator,
b) While rotating and agitating the pulverized product with the rotary sieve, the low specific gravity powder is sucked and removed by a suction device outside the rotary sieve separator, and the high specific gravity powder passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve. A process of
3) A second separation step of separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve,
a) A specific gravity separation device including a mesh-like vibrating body installed in an inclined manner in a casing and a fan device installed below the mesh-like vibrating body, the specific gravity separation device disposed below the rotary sieve separation device And a suction device outside the specific gravity separator,
b) A net-like shape in which the powder having a high specific gravity that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve is vibrated by natural fall in a state where the mesh-like vibrator is vibrated and air is blown up from the fan device onto the surface of the mesh-like vibrator. Throw it on the surface of the vibrating body,
c) separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder, suctioning and removing the low specific gravity powder by a suction device outside the specific gravity separation device; A step of moving the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the small powder toward the upper end of the mesh vibrator and discharging the mesh vibrator from the mesh vibrator;
4) A third separation step of separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder that has moved toward the upper end of the reticulated vibration body and discharged from the reticulated vibration body. ,
a) Using the first wind power separator and the suction device outside the first wind power separator,
b) The powder having a low specific gravity adhering to the powder having a large specific gravity is separated by wind from the powder having a high specific gravity that moves toward the upper end of the mesh vibrator and is discharged from the mesh vibrator, and the first wind separation is performed. A step of sucking and removing the powder having a small specific gravity by a suction device outside the apparatus and allowing the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the powder having the small specific gravity to fall naturally below the first wind power separating apparatus. It is characterized by.

本発明においては、前記第三分離工程の後工程として、前記第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第四分離工程を採用することが好ましい。第四分離工程は、
ａ）第二風力分離装置と当該第二風力分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を風力分離し、前記第二風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第二風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させる工程と、を更に有するものである。 In the present invention, as a step subsequent to the third separation step, the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder is separated from the high specific gravity powder that naturally falls below the first wind power separation device. It is preferable to employ the fourth separation step. The fourth separation step is
a) using a second wind power separator and a suction device outside the second wind power separator,
b) The powder having a small specific gravity adhering to the powder having a large specific gravity is wind-separated from the powder having a large specific gravity that has fallen naturally below the first wind power separator, and is sucked by a suction device outside the second wind power separator. A step of sucking and removing the powder having the low specific gravity and allowing the powder having the high specific gravity separated from the powder having the low specific gravity to fall naturally below the second wind power separating apparatus.

本発明によれば、再資源として実用化に耐える程度に比重の小さい粉体が混在しない比重の大きい粉体を得ることができる分離回収方法を提供することができた。また、複合材が塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物である場合には、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐える塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができた。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the separation / recovery method which can obtain the powder with a large specific gravity which does not mix the powder with a small specific gravity to the extent that it can be put into practical use as a resource could be provided. Further, when the composite material is vinyl chloride resin waste, it was possible to obtain vinyl chloride resin powder that can be put to practical use as a recycled resource such as flooring.

実施の形態に係る比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the process of isolate | separating and collect | recovering powder with large specific gravity from the composite material which integrated the dissimilar material from which specific gravity differs which concerns on embodiment. 粉砕工程に用いることができるせん断式粉砕装置の概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the shearing-type grinding | pulverization apparatus which can be used for a grinding | pulverization process. 図２に示すせん断式粉砕装置の要部断面図である。It is principal part sectional drawing of the shearing-type grinding | pulverization apparatus shown in FIG. 実施の形態に係る第一分離工程と第二分離工程を説明する図であり、回転篩式分離装置を正面から見た概略図である。It is a figure explaining the 1st separation process and the 2nd separation process concerning an embodiment, and is the schematic which looked at the rotary sieve type separation device from the front. 図４を側面から見た概略図である。It is the schematic which looked at FIG. 4 from the side. 実施の形態に係る第三分離工程と第四分離工程を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the 3rd separation process and the 4th separation process concerning an embodiment.

本発明に係る比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法は、次のような特徴のある工程を有するものである。即ち、粉砕工程が、パンチング直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下であるパンチングスクリーンを備えるせん断式粉砕装置を用いて、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有する粉砕物とすること、比重の大きい粉体と比重の小さい粉体に分離するために、方式の異なる三つの分離工程を採用すること、しかも、第一分離工程である回転篩式分離装置から第二分離工程である比重分離装置への被分離粉体である比重の大きい粉体の供給は、自然落下による投入であること、である。   The method for separating and recovering a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravity are integrated according to the present invention has the following characteristic steps. That is, the pulverization step uses a shearing pulverizer equipped with a punching screen having a punching diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, and pulverization having a predetermined particle size in the range of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. In order to separate the powder into a powder having a large specific gravity and a powder having a small specific gravity, three separation processes having different methods are adopted, and the second separation process from the rotary sieving separator is the first separation process. The supply of the powder having a large specific gravity, which is the powder to be separated, to the specific gravity separation apparatus, which is the separation step, is to be input by natural fall.

本発明において、比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材としては、比重の大きい塩化ビニル樹脂成分（塩化ビニル樹脂に可塑剤、炭酸カルシウム等の顔料が含有されている。）と比重の小さい有機繊維材料を一体化した塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物が挙げられる。塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物の例としては、例えば、基材としての裏打紙の表面に塩化ビニル樹脂層（塩化ビニル樹脂に可塑剤、炭酸カルシウム等の顔料が含有されている。）が被覆された構造となっている塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙、ポリエステル平織物の基布の両面に塩化ビニル樹脂層（塩化ビニル樹脂に可塑剤、炭酸カルシウム等の顔料が含有されている。）が積層した構造となっているターポリン等が挙げられる。本発明において、塩化ビニル樹脂粉体という場合、塩化ビニル樹脂に可塑剤、炭酸カルシウム等の顔料が含有されているものをいう。また、本明細書においては、塩化ビニル樹脂粉体が比重の大きい粉体であることを明確にするために、比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体ということもある。同様に、パルプが比重の小さい粉体であることを明確にするために、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプということもある。   In the present invention, as a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, a vinyl chloride resin component having a large specific gravity (a vinyl chloride resin contains a pigment such as a plasticizer or calcium carbonate) and an organic material having a small specific gravity. Examples include vinyl chloride resin wastes in which fiber materials are integrated. As an example of the vinyl chloride resin waste, for example, a vinyl chloride resin layer (a vinyl chloride resin contains a plasticizer, a pigment such as calcium carbonate, etc.) is coated on the surface of a backing paper as a base material. The vinyl chloride resin wallpaper and polyester plain fabric base fabric have a structure in which a vinyl chloride resin layer (vinyl chloride resin contains a plasticizer, a pigment such as calcium carbonate) is laminated on both sides. And tarpaulins. In the present invention, the term “vinyl chloride resin powder” means that the vinyl chloride resin contains a pigment such as a plasticizer or calcium carbonate. Moreover, in this specification, in order to clarify that a vinyl chloride resin powder is a powder with a large specific gravity, it may be a vinyl chloride resin powder that is a powder with a large specific gravity. Similarly, in order to clarify that the pulp is a powder having a low specific gravity, the pulp may be a powder having a low specific gravity.

以下、図面に基づいて本発明の実施の形態を説明する。図１は、実施の形態に係る比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する工程を示す図である。ここでは、比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材としては、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物である塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙を例にとって説明する。本発明に係るせん断式粉砕装置を用いた粉砕を効率よく行うためには、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物は最大長さが１０〜２０ｍｍ程度の大きさに粗破砕されていることが好ましい。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a process of separating and collecting a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravity are integrated according to the embodiment. Here, as a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, a vinyl chloride resin wallpaper which is a vinyl chloride resin waste will be described as an example. In order to efficiently perform pulverization using the shearing pulverizer according to the present invention, it is preferable that the vinyl chloride resin waste is roughly crushed to a maximum length of about 10 to 20 mm.

