JP5849256B2 - Ventilation structure - Google Patents
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- JP5849256B2 JP5849256B2 JP2014097187A JP2014097187A JP5849256B2 JP 5849256 B2 JP5849256 B2 JP 5849256B2 JP 2014097187 A JP2014097187 A JP 2014097187A JP 2014097187 A JP2014097187 A JP 2014097187A JP 5849256 B2 JP5849256 B2 JP 5849256B2
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- 241001503987 Clematis vitalba Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、屋根の流れ方向の下端に通気性を施した通気構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a breathable structure that facilities breathability to the lower end of the flow direction of the roof.
例えば、野地板の先端部分を通気性のある部材で構成し、更に野地板の下端近傍に開口部を設け、軒先部に設けられた通気性を有する部材と開口部を通して、小屋裏や室内など建物内における外気換気を可能とした小屋裏換気構造などが知られている。 For example, the top portion of the field board is made of a breathable member, and further, an opening is provided near the lower end of the field board, and through the air-permeable member and the opening provided at the eaves part, the shed, the room, etc. There is a known attic ventilation structure that allows outside air ventilation inside the building.
しかしながら、上記建築物の小屋裏換気構造では、野地板と通気部材とを対応させて取り付ける必要があり、使用部材の選定や組み付け工程に手間がかかり、施工コストが増加するなどの問題があった。 However, in the roof ventilation structure of the above building, it is necessary to attach the base plate and the ventilation member in correspondence with each other, and there is a problem in that the selection of the member to be used and the assembling process take time and the construction cost increases. .
また軒先部は、美観の観点や、火災発生時など、周囲からの延焼を防止する観点から、防火基準を満たした従来から使用されている通常の材質から形成されるのが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that an eaves part is formed from the normal material currently used which satisfy | filled the fire prevention standard from the viewpoint of aesthetics and the prevention of fire spread from the circumference | surroundings, such as at the time of fire outbreak.
本発明は上記課題を解決し、コストが低く、簡易な構成で、屋根の流れ方向下端に設けられた通気部材を用いる通気構造を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above problems, low cost, with a simple configuration, and an object thereof is to provide a breathable structure that are use the ventilation member provided in the flow direction the lower end of the roof.
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明では通気構造を次のように構成した。
建物の野地板又は広こまい上に設けられた通気通路と、前記通気通路の端部であって、且つ、前記建物の屋根部材の下方に設けられ、その外方に形成された延出部を有する第１水切板と、前記通気通路の端部であって、前記野地板の上面又は前記広こまいの上面に取り付けられ、前記野地板の端部又は前記広こまいの端部で屈曲して下方に延び、前記野地板の下端面又は前記広こまいの下端面を覆うとともに、前記第１水切板とともに前記通気通路へ通じる開口を形成する第２水切板と、を備える。
In order to solve the above problem, the ventilation structure is configured as follows in the present invention.
A ventilation passage provided on the base plate or wide space of the building, and an end portion of the ventilation passage that is provided below the roof member of the building and formed outside thereof. A first draining plate having an end portion of the ventilation passage, which is attached to the upper surface of the field plate or the upper surface of the wide ridge, and is bent at the end portion of the field plate or the end portion of the wide bulge. And a second drainage plate that covers the lower end surface of the base plate or the lower end surface of the wide spring and forms an opening that communicates with the first drainage plate to the ventilation passage.
本発明にかかる通気構造は、次の効果を有している。 The ventilation structure according to the present invention has the following effects .
屋根部材の隙間を通って屋根部材の内側に雨水が浸入しても、野地板上に雨水が溜まることなく、確実に屋根から排出される。 Even through the gap roof member rainwater enters inside the roof element, without accumulating rain water into sheathing roof on the plate, it is reliably discharged from the roof.
本発明にかかる換気機能付き屋根の一実施形態について説明する。
図２、図３に、建物の屋根１０を示す。屋根１０は、棟（図示せず。）を中心とした屋根の片側であり、図の右方を下にして所定角度で傾斜している。以下、屋根１０を、重力の方向を下方、その逆を上方とし、建物の内部から外に向かう方向を外方、その逆を内方として説明する。
One embodiment of a roof with a ventilation function concerning the present invention is described.
2 and 3 show the roof 10 of the building. The roof 10 is one side of the roof centered on a ridge (not shown), and is inclined at a predetermined angle with the right side of the figure facing down. Hereinafter, the roof 10 will be described with the direction of gravity as the downward direction and the reverse as the upward direction, the direction from the inside of the building to the outside as the outward direction, and the reverse as the inward direction.
屋根１０は、野地板１２と、垂木１４と、屋根部材としての瓦１６などから構成されている。垂木１４は、一端が棟木（図示せず。）に取り付けてあり、棟木から先端下がりに傾斜して設けられている。垂木１４上には野地板１２が取り付けられている。野地板１２は、主板部１７と、下部板１８から形成され、下部板１８が、主板部１７の下方に、主板部１７と所定の間隔をあけて取り付けられている。主板部１７と下部板１８の間には間隙が形成され、その間隙が開口部２０となっている。 The roof 10 includes a base plate 12, a rafter 14, tiles 16 as roof members, and the like. One end of the rafter 14 is attached to a purlin (not shown), and is provided so as to be inclined downward from the purlin. A field board 12 is attached on the rafter 14. The base plate 12 is formed of a main plate portion 17 and a lower plate 18, and the lower plate 18 is attached below the main plate portion 17 with a predetermined interval from the main plate portion 17. A gap is formed between the main plate portion 17 and the lower plate 18, and the gap is an opening 20.
垂木１４の下端には、鼻かくし２２が取り付けてある。鼻かくし２２と外壁２６の間には軒天井２４が設けられている。野地板１２、鼻かくし２２、軒天井２４で形成される空間は、小屋裏１５に連通している。また開口部２０は、小屋裏１５に連通して形成されている。 A nose comb 22 is attached to the lower end of the rafter 14. An eaves ceiling 24 is provided between the nostril 22 and the outer wall 26. A space formed by the field plate 12, the nose bark 22, and the eaves ceiling 24 communicates with the hut 15. The opening 20 is formed in communication with the cabin back 15.
野地板１２の上面には、下地材としての防水布３０が敷かれている。防水布３０は、野地板１２のほぼ全面に敷かれており、防水布３０を挟んで、野地板１２上に瓦１６が葺かれている。瓦１６は、かわら桟（図示せず。）等を介して、従来と同様の工法で野地板１２に取り付けられている。 A waterproof cloth 30 as a base material is laid on the upper surface of the field board 12. The waterproof cloth 30 is laid on almost the entire surface of the field board 12, and the tiles 16 are spread on the field board 12 with the waterproof cloth 30 interposed therebetween. The roof tile 16 is attached to the field board 12 by a construction method similar to the conventional one through a straw bar (not shown).
次に、屋根１０の下端部分について説明する。 Next, the lower end portion of the roof 10 will be described.
下部板１８には、水切部材としての水切板３６が取り付けられている。水切板３６は、金属製の薄板からなり、プレス成形等により形成されている。水切板３６は、下部（外方）に延出部３８を具え、上部に立上り部４０を具えている。延出部３８は、図１にも示すように、下部板１８の端部に一致した位置で斜め下方に屈曲されており、下端に返し３９が形成されている。延出部３８は、基本的には鉛直、すなわち水平面と垂直になるように角度を設定することが好ましいが、強風地域では、延出部３８を鉛直より建物の側に傾斜させて取り付けると、雨水の浸入を効果的に防止できる。また、雨樋までの範囲内で、延出部３８を下方に長くすると風の巻き込みを抑制し、雨水の浸入を防止できる。（水切板に関して、以下同じである。）
立上り部４０は、上方に屈曲し、下部板１８の上部端縁にほぼ一致した位置に設けられている。尚水切板３６は、金属製薄板に限らず、他の素材で形成してもよい。
A draining plate 36 as a draining member is attached to the lower plate 18. The drain plate 36 is made of a metal thin plate and is formed by press molding or the like. The draining plate 36 has an extending part 38 at the lower part (outward) and a rising part 40 at the upper part. As shown in FIG. 1, the extending portion 38 is bent obliquely downward at a position coinciding with the end portion of the lower plate 18, and a return 39 is formed at the lower end. It is preferable to set the angle so that the extension part 38 is basically vertical, that is, perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but in a strong wind region, if the extension part 38 is inclined from the vertical to the building side, Infiltration of rainwater can be effectively prevented. Further, if the extending portion 38 is lengthened downward within the range up to the rain gutter, the entrainment of wind can be suppressed and intrusion of rainwater can be prevented. (The same applies to the draining board.)
The rising portion 40 is bent upward and is provided at a position substantially coincident with the upper edge of the lower plate 18. The draining plate 36 is not limited to a metal thin plate and may be formed of other materials.
