JP5765906B2 - Damage prevention device and damage prevention method - Google Patents

Damage prevention device and damage prevention method Download PDF

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JP5765906B2
JP5765906B2 JP2010213049A JP2010213049A JP5765906B2 JP 5765906 B2 JP5765906 B2 JP 5765906B2 JP 2010213049 A JP2010213049 A JP 2010213049A JP 2010213049 A JP2010213049 A JP 2010213049A JP 5765906 B2 JP5765906 B2 JP 5765906B2
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義仁 戸来
義仁 戸来
中村　剛
中村　　剛
慶太 ▲高▼橋
慶太 ▲高▼橋
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この発明は、例えば、鹿等の草食動物による食害を防止するための食害防止装置及び食害防止工法に関する。なお、ここでいう草食動物とは、一般に言う草食動物に限らず、植物を摂食して食害を及ぼす哺乳動物全般をも指す。   The present invention relates to a damage prevention apparatus and a damage prevention method for preventing damage caused by herbivores such as deer. The term “herbivore” as used herein refers not only to a general herbivore, but also to all mammals that feed on plants and cause damage.

法面等の植生を鹿等の草食動物から保護することは、法面の侵食抑制の面から重要であり、これまで種々の方法が検討されている。その一方法として、特許文献１には、斜面上に敷設されることになる植生帯と、この植生帯の表面側に部分的に取り付けられて、植生植物の動物による食害を防止する網体との間に、高さ保持部材を挿入することにより、縦断面が三角形となる保護空間を形成する技術が開示されている。   Protecting vegetation such as slopes from herbivores such as deer is important in terms of suppressing erosion of slopes, and various methods have been studied so far. As one method, Patent Document 1 discloses a vegetation zone to be laid on a slope, and a net that is partially attached to the surface side of the vegetation zone to prevent vegetation plants from being damaged by animals. In the meantime, a technique is disclosed in which a height holding member is inserted to form a protective space having a triangular longitudinal section.

上記技術によれば、保護空間内に位置する植生植物の根や茎は保護され、また、野生鹿は不安定になっている網体上を歩くことができず、奥の方にも生えている植生植物を食することができなくなるとの記載が特許文献１にはある。   According to the above technology, the roots and stems of vegetation plants located in the protected space are protected, and wild deer cannot walk on the unstable nets and grow in the back. There is a description in Patent Document 1 that it becomes impossible to eat existing vegetation plants.

特開２００９−１６５４３１号公報JP 2009-165431 A

しかし、上記のように鹿が歩けないような不安定な網体を山間部等に設置することは、鹿の生息地を奪ってしまうことに繋がり、生息地を奪われた鹿は新たな生息地を求めて他の地域へ移動し、そこで食害をもたらす。従って、引用文献１記載の技術では食害の根本的な解決を図ることはできない。また、鹿と同様に人間の歩行も困難となってしまうため、設置後の植生推移調査などの際に危険が生じる場合も有る。   However, the installation of an unstable net that prevents deer from walking in the mountains, etc., leads to deprivation of the deer's habitat. Moves to other areas in search of the ground, where it causes food damage. Therefore, the technique described in the cited document 1 cannot achieve a fundamental solution to food damage. In addition, as with deer, it is difficult for humans to walk, so there may be dangers when conducting a vegetation transition survey after installation.

本発明は上述の実情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、鹿等の草食動物による食害の根本的な解決に寄与する食害防止装置及び食害防止工法を提供することにある。   This invention is made | formed in view of the above-mentioned actual condition, The objective is to provide the damage prevention apparatus and the damage prevention construction method which contribute to the fundamental solution of the damage caused by herbivores such as deer.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る食害防止装置は、
地面を覆うように配置される有孔板と、
前記有孔板を前記地面から離間させ、前記有孔板と前記地面との間に植物生育空間を形成するためのスペーサと、
前記地面上に配置され、前記スペーサに接合または連設されて該スペーサが地中に沈み込むのを防止する荷重分散材とを備え、
保護エリアに配置される前に、前記スペーサは、前記有孔板の下面及び前記荷重分散材の上面にそれぞれ接合され一体化されており、
前記植物生育空間において生育した植物が前記有孔板の孔を通って伸長することができるように構成されている（請求項１）。 In order to achieve the above object, the food damage prevention apparatus according to the present invention includes:
A perforated plate arranged to cover the ground;
A spacer for separating the perforated plate from the ground, and forming a plant growth space between the perforated plate and the ground;
A load distribution member disposed on the ground and joined or connected to the spacer to prevent the spacer from sinking into the ground,
Before being arranged in the protection area, the spacer is joined and integrated with the lower surface of the perforated plate and the upper surface of the load distribution material, respectively.
The plant grown in the plant growth space is configured to be able to extend through the hole of the perforated plate (Claim 1).

