JP5760213B2 - Wall structure of house by external insulation method and its construction method - Google Patents

Wall structure of house by external insulation method and its construction method Download PDF

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JP5760213B2
JP5760213B2 JP2013137150A JP2013137150A JP5760213B2 JP 5760213 B2 JP5760213 B2 JP 5760213B2 JP 2013137150 A JP2013137150 A JP 2013137150A JP 2013137150 A JP2013137150 A JP 2013137150A JP 5760213 B2 JP5760213 B2 JP 5760213B2
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司郎 林
司郎 林
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エコホームパネル株式会社
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本発明は、外張り断熱工法による家屋の壁を構成する壁構造及びその施工方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a wall structure that constitutes a wall of a house by an external heat insulating method and a construction method thereof.

家屋等といった木造の建築物では、保温効果の向上を図るために断熱材を用いて断熱性を付与している。近年の建築物では、該断熱材で略隙間なく外側を覆うことができるので断熱効果が高い、木軸組みの内側で結露が発生しないので耐久性が高い等の利点から、外張断熱工法が多く採用される。 通常の外張断熱工法による木造の建築物の壁構造は、屋外側から柱あるいは間柱の間に耐力面材を配し、該耐力面材を柱や間柱に釘で打ち付けた後、該耐力面材の外側に断熱材を貼り付けて構成される。つまり、通常の外張断熱工法による木造建築物の壁構造では、耐力面材を取り付ける作業と、断熱材を取り付ける作業の2つの作業を要し、これが施工作業を煩雑化している。 そこで、特許文献1から特許文献3には、施工作業の簡易化を図るべく、耐力面材と断熱材を一体化した壁パネルが提案されている。 In a wooden building such as a house, heat insulation is provided by using a heat insulating material in order to improve a heat retaining effect. In recent buildings, the outer insulation can be covered with the heat insulating material without any gaps, so that the heat insulation effect is high, and the dew condensation does not occur inside the wooden shaft assembly, so that the outer insulation method is highly durable. Many are adopted. The wall structure of a wooden building by a normal external thermal insulation method is to install a load bearing surface between pillars or studs from the outside, and nailed the load bearing material to the pillars or studs with the nails. A heat insulating material is pasted on the outside of the material. That is, in the wall structure of a wooden building by a normal external heat insulation construction method, two operations of attaching a load bearing member and attaching an insulating material are required, which complicates the construction operation. Therefore, in Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 3, a wall panel in which a load bearing surface material and a heat insulating material are integrated is proposed in order to simplify the construction work.

特開2004−52362号公報JP 2004-52362 A 特開2004−285781号公報JP 2004-285781 A 特開2005−248567号公報JP 2005-248567 A

ところが、上記従来の耐力面材と断熱材を一体化した壁パネルによって構成される耐力壁は、地震による揺れ等のような建築物に働く力に対してその性能を十分に発揮できない可能性があるという問題があった。 すなわち、上記従来の壁パネルは、施工後に上記耐力面材同士が隙間なく接触した状態となる。この耐力面材は、柱や梁等による木軸組みに釘打ちされて該木軸組みを固定することで、地震や風等による横方向からの力に耐えるための耐力壁を作る。但し、建築物に働く力の全てを該耐力壁で受けるような構成にしてしまうと、却って建築物の剛性が損なわれてしまうので、該耐力壁へ働く力をある程度逃がすことが出来る構成とすることが望ましい。そして、上記従来の壁パネルのように、耐力面材同士を隙間なく接触させてしまうと、該耐力壁へ働く力を逃がすことが困難になり、該耐力壁がその性能を十分に発揮することができなくなってしまう。 本発明は、このような従来技術に存在する問題点に着目してなされたものである。その目的とするところは、簡易に施工することができるとともに、断熱性能を保持しつつ、耐力壁としての性能を好適に発揮することができる外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造及びその施工方法を提供することにある。 However, the conventional load-bearing wall composed of a wall panel that integrates the above-mentioned conventional load-bearing face material and heat insulating material may not be able to fully demonstrate its performance against the forces acting on the building such as shaking caused by an earthquake. There was a problem that there was. That is, the conventional wall panel is in a state where the load bearing members are in contact with each other without any gaps after construction. This load bearing member is nailed to a wooden frame assembly such as a column or a beam to fix the wooden frame assembly, thereby creating a load bearing wall to withstand a lateral force caused by an earthquake or wind. However, if it is configured to receive all the force acting on the building with the load-bearing wall, the rigidity of the building will be lost on the contrary, so that the force acting on the load-bearing wall can be released to some extent. It is desirable. And, if the load bearing members are brought into contact with each other without a gap as in the conventional wall panel, it becomes difficult to release the force acting on the load bearing wall, and the load bearing wall exhibits its performance sufficiently. Will not be able to. The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to provide a wall structure of a house by an external thermal insulation method and its construction method that can be easily constructed and that can suitably exhibit the performance as a load-bearing wall while maintaining thermal insulation performance. It is to provide.