図１中、符号１は供給装置、符号２は配管、符号３は吸引ファン、符号２０はせん断式粉砕装置、符号４は配管、符号５はサイクロン、符号６は配管、符号３０は回転篩式分離装置、符号７は配管、符号４０は比重分離装置、符号８は配管、符号９は配管、符号１０は吸引ファン、符号１１は配管、符号５０は第一風力分離装置、符号１２は配管、符号１３は吸引ファン、符号１４は配管、符号６０は第二風力分離装置、符号１６は比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を回収する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体回収タンク、符号１７は吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター、符号１８は比重の小さい粉体であるパルプを回収するパルプ回収タンクである。   In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a supply device, reference numeral 2 is piping, reference numeral 3 is a suction fan, reference numeral 20 is a shearing pulverizer, reference numeral 4 is piping, reference numeral 5 is a cyclone, reference numeral 6 is piping, reference numeral 30 is a rotary sieve type. Separator, reference numeral 7 is a pipe, reference numeral 40 is a specific gravity separator, reference numeral 8 is a pipe, reference numeral 9 is a pipe, reference numeral 10 is a suction fan, reference numeral 11 is a pipe, reference numeral 50 is a first wind power separator, reference numeral 12 is a pipe, Reference numeral 13 is a suction fan, reference numeral 14 is a pipe, reference numeral 60 is a second wind power separator, reference numeral 16 is a vinyl chloride resin powder recovery tank for recovering a vinyl chloride resin powder which is a powder having a large specific gravity, and reference numeral 17 is a suction A bag filter provided with a device, reference numeral 18 is a pulp recovery tank for recovering pulp which is powder having a small specific gravity.

供給装置１は、粗破砕された塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙（以下、壁紙チップともいう。）をストックし、壁紙チップをせん断式粉砕装置２０に供給するものである。供給装置１とせん断式粉砕装置２０の間の配管２を通って吸引ファン３の吸引力により空気と共に壁紙チップがせん断式粉砕装置２０に供給される。壁紙チップは、最大長さが１０〜２０ｍｍ程度の大きさに粗破砕されていることが好ましい。壁紙チップは、ロール状あるいはシート状の壁紙を、例えば１軸破砕機を搭載した破砕装置を利用して細片化することにより得られる。本実施の形態においては、破砕装置は前段の処理として供給装置１の前段に接続してもよいし、或いは、破砕装置は、この工程とは異なる敷地内に独立に設置されていてもよい。   The supply device 1 stocks roughly crushed vinyl chloride resin-based wallpaper (hereinafter also referred to as wallpaper chip) and supplies the wallpaper chip to the shearing pulverizer 20. Through the pipe 2 between the supply device 1 and the shearing type pulverization device 20, the wallpaper chip is supplied to the shearing type pulverization device 20 together with air by the suction force of the suction fan 3. The wallpaper chip is preferably roughly crushed to a maximum length of about 10 to 20 mm. The wallpaper chip is obtained by stripping a roll-shaped or sheet-shaped wallpaper using, for example, a crushing apparatus equipped with a uniaxial crusher. In the present embodiment, the crushing apparatus may be connected to the front stage of the supply apparatus 1 as a previous stage process, or the crushing apparatus may be independently installed in a site different from this step.

最大長さが１０〜２０ｍｍ程度の大きさに粗破砕されている壁紙チップは、せん断式粉砕装置２０により直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプの混合粉に粉砕される。粉砕工程の詳細については、後で図２、３を参照して説明する。所定の粒度に粉砕された粉砕物である混合粉は空気と共に、せん断式粉砕装置２０から配管４を通ってサイクロン５の吸気口５−１から吸い込まれ、排出口５−２から回転篩式分離装置３０に供給される。回転篩式分離装置３０に供給された混合粉は回転撹拌されながら塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプに分離される。比重の小さい粉体であるパルプは、配管６を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。   The wallpaper chip that has been roughly crushed to a size having a maximum length of about 10 to 20 mm is a vinyl chloride resin powder having a predetermined particle size in the range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter by the shearing pulverizer 20. And pulverized into a mixed powder of pulp. Details of the grinding step will be described later with reference to FIGS. The mixed powder, which is a pulverized product pulverized to a predetermined particle size, is sucked together with air from the shearing pulverizer 20 through the pipe 4 from the intake port 5-1 of the cyclone 5 and separated from the discharge port 5-2 by rotary sieve type separation. Supplied to the device 30. The mixed powder supplied to the rotary sieve separator 30 is separated into vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp while being rotationally stirred. Pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is sucked into the bag filter 17 having a suction device through the pipe 6 and collected in the pulp collecting tank 18.

一方、比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、回転篩式分離装置３０の篩目を通過して、回転篩式分離装置３０の下方に配設されている比重分離装置４０に供給される。篩目を通過した塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、回転篩式分離装置３０の下方に配設されている比重分離装置４０に自然落下により供給される（便宜上、図１中で回転篩式分離装置３０から比重分離装置４０に向う一点鎖線の矢で表す。）が、詳細については後で図４、５を参照して説明する。


On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder having a large specific gravity passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve separator 30 and is supplied to the specific gravity separator 40 arranged below the rotary sieve separator 30. Is done. The polyvinyl chloride resin powder that has passed through the sieve mesh is supplied by natural fall to a specific gravity separator 40 disposed below the rotary sieve separator 30 (for convenience, the rotary sieve separator 30 in FIG. 1). The details will be described later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.


比重分離装置４０に投入された比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体には、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが付着している。比重分離装置４０で分離された比重の小さい粉体であるパルプは、配管６に接続する配管７を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。ここまでの工程では、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離除去されてはいるが、依然として床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐える塩化ビニル樹脂粉体としては不十分である。したがって、更に比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体であるパルプを除去するために、塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、配管８を通って吸引ファン１０の吸引力により空気と共に第一風力分離装置５０に供給される。比重分離装置４０で比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体から比重の小さい粉体であるパルプを分離する工程の詳細については、後で図４、５を参照して説明する。   Pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity, that has been put into the specific gravity separator 40. The pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity separated by the specific gravity separation device 40, is sucked into the bag filter 17 having a suction device through the pipe 7 connected to the pipe 6 and collected in the pulp collection tank 18. In the process so far, the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated and removed, but it is still insufficient as a vinyl chloride resin powder that can be put to practical use as a recycled resource such as flooring. Therefore, in order to remove the pulp, which is a powder having a low specific gravity, which adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a higher specific gravity, the vinyl chloride resin powder passes through the pipe 8 and the suction force of the suction fan 10. Is supplied to the first wind power separator 50 together with the air. Details of the process of separating the pulp, which is a powder having a low specific gravity, from the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a high specific gravity, by the specific gravity separator 40 will be described later with reference to FIGS.

第一風力分離装置５０に空気と共に供給される塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプと比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に分離される。分離されたパルプは、空気の流れにより第一風力分離装置５０の上方に舞い上がり、配管６に接続する配管１１を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。一方、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離除去された塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、自重により第一風力分離装置５０の下方に落下する。第一風力分離装置５０で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐えるが、更に、第二風力分離装置６０で微量に付着する比重の小さい粉体であるパルプを分離除去することにより、床材などの再生資源として品質の優れた塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができる。   The vinyl chloride resin powder supplied together with air to the first wind power separating apparatus 50 is separated into pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, and vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity. The separated pulp rises above the first wind power separation device 50 by the air flow, passes through the pipe 11 connected to the pipe 6, is sucked into the bag filter 17 having a suction device, and is collected in the pulp collection tank 18. . On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder from which the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, has been separated and removed falls below the first wind power separator 50 by its own weight. The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained by the first wind separator 50 can withstand practical use as a recycled resource such as a flooring material. Further, the pulp is a powder having a small specific gravity attached to the second wind separator 60 by a small amount. By separating and removing the resin, it is possible to obtain vinyl chloride resin powder having excellent quality as a recycled resource such as flooring.