上記食害防止装置において、前記荷重分散材が、前記地面を覆う有孔板状または網状の部分を有していることが好ましい（請求項２）。   In the above-described corrosion prevention apparatus, it is preferable that the load dispersion member has a perforated plate-like or net-like portion that covers the ground (claim 2).

また、上記食害防止装置が、前記保護エリアの地中に向けて打設され、前記有孔板、前記スペーサまたは前記荷重分散材に当接する固定部材を備えていてもよい（請求項３）。   Moreover, the said damage prevention apparatus may be provided toward the underground of the said protection area, and may be provided with the fixing member contact | abutted to the said perforated board, the said spacer, or the said load distribution material (Claim 3).

一方、上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る食害防止工法は、請求項１〜３の何れか一項に記載の食害防止装置を地面に設置する（請求項４）。   On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the damage prevention method according to the present invention installs the damage prevention apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on the ground (claim 4).

請求項１〜４に係る発明では、鹿等の草食動物による食害の根本的な解決に寄与する食害防止装置及び食害防止工法が得られる。   In the inventions according to claims 1 to 4, the damage prevention apparatus and the damage prevention method that contribute to the fundamental solution of the damage caused by herbivores such as deer are obtained.

すなわち、請求項１〜４に係る発明では、植生植物の生長点を有孔板の下方に形成される植物生育空間内に位置させて保護するようにすれば、植生植物に対する鹿等の草食動物による食害や踏み荒らしを確実に防止することができる。そして、施工後の食害防止装置に、人や鹿等が上に載っても変形しない程度以上の強度（保形性）を持たせれば、食害防止装置によって人や鹿等の移動が妨げられないので、施工性が向上するのみならず、植生植物において有孔板の孔よりも外側に伸長した部分（茎や葉）を鹿等が摂食することを許容して、鹿等との共生を積極的に図ることができ、鹿等が食害防止装置の設置エリアから他の地域に移動して、その地域で新たに食害をもたらすというようなことを無くして、食害の根本的な解決にも繋がる対策をとることも可能となる。   That is, in the invention according to claims 1 to 4, if the growth point of the vegetation plant is positioned and protected in the plant growth space formed below the perforated plate, a herbivore such as a deer against the vegetation plant It is possible to surely prevent the damage and treading caused by. And if the damage prevention device after construction has strength (shape retention) that does not deform even if a person or deer is placed on the device, the movement of the damage prevention device will not be hindered by the damage prevention device. Therefore, not only the workability is improved, but also allows deer etc. to eat the parts (stems and leaves) that extend outside the hole of the perforated plate in the vegetation plant, and symbiosis with the deer etc. It can be actively promoted, and there is no such thing as deer etc. moving from the area where the anti-corrosion equipment is installed to other areas and causing new damage in that area, so that the fundamental solution to the damage It is also possible to take measures to connect.

しかも、請求項１〜４に係る発明では、食害防止装置の施工直後から、有孔板は地面を覆い、荷重分散材は地面を押圧することになるので、風雨による地面の侵食を極めて効果的に抑制することができる。   Moreover, in the inventions according to claims 1 to 4, since the perforated plate covers the ground and the load distribution material presses the ground immediately after the construction of the corrosion prevention apparatus, the erosion of the ground due to wind and rain is extremely effective. Can be suppressed.

また、請求項２に係る発明では、食害防止装置の設置後において、荷重分散材に植生植物が絡み易く、従って、草の緊縛力によって食害防止装置は地面に強固に一体化されることになり、その設置安定性は優れたものとなる。しかも、有孔板の孔から露出した植物の端部を鹿等がくわえて引っ張っても、荷重分散材に絡まった植物は根元から抜けてしまう（根こそぎ食べられる）ことはなく、荷重分散材との接触部分等（中間部分）で切れるに止まる。   Moreover, in the invention which concerns on Claim 2, after installation of a damage prevention apparatus, a vegetation plant is easy to get entangled with a load distribution material, Therefore, a damage prevention apparatus will be firmly integrated with the ground by the binding force of grass. The installation stability is excellent. Moreover, even if a deer or the like pulls the end of the plant exposed from the hole in the perforated plate, the plant entangled with the load distribution material does not come out of the root (can be eaten uprooted), and the load distribution material It just stops at the contact part (intermediate part).