水切板３６の上面には、通気部材としての波板４２が取り付けられている。波板４２は、樹脂などからなる、断面波状の薄板部材である。波板４２は、断面波状の頂部や底部を結んだ直線が、屋根１０の傾斜方向とほぼ平行になるように取り付けられている。 A corrugated plate 42 as a ventilation member is attached to the upper surface of the draining plate 36. The corrugated plate 42 is a thin plate member having a corrugated cross section made of resin or the like. The corrugated plate 42 is attached so that a straight line connecting the top and bottom of the corrugated section is substantially parallel to the inclination direction of the roof 10.
波板４２の上面には、覆い板４４が取り付けられている。覆い板４４は、水切板３６と同様金属製薄板等で形成されている。覆い板４４は、波板４２の上面を覆うとともに、水切板３６の立上り部４０を跨ってその上方に、下向きに屈曲した屈曲片４８を具えている。 A cover plate 44 is attached to the upper surface of the corrugated plate 42. The cover plate 44 is formed of a thin metal plate or the like, similar to the draining plate 36. The cover plate 44 covers the upper surface of the corrugated plate 42, and includes a bent piece 48 that is bent downward and straddles the rising portion 40 of the draining plate 36.
覆い板４４の上面には、防水布３０が設けられている。防水布３０は、野地板１２の主板部１７から連続して、開口部２０を越え、覆い板４４の上面に載置されている。尚防水布３０は、接着剤等を用いて覆い板４４の上面に接着してもよい。 A waterproof cloth 30 is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 44. The waterproof cloth 30 is placed on the upper surface of the cover plate 44 continuously from the main plate portion 17 of the base plate 12, beyond the opening 20. The waterproof cloth 30 may be bonded to the upper surface of the cover plate 44 using an adhesive or the like.
覆い板４４の上面には、瓦支持部材としての鼻桟５０が設けられている。鼻桟５０は、所定の高さ幅を有する角材であり、覆い板４４を挟んで、波板４２に固定されている。鼻桟５０の下面には、幅方向、つまり屋根１０の傾斜方向に沿って切り欠いた溝５２が形成してあり、溝５２を介して水が通過可能となっている。すなわち、屋根１０の傾斜に沿って防水布３０や覆い板４４の上を流れてきた水が、鼻桟５０が覆い板４４上に取り付けられた状態で溝５２を通って更に下方に流下可能となっている。鼻桟５０の上面には、屋根１０の最下端のかわら１６が載せてある。かかる瓦１６は、鼻桟５０の上面に載せられた状態で野地板１２に固定されている。 A nose bridge 50 as a roof tile support member is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 44. The nose bridge 50 is a square member having a predetermined height and is fixed to the corrugated plate 42 with the cover plate 44 interposed therebetween. A groove 52 cut out along the width direction, that is, the inclination direction of the roof 10 is formed on the lower surface of the nose bridge 50, and water can pass through the groove 52. That is, the water that has flowed on the waterproof cloth 30 and the cover plate 44 along the inclination of the roof 10 can flow further down through the groove 52 with the nose bridge 50 mounted on the cover plate 44. It has become. On the upper surface of the nose bridge 50, the bottom 16 of the roof 10 is placed. The roof tile 16 is fixed to the field board 12 in a state of being placed on the upper surface of the nose bridge 50.
尚、延出部３８と波板４２と覆い板４４とを、予め一体に形成していてもよい。また防水布３０は、鼻桟５０と覆い板４４の間に挟んでもよい。 The extending portion 38, the corrugated plate 42, and the cover plate 44 may be integrally formed in advance. The waterproof cloth 30 may be sandwiched between the nose bridge 50 and the cover plate 44.
次に、屋根１０の作用、効果について説明する。 Next, the operation and effect of the roof 10 will be described.
屋根１０において小屋裏１５内の空気（「内部空気」とする。）は、図１の点線Ａの矢印で示すように野地板１２に設けられた開口部２０を通って野地板１２と防水布３０の間に流出する。野地板１２と防水布３０の間に流出した内部空気は、更に波板４２を通り、屋根１０の軒先から建物の外方に排出される。同様に外気は点線Ａと逆に、軒先から、覆い板４４と水切板３６の間に波板４２で形成された空隙を通って、防水布３０と野地板１２との間に導入される。防水布３０と野地板１２との間に導入された外気は、開口部２０を通って小屋裏１５内に流入する。これにより、建物内部（小屋裏１５内）が外気と換気される。 In the roof 10, the air in the shed 15 (referred to as “internal air”) passes through the opening 20 provided in the field board 12 and the waterproof cloth as indicated by the arrow A in FIG. It flows out during 30. The internal air that flows out between the base plate 12 and the waterproof cloth 30 passes through the corrugated plate 42 and is discharged from the eaves of the roof 10 to the outside of the building. Similarly, contrary to the dotted line A, outside air is introduced between the waterproof cloth 30 and the base plate 12 from the eaves through a gap formed by the corrugated plate 42 between the cover plate 44 and the draining plate 36. The outside air introduced between the waterproof cloth 30 and the field board 12 flows into the cabin back 15 through the opening 20. As a result, the inside of the building (inside the cabin 15) is ventilated with outside air.
また雨水が瓦１６の間を通過して野地板１２に達すると、雨水は、野地板１２上に張られた防水布３０上を、屋根１０の傾斜に沿って流下する。そして雨水が、開口部２０の近傍に至ると、開口部２０の上部を覆って設けられた防水布３０上を流れ、覆い板４４の上面から溝５２を通り、軒先から建物の外に流下する。これにより、雨水が開口部２０から小屋裏等に浸入することがなく、また、雨水が屋根１０に溜まることもない。 When rainwater passes between the tiles 16 and reaches the field plate 12, the rainwater flows down on the waterproof cloth 30 stretched on the field plate 12 along the inclination of the roof 10. When rainwater reaches the vicinity of the opening 20, it flows on the waterproof cloth 30 provided so as to cover the upper part of the opening 20, flows from the upper surface of the cover plate 44 through the groove 52, and flows down from the eaves to the outside of the building. . As a result, rainwater does not enter the cabin from the opening 20, and rainwater does not collect on the roof 10.
このように屋根１０によれば、波板４２より通気通路が十分に確保され、確実な換気作用が得られるとともに、防水布３０により、開口部２０からの雨水の浸入を防ぎ、雨漏りなどを防止できる。しかも、波板４２や防水布３０は、市販の部材を利用できることから、安価で、かつ容易に施工することができる。 As described above, according to the roof 10, a sufficient ventilation path is secured from the corrugated plate 42, and a reliable ventilation function is obtained. In addition, the waterproof cloth 30 prevents rainwater from entering the opening 20 and prevents rain leakage and the like. it can. Moreover, since the corrugated sheet 42 and the waterproof cloth 30 can use commercially available members, they can be constructed inexpensively and easily.
図４に、屋根の他の例を示す。図４に示す屋根１１は、波板４２に代えて通気板４３を設けた以外は、屋根１０の構成と同様の構成を有している。以下同一の部材には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。 FIG. 4 shows another example of the roof. The roof 11 shown in FIG. 4 has the same configuration as that of the roof 10 except that a ventilation plate 43 is provided instead of the corrugated plate 42. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same members, and the description thereof is omitted.
通気部材としての通気板４３は、上板６７と下板６８を上下に平行に具え、その間に支柱部材６９を複数設けて板状部材として形成してあり、上板６７と下板６８の間が四方に通気可能となっている。このように通気板４３を用いて屋根１１を構成しても、上記屋根１０の例と同様建物内の十分な換気性能と、防水性能を具え、かつ瓦１６等の屋根部材を必要な強度で支持することができる。 The ventilation plate 43 as a ventilation member includes an upper plate 67 and a lower plate 68 that are parallel to each other in the vertical direction, and a plurality of support members 69 are provided between the upper plate 67 and the lower plate 68. Can be ventilated in all directions. Even if the roof 11 is configured using the ventilation plate 43 in this manner, the roof member such as the roof tile 16 or the like has sufficient strength with sufficient ventilation performance and waterproof performance in the building as in the example of the roof 10 described above. Can be supported.
更に図５に、屋根の他の例を示す。図５に示す屋根１３は、波板４２および覆い板４４に代えて通気板４５を設けた以外は、屋根１０の構成と同様の構成を有している。以下同一の部材には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。 Further, FIG. 5 shows another example of the roof. The roof 13 shown in FIG. 5 has the same configuration as that of the roof 10 except that a ventilation plate 45 is provided instead of the corrugated plate 42 and the cover plate 44. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same members, and the description thereof is omitted.