自重により第一風力分離装置５０の下方に落下する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、配管１２を通って吸引ファン１３の吸引力により空気と共に第二風力分離装置６０に供給され、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプと比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に分離される。分離されたパルプは、空気の流れにより第二風力分離装置６０の上方に舞い上がり、配管６に接続する配管１４を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。一方、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離除去された塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、自重により第二風力分離装置６０の下方に落下する。落下した塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、第二風力分離装置６０の下方に設置する傾斜台を滑り落ちて（便宜上、図１中で第二風力分離装置６０から塩化ビニル樹脂粉体回収タンク１６に向う一点鎖線の矢で表す。）塩化ビニル樹脂粉体回収タンク１６に回収される。第一風力分離装置５０及び第二風力分離装置６０による分離工程についての詳細は、後で図６を参照して説明する。   The vinyl chloride resin powder falling below the first wind power separating device 50 due to its own weight is supplied to the second wind power separating device 60 together with air by the suction force of the suction fan 13 through the pipe 12, and is a powder having a small specific gravity. It is separated into a certain pulp and vinyl chloride resin powder which is a powder having a large specific gravity. The separated pulp rises above the second wind power separating device 60 by the air flow, passes through the pipe 14 connected to the pipe 6, is sucked into the bag filter 17 having a suction device, and is collected in the pulp recovery tank 18. . On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder from which the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated and dropped falls below the second wind power separating device 60 by its own weight. The dropped vinyl chloride resin powder slides down an inclined base installed below the second wind separator 60 (for convenience, the second wind separator 60 moves toward the vinyl chloride resin powder recovery tank 16 in FIG. 1). It is represented by an arrow of a one-dot chain line.) It is recovered in the vinyl chloride resin powder recovery tank 16. Details of the separation process by the first wind power separating apparatus 50 and the second wind power separating apparatus 60 will be described later with reference to FIG.

図２は、図１に示す分離回収する工程に組み込まれたせん断式粉砕装置２０の概念図であり、図３は、実施の形態に係るせん断式粉砕装置２０の要部断面図である。図面を参照しながら、せん断式粉砕装置２０により最大長さが１０〜２０ｍｍ程度の大きさに粗破砕されている壁紙チップが、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプの混合粉になる工程について説明する。本発明に係るせん断式粉砕装置２０は、壁紙チップを投入する投入口２０１と、粉砕されて得られた塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプからなる混合粉を排出する排出口２０２を有するケーシング２０８により粉砕室２０９が形成される。粉砕室２０９内にローター２０３とブレード２０４から構成される回転刃２０５がケーシング２０８に回転自在に支持されている。固定刃２０６は、回転刃２０５と協働して壁紙チップをせん断するようにケーシング２０８側に固定配置されている。回転刃２０５の先端軌跡に沿うように円弧状にパンチングスクリーン２０７がケーシング２０８に設けられている。このようなせん断粉砕装置としては、市販のものを利用することができる。   FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the shearing crusher 20 incorporated in the step of separating and collecting shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the shearing crusher 20 according to the embodiment. With reference to the drawings, the wallpaper chip that has been roughly crushed to a size of about 10 to 20 mm by the shearing crusher 20 has a predetermined particle size in the range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter. The process of becoming a mixed powder of the vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp having will be described. The shearing pulverizer 20 according to the present invention is pulverized by a casing 208 having an input port 201 for introducing wallpaper chips and an outlet port 202 for discharging mixed powder made of vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp obtained by pulverization. A chamber 209 is formed. A rotating blade 205 including a rotor 203 and a blade 204 is rotatably supported by a casing 208 in the crushing chamber 209. The fixed blade 206 is fixedly disposed on the casing 208 side so as to shear the wallpaper chip in cooperation with the rotary blade 205. A punching screen 207 is provided on the casing 208 in an arc shape so as to follow the locus of the tip of the rotary blade 205. A commercially available apparatus can be used as such a shearing and grinding apparatus.

本発明においては、パンチングスクリーン２０７のパンチング直径は１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下である。パンチング直径が２．０ｍｍを超えると、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐える塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得るに適した塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプからなる混合粉とすることができない。また、パンチング直径が１．０ｍｍより小さいと粉砕処理能力が落ちるので好ましくない。   In the present invention, the punching diameter of the punching screen 207 is 1.0 mm or greater and 2.0 mm or less. When the punching diameter exceeds 2.0 mm, a mixed powder composed of a vinyl chloride resin powder and a pulp suitable for obtaining a vinyl chloride resin powder that can be put to practical use as a recycled resource such as a flooring material cannot be obtained. Further, if the punching diameter is smaller than 1.0 mm, the pulverizing ability is lowered, which is not preferable.

投入口２０１から投入される壁紙チップは、粉砕室２０９内で回転刃２０５と固定刃２０６に作用するせん断力が粉砕力となって粉砕され、パンチング直径以下に粉砕された混合粉はパンチングスクリーン２０７の穴を通過して排出口２０２に排出される。パンチング直径を超える粉砕物は、パンチングスクリーン２０７に沿って回転刃２０５により連れ回され繰り返し回転刃２０５と固定刃２０６に作用するせん断力によって粉砕され、最終的に粒度のそろった混合粉の全量が排出される。混合粉の粒度はパンチング直径の大きさに規制される。したがって、パンチングスクリーン２０７のパンチング直径を１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の所定の直径とする場合、得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプからなる混合粉は、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有することになる。パンチング穴を通過した混合粉は、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度の塩化ビニル樹脂粉体と所定の粒度の塩化ビニル樹脂粉体にふわふわとした綿状のパルプが纏わりついている状態となっている。本発明においては、パンチングスクリーン２０７のパンチング直径を１．５ｍｍとした場合、最も好ましい結果が得られている。   The wallpaper chip introduced from the inlet 201 is pulverized by the shearing force acting on the rotary blade 205 and the fixed blade 206 in the pulverization chamber 209, and the mixed powder pulverized to a punching diameter or less is punched screen 207. It is discharged to the discharge port 202 through the hole. The pulverized product exceeding the punching diameter is rotated by the rotary blade 205 along the punching screen 207 and repeatedly pulverized by the shearing force acting on the rotary blade 205 and the fixed blade 206. Finally, the total amount of the mixed powder having the uniform particle size is obtained. Discharged. The particle size of the mixed powder is regulated by the punching diameter. Therefore, when the punching diameter of the punching screen 207 is set to a predetermined diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less, the obtained mixed powder composed of the vinyl chloride resin powder and the pulp has a diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. A predetermined particle size in the range of The mixed powder that has passed through the punching holes is made of a vinyl chloride resin powder having a predetermined particle size in a range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter and fluffy cotton pulp fluffing into a vinyl chloride resin powder having a predetermined particle size. It is in a state of being tied up. In the present invention, the most preferable result is obtained when the punching diameter of the punching screen 207 is 1.5 mm.