本発明の一実施の形態に係る食害防止装置及び食害防止工法の構成を概略的に示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the damage prevention apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention, and the damage prevention construction method. （Ａ）及び（Ｂ）は、前記食害防止装置の構成を概略的に示す分解斜視図及び縦断面図である。(A) And (B) is the disassembled perspective view and longitudinal cross-sectional view which show the structure of the said damage prevention apparatus roughly. 前記食害防止装置の変形例の構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematically the structure of the modification of the said corrosion prevention apparatus. 前記食害防止装置の他の変形例の構成を概略的に示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematically the structure of the other modification of the said corrosion prevention apparatus. 前記食害防止装置の別の変形例の構成を概略的に示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of another modification of the said corrosion prevention apparatus.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

本実施形態に係る食害防止装置は、例えば、山間部の平地や斜面（法面）等に設置され（図１参照）、草食動物（例えば鹿等の大型草食動物）による食害の防止を図るためのものである。   The food damage prevention apparatus according to the present embodiment is installed, for example, on a flat land or a slope (slope) in a mountainous area (see FIG. 1) to prevent food damage caused by herbivores (for example, large herbivores such as deer). belongs to.

そして、食害防止装置は、図１、図２（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に示すように、地面を覆うように配置される有孔板１と、有孔板１を地面から離間させ、有孔板１と地面との間に植物生育空間Ｓを形成するためのスペーサ２と、地面上に配置され、スペーサ２（装置下部）が地中に沈み込むのを防止する荷重分散材３とを備えている。   And as shown in FIG.1, FIG.2 (A) and (B), the anti-corrosion apparatus makes the perforated board 1 arrange | positioned so that the ground may be covered, and the perforated board 1 spaced apart from the ground. A spacer 2 for forming a plant growth space S between the board 1 and the ground, and a load distribution material 3 disposed on the ground and preventing the spacer 2 (lower part of the apparatus) from sinking into the ground are provided. ing.

有孔板１は、その上を人や鹿等が歩ける程度以上の強度を有していることが望ましく、その素材としては例えば樹脂（合成樹脂及び天然樹脂を含む）又は金属を用いることができ、短期的あるいは長期的に分解する分解性のものであってもよいし、非分解性のものであってもよい。本実施形態では、有孔板１として、市販の合成樹脂製の簀の子（縦横共にに５０ｃｍ）を用いる。   It is desirable that the perforated plate 1 has a strength higher than that on which people, deer, etc. can walk, and a resin (including synthetic resin and natural resin) or metal can be used as the material thereof. It may be degradable that decomposes in the short term or in the long term, or may be nondegradable. In this embodiment, a commercially available synthetic resin scissors (50 cm in both length and width) is used as the perforated plate 1.

スペーサ２は、図１及び図２（Ａ）に示すように、本実施形態では有孔板１と同等の長さを有する略直方体形状の木材（厚さ２ｃｍ、高さ８ｃｍ、長さ５０ｃｍ）からなり、有孔板１の長手方向に沿って延びるスペーサ２が所定間隔（例えば５〜１０ｃｍ間隔）置きに複数（図示例では５本）設けられている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the spacer 2 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped wood having a length equivalent to that of the perforated plate 1 in this embodiment (thickness: 2 cm, height: 8 cm, length: 50 cm). The spacer 2 extending along the longitudinal direction of the perforated plate 1 is provided in plural (five in the illustrated example) at predetermined intervals (for example, 5 to 10 cm).

荷重分散材３は有孔板状の部材であり、本実施形態の荷重分散材３は有孔板１と同一物（市販の合成樹脂製の簀の子）である。そして、荷重分散材３は、スペーサ２に加わる荷重を分散させてスペーサ２（装置全体）の沈み込みを防止することができるように、大きな接地面積を有している。具体的には、荷重分散材３は、食害防止装置の施工面積の５〜５０％に相当する接地面積を有していることが望ましい。これは、荷重分散材３の接地面積が施工面積の５％未満であると荷重分散機能（装置全体の沈み込み防止機能）が良好に発揮されず、５０％より大きいと緑化（植生）面積が十分に確保されなくなるためである。   The load distribution material 3 is a perforated plate-like member, and the load distribution material 3 of the present embodiment is the same as the perforated plate 1 (commercially available synthetic resin scissors). The load distribution member 3 has a large ground contact area so that the load applied to the spacer 2 can be dispersed to prevent the spacer 2 (the entire apparatus) from sinking. Specifically, it is desirable that the load distribution material 3 has a ground contact area corresponding to 5 to 50% of the construction area of the corrosion prevention apparatus. This means that if the ground contact area of the load distribution material 3 is less than 5% of the construction area, the load distribution function (the function of preventing the sinking of the entire apparatus) will not be satisfactorily exhibited, and if it exceeds 50%, the greening (vegetation) area will be increased. This is because sufficient security cannot be secured.