通気部材としての通気板４５は、箱型の部材からなり、前後方向（取付け位置においては、屋根１３の傾斜方向）に沿った面が開放され通気可能となっており、かつ内面にいくつかの邪魔板４７が通気方向と直角に設けられている。通気板４５の上板は、上方に延び、開口部２０の上面に被っている。 The ventilation plate 45 as a ventilation member is made of a box-shaped member, and a surface along the front-rear direction (inclined direction of the roof 13 at the mounting position) is open and ventilated. A baffle plate 47 is provided perpendicular to the ventilation direction. The upper plate of the ventilation plate 45 extends upward and covers the upper surface of the opening 20.
このように通気板４５を用いて屋根１３を構成しても、上記屋根１０の例と同様建物内の十分な換気性能と、防水性能を具え、かつ瓦１６等の屋根部材を必要な強度で支持することができる。 Even when the roof 13 is configured using the ventilation plate 45 in this manner, the roof member such as the tile 16 has sufficient strength with sufficient ventilation performance and waterproof performance in the building as in the example of the roof 10 described above. Can be supported.
更に通気板としては、上記例に限らず貫通孔を複数幅方向に貫通させて形成したりして通気性能を形成したものでもよい。 Further, the ventilation plate is not limited to the above example, and a ventilation plate may be formed by penetrating through holes in a plurality of width directions.
図６に、屋根の他の例を示す。この屋根２１は、通気部材が野地板１２と連続して設けられている点を除き、他の構成はほぼ上記屋根の構成と同一である。以下、同一の部材には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。 FIG. 6 shows another example of the roof. The roof 21 is substantially the same as the roof except for the point that the ventilation member is provided continuously with the base plate 12. Hereinafter, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
野地板１２は、垂木１４の下端まで延びておらず、垂木１４の下端から所定長さ上方まで設けられている。野地板１２の下端に連続して、通気部材２３が設けられている。通気部材２３は、図７にも示すように所定の幅を有する長尺の部材で、垂木１４の下端部に取り付けられている。 The field board 12 does not extend to the lower end of the rafter 14 but is provided from the lower end of the rafter 14 to a predetermined length upward. A ventilation member 23 is provided continuously to the lower end of the base plate 12. As shown in FIG. 7, the ventilation member 23 is a long member having a predetermined width, and is attached to the lower end portion of the rafter 14.
通気部材２３は、上板２５と、下板２７と、仕切り板２８（図７参照。）などから構成されている。上板２５は、下板２７より幅（屋根の傾斜方向に沿った長さである。）が広く、下板２７とほぼ平行に設けられている。仕切り板２８は、上板２５と下板２７の間に所定の間隔で取り付けられている。仕切り板２８は互いに平行で、通気部材２３を垂木１４に取り付けた際、屋根の傾斜方向に沿った方向になるよう取り付けられている。 The ventilation member 23 includes an upper plate 25, a lower plate 27, a partition plate 28 (see FIG. 7), and the like. The upper plate 25 is wider than the lower plate 27 (having a length along the inclination direction of the roof) and is provided substantially parallel to the lower plate 27. The partition plate 28 is attached between the upper plate 25 and the lower plate 27 at a predetermined interval. The partition plates 28 are parallel to each other, and are attached so as to be in a direction along the roof inclination direction when the ventilation member 23 is attached to the rafter 14.
これにより通気部材２３の内部に、点線Ａで示すように通気可能な通気路２９が、屋根の傾斜方向に沿った方向に形成されている。更に、上板２５は、上縁が野地板１２の下端に隙間なく当接するように取り付けられている。通気部材２３の上部には鼻桟５０が取り付けられている。鼻桟５０の上部に瓦１６が載せられている。防水布３０は、野地板１２と通気部材２３を跨いで連続して設けられている。尚、上板２５と野地板１２の接合箇所に防水シールなどを貼付してもよい。その他の構成は、上記屋根１０等と同様の構成である。 Thereby, the ventilation path 29 which can ventilate as shown by the dotted line A is formed inside the ventilation member 23 in the direction along the inclination direction of the roof. Furthermore, the upper plate 25 is attached so that the upper edge contacts the lower end of the field plate 12 without a gap. A nose bridge 50 is attached to the upper part of the ventilation member 23. A roof tile 16 is placed on the top of the nose bridge 50. The waterproof cloth 30 is provided continuously across the base plate 12 and the ventilation member 23. A waterproof seal or the like may be affixed to the joint between the upper plate 25 and the base plate 12. Other configurations are the same as those of the roof 10 and the like.
屋根２１は、上述したように構成されているので、図６に示すように小屋裏１５の内部空気は、点線Ａで示すように、上板２５と下板２７の段違いにより形成された開口部３２を通り、通気路２９を通過し、通気部材２３の下端から排出される。また外気が通気路２９を通って小屋裏１５内に流入し、建物内部が外気と換気される。 Since the roof 21 is configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 6, the interior air of the cabin back 15 is an opening formed by a step difference between the upper plate 25 and the lower plate 27 as indicated by a dotted line A. 32, passes through the ventilation path 29, and is discharged from the lower end of the ventilation member 23. Further, outside air flows into the cabin 15 through the air passage 29, and the inside of the building is ventilated with outside air.
屋根２１は、通気部材２３を野地板１２の端部に直接接触させて取り付けられるので、容易に施工することができる。また屋根２１は、通気部材２３と野地板１２の上面を同一平面に形成できるので、瓦１６に限らず、金属製屋根部材やセメント製屋根部材などの平板状の屋根部材を容易に葺くことができる。 Since the roof 21 is attached with the ventilation member 23 in direct contact with the end portion of the base plate 12, it can be easily constructed. Moreover, since the roof 21 can form the upper surface of the ventilation | gas_flowing member 23 and the field board 12 on the same plane, it can spread easily flat roof members, such as a metal roof member and a cement roof member, not only the tile 16. Can do.
図８に、屋根の他の例を示す。この屋根３１は、屋根２１の通気部材２３に変更を加えたもので、他の構成は屋根２１の構成と同一である。以下、同一の部材には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。 FIG. 8 shows another example of the roof. The roof 31 is obtained by changing the ventilation member 23 of the roof 21, and the other configuration is the same as the configuration of the roof 21. Hereinafter, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
屋根３１の通気部材３３は、上板２５と、下板２７と、邪魔板３４などから構成されている。上板２５は、下板２７より幅（屋根の傾斜方向に沿った長さである。）が広く、下板２７とほぼ平行に設けられている。邪魔板３４は、上板２５と下板２７のそれぞれ内側面に、所定の間隔で取り付けられている。邪魔板３４は互いに平行で、通気部材３３を垂木１４に取り付けた際、屋根の桁方向に沿い、かつ邪魔板３４が上下にそれぞれ互い違いに配置されるように取り付けられている。 The ventilation member 33 of the roof 31 includes an upper plate 25, a lower plate 27, a baffle plate 34, and the like. The upper plate 25 is wider than the lower plate 27 (having a length along the inclination direction of the roof) and is provided substantially parallel to the lower plate 27. The baffle plates 34 are attached to the inner surfaces of the upper plate 25 and the lower plate 27 at predetermined intervals. The baffle plates 34 are parallel to each other. When the ventilation member 33 is attached to the rafter 14, the baffle plates 34 are attached along the roof girder direction and alternately arranged vertically.
これにより通気部材３３の内部に、点線Ａで示すような上下に屈曲した通気路３５が、屋根の傾斜方向に沿った方向に形成されている。上板２５は、上縁が野地板１２の下端に隙間なく当接するように取り付けられている。通気部材３３の上面には鼻桟５０が取り付けられている。鼻桟５０の上部に瓦１６が載せられている。防水布３０は、野地板１２と通気部材３３を跨いで連続して設けられている。尚、上板２５と野地板１２の接合箇所に防水シールなどを貼付してもよい。その他の構成は、上記屋根２１等と同様の構成である。 Thereby, the ventilation path 35 bent up and down as shown with the dotted line A is formed in the inside of the ventilation member 33 in the direction along the inclination direction of the roof. The upper plate 25 is attached so that the upper edge contacts the lower end of the base plate 12 without a gap. A nose bridge 50 is attached to the upper surface of the ventilation member 33. A roof tile 16 is placed on the top of the nose bridge 50. The waterproof cloth 30 is provided continuously across the base plate 12 and the ventilation member 33. A waterproof seal or the like may be affixed to the joint between the upper plate 25 and the base plate 12. Other configurations are the same as those of the roof 21 and the like.