上記課題を解決するための手段として、請求項1に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の発明は、耐力面材の外面に断熱材を接合してなる複数の壁パネルを柱又は梁に釘で固定することで耐力壁として構成される外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造であって、左右方向で他の壁パネルが隣接する壁パネルについては、隣接する壁パネル同士の間において、上記断熱材による断熱層を連続させるために該断熱材同士は隙間なく突き合わせつつも、耐力壁としての性能を保つために上記耐力面材同士の間は隙間を設けるべく、左右方向で上記断熱材の長さに比べ、上記耐力面材の長さが短く設定されて段差部が形成されていることを要旨とする。 請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の発明において、上記壁パネルは家屋の外側から上記断熱材を介して上記釘を打ち込むことで上記耐力面材を上記柱又は上記梁に固定して使用されるものであり、上記釘には、上記家屋の柱又は梁へ打ち込まれたことを上記断熱材の外側から確認するために二重頭釘が使用されることを要旨とする。 請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の発明において、上記壁パネルには、上記釘の打ち込み位置を指示するべく、上記家屋の柱及び間柱のうち少なくとも一方と対応する位置に釘打指示手段が設けられていることを要旨とする。 請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項3のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の発明において、上記壁パネルには、家屋における該壁パネルの配設位置を示す配置指示手段が設けられていることを要旨とする。 請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項4のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の発明において、上記壁パネルは、上記家屋の設計データに基づいたCAD/CAM−システムを使用し、家屋上における配設位置を定めたうえで製造されたものであることを要旨とする。 請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項1から請求項5のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の施工方法であって、一の壁パネルを定められた配設位置に配した後、左右方向で該一の壁パネルの断熱材に他の壁パネルの断熱材を接触させて、壁パネルの左右方向における位置合わせを行うことを要旨とする。 As means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the invention of the wall structure of the house by the external heat insulation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of wall panels formed by joining a heat insulating material to an outer surface of a load bearing surface material are pillars or beams. It is a wall structure of a house by an external insulation method constructed as a load-bearing wall by fixing it with nails, and for wall panels where other wall panels are adjacent in the left-right direction, between adjacent wall panels, In order to maintain the performance as a load-bearing wall, the heat-insulating material in the left-right direction is provided in order to maintain the performance as a load-bearing wall, while the heat-insulating materials are abutted without gaps so that the heat-insulating layer by the heat-insulating material is continuous The gist of the present invention is that the length of the load-bearing face material is set to be shorter than the length of the stepped portion . The invention according to claim 2 is the invention of the wall structure of the house by the external heat insulation method according to claim 1, wherein the wall panel is driven by the nail through the heat insulating material from the outside of the house, so that the proof strength is achieved. The face material is fixed to the column or the beam, and the nail has a double-headed nail to confirm that it has been driven into the column or beam of the house from the outside of the heat insulating material. The gist is to be used. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the wall structure of the house by the external insulation method according to the first or second aspect, the wall panel is provided with the above-mentioned house to indicate the driving position of the nail. The gist of the present invention is that a nailing instruction means is provided at a position corresponding to at least one of the pillars and the intermediate pillars. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of a wall structure of a house by an external thermal insulation method according to any one of the first to third aspects, the wall panel includes the wall panel of the house. The gist is that an arrangement instructing means for indicating the arrangement position is provided. The invention according to claim 5 is the invention of the wall structure of the house by the external thermal insulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wall panel is based on the design data of the house. The gist of the invention is that the CAD / CAM-system is used and manufactured after the arrangement position on the house is determined. The invention according to claim 6 is a construction method of a wall structure of a house by the external insulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein one wall panel is defined. The gist is to align the wall panels in the left-right direction by placing the heat-insulating material of the other wall panel in contact with the heat-insulating material of the one wall panel in the left-right direction.