そして、各スペーサ２は、有孔板１の下面（地面に対向する面）及び荷重分散材３の上面（地面に対向する面とは逆側の面）にそれぞれ接合（本実施形態では接着剤により接着）され、これにより、有孔板１と、各スペーサ２と、荷重分散材３とは一体化されている。   Each spacer 2 is bonded to the lower surface of the perforated plate 1 (surface facing the ground) and the upper surface of the load distribution material 3 (surface opposite to the surface facing the ground) (in this embodiment, an adhesive). As a result, the perforated plate 1, each spacer 2, and the load distribution material 3 are integrated.

上記構成の食害防止装置は、食害から保護しようとする植生エリア（地面上）に運搬・配置された後、例えばアンカーピン等の固定部材（図示していない）の打設によって地面に固定され、これにより、食害防止装置の設置（食害防止工法）が完了する。尚、本実施形態の食害防止装置は、比較的軽量であるので、施工地までの運搬作業や施工地における設置作業（すなわち、本実施形態に係る食害防止工法）を、低労力で行うことができる。   After being transported and arranged in the vegetation area (on the ground) to be protected from damage, the damage prevention apparatus having the above configuration is fixed to the ground by placing a fixing member (not shown) such as an anchor pin, for example. Thereby, the installation of the damage prevention apparatus (the damage prevention method) is completed. In addition, since the food damage prevention apparatus of this embodiment is comparatively lightweight, it can carry out the conveyance work to a construction site and the installation work in a construction site (namely, the food damage prevention construction method according to this embodiment) with low labor. it can.

尚、前記固定部材は、地中に向けて打設された際に、有孔板１、スペーサ２または荷重分散材３に当接（係止）することにより食害防止装置を地面に固定することができるように構成されていればよく、固定部材としてはアンカーピンの他に杭等を用いることもできる。   In addition, when the fixing member is driven toward the ground, the anticorrosion device is fixed to the ground by abutting (locking) the perforated plate 1, the spacer 2, or the load distribution material 3. It is only necessary to be configured so that a pile can be used as the fixing member in addition to the anchor pin.

そして、地面に設置された食害防止装置は、全体として、人や鹿等に踏まれても形状を保てる強度（保形性）を有しており、施工性の点からは、食害防止装置が設置される地面は予め整地されていることが好ましい。尚、食害防止装置は全体として１００ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 以上の曲げ強度を有することが、鹿等の歩行性の点で好適である。   And the food damage prevention device installed on the ground has the strength (shape retention) that can keep the shape even if stepped on by people or deer as a whole. The ground to be installed is preferably leveled in advance. In addition, it is preferable that the anti-corrosion device has a bending strength of 100 kgf / cm @ 2 or more in terms of walking ability such as deer.

上記のように食害防止工法が行われ食害防止装置が設置されたエリア（食害防止エリア）では、有孔板１の下方の植物生育空間Ｓにおいて荷重分散材３を避けて生育した植物が、やがて有孔板１の孔１ａを通って伸長するまでになる（図１参照）。   In the area (corrosion prevention area) where the damage prevention method is performed and the damage prevention apparatus is installed as described above, the plant that has grown in the plant growth space S below the perforated plate 1 while avoiding the load distribution material 3 will eventually become. It extends until it extends through the hole 1a of the perforated plate 1 (see FIG. 1).