屋根３１は、上述したように構成されているので、図８に示すように小屋裏１５の内部空気は、点線Ａで示すように、上板２５と下板２７の段違いにより形成された開口部３２を通り、通気路３５を通過し、通気部材３３の下端から排出される。また外気が通気路３５を通って小屋裏１５内に流入し、建物内部が外気と換気される。更に通気路３５内には邪魔板３４が設けられているので、邪魔板３４によって通気流が屈曲され、雨滴の浸入が遮断される。したがって雨天時、小屋裏１５に外気が流入しても、雨滴が流入することはない。 Since the roof 31 is configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 8, the interior air of the cabin back 15 is an opening formed by a difference in level between the upper plate 25 and the lower plate 27 as indicated by a dotted line A. 32, passes through the ventilation path 35, and is discharged from the lower end of the ventilation member 33. Also, outside air flows into the cabin 15 through the air passage 35, and the inside of the building is ventilated with outside air. Further, since the baffle plate 34 is provided in the air passage 35, the baffle plate 34 bends the air flow and blocks raindrops from entering. Therefore, even when outside air flows into the cabin 15 in the rain, raindrops do not flow.
屋根３１は、通気部材３３を野地板１２の端部に直接接触させて取り付けられるので、容易に施工することができる。また屋根３１は、通気部材３３と野地板１２の上面を同一平面に形成できるので、瓦１６に限らず、金属製屋根部材やセメント製屋根部材などの平板状の屋根部材を容易に葺くことができる。 Since the roof 31 is attached with the ventilation member 33 in direct contact with the end portion of the base plate 12, it can be easily constructed. Moreover, since the upper surface of the ventilation member 33 and the field board 12 can be formed in the same plane, the roof 31 can spread easily flat roof members, such as a metal roof member and a cement roof member, not only the tile 16. Can do.
図９に、図４に示した屋根１１の他の例を示す。この屋根１１は、水切板３６が通気板４３の上板６７に取り付けてある。水切板３６は、上述したように、金属製の薄板からなり、下部（外方）に延出部３８を鉛直、あるいは建物の側に傾斜させて取り付けられている。 FIG. 9 shows another example of the roof 11 shown in FIG. The roof 11 has a draining plate 36 attached to an upper plate 67 of the ventilation plate 43. As described above, the draining plate 36 is made of a thin metal plate, and is attached to the lower portion (outward) with the extending portion 38 inclined vertically or toward the building.
また、水切板５７が、下部板１８の上面に取り付けられている。水切板５７は、例えば金属板からなり、下部板１８の上面から下部板１８の下端で屈曲して下方に延び、下部板１８の下端面を覆っている。その他の構成は、図４に示した屋根１１と同様の構成である。 A draining plate 57 is attached to the upper surface of the lower plate 18. The draining plate 57 is made of, for example, a metal plate, bends from the upper surface of the lower plate 18 at the lower end of the lower plate 18 and extends downward, and covers the lower end surface of the lower plate 18. The other configuration is the same as that of the roof 11 shown in FIG.
このように水切板３６を通気板４３の上板６７に取り付けると、通気板４３の下端開口の前方を水切板３６で覆うことができ、横風が強い時でも風を遮り、通気板４３を通過して雨水などが小屋裏１５に浸入してくることを有効に防止できる。また、建物の側に延出部３８を傾斜させれば、横風を遮り、より効果的に雨水の浸入を防止できる。 When the draining plate 36 is attached to the upper plate 67 of the ventilation plate 43 in this way, the front of the lower end opening of the ventilation plate 43 can be covered with the draining plate 36, and even when the cross wind is strong, the wind is blocked and passes through the ventilation plate 43. Thus, it is possible to effectively prevent rainwater and the like from entering the cabin 15. Moreover, if the extending part 38 is inclined to the building side, the cross wind is blocked and the intrusion of rainwater can be prevented more effectively.
更に、水切板５７を下部板１８の上面に取り付けることにより、水切板５７と水切板３６により外部から通気板４３へ通じる開口面積を狭めることができ、小屋裏１５への雨水等の浸入を効率よく防止できる。水切板５７の下端縁が、下部板１８の下端面の下方に延びていることにより、例えば横風が破風板２２に当たり上方に巻き上げられた風を、下部板１８の下端面から延びている水切板５７の下端縁で遮ることができ、横風の巻き込みによる小屋裏１５への雨水の浸入をより効果的に防止できる。 Further, by attaching the draining plate 57 to the upper surface of the lower plate 18, the opening area that leads from the outside to the ventilation plate 43 can be narrowed by the draining plate 57 and the draining plate 36, and the intrusion of rainwater or the like into the shed 15 is efficient. Can prevent well. Since the lower edge of the drain plate 57 extends below the lower end surface of the lower plate 18, for example, a wind drained from the lower end surface of the lower plate 18, for example, a wind that is blown upward when the cross wind hits the windbreak plate 22. The lower end edge of 57 can block and rain water can be more effectively prevented from entering the back of the hut 15 due to the crosswind.
更に防水布３０の上面を流れ落ちてきた水は、鼻桟５０を通過して、水切板３６を伝って落下するので、野地板１２から離れた箇所から落水し、野地板１２や、鼻かくし２２など外壁部の水濡れを防止できる。（かかる水切板３６、あるいは水切板５７による効果は、後述する実施形態で同様に有する。）
図１０に、屋根の他の例を示す。図１０に示す屋根４１は、野地板１２の下端に、軒先通気部材５３が設けられている。軒先通気部材５３は、軒先通気部材５３の厚み方向の上部分に設けられた通気部材５４と、下部分に設けられた広こまい５６の上下二段から形成され、野地板１２との間に実質的な間隙を形成することなく設けられている。また軒先通気部材５３は、通気部材５４と広こまい５６とを合わせた全体の厚みが、野地板１２の厚みと同等の厚みを有し、屋根４１に取り付けたとき、軒先通気部材５３の上下面と野地板１２の上下面とがほぼ連続するようになっている。尚、通気部材５４と広こまい５６の厚みの割合は、１対１の均等でなく、必要に応じて適宜厚みの比率を変更してよい。
Further, the water that has flowed down the upper surface of the waterproof cloth 30 passes through the nose bridge 50 and falls through the draining board 36, so that the water falls from a place away from the field board 12, and the field board 12 and the nose cover 22 are removed. It is possible to prevent the outer wall from getting wet. (Effects of the draining plate 36 or the draining plate 57 are similarly provided in the embodiments described later.)
FIG. 10 shows another example of the roof. The roof 41 shown in FIG. 10 is provided with an eaves-end ventilation member 53 at the lower end of the field board 12. The eaves vent member 53 is formed from two upper and lower stages of a vent member 54 provided in the upper portion of the eaves tip vent member 53 in the thickness direction and a wide hollow 56 provided in the lower portion. It is provided without forming a general gap. The eaves vent member 53 has a total thickness of the vent member 54 and the wide hollow 56 equal to the thickness of the field board 12. When the eaves vent member 53 is attached to the roof 41, the upper and lower surfaces of the eaves vent member 53. And the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate 12 are substantially continuous. In addition, the ratio of the thickness of the ventilation member 54 and the wide hollow 56 is not equal to 1: 1, and the thickness ratio may be changed as necessary.
通気部材５４は、内部が通気可能で、上述した通気部材２３や通気部材３３等に対して厚み幅をほぼ半減させたのみ、同様の構成を有する部材から形成されている。また通気部材５４は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の屋根の傾斜に沿った方向の長さである。）を有し、軒先通気部材５３として屋根に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間に間隙が形成されないように形成されている。 The ventilation member 54 is capable of venting the inside, and is formed of a member having the same configuration only when the thickness width is substantially halved with respect to the above-described ventilation member 23, the ventilation member 33, and the like. The ventilation member 54 has a predetermined lateral width (the length in the direction along the inclination of the roof when attached to the roof). When the ventilation member 54 is attached to the roof as the eaves edge ventilation member 53, the ventilation member 54 It is formed so that no gap is formed between them.
広こまい５６は、従来から広こまいとして用いられている材質からなり、所定の厚み、すなわち広こまい５６と通気部材５４とを重ね合せると、軒先通気部材５３の全体の厚みが、野地板１２と同等の厚みを形成する厚みとなっている。また広こまい５６は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の屋根の傾斜に沿った方向の長さである。）を有し、軒先通気部材５３として屋根に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間で所定の間隙が形成される。 The wide spring 56 is made of a material conventionally used as a wide hollow. When the wide hollow 56 and the ventilation member 54 are overlapped with each other, the entire thickness of the eaves ventilation member 53 is equal to that of the base plate 12. The thickness forms an equivalent thickness. Further, the wide hollow 56 has a predetermined lateral width (the length in the direction along the inclination of the roof when attached to the roof). A predetermined gap is formed between them.