〔作用〕 本発明の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造で使用する壁パネルは、耐力面材の外面に断熱材を接合して該耐力面材と該断熱材を一体化したものであり、該壁パネルを施工する作業のみで、該耐力面材による耐力壁と、該断熱材による断熱層の両方を設置することができ、施工作業の簡易化と工期の短縮化を図ることができる。更に該壁パネルは、家屋の壁上における左右方向で、断熱材の長さに比べ、耐力面材の長さが短く設定されて段差部が形成されている。このため、家屋の壁上における左右方向で複数の壁パネル相互を左右に突き合わせながら並設していくと、耐力面材同士の間に上記段差部による隙間を設けつつ、断熱材同士を隙間なく突き合わせて連続した断熱層を形成することができる。そして該耐力面材同士の間に設けられた上記段差部による隙間は、該耐力面材による耐力壁へ働く力を逃がすためのものとなる。従って、好適な断熱性能を保持しつつ、耐力壁としての性能を好適に発揮することができる壁構造を簡易な施工作業で得ることができる。 [Operation] The wall panel used in the wall structure of the house by the external heat insulation method of the present invention is obtained by joining the heat-resistant surface material and the heat insulating material by bonding the heat insulating material to the outer surface of the load-bearing surface material, Only the work of constructing the wall panel can install both the load-bearing wall made of the load-bearing face material and the heat-insulating layer made of the heat-insulating material, and the construction work can be simplified and the construction period can be shortened. Further, the wall panel has a stepped portion in the left-right direction on the wall of the house, in which the length of the load bearing surface material is set shorter than the length of the heat insulating material. For this reason, when a plurality of wall panels are juxtaposed side by side in the left-right direction on the wall of the house, there is no gap between the heat insulating materials while providing a gap due to the stepped portion between the load bearing surfaces. A continuous heat insulation layer can be formed by abutting. And the clearance gap by the said level | step-difference part provided between these load-bearing face materials becomes for releasing the force which acts on the load-bearing wall by this load-bearing face material. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a wall structure capable of suitably exhibiting the performance as a load-bearing wall while maintaining suitable heat insulation performance by a simple construction work.

また通常の壁パネルは、耐力面材を柱又は梁に釘打ちして固定する場合、耐力面材の外側に断熱材が配されており、該断熱材を介して釘打ちを行うと、該釘の頭部が該断熱材の内部で止まってしまって該耐力面材をしっかりと固定することができない。このため該断熱材の一部を切除したり(特許文献1)、釘打ち部分に凹溝を設けて釘打ち後に該凹溝を桟木で塞いだり(特許文献2)、釘打ち部分を避けて断熱層を設けたり(特許文献3)するが、このような場合は断熱層が連続せずに断熱性能を低下させる。本発明の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造で使用する壁パネルにおいては、釘に二重頭釘を使用することにより、断熱材を介して耐力面材に釘を打ち込んだ場合に、該断熱材の外側からでも該耐力面材や柱又は梁への釘の打ち込み量を確認することができ、断熱性能を保持しつつ、壁パネルを好適に固定することができる。 また通常の壁パネルは、耐力面材を柱又は梁に釘打ちして固定する場合、耐力面材の外側に断熱材が配されているから、柱又は梁と耐力面材との位置関係が把握しづらく、釘の打ち込み位置を探すことが困難である。本発明の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造で使用する壁パネルにおいては、断熱材の外面に釘打指示手段を設けることにより、該釘打指示手段によって釘の打ち込み位置を探す手間を省くことが可能であり、釘打ち作業の簡易化と工期の短縮化を図ることができる。 また本発明の壁パネルは、家屋上における該壁パネルの配設位置を示す配置指示手段を設けられることにより、壁パネルの配設位置を迅速に把握することが可能となり、施工作業の短時間化を図ることができる。 またCAD/CAM−システムによって製造された壁パネルを使用する家屋の壁構造は、該壁パネルを並べて敷設するのみで、耐力面材同士の間に所定の隙間を設けつつ、断熱材による断熱層が連続したものとなり、耐久性と断熱性に優れたものとなる。さらに、例えば建築現場で寸法を合わせて断熱材を削る等のような建築現場における煩雑な加工作業が必要ない。 本発明の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の施工方法は、上記壁パネルを用い、左右方向で隣接する壁パネルの断熱材相互を接触させることで、該壁パネルの左右方向における位置合わせが行われるため、非常に簡易であり、耐久性と断熱性を保持しつつも、作業の簡易化と工期の短縮化とが図られている。 Further, in the case of a normal wall panel, when a load bearing face material is nailed and fixed to a column or a beam, a heat insulating material is disposed on the outside of the load bearing face material, and when nailing is performed through the heat insulation material, The head of the nail stops inside the heat insulating material, and the load bearing member cannot be firmly fixed. For this reason, a part of the heat insulating material is cut off (Patent Document 1), a groove is provided in the nail driving portion, and the groove is closed with a crosspiece after the nail driving (Patent Document 2). Although a heat insulating layer is provided (Patent Document 3), in such a case, the heat insulating layer is not continuous and the heat insulating performance is lowered. In the wall panel used in the wall structure of the house by the external heat insulation method of the present invention, when the nail is driven into the load bearing member through the heat insulating material by using a double head nail for the nail, the heat insulating material It is possible to confirm the amount of nail being driven into the load bearing member, the column or the beam even from the outside, and it is possible to suitably fix the wall panel while maintaining the heat insulating performance. In addition, when a normal wall panel is nailed and fixed to a column or beam, a heat insulating material is arranged outside the load bearing surface, so the positional relationship between the column or beam and the load bearing surface is It is difficult to grasp and it is difficult to find the nail driving position. In the wall panel used in the wall structure of the house by the external thermal insulation method of the present invention, by providing the nail driving instruction means on the outer surface of the heat insulating material, it is possible to save the trouble of searching for the nail driving position by the nail driving instruction means. Therefore, the nailing operation can be simplified and the construction period can be shortened. In addition, the wall panel of the present invention is provided with an arrangement instruction means for indicating the arrangement position of the wall panel on the house, so that the arrangement position of the wall panel can be quickly grasped, and the construction work can be performed in a short time. Can be achieved. Moreover, the wall structure of the house using the wall panel manufactured by the CAD / CAM-system is only to lay the wall panel side by side, and provide a predetermined gap between the load-bearing face materials, and a heat insulating layer made of a heat insulating material. Becomes continuous and has excellent durability and heat insulation. Further, for example, complicated processing operations at the construction site such as cutting the heat insulating material by matching the dimensions at the construction site are not required. The construction method of the wall structure of the house by the external thermal insulation method of the present invention uses the above-mentioned wall panel, and by contacting the heat insulating materials of the adjacent wall panels in the left-right direction, the alignment of the wall panel in the left-right direction can be performed. Since it is performed, it is very simple, and while maintaining durability and heat insulation, simplification of work and shortening of the construction period are achieved.