本発明に係るせん断式粉砕装置２０は、最大長さが１０〜２０ｍｍに粗破砕された壁紙チップを投入口２０１から投入し、モーターＭにより回転する回転刃２０５の回転数を１，５００〜２，５００ｒｐｍ程度とし、パンチング直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下であるパンチングスクリーン２０７とした場合、１５０〜２７０ｋｇ／時程度の粉砕処理能力がある。排出口２０２から排出される塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプからなる混合粉は、空気通路２１０から配管４を通ってサイクロン５に吸い込まれ回転篩式分離装置３０に供給される。   The shearing pulverizing apparatus 20 according to the present invention inputs wallpaper chips roughly crushed to a maximum length of 10 to 20 mm from the input port 201, and sets the rotational speed of the rotary blade 205 rotated by the motor M to 1,500 to 2. When the punching screen 207 has a punching diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less at a speed of about 500 rpm, it has a pulverization capacity of about 150 to 270 kg / hour. The mixed powder made of vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp discharged from the discharge port 202 is sucked into the cyclone 5 through the pipe 4 from the air passage 210 and supplied to the rotary sieve separator 30.

図４と図５を参照しながら、第一分離工程である回転篩式分離装置３０による分離工程と第二分離工程である比重分離装置４０による分離工程について説明する。粉砕装置２０から排出される塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とパルプからなる混合粉は、円筒型の回転篩３１を備える回転篩式分離装置３０に供給される。配管４を通ってサイクロン５の吸気口５−１から吸い込まれ、ロータリーバルブ５−２で概ね１秒間当たり２〜３回転程度の回転数で定量排出される混合粉は、排出口５−３を通って供給口３３から回転篩３１に供給される。回転篩３１は、供給口３３側が排出口３４側より高い位置になるよう傾斜した状態で支柱３６に支持されている。その傾きは水平に対して概ね２５〜３５°である。実施の形態における回転篩式分離装置３０は、概ね１５０〜２７０ｋｇ／時間の処理能力となるように調整されている。   With reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the separation process by the rotary sieve separator 30 which is the first separation process and the separation process by the specific gravity separation apparatus 40 which is the second separation process will be described. The mixed powder composed of the vinyl chloride resin powder and pulp discharged from the pulverizing apparatus 20 is supplied to a rotary sieve type separation apparatus 30 including a cylindrical rotary sieve 31. The mixed powder sucked from the intake port 5-1 of the cyclone 5 through the pipe 4 and discharged quantitatively at a rotational speed of about 2 to 3 revolutions per second by the rotary valve 5-2 passes through the discharge port 5-3. It passes through the supply port 33 and is supplied to the rotary sieve 31. The rotary sieve 31 is supported by the support column 36 in an inclined state so that the supply port 33 side is higher than the discharge port 34 side. The inclination is approximately 25 to 35 ° with respect to the horizontal. The rotary sieve separator 30 in the embodiment is adjusted so as to have a processing capacity of approximately 150 to 270 kg / hour.

回転篩３１は駆動ローラ３５により毎分２５〜３５回転の回転速度で回転し、回転篩３１に供給される混合粉が回転撹拌される。混合粉は、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度の塩化ビニル樹脂粉体とこの塩化ビニル樹脂粉体にふわふわとした綿状のパルプが纏わりついた状態となっているので、回転撹拌されることにより、混合粉から比重の小さい粉体である綿状のパルプが分離し舞い上がる。回転篩３１はその内壁に回転に伴い混合粉を持ち上げることができる撹拌板３２を備えることが好ましい。回転篩３１が概ね半回転したところで持ち上げられた混合粉が滑り落ちて、混合粉から綿状のパルプが分離して舞い上がり易くなる。舞い上がった比重の小さい粉体である綿状のパルプは、排出口３４に連結する配管６を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７の吸引能力は概ね１秒間当たり４５〜５０ｍ３に調整されている。混合粉の２５〜３５質量％のパルプを分離回収することができる。混合粉の６５〜７５質量％の塩化ビニル樹脂粉体が回転篩３１の篩目を通過するが、この塩化ビニル樹脂粉体には比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが概ね１０質量％程度付着している。 The rotary sieve 31 is rotated at a rotational speed of 25 to 35 revolutions per minute by the drive roller 35, and the mixed powder supplied to the rotary sieve 31 is rotationally stirred. The mixed powder has a state in which a vinyl chloride resin powder having a predetermined particle diameter in a range of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less and fluffy cotton-like pulp are gathered around the vinyl chloride resin powder. Therefore, by rotating and stirring, the cotton-like pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated from the mixed powder. The rotary sieve 31 is preferably provided with a stirring plate 32 on its inner wall that can lift the mixed powder as it rotates. The mixed powder lifted when the rotary sieve 31 is approximately half-turned slides down, and the cotton-like pulp is easily separated from the mixed powder. The flocculent pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is sucked into the bag filter 17 including a suction device through the pipe 6 connected to the discharge port 34 and is collected in the pulp collection tank 18. The suction capacity of the bag filter 17 provided with the suction device is generally adjusted to 45 to 50 m 3 per second. 25 to 35% by mass of the mixed powder can be separated and recovered. 65 to 75% by weight of the mixed powder of the vinyl chloride resin powder passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31, and about 10% by weight of pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder. ing.

比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は回転篩３１の篩目を通過する。本発明においては、比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体の粒度は、直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度であることが必須である。せん断式粉砕装置２０からサイクロン５を経て回転篩式分離装置３０に供給される混合粉の粒度は、基本的には直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有するので、回転篩３１の篩目開きは２．０ｍｍを多少超えてもよいが、安全を期するために、回転篩３１の篩目開きは１．０ｍｍ〜２．０ｍｍであることが好ましい。   The vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity, passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31. In the present invention, the particle size of the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity, must be a predetermined particle size having a diameter in the range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. The particle size of the mixed powder supplied from the shearing pulverizer 20 to the rotary sieve separator 30 via the cyclone 5 basically has a predetermined particle size in the range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter. The sieve opening of the rotary sieve 31 may slightly exceed 2.0 mm, but for the sake of safety, the sieve opening of the rotary sieve 31 is preferably 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm.

回転篩３１の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、回転篩３１の下に設けられた粉体受け容器３７に一時的に収容される。粉体受け容器３７の底部には、回転篩３１の篩目を通過して落ちてきた比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を粉体受け容器３７の中央部に集めるスクリューコンベア３８が配置されている。スクリューコンベア３８は中央部に塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を集めるように構成されている。符号３９は円筒状のガイド管であり、後記する比重分離装置４０の粉体投入口４３に連結している。粉体受け容器３７の中央部に集められた塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、円筒状のガイド管３９を通って粉体投入口４３から網状振動体４２の面上のほぼ中央に自然落下するようになっている。第一分離工程である回転篩式分離装置３０から第二分離工程である比重分離装置４０に供給される塩化ビニル樹脂粉体の単位時間当たりの量は、スクリューコンベア３８の回転速度に依存する。スクリューコンベアの回転速度は概ね５〜１０回転／秒に調整されており、８０〜１８０ｋｇ／時の塩化ビニル樹脂粉体が回転篩式分離装置３０から 比重分離装置４０に供給される。   The vinyl chloride resin powder that is a powder having a large specific gravity that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31 is temporarily accommodated in a powder receiving container 37 provided under the rotary sieve 31. At the bottom of the powder receiving container 37, there is a screw conveyor 38 that collects vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity that has fallen after passing through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31, in the center of the powder receiving container 37. Has been placed. The screw conveyor 38 is configured to collect vinyl chloride resin powder at the center. Reference numeral 39 denotes a cylindrical guide tube, which is connected to a powder inlet 43 of a specific gravity separator 40 described later. The vinyl chloride resin powder collected at the center of the powder container 37 passes through the cylindrical guide tube 39 so that it naturally falls from the powder inlet 43 to the substantial center on the surface of the mesh vibrator 42. It has become. The amount per unit time of the vinyl chloride resin powder supplied from the rotary sieve separator 30 as the first separation process to the specific gravity separator 40 as the second separation process depends on the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 38. The rotational speed of the screw conveyor is generally adjusted to 5 to 10 revolutions / second, and 80 to 180 kg / hour of vinyl chloride resin powder is supplied from the rotary sieve separator 30 to the specific gravity separator 40.