すなわち、図１、図２（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に示すように、有孔板１には多数の孔１ａが設けられている。そして、各孔１ａの縦横を約１ｃｍ以上約５ｃｍ以下（各孔１ａの面積を１ｃｍ2 以上２５ｃｍ2 以下）とするのが好ましく、特に約３ｃｍ以下（各孔１ａの面積を１０ｃｍ2 以下）とすることが好適である。孔１ａの縦横が約１ｃｍ（孔１ａの面積が１ｃｍ2 ）未満では植物の成長に支障をきたし、約５ｃｍ（孔１ａの面積が２５ｃｍ2 ）を超えると鹿等の蹄が孔１ａに入ってしまいその歩行の障害となる（鹿等が有孔板１の上をスムースに移動できなくなる）。また、有孔板１に対する孔１ａ全体の面積比率は２５〜９０％とすることが望ましく、この範囲よりも小さいと植物の成長に不具合が生じ、逆に大きいと鹿等の歩行に耐え得る強度を有孔板１に持たせるのが困難となる。尚、図示例では孔１ａの形状は略矩形状であるが、これに限らず円形状等でもよい。   That is, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) and (B), the perforated plate 1 is provided with a large number of holes 1a. The length and width of each hole 1a are preferably about 1 cm or more and about 5 cm or less (the area of each hole 1a is 1 cm2 or more and 25 cm2 or less), particularly about 3 cm or less (the area of each hole 1a is 10 cm2 or less). Is preferred. If the length and width of the hole 1a are less than about 1 cm (the area of the hole 1a is 1 cm @ 2), the growth of the plant will be hindered, and if it exceeds about 5 cm (the area of the hole 1a is 25 cm @ 2), hoofs such as deer will enter the hole 1a. It becomes an obstacle for walking (deer etc. cannot move on the perforated plate 1 smoothly). Moreover, it is desirable that the area ratio of the whole hole 1a with respect to the perforated plate 1 is 25 to 90%. If the area ratio is smaller than this range, a problem occurs in the growth of the plant. It is difficult to make the perforated plate 1 have. In the illustrated example, the shape of the hole 1a is substantially rectangular, but is not limited to this, and may be circular.

また、一般的な植物は鹿等に根こそぎ食べられると再生不能となるが、例えば、トールフェスクなどの牧草は、地上約２ｃｍにある生長点より上側の部分を食べられても再生可能である。従って、植物の成長を確保するには、植物の再生に不可欠な生長点を保護すればよいのであり、本実施形態では、植物の生長点を保護するために、孔１ａを、鹿等の草食動物が孔１ａから口を入れて植生植物を根こそぎ摂食できない位の大きさとしてある。   In addition, a general plant cannot be regenerated when it is eaten by a deer or the like, but for example, grass such as tall fescue can be regenerated even if a portion above the growth point at about 2 cm above the ground can be eaten. Therefore, in order to ensure the growth of the plant, it is only necessary to protect the growth points indispensable for the regeneration of the plant. In this embodiment, in order to protect the growth points of the plant, the holes 1a are provided with herbivores such as deer. The size is such that the animal cannot enter the mouth through the hole 1a and root the vegetation.

具体的には、スペーサ２及び荷重分散材３に支持された有孔板１の地面からの平均離間距離（平均浮設高さ）は３０ｃｍであることを考慮して、各孔１ａを、縦横７ｃｍの矩形状に形成してある。すなわち、各孔１ａの位置、大きさ、形状等は、植物の成長に支障をきたさず、鹿等の歩行を困難にせず、必要な強度を有孔板１に付与することができる範囲において、保護しようとする生長点の位置や、有孔板１の平均浮設高さ等を考慮して適宜に設定すればよく、要は、各孔１ａを植生植物が通れ、かつ、少なくとも鹿等の草食動物が孔１ａから口を入れて植生植物を根こそぎ摂食できないようにしてあればよい。   Specifically, considering that the perforated plate 1 supported by the spacer 2 and the load dispersion material 3 has an average distance (average floating height) from the ground of 30 cm, each hole 1a is vertically and horizontally It is formed in a 7 cm rectangular shape. That is, the position, size, shape, etc. of each hole 1a does not hinder the growth of plants, does not make walking of deer etc. difficult, and can provide the necessary strength to the perforated plate 1, What is necessary is just to set suitably in consideration of the position of the growth point to be protected, the average floating height of the perforated plate 1, etc. In short, vegetation plants can pass through each hole 1a and at least deer etc. What is necessary is just to make it impossible for herbivores to put their mouth through the hole 1a and to uproot the vegetation plants.

本実施形態の食害防止装置では、植生植物の生長点を有孔板１の下方に形成される植物生育空間Ｓ内に位置させて保護するので、植生植物に対する鹿等の草食動物による食害や踏み荒らしを確実に防止することができる。   In the food damage prevention apparatus according to the present embodiment, the growth point of the vegetation plant is positioned and protected in the plant growth space S formed below the perforated plate 1, so that the vegetation plant is eaten by a herbivorous animal such as a deer or stepped on it. Trolling can be surely prevented.