〔効果〕 本発明にあっては、簡易に施工することができるとともに、断熱性能を保持しつつ、耐力壁としての性能を好適に発揮することができる外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造及びその施工方法を提供することが出来る。 [Effects] In the present invention, the wall structure of a house by an external heat insulating construction method that can be easily constructed and can suitably exhibit the performance as a load-bearing wall while maintaining the heat insulating performance, and its A construction method can be provided.

実施例の壁パネルを示す(a)は外側から見た斜視図、(b)は平面図。(A) which shows the wall panel of an Example is the perspective view seen from the outer side, (b) is a top view. 壁パネルを木軸組みに取り付ける状態を示す正面図。The front view which shows the state which attaches a wall panel to a wooden frame. 壁パネルを木軸組みに取り付けた状態を示す平断面図。The plane sectional view showing the state where the wall panel was attached to the wooden frame. (a)は実施例の壁パネルを示す説明図、(b)はの通常の壁パネルを示す説明図。(A) is explanatory drawing which shows the wall panel of an Example, (b) is explanatory drawing which shows a normal wall panel.

本発明を具体
化した一実施形態について以下に説明する。 図1(a),(b)に示すように、壁パネル10は、耐力面材11に断熱材12を接合することによって、該耐力面材11と該断熱材12とを一体化して構成されたものである。該断熱材12は、該耐力面材11の両面のうち前記断熱材12が接合される面の側を外側として、該耐力面材11の外側から内側への伝熱を妨げることで、前記壁パネル10に断熱性能を付与するためのものである。 上記耐力面材11は、合板、中比重繊維板、ハードボード、火山性ガラス質板、パーティクルボード、木質セメント板、サーモプライ等のような、釘打ちによって固定可能な材料を使用し、矩形板状に形成されている。 上記断熱材12は、家屋の外側から内側への伝熱を妨げるとともに、湿気を家屋の内側から外側へ逃がすために、多孔質材を使用して矩形板状に形成されている。該多孔質材としては、ポリスチレン発泡体、フェノール樹脂発泡体、ポリエチレン発泡体、ポリプロピレン発泡体、半硬質ポリウレタン発泡体、メラミン樹脂発泡体等のプラスチック発泡体が挙げられる。
An embodiment embodying the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the wall panel 10 is formed by joining the heat-resistant face material 11 and the heat-insulating material 12 by joining the heat-resistant material 12 to the load-bearing face material 11. It is a thing. The heat insulating material 12 prevents the heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the load bearing surface material 11 with the side of the surface to which the heat insulation material 12 is bonded out of both surfaces of the load bearing material material 11 being the outside. This is to impart thermal insulation performance to the panel 10. The load bearing face 11 is made of a material that can be fixed by nailing, such as plywood, medium specific gravity fiber board, hard board, volcanic glass board, particle board, wood cement board, thermoply, etc. It is formed in a shape. The heat insulating material 12 is formed in a rectangular plate shape using a porous material in order to prevent heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the house and to release moisture from the inside to the outside of the house. Examples of the porous material include plastic foams such as polystyrene foam, phenol resin foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, semi-rigid polyurethane foam, and melamine resin foam.