第二分離工程で使用する比重分離装置４０は、図５に示すように網状振動体４２が適宜の傾き（上端方向は図面向かって右側であり、下端方向は図面向かって左側である。）をもってケーシング４１内に設置されている。傾斜の程度は、水平に対して概ね３０〜３５°である。網状振動体４２は、偏心クランク（図示せず）の偏心運動により図５に矢印で示すように上端及び下端方向に振動可能とされている。網状振動体４２の振動周期は特に制限はないが概ね４０〜５０サイクル／秒である。図４においては、ケーシング４１内に傾斜して設置された網状振動体４２は図面手前側が下端方向で、図面奥側が上端方向である。網状振動体４２の下方にファン装置４６が設置されている。ファン装置４６は上方に設けられた網状振動体４２の下面に空気を送る作用をなし、空気の風量は概ね１．５〜２．５ｍ３／秒に調整されている。網状振動体４２としては、網目の細かい軟質網状体によって形成したものでもよいが、この軟質網状体の下面に、この軟質網状体よりも網目が粗く、例えば網目の直径が１〜２ｍｍ程度、かつ腰の強い網状体を設置したものであれば、下方から吹き上げられる空気流の整流を行うとともに軟質網状体の補強を行うことができる。 In the specific gravity separator 40 used in the second separation step, as shown in FIG. 5, the mesh vibrator 42 has an appropriate inclination (the upper end direction is on the right side in the drawing, and the lower end direction is on the left side in the drawing). It is installed in the casing 41. The degree of inclination is approximately 30 to 35 ° with respect to the horizontal. The mesh-like vibrating body 42 can vibrate in the upper end and lower end directions as indicated by arrows in FIG. 5 by the eccentric movement of an eccentric crank (not shown). The vibration period of the mesh vibrator 42 is not particularly limited, but is generally 40 to 50 cycles / second. In FIG. 4, the net-like vibrating body 42 installed in an inclined manner in the casing 41 has a lower side in the front side of the drawing and an upper side in the rear side of the drawing. A fan device 46 is installed below the mesh vibrator 42. The fan device 46 has a function of sending air to the lower surface of the mesh-like vibrating body 42 provided above, and the air volume of the air is generally adjusted to 1.5 to 2.5 m 3 / sec. The net-like vibrating body 42 may be formed of a soft mesh having a fine mesh, but on the lower surface of the soft mesh, the mesh is coarser than the soft mesh, for example, the mesh has a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm, and If a firm net is installed, the flow of air blown up from below can be rectified and the soft mesh can be reinforced.

図４及び図５で示すように、第二分離工程で使用する比重分離装置４０は第一分離工程で使用する回転篩式分離装置３０の下方に配設されている。これは、第一分離工程において回転篩３１の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を自重による自然落下により網状振動体４２の面上に投入するためである。網状振動体４２の下方に設置されているファン装置４６から空気を網状振動体４２面に吹き上げた状態で、回転篩３１の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を自然落下により振動している網状振動体４２の面上に投入する。自然落下で投入することにより、下方から吹き上げる空気流により比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離しやすくなる。   As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the specific gravity separation device 40 used in the second separation step is disposed below the rotary sieve separation device 30 used in the first separation step. This is because the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31 in the first separation step, is put on the surface of the mesh-like vibrating body 42 by natural fall due to its own weight. In a state where air is blown up to the surface of the mesh-like vibrating body 42 from the fan device 46 installed below the mesh-like vibrating body 42, a vinyl chloride resin powder that is a powder having a large specific gravity that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve 31 is used. It is put on the surface of the mesh-like vibrating body 42 that vibrates due to natural fall. By introducing by natural fall, the pulp which is a powder having a small specific gravity is easily separated by the air flow blown from below.

前記したように、回転篩式分離装置３０から比重分離装置４０に供給される塩化ビニル樹脂粉体には比重の小さい粒子であるパルプが付着している。網上振動体４２面に自重により自然落下した塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、網上振動体４２の振動により振動力を受け、塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に付着している比重の小さい粉体であるパルプは分離し、更に網状振動体４２面に吹き上げられる空気流によって浮遊せしめられる。分離、浮遊せしめられた比重の小さい粉体であるパルプは、第一排出口４４に連結する配管７を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。   As described above, pulp, which is a particle having a small specific gravity, adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder supplied from the rotary sieve separator 30 to the specific gravity separator 40. The vinyl chloride resin powder that naturally dropped on the surface of the mesh vibrating body 42 due to its own weight receives a vibration force due to the vibration of the mesh vibrator 42 and is a pulp having a small specific gravity attached to the vinyl chloride resin powder. Are separated and floated by the air flow blown up to the surface of the mesh-like vibrator 42. The pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity separated and floated, is sucked into the bag filter 17 including a suction device through the pipe 7 connected to the first discharge port 44 and is collected in the pulp collection tank 18.

一方、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離した比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、網状振動体４２の振動力をより大きく伝達されることによって上端方向に移動して、網状振動体４２の上端に設けられている第二排出口４５から排出される。第二分離工程で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、混合粉の６０〜７０質量％である（混合粉を１００とした場合の回収率。）。この塩化ビニル樹脂粉体には比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが５質量％程度付着している。また、パルプが分離しない塩化ビニル樹脂は、パルプが分離した塩化ビニル樹脂に比べて比重が小さいので、空気流の影響を受け、網状振動体４２の影響を受けにくく網状振動体４２の下端方向に移動して配管８を通って配管４を通る混合粉と合流して再び回転篩式分離装置３０に戻されるようになっている。   On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity separated from the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, moves in the upper end direction due to the greater transmission of the vibration force of the mesh-like vibrating body 42, and the mesh It is discharged from a second discharge port 45 provided at the upper end of the vibrating body 42. The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained in the second separation step is 60 to 70% by mass of the mixed powder (recovery rate when the mixed powder is 100). About 5% by mass of pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, adheres to the vinyl chloride resin powder. The vinyl chloride resin from which the pulp is not separated has a lower specific gravity than the vinyl chloride resin from which the pulp is separated. Therefore, the vinyl chloride resin is less affected by the air flow and less affected by the mesh vibrating body 42, and is directed toward the lower end of the mesh vibrating body 42. It moves and merges with the mixed powder passing through the pipe 8 through the pipe 8 and is returned to the rotary sieve separator 30 again.

第二分離工程で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、第二排出口４５から排出され、第二排出口４５に連結する配管８を通って第三分離工程である第一風力分離装置５０に供給される。図６を参照しながら、第一風力分離装置５０を用いた第三分離工程について説明する。本実施形態に係る第一風力分離装置５０は、主として筒状体５１、流入開口５２、傾斜板５３、流出開口５４、排出開口５５を備えている。   The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained in the second separation step is discharged from the second discharge port 45 and supplied to the first wind power separation device 50 which is the third separation step through the pipe 8 connected to the second discharge port 45. Is done. The third separation step using the first wind power separation device 50 will be described with reference to FIG. The first wind power separating apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment mainly includes a cylindrical body 51, an inflow opening 52, an inclined plate 53, an outflow opening 54, and a discharge opening 55.