また、施工後の食害防止装置は、人や鹿等が上に載っても変形しない程度以上の強度（保形性）を有し、人や鹿等の移動を妨げないので、施工性が向上するのみならず、植生植物において有孔板１の孔１ａよりも外側に伸長した部分（茎や葉）を鹿等が摂食することを許容して、鹿等との共生を積極的に図ることができ、鹿等が食害防止装置の設置エリアから他の地域に移動して、その地域で新たに食害をもたらすというようなことを無くして、食害の根本的な解決にも繋がる対策をとることも可能とする。   In addition, the post-construction damage prevention device has strength (shape retention) that does not deform even if people or deer are placed on it, and does not hinder the movement of people or deers, thus improving workability. In addition, the vegetation plant allows the deer to eat the portion (stem and leaf) extending outward from the hole 1a of the perforated plate 1 and actively promotes symbiosis with the deer. Measures that can lead to a fundamental solution to food damage by eliminating the possibility that deer, etc. will move from the area where the food damage prevention equipment is installed to other areas and cause new food damage in that area. It is also possible.

例えば、食害防止装置を林道の道路わきの法面に設置した場合には、鹿等は地面から届く範囲（食べ易い範囲）の植生植物の有孔板１の孔１ａよりも外側に伸長した部分を摂食し、いわば刈り込みを行ってくれるので、植生植物が道路に向かって大きく飛び出して幅員を狭めたり視界を遮ってしまうことがなく、林道管理における草刈り労力の低減を図ることもできる。   For example, when an anti-corrosion device is installed on the slope of a roadside of a forest road, a deer etc. extends outside the hole 1a of the perforated plate 1 of the vegetation plant within the reach of the ground (easily eaten) This means that the vegetation plants will jump out toward the road so that the width of the vegetation will not be narrowed and the field of view will not be obstructed.

また、本実施形態の食害防止装置では、その設置後において、簀の子からなる荷重分散材３に植生植物が絡み易く、従って、固定部材による固定だけでなく、草の緊縛力によっても食害防止装置は地面に強固に一体化されることになり、その設置安定性は優れたものとなる。しかも、有孔板１の孔１ａから露出した植物の端部を鹿等がくわえて引っ張っても、荷重分散材３に絡まった植物は根元から抜けてしまう（根こそぎ食べられる）ことはなく、荷重分散材３との接触部分等（中間部分）で切れるに止まる。   Moreover, in the damage prevention apparatus of this embodiment, after the installation, the vegetation plant is easily entangled with the load distribution material 3 made of cocoons, and thus the damage prevention apparatus is not only fixed by the fixing member but also by the binding force of the grass. It will be firmly integrated with the ground, and its installation stability will be excellent. Moreover, even if a deer or the like pulls the end of the plant exposed from the hole 1a of the perforated plate 1 and pulls it, the plant entangled with the load distribution material 3 does not come out from the root (can be eaten up), and the load It stops at the contact portion with the dispersion material 3 (intermediate portion).

また、本実施形態の食害防止装置及び食害防止工法では、施工直後から有孔板１は地面を覆い、荷重分散材３は地面を押圧することになり、特に荷重分散材３には植生植物が絡むこともあって、風雨による地面の侵食を極めて効果的に抑制することができる。   Moreover, in the food damage prevention apparatus and the food damage prevention construction method of the present embodiment, the perforated plate 1 covers the ground immediately after the construction, and the load distribution material 3 presses the ground. In particular, the load distribution material 3 includes vegetation plants. In some cases, the erosion of the ground due to wind and rain can be extremely effectively suppressed.

なお、本発明は、上記の実施の形態に何ら限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々に変形して実施し得ることは勿論である。例えば、以下のような変形例を挙げることができる。   In addition, this invention is not limited to said embodiment at all, Of course, it can change and implement variously in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, the following modifications can be given.

上記実施の形態では、有孔板１とスペーサ２と荷重分散材３とは互いに別体に成形されているが、スペーサ２は、有孔板１の一面側（下面側）に連設されていても（有孔板１とスペーサ２が一体成形されていても）よく、同様に、荷重分散材３は、スペーサ２の一面側（下面側）に連設されていても（荷重分散材３とスペーサ２が一体成形されていても）よい。   In the above embodiment, the perforated plate 1, the spacer 2, and the load distribution material 3 are formed separately from each other, but the spacer 2 is continuously provided on one surface side (lower surface side) of the perforated plate 1. However, the perforated plate 1 and the spacer 2 may be integrally formed. Similarly, the load distribution material 3 may be connected to one surface side (lower surface side) of the spacer 2 (load distribution material 3). And the spacer 2 may be integrally formed).