上記壁パネル10は左右方向(横幅方向)において、上記耐力面材11の長さW1が、上記断熱材12の長さW2に比べて、短く設定されている(W1<W2)。従って、該壁パネル10の側面には、該耐力面材11の長さW1と該断熱材12の長さW2との差に伴い、段差部13が形成されている。 なお、上記壁パネル10は上下方向(縦幅方向)において、上記耐力面材11の長さと上記断熱材12の長さとは同じ長さとされている。但し、上記した横幅方向と同様に上記耐力面材11の長さを上記断熱材12の長さに比べて短く設定し、上記壁パネル10の上面部にのみ、上記した側面と同様の段差部を形成してもよい。 In the left-right direction (lateral width direction) of the wall panel 10, the length W1 of the load-bearing face material 11 is set shorter than the length W2 of the heat insulating material 12 (W1 <W2). Therefore, a step portion 13 is formed on the side surface of the wall panel 10 in accordance with the difference between the length W1 of the load bearing surface material 11 and the length W2 of the heat insulating material 12. The wall panel 10 has a length equal to the length of the load bearing surface material 11 and the length of the heat insulating material 12 in the vertical direction (vertical width direction). However, the length of the load-bearing surface material 11 is set shorter than the length of the heat insulating material 12 in the same manner as in the lateral width direction described above, and only the upper surface portion of the wall panel 10 has a stepped portion similar to the side surface described above. May be formed.

図2に示すように、家屋においては、基礎(図示略)の上に土台21が固定され、該土台21上に複数本の柱22が所定間隔おきに立設され、さらに該柱22上に梁23が支持固定され、また必要であれば複数本の柱22の間に間柱24が設けられて、木軸組み20が作られる。上記壁パネル10は、前記耐力面材11が該木軸組みに釘打ちされ、該木軸組みを固定することにより、地震や風等による横方向からの力に耐えるための耐力壁を作るとともに、該耐力壁の外側に前記断熱材12が断熱層を形成することにより、外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造を構成する。 上記壁パネル10は、家屋の設計データに基づいたCAD/CAM−システムを使用し、該家屋の壁面上で何れの位置に配置されるかを、つまり家屋上における配設位置を定めて製造されたものである。すなわち、該壁パネル10の断熱材12の長さ(横幅)W2は、家屋上での配設位置における一方の柱22の中央から他方の柱22の中央までの距離と一致するように設定されている。また該壁パネル10の断熱材12の高さ(縦幅)は、家屋上での配設位置において、該壁パネル10の下端部が土台21に被さり、かつ該壁パネル10の上端部が梁23に被さるような長さに設定されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the house, a base 21 is fixed on a foundation (not shown), and a plurality of pillars 22 are erected on the base 21 at predetermined intervals, and further on the pillars 22. The beam 23 is supported and fixed, and if necessary, an inter-column 24 is provided between a plurality of columns 22 to form a wood frame assembly 20. The wall panel 10 has a load bearing wall for withstanding a force from a lateral direction caused by an earthquake or wind by fixing the wooden shaft assembly by nailing the load bearing surface material 11 to the wooden shaft assembly. The heat insulating material 12 forms a heat insulating layer on the outer side of the load bearing wall, thereby forming a wall structure of the house by an external heat insulating method. The wall panel 10 is manufactured by using a CAD / CAM-system based on the design data of the house and determining the position on the wall surface of the house, that is, determining the position on the house. It is a thing. That is, the length (horizontal width) W2 of the heat insulating material 12 of the wall panel 10 is set so as to coincide with the distance from the center of one column 22 to the center of the other column 22 at the arrangement position on the house. ing. In addition, the height (vertical width) of the heat insulating material 12 of the wall panel 10 is such that the lower end portion of the wall panel 10 covers the base 21 and the upper end portion of the wall panel 10 is a beam at the arrangement position on the house. 23 is set to such a length as to cover 23.

上記壁パネル10は、CAD/CAM−システムを使用し、家屋での配設位置を定めて製造されたものであるため、一棟の家屋に使用される全てが同じ構成になっているとは限らない。例えば、一部の壁パネル10は、他の壁パネル10よりも短い横幅や縦幅で形成されていたり、あるいは窓枠を取り付けるための孔が形成されていたりする場合がある。よって、定められた位置以外に壁パネル10を取り付けようとすれば、土台21、柱22、梁23あるいは間柱24による木軸組み20の位置がずれてしまい、該壁パネル10を釘打ち固定して耐力壁を形成することができなくなる。そこで、該壁パネル10には、下記の釘打位置指示手段や配置指示手段を設けることが望ましい。 Since the wall panel 10 is manufactured by using a CAD / CAM-system and determining the arrangement position in a house, it is said that all used for one house have the same configuration. Not exclusively. For example, some of the wall panels 10 may be formed with a shorter horizontal width or vertical width than other wall panels 10 or may have holes for attaching window frames. Therefore, if the wall panel 10 is to be attached at a position other than the predetermined position, the position of the wooden frame assembly 20 by the base 21, the pillar 22, the beam 23, or the spacer 24 is shifted, and the wall panel 10 is fixed by nailing. This makes it impossible to form a bearing wall. Therefore, it is desirable that the wall panel 10 is provided with the following nailing position instruction means and arrangement instruction means.