更に通気部材５４には、通気部材５４と広こまい５６とを接合させた際、広こまい５６から突出した通気部材５４の延出部分の下面が斜めに切断してあり、かかる切断面により通気部材５４の下面に、通気部材５４の内部に連通する開口部２０が形成されている。尚、切断方向は斜めでなく、通気部材５４の下板６８のみを切除して開口部２０を形成したり、あるいは上板６７を残して下板６８と支柱部材６９を切除して開口部２０を形成しても、通気部材５４の下面に開口がいずれかの方法で形成されればよい。野地板１２と軒先通気部材５３には、屋根部材としての平板瓦１９が、釘などにより固定して葺かれている。 Further, when the ventilation member 54 and the wide bulge 56 are joined to the ventilation member 54, the lower surface of the extended portion of the ventilation member 54 protruding from the wide bulge 56 is cut obliquely, and the ventilation member is cut by the cut surface. An opening 20 that communicates with the inside of the ventilation member 54 is formed on the lower surface of the ventilation member 54. The cutting direction is not oblique, and only the lower plate 68 of the ventilation member 54 is cut away to form the opening 20, or the upper plate 67 is left and the lower plate 68 and the column member 69 are cut off to open the opening 20. Even if formed, the opening may be formed on the lower surface of the ventilation member 54 by any method. A flat roof tile 19 as a roof member is fixed to the field board 12 and the eaves vent member 53 with nails or the like.
通気部材５４と広こまい５６との間には、水切板５７が取り付けられている。水切板５７は、例えば金属板からなり、通気部材５４と広こまい５６との合わせ面全体を覆うとともに、下端が通気部材５４と広こまい５６との間から延出し、広こまい５６の下端面を覆っている。 A draining plate 57 is attached between the ventilation member 54 and the wide space 56. The draining plate 57 is made of, for example, a metal plate, covers the entire mating surface of the ventilation member 54 and the wide hollow 56, and has a lower end extending between the ventilation member 54 and the wide hollow 56, and a lower end surface of the wide hollow 56. Covering.
通気部材５４の上面には、水切板３６が設けられている。水切板３６は、上述した構成と同様で、通気部材５４の先方で延出部３８が垂れ下がるように設けられている。また、軒先通気部材５３と野地板１２との接合部分には、上部に防水布３０が取り付けてあり、接合部分から小屋裏１５に漏水しないようにしてある。 A draining plate 36 is provided on the upper surface of the ventilation member 54. The draining plate 36 has the same configuration as described above, and is provided so that the extending portion 38 hangs down at the tip of the ventilation member 54. In addition, a waterproof cloth 30 is attached to the upper part of the joint portion between the eaves vent member 53 and the base plate 12 so that water does not leak from the joint portion to the back of the hut 15.
このように形成したことにより、軒先通気部材５３を用いた屋根４１では、通気部材５４を介して小屋裏１５の換気が実施されるとともに、野地板１２上を流れ落ちてきた雨水などは、防水布３０の上面を通過して水切板３６を伝って落水し、小屋裏１５内に流下することがない。更に、軒先通気部材５３の下面には、従来から用いられている材質からなる広こまい５６が設けられていることから、防炎や美観などの観点からも、従来と同様支障なく用いられる。また、広こまい５６が下部に設けられていることにより軒先通気部材５３に十分な強度をもたらすことができる。更に、広こまい５６の端面には、水切板５７が設けられているので、耐水性、防火性、美観を良好にできる。また、水切板３６、及び水切板５７による効果は上述したと同様である。 By forming in this way, in the roof 41 using the eaves vent member 53, the roof 15 is ventilated through the vent member 54, and rainwater that has flowed down on the field plate 12 is waterproof cloth. It passes through the upper surface of 30, falls along the draining plate 36, and does not flow down into the shed 15. Furthermore, since a wide hollow 56 made of a conventionally used material is provided on the lower surface of the eaves vent member 53, it can be used without any trouble from the viewpoint of flameproofing and aesthetics. Further, since the wide hollow 56 is provided in the lower part, sufficient strength can be provided to the eaves vent member 53. Furthermore, since the drain plate 57 is provided on the end face of the wide spring 56, water resistance, fire resistance, and aesthetics can be improved. The effects of the draining plate 36 and the draining plate 57 are the same as described above.
図１１に屋根の他の例を示す。図１１に示す屋根５１は、通気性を有する軒先通気部材６３を野地板１２に連続させて設けている。軒先通気部材６３は、通気部材６４と板材６６から構成されている。 FIG. 11 shows another example of the roof. The roof 51 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with an eaves-end ventilation member 63 having air permeability continuously with the base plate 12. The eaves ventilation member 63 includes a ventilation member 64 and a plate material 66.
通気部材６４は、上述した通気部材２３や通気部材５４と同等の製品であり、適宜の厚みを有している。板材６６は、従来広こまいとして用いられていた通常の部材からなり、厚みも野地板１２とほぼ同等の厚みとなっている。 The ventilation member 64 is a product equivalent to the ventilation member 23 and the ventilation member 54 described above, and has an appropriate thickness. The plate member 66 is made of a normal member that has been conventionally used as a wide hollow, and has a thickness substantially equal to that of the field plate 12.
軒先通気部材６３は、野地板１２との厚みの差だけ垂木１４の一部を切り欠いたり、鼻かくし２２等の上端位置を下げるなどして、軒先通気部材６３の上面が、野地板１２の上面と連続した平面になるように取り付けられている。その他の構成は、図１０に示した屋根４１の構成と同様である。このように構成しても、屋根５１は、軒先において、小屋裏１５の換気が可能となり、しかも、防火性能、美観等を従来どおり満足させることができる。また、水切板３６、及び水切板５７による効果は上述したと同様である。 The eaves vent member 63 is formed by cutting out a part of the rafter 14 by a thickness difference from the field plate 12 or lowering the upper end position of the nose comb 22 or the like so that the upper surface of the eaves vent member 63 It is attached so as to be a flat surface continuous with the upper surface. Other configurations are the same as the configuration of the roof 41 shown in FIG. Even if comprised in this way, the roof 51 can ventilate the hut back 15 at the eaves, and can satisfy fire prevention performance, aesthetics, and the like as usual. The effects of the draining plate 36 and the draining plate 57 are the same as described above.
図１２に、他の例の屋根を示す。図１２に示した屋根６１は、軒先通気部材６３を用いた図１１に示した屋根５１の構造に、瓦１６を用いた例である。瓦１６を用いた場合には、鼻桟５０を通気部材６４、あるいは通気部材６４とともに広こまい６６に固定し、取り付けた鼻桟５０を用いて瓦１６を取り付ける。このように屋根６１を構成しても、軒先において、通気性が確保でき、かつ防火性能や美観等を従来どおり満足させることができる。またこの場合、図１０に示した屋根４１の軒先通気部材５３のように、軒先通気部材６３の板厚を野地板１２の板厚と同等の厚みにしてもよい。このように構成しても、屋根６１は、軒先において小屋裏１５の換気が可能となり、しかも、防火性能、美観等を従来どおり満足させることができる。また、水切板３６、及び水切板５７による効果は上述したと同様である。 FIG. 12 shows another example of a roof. A roof 61 shown in FIG. 12 is an example in which tiles 16 are used in the structure of the roof 51 shown in FIG. When the roof tile 16 is used, the nose bridge 50 is fixed to the wide member 66 together with the ventilation member 64 or the ventilation member 64, and the roof tile 16 is attached using the attached nose bridge 50. Even if the roof 61 is configured in this way, air permeability can be ensured at the eaves, and fireproof performance, aesthetics, and the like can be satisfied as usual. Further, in this case, like the eaves vent member 53 of the roof 41 shown in FIG. 10, the thickness of the eaves vent member 63 may be equal to the thickness of the field plate 12. Even if comprised in this way, the roof 61 can ventilate the hut 15 at the eaves, and can satisfy fire prevention performance, aesthetics, and the like as usual. The effects of the draining plate 36 and the draining plate 57 are the same as described above.
尚、上記例では軒天井２４を備えた屋根を用いて説明したが、本発明にかかる換気機能付き屋根はこれに限るものではない。例えば軒天井２４を備えず、屋根と外壁が交差するような建物においても、野地板１２に、建物の内部に通じる開口部を開口させ、屋根の端部に設けた通気部材を用いて建物内部を外気と換気可能に構成してもよい。 In the above example, the roof provided with the eaves ceiling 24 has been described. However, the roof with a ventilation function according to the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, even in a building that does not include the eaves ceiling 24 and the roof and the outer wall intersect, an opening that leads to the interior of the building is opened in the field board 12 and a ventilation member provided at the end of the roof is used to construct the interior of the building. May be configured to be able to ventilate with outside air.