上記実施の形態では、荷重分散材３はスペーサ２の下部を支持しているが、荷重分散材３がスペーサ２の下部以外の部位（例えば中間部位）を支持するように構成されていてもよい。   In the embodiment described above, the load distribution material 3 supports the lower portion of the spacer 2, but the load distribution material 3 may be configured to support a portion (for example, an intermediate portion) other than the lower portion of the spacer 2. .

上記実施の形態では、食害防止装置を地面上に直接設置する。しかし、食害防止工法が施工される地面は、必ずしも水分に富んでいるとは限らず、むしろ、硬質土壌や軟岩地などのように植物の生育環境が劣悪である場合が多い。このような場合、例えば、図３に示すように、食害防止装置の下側に、保水性を有する種子や肥料等の植生基材４が付着した薄綿シート５と、ジオテキスタイルネット（グリッド材）６とを敷設すれば、緑化の早期化や確実化を図ることができる。   In the said embodiment, a food damage prevention apparatus is installed directly on the ground. However, the ground on which the damage prevention method is constructed is not necessarily rich in water, but rather, the growing environment of the plant is often inferior, such as hard soil or soft rock. In such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a thin cotton sheet 5 having a vegetation base material 4 such as seeds and fertilizers having water retention attached to the lower side of the eating damage prevention apparatus, and a geotextile net (grid material) If 6 is laid, the greening can be accelerated and ensured.

ここで、ジオテキスタイルネット６は、例えば、ポリエチレンやポリエステルなどの合成高分子材料を素材とするものであり、強度が１ｔ／ｍ〜８ｔ／ｍ程度、重量が２００ｇ／ｍ2 〜３００ｇ／ｍ2 程度で、その目合いが例えば７〜３０ｍｍのものであり、図示していない受圧板やアンカーピン等により、地面に固定される（例えば、特開２００１−１６４５７６号公報参照）。   Here, the geotextile net 6 is made of a synthetic polymer material such as polyethylene or polyester, and has a strength of about 1 t / m to 8 t / m and a weight of about 200 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2. The scale is 7 to 30 mm, for example, and is fixed to the ground by a pressure receiving plate, an anchor pin or the like (not shown) (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-164576).

この場合、荷重分散材３を省略し、スペーサ２の下部をジオテキスタイルネット６の目合いに差し込むことにより、スペーサ２とジオテキスタイルネット６とを接合（連結）するようにしてもよく、この場合にはジオテキスタイルネット６あるいは薄綿シート５が荷重分散材としての機能を発揮することになる。   In this case, the load distribution material 3 may be omitted, and the lower portion of the spacer 2 may be inserted into the mesh of the geotextile net 6 so that the spacer 2 and the geotextile net 6 are joined (connected). The geotextile net 6 or the thin cotton sheet 5 will function as a load dispersion material.

そして、上記薄綿シート４やジオテキスタイルネット６に加えて、あるいはこれらに代えて、保水性や遮光性等、適宜の性能を有する公知の植生マットや椰子繊維ネット等を敷設するようにしてもよく、あるいは公知の植生基盤材（肥料や植物種子等）を地面に吹付けした上に、食害防止装置を設置するようにしても同様の効果が得られる。   Then, in addition to or instead of the thin cotton sheet 4 and the geotextile net 6, a known vegetation mat or insulator fiber net having appropriate performance such as water retention and light shielding property may be laid. Alternatively, the same effect can be obtained by installing a food damage prevention device after spraying a known vegetation base material (fertilizer, plant seeds, etc.) on the ground.

また、上記実施の形態の荷重分散材３は、簀の子よりなるので、植生植物が絡み易く、植生植物が荷重分散材３に絡むことによって種々の効果が得られることは上述した通りである。そして、植生植物３が絡み易いという点から、荷重分散材３は、地面を覆う有孔板状または網状の部分を有していることが望ましく、同様の理由から、植物生育空間Ｓの内部に、植物が絡み易い部分が存在することが望ましい。そのような部分は、鹿等の口が届かないような地面に近接した位置にあるのが好ましいが、例えば、図４に示すように、スペーサ２を中空で多数の孔２ａを有する筒状体あるいは箱状体によって構成しても得ることができる。   Moreover, since the load distribution material 3 of the said embodiment consists of a cocoon child, it is as above-mentioned that a vegetation plant is easy to get involved, and various effects are acquired when a vegetation plant gets involved in the load distribution material 3. And since the vegetation plant 3 is easy to get entangled, it is desirable for the load distribution material 3 to have a perforated plate-like or net-like part that covers the ground, and for the same reason, the inside of the plant growth space S. It is desirable that there is a part where the plant is easily entangled. Such a part is preferably in a position close to the ground where the mouth of a deer etc. cannot reach. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a cylindrical body having a hollow spacer 2 and a large number of holes 2a. Or it can obtain even if comprised with a box-shaped body.