上記壁パネル10において、断熱材12の外面には、土台21、柱22、梁23あるいは間柱24による木軸組み20と対応する位置に、釘打位置指示手段としての指示線31が付されている(図1(a)参照)。 すなわち、図2に示すように、該壁パネル10にあっては、前記耐力面材11よりも前記断熱材12が外側に配されるため、木軸組み20上に該壁パネル10を配すると外部から土台21、柱22、梁23あるいは間柱24による木軸組み20の位置が分からなくなる。該指示線31は、前記断熱材12が外側に配されたままの状態にあって、該木軸組み20の位置を示すことで、作業者に釘打位置を明確に認識させるためのものである。 上記指示線31は、CAD/CAM−システムを使用した前記壁パネル10の製造時に印刷されることで、該木軸組み20の位置に正確に対応する。よって、該指示線31に従って釘を打ち込むことで、前記壁パネル10の耐力面材11を木軸組み20に確実に釘打ちすることが可能である。 なお、該釘打位置指示手段は、指示線31に限らず、外部から垂木の位置を示すことが可能であれば、浅溝や色付けや点描等としてもよい。また該指示線31は、釘を打つ間隔に応じて途切れる鎖線とすることで、釘を打つ間隔を指示することも可能である。 In the wall panel 10, the outer surface of the heat insulating material 12 is provided with an instruction line 31 as a nailing position indicating means at a position corresponding to the wooden frame assembly 20 by the base 21, the column 22, the beam 23, or the spacer 24. (See FIG. 1A). That is, as shown in FIG. 2, in the wall panel 10, since the heat insulating material 12 is arranged outside the load bearing surface material 11, the wall panel 10 is arranged on the wooden shaft assembly 20. The position of the wooden frame assembly 20 by the base 21, the pillar 22, the beam 23, or the spacer 24 is not known from outside. The indication line 31 is for the operator to clearly recognize the nail driving position by indicating the position of the wooden timber assembly 20 in a state in which the heat insulating material 12 is arranged on the outside. is there. The indication line 31 is printed at the time of manufacturing the wall panel 10 using a CAD / CAM system, so that it accurately corresponds to the position of the wood frame assembly 20. Therefore, it is possible to reliably nail the load bearing surface material 11 of the wall panel 10 to the wooden frame assembly 20 by driving a nail in accordance with the instruction line 31. The nailing position instruction means is not limited to the instruction line 31 and may be shallow grooves, coloring, stippling, or the like as long as the position of the rafters can be indicated from the outside. The indicator line 31 may be a chain line that is interrupted according to the interval at which the nail is hit, so that the interval at which the nail is hit can be indicated.

ここで、図3に示すように、上記壁パネル10は木軸組み20に対して、家屋の外側から上記断熱材12を介して釘を打ち込んで固定されており、該釘には二重頭釘32が使用される。該二重頭釘32は、下側釘頭32aと、該下側釘頭32aの上部に更に上側釘頭32bとを有している。 上記したように該壁パネル10にあっては、前記耐力面材11よりも前記断熱材12が外側に配されるため、通常の一重頭釘を使用した場合、断熱材12を介して釘を打ち込むと、該釘が柱22や梁23へ打ち込まれていることを確認することができず、該釘が該断熱材12の内部で止まってしまう可能性がある。また通常の一重頭釘を使用した場合、該断熱材12を介して該釘が柱22や梁23へ打ち込まれていたとしても、上記のように該断熱材12の材料にはプラスチック発泡体が使用されていることから、前記耐力面材11を柱22や梁23に釘打ちすることに比べて固定力が弱い。 下側釘頭32aと上側釘頭32bを有する二重頭釘32を使用する場合、該上側釘頭32bは、壁パネル10を固定するためのものではなく、下側釘頭32aが前記耐力面材11の表面に達していることを示す指標とされる。つまり、二重頭釘32において下側釘頭32aから上側釘頭32bまでの長さを断熱材12の厚みに応じた長さとしておくことで、該上側釘頭32bが断熱材12の表面に達していることを確認すれば、下側釘頭32aは前記耐力面材11の表面に達しており、また柱22や梁23に釘が打ち込まれたことになる。 Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the wall panel 10 is fixed to the wooden frame assembly 20 by driving a nail from the outside of the house through the heat insulating material 12. 32 is used. The double head nail 32 has a lower nail head 32a and an upper nail head 32b on the lower nail head 32a. As described above, in the wall panel 10, since the heat insulating material 12 is arranged on the outer side than the load bearing surface material 11, when a normal single-headed nail is used, the nail is inserted through the heat insulating material 12. When driven in, it is not possible to confirm that the nail is driven into the pillar 22 or the beam 23, and the nail may stop inside the heat insulating material 12. Further, when a normal single-headed nail is used, even if the nail is driven into the pillar 22 or the beam 23 through the heat insulating material 12, the material of the heat insulating material 12 is made of a plastic foam as described above. Since it is used, the fixing force is weaker than nailing the load bearing face material 11 to the column 22 or the beam 23. When the double head nail 32 having the lower nail head 32a and the upper nail head 32b is used, the upper nail head 32b is not for fixing the wall panel 10, and the lower nail head 32a is used for the load bearing surface material. 11 is an index indicating that the surface has been reached. That is, by setting the length from the lower nail head 32 a to the upper nail head 32 b in the double head nail 32 to a length corresponding to the thickness of the heat insulating material 12, the upper nail head 32 b reaches the surface of the heat insulating material 12. If confirmed, the lower nail head 32a has reached the surface of the load bearing member 11, and the nail has been driven into the column 22 and the beam 23.