図１３に、屋根の他の例を示す。図１３は、屋根のけらばを示す。図の左方が、けらばの端部であり、破風板７５が設けてあり、紙面の奥に向かって屋根７１が上昇している。屋根７１は、通気性を有するけらば通気部材７３を、野地板１２に連続させて備えている。けらば通気部材７３は、けらば通気部材７３の厚み方向の上部分に設けられた通気部材７４と、下部分に設けられた登こまい７６の上下二段から形成され、野地板１２との間に実質的な間隙を形成することなく設けられている。 FIG. 13 shows another example of the roof. FIG. 13 shows the roof gap. On the left side of the figure is the edge of the edge, a windbreak plate 75 is provided, and the roof 71 rises toward the back of the page. The roof 71 includes a ventilation member 73 that is continuous with the base plate 12 if it has air permeability. The keratin ventilation member 73 is formed by two steps of a ventilation member 74 provided in the upper part of the thickness direction of the evacuation ventilation member 73 and a climbing member 76 provided in the lower part. Without providing a substantial gap.
けらば通気部材７３は、通気部材７４と登こまい７６とを合わせた全体の厚みが、野地板１２の厚みと同等の厚みを有し、屋根７１に取り付けたとき、けらば通気部材７３の上下面と野地板１２の上下面とがほぼ連続するようになっている。尚、通気部材７４と登こまい７６の厚みの割合は、１対１の均等でなく、必要に応じて適宜厚みの比率を変更してよい。 If the ventilation member 73 is attached to the roof 71, the overall thickness of the ventilation member 73 including the ventilation member 74 and the climbing member 76 is the same as the thickness of the field board 12. The lower surface and the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate 12 are substantially continuous. In addition, the ratio of the thickness of the ventilation member 74 and the climbing member 76 is not equal to 1: 1, and the ratio of the thickness may be changed as necessary.
けらば通気部材７３と平板瓦１９の間には、けらば水切板７７が取り付けられている。けらば水切板７７は、例えば金属板からなり、少なくとも開口部２０の上面を覆うとともに、のぼり木７８を超えて下降し、通気部材７４と登こまい７６の前方を覆っている。 Between the vent member 73 and the flat roof tile 19, a drain plate 77 is attached. The drainage plate 77 is made of, for example, a metal plate, covers at least the upper surface of the opening 20, descends over the climbing tree 78, and covers the front of the ventilation member 74 and the climber 76.
通気部材７４は、内部が通気可能で、図１０に示した通気部材７４と同様の構成を有する部材から形成されている。また通気部材７４は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の水平方向に沿った長さである。）を有し、けらば通気部材７３として屋根７１に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間に間隙が形成されないように形成されている。 The ventilation member 74 is formed of a member that can be ventilated inside and has the same configuration as the ventilation member 74 shown in FIG. Further, the ventilation member 74 has a predetermined lateral width (the length along the horizontal direction when attached to the roof). In this way, no gap is formed.
野地板１２の上面には、防水布３０（下葺材）が取り付けてあり、けらば通気部材７３と野地板１２上との接合部分から小屋裏１５に漏水しないようにしてある。また他の防水布３０（増張り下葺材）は、のぼり木７８の上面に至り、のぼり木７８を防水している。 A waterproof cloth 30 (underlaying material) is attached to the upper surface of the field board 12 so that water does not leak from the joint portion between the ventilation member 73 and the field board 12 to the back of the hut 15. Further, another waterproof cloth 30 (extended underlay material) reaches the upper surface of the climbing tree 78 and waterproofs the climbing tree 78.
登こまい７６は、従来から広こまいとして用いられている材質からなり、登こまい７６と通気部材７４とを重ね合せると、けらば通気部材７３の全体の厚みが、野地板１２と同等の厚みを形成する所定の厚みを有している。また登こまい７６は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の屋根の傾斜に沿った方向の長さである。）を有し、けらば通気部材７３として屋根に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間で所定の間隙が形成される。 The climbing member 76 is made of a material that has been conventionally used as a wide spring. When the climbing member 76 and the ventilation member 74 are overlapped, the overall thickness of the ventilation member 73 is equal to that of the base plate 12. It has a predetermined thickness to be formed. Further, the climbing member 76 has a predetermined lateral width (the length in the direction along the inclination of the roof when attached to the roof), and when it is attached to the roof as the ventilation member 73, A predetermined gap is formed between the two.
更に通気部材７４には、通気部材７４と登こまい７６とを接合させた際、登こまい７６から突出した通気部材７４の延出部分の下面が斜めに切断してあり、かかる切断面により通気部材７４の下面に、通気部材７４の内部に連通する開口部２０が形成されている。尚、切断方向は斜めでなく、通気部材７４の下板６８（以下、図９参照。）のみを切除して開口部２０を形成したり、あるいは上板６７を残して下板６８と支柱部材６９を切除して開口部２０を形成しても、通気部材７４の下面に開口が形成されればよい。野地板１２とけらば通気部材７３には、屋根部材としての平板瓦１９が、釘などにより固定して葺かれている。 Further, when the ventilation member 74 and the climbing member 76 are joined to the ventilation member 74, the lower surface of the extending portion of the ventilation member 74 protruding from the climbing member 76 is cut obliquely, and the ventilation member is formed by the cut surface. An opening 20 communicating with the inside of the ventilation member 74 is formed on the lower surface of 74. The cutting direction is not oblique, and only the lower plate 68 (refer to FIG. 9 below) of the ventilation member 74 is cut away to form the opening 20, or the upper plate 67 is left and the lower plate 68 and the column member. Even if the opening portion 20 is formed by cutting away the portion 69, the opening may be formed on the lower surface of the ventilation member 74. A flat roof tile 19 as a roof member is fixed to the field board 12 and the ventilation member 73 by nails or the like.
このように形成したことにより、けらば通気部材７３を用いた屋根７１では、通気部材７４を介して小屋裏１５の換気が実施されるとともに、野地板１２上を流れ落ちてきた雨水などは、防水布３０の上面を通過して小屋裏１５内に流下することがない。更に、けらば通気部材７３の下面には、従来から用いられている材質からなる登こまい７６が設けられていることから、防炎や美観などの観点からも、従来と同様支障なく用いられる。また、登こまい７６が下部に設けられていることによりけらば通気部材７３に十分な強度をもたらすことができる。更に、登こまい７６の端面には、けらば水切板７７が設けられているので、耐水性、防火性、美観を良好にできる。 By forming the roof 71 using the ventilation member 73, the roof 15 is ventilated through the ventilation member 74, and rainwater that has flowed down on the field board 12 is waterproof. It does not flow through the upper surface of the cloth 30 and into the shed 15. In addition, since the climber 76 made of a conventionally used material is provided on the lower surface of the ventilation member 73, it can be used without any trouble from the viewpoint of flameproofing and aesthetics. Further, if the climbing member 76 is provided at the lower part, sufficient strength can be provided to the ventilation member 73. Furthermore, since the drain plate 77 is provided on the end face of the climbing member 76, water resistance, fire resistance and aesthetics can be improved.
図１４に屋根の他の例を示す。図１４に示す屋根８１は、片流れ屋根で、図の右に向かって屋根が下がっている。屋根８１は、図の左方に、破風板８５が設けてあり、破風板８５の上端から野地板１２が設けられている。野地板１２は、垂木１４に取り付けられている。野地板１２の上端には、棟通気部材８３が設けられている。棟通気部材８３は、棟通気部材８３の厚み方向の上部分に設けられた通気部材８４と、下部分に設けられた下地板材８６の上下二段から形成され、野地板１２との間に実質的な間隙を形成することなく垂木１４上に設けられている。また棟通気部材８３は、通気部材８４と下地板材８６とを合わせた全体の厚みが、野地板１２の厚みと同等の厚みを有し、屋根８１に棟通気部材８３を取り付けたとき、棟通気部材８３の上下面と野地板１２の上下面とがほぼ連続するようになっている。尚、通気部材８４と下地板材８６の厚みの割合は、１対１の均等でなく、必要に応じて適宜厚みの比率を変更してよい。 FIG. 14 shows another example of the roof. A roof 81 shown in FIG. 14 is a single-flow roof, and the roof is lowered toward the right in the figure. The roof 81 is provided with a windbreak plate 85 on the left side of the figure, and the field plate 12 is provided from the upper end of the windbreak plate 85. The field board 12 is attached to the rafter 14. A ridge ventilation member 83 is provided at the upper end of the field plate 12. The building ventilation member 83 is formed from two upper and lower stages of a ventilation member 84 provided in the upper part in the thickness direction of the building ventilation member 83 and a base plate material 86 provided in the lower part, and is substantially between the base plate 12. It is provided on the rafter 14 without forming a general gap. Further, the ridge ventilation member 83 has a total thickness of the ventilation member 84 and the base plate 86 that is equal to the thickness of the base plate 12, and when the ridge ventilation member 83 is attached to the roof 81, the ridge ventilation The upper and lower surfaces of the member 83 and the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate 12 are substantially continuous. In addition, the ratio of the thickness of the ventilation member 84 and the base plate material 86 is not equal to 1: 1, and the thickness ratio may be changed as necessary.