また、図５に示すように、上下２枚の突起７付き有孔板８を、突起７を相対させて組み合わせることにより、食害防止装置を構成するようにしてもよい。ここで、突起７の先端部は二又になっており、上下の有孔板８を対向させる際に、下側の有孔板８に対して上側の有孔板８の位相を上下方向の軸まわりに９０°ずらしておくことにより、下側の有孔板８の各突起７に上側の有孔板８の各突起７を差し込んで連結させることができる。そして、この場合、上側の有孔板８は、上記実施の形態における有孔板１にスペーサ２を連設したものに該当し、下側の有孔板８は、上記実施の形態における荷重分散材３に該当するものとなる。   Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, you may make it comprise a corrosion prevention apparatus by combining the perforated board 8 with two protrusions 7 upper and lower with the protrusion 7 facing each other. Here, the tip of the projection 7 is bifurcated, and when the upper and lower perforated plates 8 are opposed to each other, the phase of the upper perforated plate 8 with respect to the lower perforated plate 8 is set in the vertical direction. By shifting 90 ° around the axis, each projection 7 of the upper perforated plate 8 can be inserted and connected to each projection 7 of the lower perforated plate 8. In this case, the upper perforated plate 8 corresponds to the perforated plate 1 in the above embodiment and the spacer 2 is provided continuously, and the lower perforated plate 8 is the load distribution in the above embodiment. This corresponds to the material 3.

そして、この場合、下側の有孔板８に代えて、上側の有孔板８の突起７が嵌合する雌孔を有する有孔板（図示していない）等を用いるようにしてもよい。   In this case, instead of the lower perforated plate 8, a perforated plate (not shown) having a female hole into which the projection 7 of the upper perforated plate 8 is fitted may be used. .

なお、上記変形例どうしを適宜組み合わせてもよいことはいうまでもない。   Needless to say, the above modifications may be combined as appropriate.

１ 有孔板
１ａ 孔
２ スペーサ
３ 荷重分散材

1 perforated plate 1a hole 2 spacer 3 load distribution material

Claims (4)

地面を覆うように配置される有孔板と、
前記有孔板を前記地面から離間させ、前記有孔板と前記地面との間に植物生育空間を形成するためのスペーサと、
前記地面上に配置され、前記スペーサに接合または連設されて該スペーサが地中に沈み込むのを防止する荷重分散材とを備え、
保護エリアに配置される前に、前記スペーサは、前記有孔板の下面及び前記荷重分散材の上面にそれぞれ接合され一体化されており、
前記植物生育空間において生育した植物が前記有孔板の孔を通って伸長することができるように構成されている食害防止装置。 A perforated plate arranged to cover the ground;
A spacer for separating the perforated plate from the ground, and forming a plant growth space between the perforated plate and the ground;
A load distribution member disposed on the ground and joined or connected to the spacer to prevent the spacer from sinking into the ground,
Before being arranged in the protection area, the spacer is joined and integrated with the lower surface of the perforated plate and the upper surface of the load distribution material, respectively.
A food damage prevention apparatus configured to allow a plant grown in the plant growth space to extend through a hole in the perforated plate. 前記荷重分散材が、前記地面を覆う有孔板状または網状の部分を有している請求項１に記載の食害防止装置。   The damage prevention apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the load dispersion member has a perforated plate-like or net-like portion covering the ground. 前記保護エリアの地中に向けて打設され、前記有孔板、前記スペーサまたは前記荷重分散材に当接する固定部材を備えた請求項１または２に記載の食害防止装置。   The eating damage prevention apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fixing member that is placed toward the ground of the protection area and contacts the perforated plate, the spacer, or the load distribution material. 請求項１〜３の何れか一項に記載の食害防止装置を地面に設置する食害防止工法。   The damage prevention construction method which installs the damage prevention apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3 on the ground.
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