上記壁パネル10において、断熱材12の外面には、家屋上における該壁パネル10の配設位置を示す配置指示手段としての番号33が付されている。該番号33は、壁パネル10を木軸組み20上に敷設していく際に、取り付ける順番を示すことで、該壁パネル10の配設位置を表している。 つまり、木軸組み20上で壁パネル10の敷設を開始する始点は決められており、該始点から該番号33に従って壁パネル10を順に取り付けていくことで、自ずと壁パネル10を定められた位置に配設することが可能である。該番号33は、CAD/CAM−システムを使用した前記壁パネル10の製造時に印刷される。 なお、該配置指示手段は、番号33に限らず、壁パネル10の配設位置を示すことが可能であれば、アルファベットや図やシール等としてもよい。 In the wall panel 10, the outer surface of the heat insulating material 12 is provided with a number 33 as an arrangement instruction unit that indicates an arrangement position of the wall panel 10 on the house. The number 33 represents the arrangement position of the wall panel 10 by indicating the mounting order when the wall panel 10 is laid on the wooden shaft assembly 20. That is, the starting point for starting the laying of the wall panel 10 on the wooden frame assembly 20 is determined, and the wall panel 10 is attached in order according to the number 33 from the starting point, so that the wall panel 10 is naturally positioned. It is possible to arrange in. The number 33 is printed when the wall panel 10 is manufactured using a CAD / CAM-system. The arrangement instruction means is not limited to the number 33, and may be an alphabet, a figure, a seal, or the like as long as the arrangement position of the wall panel 10 can be indicated.

上記壁パネル10の敷設作業は、上記木軸組み20上の始点から前記番号33に従って該壁パネル10を配置するとともに、互いの断熱材12を接触させることによって、該壁パネル10の左右方向における位置合わせを行う。そして、上記二重頭釘32を使用し、該壁パネル10を上記木軸組み20に固定する。該木軸組み20に固定された該壁パネル10は、図3に示すように、左右方向で互いの断熱材12が接触し、隙間なく突き合わされていることから、該断熱材12による断熱層が連続したものとなる。 一方、該壁パネル10の前記耐力面材11においては、左右方向に隣接する壁パネル10相互の段差部13が合わさることで、耐力面材11同士の間に隙間13Aを形成する(図3参照)。該隙間13Aは、該耐力面材11によって作られる耐力壁としての性能を保つためのものとなる。すなわち、図4(a)に示すように、風や地震による揺れ等によって横方向から力Fが加わる場合、隙間13Aが設けてあることで、左右の耐力面材11による耐力壁は、余計な負荷が加わることなく力Fに耐え、その性能を好適に発揮する。図4(b)に示すように、通常の隙間13Aを設けずに左右方向の耐力面材11を接触させた耐力壁は、横方向から力Fが加わると、接触した耐力面材11同士の間に歪みによる負荷が発生し、耐力壁がその性能を十分に発揮出来ない。従って、該隙間13Aは、横方向から力Fが加わる場合に、耐力面材11同士の接触による負荷を逃がす機能を奏し、該耐力面材11によって作られる耐力壁としての性能を保つ。 The laying operation of the wall panel 10 is performed by arranging the wall panel 10 according to the number 33 from the starting point on the wooden frame assembly 20 and bringing the heat insulating materials 12 into contact with each other, thereby causing the wall panel 10 to move in the left-right direction. Perform alignment. Then, the wall panel 10 is fixed to the wooden shaft assembly 20 by using the double head nails 32. As shown in FIG. 3, the wall panels 10 fixed to the wooden shaft assembly 20 are in contact with each other in the left-right direction and are abutted with no gap therebetween. Are continuous. On the other hand, in the load-bearing face material 11 of the wall panel 10, a gap 13A is formed between the load-bearing face materials 11 by combining the step portions 13 between the wall panels 10 adjacent in the left-right direction (see FIG. 3). ). The gap 13A serves to maintain the performance as a load bearing wall made of the load bearing face material 11. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), when force F is applied from the lateral direction due to wind, earthquake, or the like, the gap 13A is provided, so that the load-bearing wall by the left and right load-bearing face members 11 is unnecessary. Withstands the force F without applying a load and exhibits its performance suitably. As shown in FIG. 4 (b), when the force F is applied from the lateral direction, the load bearing wall in which the load bearing surface 11 in the left-right direction is brought into contact without providing the normal gap 13A is formed between the load bearing surfaces 11 in contact with each other. A load due to strain occurs between them, and the bearing wall cannot fully demonstrate its performance. Therefore, when the force F is applied from the lateral direction, the gap 13A functions to release the load caused by the contact between the load bearing members 11 and maintains the performance as a load bearing wall made by the load bearing members 11.