筒状体５１は、その軸が上下方向に伸びており断面形状は円形が好ましいが、楕円や正方形であってもよい。流入開口５２から流入する空気が傾斜板５３に衝突し安定した上昇気流となるためには、筒状体５１の縦横比は５以上が好ましい。例えば、内径が３００〜１２００ｍｍとすれば高さは１５００〜８０００ｍｍ程度とすることができる。筒状体５１の下部には、内径が５０〜２００ｍｍ程度の流入開口５２が設けられ、流入開口５２には流入管５２ａが接続されている。流入管５２ａはその先端が配管８に連結している。流入管５２ａには風量を調整するダンパＤ１が設けられている。   The cylindrical body 51 has its axis extending in the vertical direction and the cross-sectional shape is preferably circular, but may be elliptical or square. In order for the air flowing in from the inflow opening 52 to collide with the inclined plate 53 to form a stable rising airflow, the aspect ratio of the cylindrical body 51 is preferably 5 or more. For example, if the inner diameter is 300 to 1200 mm, the height can be about 1500 to 8000 mm. An inflow opening 52 having an inner diameter of about 50 to 200 mm is provided at the lower portion of the cylindrical body 51, and an inflow pipe 52 a is connected to the inflow opening 52. The leading end of the inflow pipe 52 a is connected to the pipe 8. The inflow pipe 52a is provided with a damper D1 for adjusting the air volume.

筒状体５１の底部は排出開口５５となっている。排出開口５５の下には、落下してくる比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を受ける受け皿５６が据えられている。排出開口５５と受け皿５６の間には、後工程である第二風力分離装置６０に接続する配管１２が嵌め込まれている。筒状体５１の上部には内径が５０〜２００ｍｍ程度の流出開口５４が設けられている。流出開口５４には流出管５４ａが接続されている。流出管５４ａはその先端が配管１１に接続している。流入開口５２と対向する筒状体５１の内側壁には、上部よりも下部が流入開口５２に近づくように傾斜した傾斜板５３が設けられている。傾斜板５３が筒状体５１の内側壁となす角θ１は５０〜４０°（傾斜板５３が水平方向とのなす角は４０〜５０°）で好ましい結果が得られる。パルプと塩化ビニル樹脂粉体が最も効率よく分離し、且つ塩化ビニル樹脂粉体が流出開口５４から流出しないように調整して決める。   The bottom of the cylindrical body 51 is a discharge opening 55. Under the discharge opening 55, a receiving tray 56 for receiving vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity falling, is placed. Between the discharge opening 55 and the tray 56, the pipe 12 connected to the second wind power separating apparatus 60, which is a subsequent process, is fitted. In the upper part of the cylindrical body 51, an outflow opening 54 having an inner diameter of about 50 to 200 mm is provided. An outflow pipe 54 a is connected to the outflow opening 54. The tip of the outflow pipe 54 a is connected to the pipe 11. An inclined plate 53 is provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical body 51 facing the inflow opening 52 so that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening 52 than the upper part. An angle θ1 formed by the inclined plate 53 and the inner wall of the cylindrical body 51 is 50 to 40 ° (an angle formed by the inclined plate 53 and the horizontal direction is 40 to 50 °), and a preferable result is obtained. It is determined by adjusting so that the pulp and the vinyl chloride resin powder are separated most efficiently and the vinyl chloride resin powder does not flow out of the outflow opening 54.

第二分離工程で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、第二排出口４５から排出され、第二排出口４５に連結する配管８を通って空気と共に第一風力分離装置５０に供給される。塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、吸引ファン１０と流入管５２ａに設けられたダンパＤ１により２５〜３５ｍ３／秒程度の流量に調整されて、流入開口５２から筒状体５１内に流入する。空気と共に筒状体５１内に流入する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、傾斜板５３に衝突し、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが塩化ビニル樹脂粉体から分離する。分離したパルプは、空気の流れにより第一風力分離装置５０の上方に舞い上がり、流出開口５４から流出し流出管５４ａに接続している配管１１、配管６を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。 The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained in the second separation step is discharged from the second outlet 45 and supplied to the first wind power separator 50 together with air through the pipe 8 connected to the second outlet 45. The vinyl chloride resin powder is adjusted to a flow rate of about 25 to 35 m 3 / sec by the suction fan 10 and the damper D1 provided in the inflow pipe 52a, and flows into the cylindrical body 51 from the inflow opening 52. The vinyl chloride resin powder flowing into the cylindrical body 51 together with the air collides with the inclined plate 53, and the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated from the vinyl chloride resin powder. The separated pulp ascends upward of the first wind power separating device 50 by the air flow, flows out from the outflow opening 54, passes through the pipes 11 and 6 connected to the outflow pipe 54a, and enters the bag filter 17 including the suction device. It is sucked and recovered in the pulp recovery tank 18.

一方、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離除去された塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、自重により第一風力分離装置５０の下方の受け皿５６に落下する。第三分離工程で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、混合粉の５５〜６５質量％である（混合粉を１００とした場合の回収率。）。塩化ビニル樹脂粉体には比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが約１質量％程度付着しているが、嵩比重は０．５〜０．６であり、床材などの再生資源として実用化に耐える。更に、第二風力分離装置６０で塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体であるパルプを分離除去することにより、床材などの再生資源として品質の優れた塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができる。   On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder from which the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, has been separated and dropped, falls on the tray 56 below the first wind power separating apparatus 50 by its own weight. The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained in the third separation step is 55 to 65% by mass of the mixed powder (recovery rate when the mixed powder is 100). About 1% by mass of pulp, which is a powder having a low specific gravity, is attached to the vinyl chloride resin powder, but the bulk specific gravity is 0.5 to 0.6, and it can be put to practical use as a recycled resource such as flooring. Endure. Furthermore, by separating and removing the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, attached to the vinyl chloride resin powder by the second wind separator 60, a vinyl chloride resin powder having excellent quality as a recycled resource such as a flooring material is obtained. be able to.

第四分離工程で使用する第二風力分離装置６０の構造は、傾斜板６３が筒状体６１の内側壁となす角θ２を除いては実質的に第二風力分離装置５０と同じ構造である。第一風力分離装置５０の受け皿５６に落下する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、配管１２を通って空気と共に第二風力分離装置６０に供給される。塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、吸引ファン１３と流入管６２ａに設けられたダンパＤ２により２５〜３５ｍ３／秒程度の流量に調整されて、流入開口６２から筒状体６１内に流入する。空気と共に筒状体６１内に流入する塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、傾斜板６３に衝突し、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが塩化ビニル樹脂粉体から分離する。傾斜板６３が筒状体６１の内側壁となす角θ２は２０〜１０°（傾斜板６３が水平方向とのなす角は７０〜８０°）で好ましい結果が得られる。 The structure of the second wind power separating device 60 used in the fourth separating step is substantially the same as the structure of the second wind power separating device 50 except for the angle θ2 formed by the inclined plate 63 with the inner wall of the cylindrical body 61. . The vinyl chloride resin powder falling on the tray 56 of the first wind separator 50 is supplied to the second wind separator 60 along with the air through the pipe 12. The vinyl chloride resin powder is adjusted to a flow rate of about 25 to 35 m 3 / sec by the suction fan 13 and the damper D2 provided in the inflow pipe 62a, and flows into the cylindrical body 61 from the inflow opening 62. The vinyl chloride resin powder flowing into the cylindrical body 61 together with the air collides with the inclined plate 63, and the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated from the vinyl chloride resin powder. An angle θ2 formed by the inclined plate 63 and the inner wall of the cylindrical body 61 is 20 to 10 ° (an angle formed by the inclined plate 63 and the horizontal direction is 70 to 80 °), and a preferable result is obtained.