通気部材８４は、内部が通気可能で、図１０に示した通気部材８４と同様の構成を有する部材から形成されている。また通気部材８４は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の屋根の傾斜に沿った方向の長さである。）を有し、棟通気部材８３として屋根に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間に間隙が形成されないように形成されている。 The ventilation member 84 is formed of a member that can be ventilated inside and has the same configuration as the ventilation member 84 shown in FIG. The ventilation member 84 has a predetermined lateral width (the length in the direction along the slope of the roof when attached to the roof). When the ventilation member 84 is attached to the roof as the ridge ventilation member 83, the ventilation member 84 is It is formed so that no gap is formed between them.
下地板材８６は、従来から野地板、あるいは広こまいとして用いられている材質からなり、所定の厚み、すなわち下地板材８６と通気部材８４とを重ね合せると、棟通気部材８３の全体の厚みが、野地板１２と同等の厚みを形成する厚みとなっている。また下地板材８６は、所定の横幅（屋根に取り付けた場合の屋根の傾斜に沿った方向の長さである。）を有し、棟通気部材８３として屋根に取り付けた際、野地板１２との間で所定の間隙を形成する。 The base plate material 86 is made of a material conventionally used as a base plate or a wide space. When the base plate material 86 and the ventilation member 84 are overlapped with each other, the entire thickness of the ridge ventilation member 83 is as follows. The thickness is equivalent to that of the base plate 12. Further, the base plate material 86 has a predetermined lateral width (the length in the direction along the inclination of the roof when attached to the roof). When the base plate material 86 is attached to the roof as the ridge ventilation member 83, A predetermined gap is formed between them.
更に通気部材８４には、通気部材８４と下地板材８６とを接合させた際、下地板材８６から突出した通気部材８４の延出部分の下面が斜めに切断してあり、かかる切断面により通気部材８４の下面に、通気部材８４の内部に連通する開口部２０が形成されている。尚、切断方向は斜めでなく、通気部材８４の下板６８（以下、図９参照。）のみを切除して開口部２０を形成したり、あるいは上板６７を残して下板６８と支柱部材６９を切除して開口部２０を形成しても、通気部材８４の下面に開口が形成されればよい。野地板１２と棟通気部材８３には、防水布３０を間に挟んで屋根部材としての平板瓦１９が、釘などにより固定して葺かれている。 Further, when the ventilation member 84 and the base plate material 86 are joined to the ventilation member 84, the lower surface of the extended portion of the ventilation member 84 protruding from the base plate material 86 is cut obliquely, and the ventilation member is cut by the cut surface. An opening 20 that communicates with the inside of the ventilation member 84 is formed on the lower surface of 84. The cutting direction is not oblique, and only the lower plate 68 (refer to FIG. 9 hereafter) of the ventilation member 84 is cut away to form the opening 20, or the upper plate 67 is left and the lower plate 68 and the support member. Even if the opening portion 20 is formed by cutting out 69, the opening may be formed on the lower surface of the ventilation member 84. A flat roof tile 19 as a roof member is fixed to the field board 12 and the building ventilation member 83 with nails or the like with the waterproof cloth 30 interposed therebetween.
平板瓦１９の上面には笠木８８が取り付けてある。笠木８８には、片流れ水切板８７が取り付けられている。片流れ水切板８７は、例えば金属板からなり、笠木８８の全体を覆うとともに、左端が破風板８５と平行に、下方に延びている。 A headboard 88 is attached to the upper surface of the flat roof tile 19. A single-flow draining plate 87 is attached to the cap board 88. The single-flow draining plate 87 is made of, for example, a metal plate, covers the entire headboard 88, and has a left end extending downward in parallel with the windbreak plate 85.
このように形成したことにより、棟通気部材８３を用いた屋根８１では、通気部材８４を介して小屋裏１５の換気が実施されるとともに、屋根８１上に落ちた雨水などは、片流れ水切板８７から平板瓦１９上に流れ、仮に平板瓦１９の下側に入っても、防水布３０の上面を通過するので、小屋裏１５内に流下することがない。更に、棟通気部材８３の下面には、従来から用いられている材質からなる下地板材８６が設けられていることから、防炎や美観などの観点からも、従来と同様支障なく用いられる。また、下地板材８６が下部に設けられていることにより棟通気部材８３に十分な強度をもたらすことができる。 By forming in this way, in the roof 81 using the ridge ventilation member 83, ventilation of the back of the hut 15 is performed through the ventilation member 84, and rainwater and the like that have fallen on the roof 81 are separated by a single-flow draining plate 87. Even if it flows onto the flat roof tile 19 and enters the lower side of the flat roof tile 19, it passes through the upper surface of the waterproof cloth 30 and therefore does not flow down into the back of the hut 15. Further, since the base plate material 86 made of a conventionally used material is provided on the lower surface of the building ventilation member 83, it can be used without any trouble from the viewpoint of flameproofing and aesthetics. Further, since the base plate material 86 is provided at the lower portion, sufficient strength can be provided to the ridge ventilation member 83.
本発明は、屋根の下端に通気性の部材を設け、かかる通気部材を用いて、小屋裏など建物内部を換気させることとした屋根に用いることができる。
以下に、本願出願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
［１］ 野地板と、
前記野地板を貫通し、建物内部に通じる開口部と、
前記野地板上で、前記開口部より屋根の傾斜方向下方に設けられ、通気性を少なくとも該屋根の傾斜方向に有する通気部材と、
前記開口部の上方を覆い、一端が前記野地板上で、他端が前記通気部材の上面に載置された防水部材と、
前記通気部材上に設けられ、屋根部材を支持するとともに前記通気部材との間で前記屋根の傾斜方向に通水可能な瓦支持部材と、を備えたことを特徴とする換気機能付き屋根。
［２］ 前記通気部材と前記防水部材を一体に形成したことを特徴とする［１］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［３］ 前記通気部材は、断面波形に形成された波板であることを特徴とした［１］または［２］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［４］ 前記通気部材は、上下板材の間に支柱部材を介在させ、該支柱部材間を通気可能に形成したことを特徴とする［１］または［２］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［５］ 前記通気部材は、上下板材を所定の間隔で配置させ、該上下板材間に通気方向に交差する向きに邪魔板を設けて構成したことを特徴とする［１］または［２］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［６］ 前記瓦支持部材は、前記通気部材との取り付け面において、少なくとも、前記屋根の傾斜方向に溝を備えて形成したことを特徴とする［１］〜［５］のいずれか１項に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［７］ 前記通気部材が、軒先部に設置されていることを特徴とする［１］〜［６］のいずれか１項に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［８］ 野地板と、
前記野地板の傾斜方向下端に、該野地板に連続して設けられた通気部材と、
前記通気部材上に設けられ、屋根部材を支持するとともに前記通気部材との間で前記屋根の傾斜方向に通水可能な瓦支持部材と、を備え、
前記通気部材は、内部に通気路を少なくとも前記野地板の傾斜方向に具え、かつ該通気路の一端は、該通気部材の下端に開口し、該通気路の他端は、前記通気部材の下面であって、建物内部に通じる位置に開口させたことを特徴とする換気機能付き屋根。
［９］ 前記通気部材は、該通気部材の下面に、広こまいを備えていることを特徴とする［８］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１０］ 前記広こまいを備えた前記通気部材は、前記広こまいと該通気部材の厚みを加えた全体の厚みが、前記野地板と等しい厚みに形成されていることを特徴とする［９］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１１］ 野地板と、
前記野地板の傾斜方向下端に、該野地板に連続して設けられた通気部材と、
前記野地板および前記通気部材上に設けられた屋根部材と、を備え、
前記通気部材は、内部に通気路を少なくとも前記野地板の傾斜方向に具え、かつ該通気路の一端は、該通気部材の下端に開口し、該通気路の他端は、前記通気部材の下面であって、建物内部に通じる位置に開口させたことを特徴とする換気機能付き屋根。
［１２］ 前記通気部材は、該通気部材の下面に、広こまいを備えていることを特徴とする［１１］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１３］ 前記広こまいを備えた前記通気部材は、前記広こまいと該通気部材の厚みを加えた全体の厚みが、前記野地板と等しい厚みに形成されていることを特徴とする［１２］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１４］ 野地板と、
屋根のけらばに、前記野地板に連続して設けられた通気部材と、
前記野地板および前記通気部材上に設けられた屋根部材と、を備え、
前記通気部材は、内部に通気路を具え、該通気路の一端は、前記けらばに開口し、該通気路の他端は、前記通気部材の下面であって、建物内部に通じる位置に開口させたことを特徴とする換気機能付き屋根。
［１５］
前記通気部材は、該通気部材の下面に、登こまいを備えていることを特徴とする［１１］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１６］ 前記登こまいを備えた前記通気部材は、前記登こまいと該通気部材の厚みを加えた全体の厚みが、前記野地板と等しい厚みに形成されていることを特徴とする［１２］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１７］ 野地板と、
片流れ屋根の棟に、前記野地板に連続して設けられた通気部材と、
前記野地板および前記通気部材上に設けられた屋根部材と、を備え、
前記通気部材は、内部に通気路を具え、該通気路の一端は、前記棟の上端に開口し、該通気路の他端は、前記通気部材の下面であって、建物内部に通じる位置に開口させたことを特徴とする換気機能付き屋根。
［１８］ 前記通気部材は、該通気部材の下面に、下地板材を備えていることを特徴とする［１７］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［１９］ 前記下地板材を備えた前記通気部材は、前記下地板材と該通気部材の厚みを加えた全体の厚みが、前記野地板と等しい厚みに形成されていることを特徴とする［１８］に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
［２０］ 前記通気部材の上部片側縁に、水切部材を一体に設けたことを特徴とする［１］〜［１９］のいずれか１項に記載の換気機能付き屋根。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a roof in which a breathable member is provided at the lower end of the roof and the inside of the building such as a hut is ventilated using such a breathable member.