本発明の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造及びその施工方法にあっては、簡易に施工することができるとともに、断熱性能を保持しつつ、耐力壁としての性能を好適に発揮することができるので、産業上利用可能である。 In the house wall structure and its construction method according to the external thermal insulation method of the present invention, it can be easily constructed, and the performance as a load bearing wall can be suitably exhibited while maintaining the thermal insulation performance. So it is industrially available.

10 壁パネル11 耐力面材12 断熱材13A 隙間22 柱23 梁31 指示線32 二重頭釘33 番号 10 Wall Panel 11 Bearing Surface Material 12 Heat Insulating Material 13A Gap 22 Column 23 Beam 31 Indicator Line 32 Double Head Nail 33 Number

Claims (6)

耐力面材の外面に断熱材を接合してなる複数の壁パネルを柱又は梁に釘で固定することで耐力壁として構成される外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造であって、 左右方向で他の壁パネルが隣接する壁パネルについては、隣接する壁パネル同士の間において、上記断熱材による断熱層を連続させるために該断熱材同士は隙間なく突き合わせつつも、耐力壁としての性能を保つために上記耐力面材同士の間は隙間を設けるべく、左右方向で上記断熱材の長さに比べ、上記耐力面材の長さが短く設定されて段差部が形成されていることを特徴とする外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造。 A wall structure of a house by an external insulation method constructed as a load-bearing wall by fixing a plurality of wall panels formed by joining heat-insulating materials to the outer surface of the load-bearing face material with a nail to a pillar or beam, About the wall panel which another wall panel adjoins, in order to make the heat insulation layer by the said heat insulating material continue between adjacent wall panels, although this heat insulating material abuts without gap, the performance as a load-bearing wall is maintained. Therefore, in order to provide a gap between the load-bearing face materials, the length of the load-bearing face material is set shorter than the length of the heat insulating material in the left-right direction, and a step portion is formed. The wall structure of the house by the external thermal insulation method. 上記壁パネルは家屋の外側から上記断熱材を介して上記釘を打ち込むことで上記耐力面材を上記柱又は上記梁に固定して使用されるものであり、 上記釘には、上記家屋の柱又は梁へ打ち込まれたことを上記断熱材の外側から確認するために二重頭釘が使用される請求項1に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造。 The wall panel is used by fixing the load-bearing surface material to the pillar or the beam by driving the nail through the heat insulating material from the outside of the house. Or the wall structure of the house by the external insulation heat insulation method of Claim 1 in which a double head nail is used in order to confirm having been driven into the beam from the outside of the said heat insulating material. 上記壁パネルには、上記釘の打ち込み位置を指示するべく、上記家屋の柱及び間柱のうち少なくとも一方と対応する位置に釘打指示手段が設けられている請求項1又は請求項2に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造。 3. The nail driving instruction means according to claim 1, wherein the wall panel is provided with nail driving instruction means at a position corresponding to at least one of the pillar and the stud of the house in order to indicate the driving position of the nail. The wall structure of the house by the external insulation method. 上記壁パネルには、家屋における該壁パネルの配設位置を示す配置指示手段が設けられている請求項1から請求項3のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造。 The wall structure of the house by the external thermal insulation construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wall panel is provided with an arrangement instructing unit that indicates an arrangement position of the wall panel in the house. . 上記壁パネルは、上記家屋の設計データに基づいたCAD/CAM−システムを使用し、家屋上における配設位置を定めたうえで製造されたものである請求項1から請求項4のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造。 5. The wall panel according to claim 1, wherein the wall panel is manufactured by using a CAD / CAM system based on the design data of the house and determining an arrangement position on the house. A wall structure of a house by the outer insulation method according to one item. 請求項1から請求項5のうち何れか一項に記載の外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の施工方法であって、 一の壁パネルを定められた配設位置に配した後、左右方向で該一の壁パネルの断熱材に他の壁パネルの断熱材を接触させて、壁パネルの左右方向における位置合わせを行うことを特徴とする外張断熱工法による家屋の壁構造の施工方法。 It is a construction method of the wall structure of the house by the external insulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein one wall panel is arranged at a predetermined arrangement position, and then left and right direction A method for constructing a wall structure of a house by an external thermal insulation method, wherein the heat insulation material of the other wall panel is brought into contact with the heat insulation material of the one wall panel and the wall panel is aligned in the left-right direction.
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