分離したパルプは、空気の流れにより第二風力分離装置６０の上方に舞い上がり、流出開口６４から流出し流出管６４ａに接続している配管１４、配管６を通って吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター１７に吸引され、パルプ回収タンク１８に回収される。一方、比重の小さい粉体であるパルプが分離除去された比重の大きい粉体である塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、自重により第二風力分離装置６０の下方の受け皿６６に設置された傾斜台１５上を滑り落ちて塩化ビニル樹脂粉体回収タンク１６に回収される。第四分離工程で得られる塩化ビニル樹脂粉体は、混合粉の約５４〜６４質量％である（混合粉を１００とした場合の回収率。）。したがって、３６〜４６質量％のパルプが回収されることになる。回収タンク１６に回収された塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を倍率２００倍の顕微鏡で観察しても、塩化ビニル樹脂成分の表面にパルプの存在は確認できない。嵩比重は０．７を超えており、床材などの再生資源として品質の優れた塩化ビニル樹脂粉体を得ることができる。   The separated pulp soars above the second wind power separating device 60 by the air flow, and flows out from the outflow opening 64 to the bag filter 17 having a suction device through the piping 14 and the piping 6 connected to the outflow tube 64a. It is sucked and recovered in the pulp recovery tank 18. On the other hand, the vinyl chloride resin powder, which is a powder having a large specific gravity from which the pulp, which is a powder having a small specific gravity, is separated and removed, is placed on the tilt table 15 installed in the tray 66 below the second wind power separating apparatus 60 by its own weight. And is recovered in the vinyl chloride resin powder recovery tank 16. The vinyl chloride resin powder obtained in the fourth separation step is about 54 to 64% by mass of the mixed powder (recovery rate when the mixed powder is 100). Therefore, 36 to 46% by mass of pulp is recovered. Even when the vinyl chloride resin powder recovered in the recovery tank 16 is observed with a microscope having a magnification of 200 times, the presence of pulp on the surface of the vinyl chloride resin component cannot be confirmed. The bulk specific gravity exceeds 0.7, and vinyl chloride resin powder with excellent quality can be obtained as a recycled resource such as flooring.

本発明においては、嵩比重は、ＪＩＳＫ−６７２１に準じて測定する値である。塩化ビニル樹脂粉体に酸化カルシウムなどの顔料を添加調整して床材などに利用することができる。また、回収したパルプは猫砂として利用することができる。   In the present invention, the bulk specific gravity is a value measured according to JISK-6721. A pigment such as calcium oxide can be added and adjusted to the vinyl chloride resin powder and used for flooring. The recovered pulp can be used as cat sand.

本発明は、製造工程から発生する不具合品、デザイン等の変更品、長期在庫の処分品などの事情により発生する、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物を床材などの再資源化に利用することができる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can utilize vinyl chloride resin waste generated due to circumstances such as defective products generated from the manufacturing process, modified products such as designs, and long-term in-stock items for the recycling of flooring materials. .

２０・・・せん断式粉砕装置、２０１・・・投入口、２０２・・・排出口、２０５・・・回転刃、２０６・・・固定刃、２０７・・・パンチングスクリーン、２０８・・・ケーシング、２０９・・・粉砕室、３０・・・回転篩式分離装置、３１・・・回転篩、４０・・・比重分離装置、４１・・・ケーシング、４２・・・網状振動体、４６・・・ファン装置、５０・・・第一風力分離装置、６０・・・第二風力分離装置、５１、６１・・・筒状体、５２、６２・・・流入開口、５３、６３・・・傾斜板、５４、６４・・・流出開口、５５，６５・・・排出開口、１７・・・吸引装置を備えるバグフィルター DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Shear type crusher, 201 ... Input port, 202 ... Discharge port, 205 ... Rotary blade, 206 ... Fixed blade, 207 ... Punching screen, 208 ... Casing, 209 ... Crushing chamber, 30 ... Rotary sieve separator, 31 ... Rotary sieve, 40 ... Specific gravity separator, 41 ... Casing, 42 ... Reticulated vibrator, 46 ... Fan device, 50 ... first wind separation device, 60 ... second wind separation device, 51, 61 ... cylindrical body, 52, 62 ... inflow opening, 53, 63 ... inclined plate 54, 64 ... Outflow opening, 55, 65 ... Discharge opening, 17 ... Bag filter with suction device

Claims (9)