Hereinafter, the invention described in the scope of claims of the present application will be appended.
[1]
An opening that penetrates the field plate and communicates with the interior of the building;
On the field plate, a ventilation member that is provided below the opening in the inclination direction of the roof and has air permeability at least in the inclination direction of the roof;
A waterproof member that covers the top of the opening, one end is on the base plate, and the other end is placed on the upper surface of the ventilation member;
A roof with a ventilation function, comprising: a tile support member provided on the ventilation member and supporting the roof member and allowing water to flow between the ventilation member and the ventilation member in the inclination direction of the roof.
[2] The roof with a ventilation function according to [1], wherein the ventilation member and the waterproof member are integrally formed.
[3] The roof with ventilation function according to [1] or [2], wherein the ventilation member is a corrugated plate having a corrugated cross section.
[4] The roof with a ventilation function according to [1] or [2], wherein the ventilation member has a support member interposed between upper and lower plate members so that the support member can be ventilated.
[5] According to [1] or [2], the ventilation member is configured by arranging upper and lower plate members at a predetermined interval and providing a baffle plate in a direction intersecting the ventilation direction between the upper and lower plate members. The roof with ventilation function described.
[6] In any one of [1] to [5], the tile support member may be provided with a groove at least in an inclination direction of the roof on a mounting surface with the ventilation member. The roof with ventilation function described.
[7] The roof with a ventilation function according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the ventilation member is installed at an eaves portion.
[8] With field board,
A ventilation member provided continuously to the field plate at the lower end in the inclination direction of the field plate;
A tile support member provided on the ventilation member and supporting the roof member and allowing water to flow between the ventilation member and the ventilation member in the inclined direction of the roof;
The ventilation member has an air passage inside thereof at least in the direction of inclination of the base plate, and one end of the air passage opens to a lower end of the air passage member, and the other end of the air passage is a lower surface of the air passage member. A roof with a ventilation function, characterized by being opened at a position that leads to the interior of the building.
[9] The roof with a ventilation function according to [8], wherein the ventilation member includes a wide space on a lower surface of the ventilation member.
[10] The ventilation member provided with the wide bulge is characterized in that the total thickness of the wide bulge and the thickness of the ventilation member is equal to the thickness of the base plate [9] Roof with ventilation function as described in.
[11] With a field board,
A ventilation member provided continuously to the field plate at the lower end in the inclination direction of the field plate;
A roof member provided on the field plate and the ventilation member,
The ventilation member has an air passage inside thereof at least in the direction of inclination of the base plate, and one end of the air passage opens to a lower end of the air passage member, and the other end of the air passage is a lower surface of the air passage member. A roof with a ventilation function, characterized by being opened at a position that leads to the interior of the building.
[12] The roof with a ventilation function according to [11], wherein the ventilation member includes a wide space on a lower surface of the ventilation member.
[13] The ventilation member provided with the widening is characterized in that the total thickness of the widening and the ventilation member plus the thickness is equal to that of the base plate [12] Roof with ventilation function as described in.
[14]
A ventilation member provided continuously on the roof plate, on the base plate,
A roof member provided on the field plate and the ventilation member,
The ventilation member has an air passage inside, and one end of the air passage opens to the flange, and the other end of the air passage opens on a lower surface of the air ventilation member and communicates with the inside of the building. A roof with a ventilation function characterized by having been made.
[15]
The roof with a ventilation function according to [11], wherein the ventilation member includes a climbing feature on a lower surface of the ventilation member.
[16] The ventilation member provided with the climbing member is characterized in that the total thickness including the climbing member and the thickness of the ventilation member is equal to the thickness of the base plate [12] Roof with ventilation function as described in.
[17]
In the ridge of the single flow roof, a ventilation member provided continuously to the field plate,
A roof member provided on the field plate and the ventilation member,
The ventilation member has an air passage inside, and one end of the air passage opens to the upper end of the ridge, and the other end of the air passage is on the lower surface of the air ventilation member and communicates with the inside of the building. A roof with ventilation function, characterized by opening.
[18] The roof with a ventilation function according to [17], wherein the ventilation member includes a base plate material on a lower surface of the ventilation member.
[19] The ventilation member provided with the base plate material is formed such that the total thickness of the base plate material and the ventilation member plus the thickness of the base plate is equal to the thickness of the base plate [18]. Roof with ventilation function as described in.
[20] The roof with a ventilation function according to any one of [1] to [19], wherein a draining member is integrally provided on an upper one side edge of the ventilation member.
１０、１１、１３、２１、３１、４１、５１、６１、７１、８１…屋根
１２…野地板
１４…垂木
１５…小屋裏
１６…瓦
１７…主板部
１８…下部板
２０…開口部
２３、３３、５６、６６…広こまい
２４…軒天井
３０…防水布
３６…水切板
４２…波板
４３、４５…通気板
４４…覆い板
５０…鼻桟
５２…溝
５３、６３…軒先通気部材
７３…けらば通気部材
８３…棟通気部材
10, 11, 13, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81 ... roof 12 ... field plate 14 ... rafter 15 ... hut 16 ... tile 17 ... main plate 18 ... lower plate 20 ... opening 23, 33 56, 66 ... Wide space 24 ... Eave ceiling 30 ... Waterproof cloth 36 ... Drainage board 42 ... Corrugated board 43, 45 ... Ventilation board 44 ... Cover board 50 ... Nose bridge 52 ... Groove 53, 63 ... Eaves edge ventilation member 73 ... Kera If the ventilation member 83 ... Building ventilation member
Claims (6)
前記通気通路の上部の端部であって、且つ、前記建物の屋根部材の下方に設けられ、その外方に形成された延出部を有する第１水切板と、
前記通気通路の端部であって、前記野地板の上面又は前記広こまいの上面に取り付けられ、前記野地板の端部又は前記広こまいの端部で屈曲して下方に延び、前記野地板の下端面又は前記広こまいの下端面を覆うとともに、前記第１水切板とともに前記通気通路へ通じる開口を形成する第２水切板と、
を備えることを特徴とする通気構造。 A ventilation passage provided on the base plate or wide space of the building;
A first draining plate which is an upper end portion of the ventilation passage and is provided below the roof member of the building, and has an extending portion formed outside thereof;
It is an end of the ventilation passage, is attached to the upper surface of the field board or the upper surface of the wide bulge, bends at the end of the field board or the end of the wide bulge and extends downward, and A second drainage plate that covers the lower end surface or the lower end surface of the wide hollow and forms an opening that communicates with the first drainage plate to the ventilation passage;
Ventilation structure characterized by comprising.
前記第１水切板及び前記第２水切板は、前記屋根の軒先に設けられることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれか一に記載の通気構造。 The ventilation passage is provided along the inclination direction of the roof of the building,
The ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first draining plate and the second draining plate are provided at the eaves of the roof.
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| JP5979630B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2016-08-24 | 株式会社神清 | Eaves structure |
| PL229394B1 (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2018-07-31 | Fakro Pp Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Diffuser penetrating the roof |
| JP6410292B2 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2018-10-24 | 株式会社神清 | Ventilation structure |
| JP5933803B1 (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-06-15 | 株式会社ハウゼコ | Keraba ventilation member |
| JP6655957B2 (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2020-03-04 | 日本住環境株式会社 | Building ventilation material |
| JP6931886B2 (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2021-09-08 | 日本住環境株式会社 | Sleeve tile installation structure on tiled roof |
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| JP3755096B2 (en) * | 1996-07-02 | 2006-03-15 | 美隆 吉成 | Flat duct for ventilation |
| JP4040774B2 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2008-01-30 | 東京ライン株式会社 | Ventilated roof structure and ventilation tiles |
| JP2001317163A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Sanshu Sanpeigawara Kk | Ridge roofing material |
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