比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法において、
一）ケーシングに回転自在に支持された回転刃と、前記ケーシング側に固定され前記回転刃と協働して被粉砕物をせん断する固定刃と、前記回転刃の先端軌跡に沿うように円弧状に前記ケーシングに設けられたパンチング直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下であるパンチングスクリーンを備えてなるせん断式粉砕装置を用いて、前記被粉砕物である粗破砕された比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材のチップを前記回転刃と前記固定刃間に作用するせん断力によって粉砕し直径が１．０ｍｍ以上２．０ｍｍ以下の範囲の所定の粒度を有する粉砕物とする粉砕工程と、
二）前記粉砕物に含まれる比重の大きい粉体と比重の小さい粉体を分離する第一分離工程であって、
ａ）円筒型の回転篩を備える回転篩式分離装置と当該回転篩式分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記粉砕物を前記回転篩で回転撹拌しながら、前記回転篩式分離装置外の吸引装置により比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、比重の大きい粉体を当該回転篩の篩目を通過させる工程と、
三）前記回転篩の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第二分離工程であって、
ａ）ケーシング内に傾斜して設置された網状振動体と当該網状振動体の下方に設置したファン装置を備えた比重分離装置であって前記回転篩式分離装置の下方に配設した比重分離装置と当該比重分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記網状振動体を振動すると共に前記ファン装置から空気を当該網状振動体面に吹き上げた状態で、前記回転篩の篩目を通過した比重の大きい粉体を自然落下により当該振動している網状振動体の面上に投入し、
ｃ）前記比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離し、前記比重分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動せしめ当該網状振動体から排出する工程と、
四）前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動し当該網状振動体から排出された比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第三分離工程であって、
ａ）第一風力分離装置と当該第一風力分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動し当該網状振動体から排出された比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を風力分離し、前記第一風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させる工程と、を有することを特徴とする比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。 In a method for separating and recovering a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated,
1) A rotary blade that is rotatably supported by the casing, a fixed blade that is fixed to the casing side and that cooperates with the rotary blade to shear the object to be crushed, and has an arc shape along the tip locus of the rotary blade Using a shearing type pulverizing apparatus provided with a punching screen having a punching diameter of 1.0 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less provided in the casing, to dissimilarly dissimilar materials with different specific gravity that are roughly crushed. Crushing the integrated composite chip by a shearing force acting between the rotary blade and the fixed blade to obtain a pulverized product having a predetermined particle size in a range of 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter;
2) a first separation step of separating the powder having a high specific gravity and the powder having a low specific gravity contained in the pulverized product,
a) Using a rotary sieve separator equipped with a cylindrical rotary sieve and a suction device outside the rotary sieve separator,
b) While rotating and agitating the pulverized product with the rotary sieve, the low specific gravity powder is sucked and removed by a suction device outside the rotary sieve separator, and the high specific gravity powder passes through the mesh of the rotary sieve. A process of
3) a second separation step of separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve,
a) A specific gravity separation device including a mesh-like vibrating body installed in an inclined manner in a casing and a fan device installed below the mesh-like vibrating body, the specific gravity separation device disposed below the rotary sieve separation device And a suction device outside the specific gravity separator,
b) A net-like shape in which the powder having a high specific gravity that has passed through the mesh of the rotary sieve is vibrated by natural fall in a state where the mesh-like vibrator is vibrated and air is blown up from the fan device onto the surface of the mesh-like vibrator. Throw it on the surface of the vibrating body,
c) separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder, suctioning and removing the low specific gravity powder by a suction device outside the specific gravity separation device; A step of moving the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the small powder toward the upper end of the mesh vibrator and discharging the mesh vibrator from the mesh vibrator;
4) A third separation step of separating the low specific gravity powder adhering to the high specific gravity powder from the high specific gravity powder that moves toward the upper end of the reticulated vibration body and discharged from the reticulated vibration body. ,
a) Using the first wind power separator and the suction device outside the first wind power separator,
b) The powder having a low specific gravity adhering to the powder having a large specific gravity is separated by wind from the powder having a high specific gravity that moves toward the upper end of the mesh vibrator and is discharged from the mesh vibrator, and the first wind separation is performed. A step of sucking and removing the powder having a small specific gravity by a suction device outside the apparatus and allowing the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the powder having the small specific gravity to fall naturally below the first wind power separating apparatus. A method for separating and collecting powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravity are integrated. 前記第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離する第四分離工程であって、
ａ）第二風力分離装置と当該第二風力分離装置外の吸引装置を用いて、
ｂ）前記第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下した比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を風力分離し、前記第二風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第二風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させる工程と、を更に有することを特徴とする請求項１記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。 A fourth separation step of separating the powder having a small specific gravity attached to the powder having a large specific gravity from the powder having a large specific gravity that has naturally dropped below the first wind power separator;
a) using a second wind power separator and a suction device outside the second wind power separator,
b) The powder having a small specific gravity adhering to the powder having a large specific gravity is wind-separated from the powder having a large specific gravity that has fallen naturally below the first wind power separator, and is sucked by a suction device outside the second wind power separator. The method further comprises a step of sucking and removing the powder having a small specific gravity and allowing the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the powder having the small specific gravity to fall naturally below the second wind power separator. A method for separating and collecting a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated. ａ）第三分離工程に使用する第一風力分離装置が、上下方向に伸びる筒状体と、当該筒状体の下部側壁に開口する流入開口と、当該流入開口と対向する前記筒状体の内側壁に上部よりも下部が当該流入開口に近づくように傾斜して設けられた傾斜板と、前記筒状体の上部に開口する流出開口と、前記筒状体の下部に開口する排出開口と、を備える風力分離装置であり、
ｂ）第三分離工程が、前記流入開口から前記傾斜板に対して、前記網状振動体の上端方向に移動し当該網状振動体から排出された比重の大きい粉体を空気と共に供給して衝突させ、当該比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離し、前記流出開口から前記第一風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第一風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させ、当該自然落下した比重の大きい粉体を前記排出開口から排出する工程である、ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。 a) a first wind power separation device used in the third separation step includes: a cylindrical body extending in a vertical direction; an inflow opening opening in a lower side wall of the cylindrical body; and the cylindrical body facing the inflow opening. An inclined plate provided on the inner wall so that the lower part is closer to the inflow opening than the upper part, an outflow opening that opens at the upper part of the cylindrical body, and a discharge opening that opens at the lower part of the cylindrical body A wind separation device comprising:
b) In the third separation step, powder having a high specific gravity, which is moved from the inflow opening toward the upper end of the mesh-like vibrating body and is discharged from the mesh-like vibrating body, is made to collide with the inclined plate. Separating the powder having a low specific gravity from the powder having the high specific gravity, and removing the powder having the low specific gravity from the outflow opening by a suction device outside the first wind power separation device. And, the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the powder having a small specific gravity is naturally dropped below the first wind power separation device, and the powder having the large specific gravity that has been naturally dropped is discharged from the discharge opening. A method for separating and recovering powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, according to claim 1. ａ）第四分離工程に使用する第二風力分離装置が、上下方向に伸びる筒状体と、当該筒状体の下部側壁に開口する流入開口と、当該流入開口と対向する前記筒状体の内側壁に上部よりも下部が当該流入開口に近づくように傾斜して設けられた傾斜板であって前記第一風力分離装置の傾斜板よりも傾斜が急勾配である傾斜板と、前記筒状体の上部に開口する流出開口と、前記筒状体の下部に開口する排出開口と、を備える風力分離装置であり、
ｂ）第四分離工程が、前記流入開口から前記傾斜板に対して、前記第一風力分離装置の排出開口から排出された比重の大きい粉体を空気と共に供給して衝突させ、当該比重の大きい粉体から当該比重の大きい粉体に付着する比重の小さい粉体を分離し、前記流出開口から前記第二風力分離装置外の吸引装置により当該比重の小さい粉体を吸引除去し、当該比重の小さい粉体が分離した比重の大きい粉体を当該第二風力分離装置の下方に自然落下させ、当該自然落下した比重の大きい粉体を前記排出開口から排出する工程である、ことを特徴とする請求項３記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。 a) a second wind power separating apparatus used in the fourth separation step includes: a cylindrical body extending in a vertical direction; an inflow opening opening in a lower side wall of the cylindrical body; and the cylindrical body facing the inflow opening. An inclined plate provided on an inner wall so that a lower portion is closer to the inflow opening than an upper portion, and the inclined plate is steeper than the inclined plate of the first wind power separator; and the tubular shape An airflow separation device comprising an outflow opening that opens at the top of the body and a discharge opening that opens at the bottom of the cylindrical body;
b) In the fourth separation step, the powder having a high specific gravity discharged from the discharge opening of the first wind power separation apparatus is caused to collide with the inclined plate from the inflow opening and collide with the air, and the specific gravity is high. The powder having a small specific gravity attached to the powder having a large specific gravity is separated from the powder, and the powder having a small specific gravity is sucked and removed from the outflow opening by a suction device outside the second wind power separation device. It is a step of allowing the powder having a large specific gravity separated from the small powder to drop naturally below the second wind power separator, and discharging the powder having the large specific gravity which has been naturally dropped from the discharge opening. how large powder specific gravity from the composite are separated and recovered which integrates different heterogeneous specific gravity material of claim 3, wherein. 前記第一風力分離装置の傾斜板が内側壁となす角は、５０〜４０°であることを特徴とする請求項３記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。   4. The powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, according to claim 3, wherein an angle formed by the inclined plate of the first wind power separating device with an inner wall is 50 to 40 degrees. How to separate and recover. 前記第二風力分離装置の傾斜板が内側壁となす角は、２０〜１０°であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。   The angle formed by the inclined plate of the second wind power separating apparatus with the inner wall is 20 to 10 °. How to separate and recover. 前記回転篩の篩目開きは、１．０ｍｍ〜２．０ｍｍであることを特徴とする請求項１記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。   The method for separating and recovering powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, according to claim 1, wherein the mesh opening of the rotary sieve is 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. . 前記比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材は、塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物であって、比重の大きい塩化ビニル樹脂と比重の小さい有機繊維材料を一体化した塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物であることを特徴とする請求項１乃至７の何れか一項に記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。   The composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated is a vinyl chloride resin waste, and is a vinyl chloride resin waste in which a high specific gravity vinyl chloride resin and a low specific gravity organic fiber material are integrated. A method for separating and recovering a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7. 前記塩化ビニル樹脂系廃棄物は、基材としての裏打紙の表面に塩化ビニル樹脂が被覆した構造となっている塩化ビニル樹脂系壁紙またはポリエステル平織物の基布の両面に塩化ビニル樹脂が積層した構造となっているターポリンであることを特徴とする請求項８記載の比重の異なる異種材料を一体化した複合材から比重の大きい粉体を分離回収する方法。   The vinyl chloride resin waste is formed by laminating vinyl chloride resin on both sides of a vinyl chloride resin wallpaper or polyester plain fabric base fabric that has a structure in which the surface of a backing paper as a base material is coated with vinyl chloride resin. 9. The method for separating and recovering a powder having a large specific gravity from a composite material in which different materials having different specific gravities are integrated, which is a tarpaulin having a structure.
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