JP5734162B2 - Bearing mechanism - Google Patents

Bearing mechanism Download PDF

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JP5734162B2
JP5734162B2 JP2011242996A JP2011242996A JP5734162B2 JP 5734162 B2 JP5734162 B2 JP 5734162B2 JP 2011242996 A JP2011242996 A JP 2011242996A JP 2011242996 A JP2011242996 A JP 2011242996A JP 5734162 B2 JP5734162 B2 JP 5734162B2
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gear shaft
shaft
spherical
thrust force
fixing hole
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JP2013096563A (en
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庸三 久保
庸三 久保
義文 牟田
義文 牟田
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Mitsubishi Electric FA Industrial Products Corp
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Description

本発明は、動力伝達時に発生するスラスト力の支持に一般的に使われている軸受を使用せずに、簡素な支持機構とすることによって動力伝達機構の小型化を実現する軸受機構に関する。   The present invention relates to a bearing mechanism that achieves downsizing of a power transmission mechanism by using a simple support mechanism without using a bearing that is generally used to support a thrust force generated during power transmission.

動力伝達機構において、静粛性を実現するはすば歯車での伝達構造があるが、はすば歯車はその歯車が持つねじれ角によって歯車軸方向にスラスト力を発生させる。そのため一般的にスラスト力を支持する機構として玉軸受やころ軸受、又はすべり軸受が使用されるが、玉軸受は動力伝達軸の軸外周部に設置する機構部品であり、玉体積と玉保持用部品体積によって、動力伝達機構の中で要する占有体積は必然的に大きくなる。
ころ軸受は、ころ部分及びころ保持用部品体積が玉軸受に比べ小さいため占有体積を小さくするメリットがあるが、玉軸受と同様にころがり接触であるため潤滑油を供給する機構が必要となる。また、ころ軸受の内径と嵌合し回転軸の芯位置を定めるための軸が必要であり、軸径より定まる軸の疲労耐力によって伝達可能な動力が制限される。
また、すべり軸受は玉やころ等のころがり部品を必要としないため支持脚の負荷方向に対する小型化が可能となるが、すべり軸受と支持用の軸は面接触となるため摩擦損失による伝達効率の低下が必然的に在り、潤滑油の供給機構も必要となる。
In a power transmission mechanism, there is a transmission structure with a helical gear that realizes quietness, but a helical gear generates a thrust force in the gear shaft direction by a torsion angle of the gear. For this reason, ball bearings, roller bearings, or plain bearings are generally used as a mechanism for supporting the thrust force. However, ball bearings are mechanical parts installed on the outer periphery of the power transmission shaft. The occupied volume required in the power transmission mechanism inevitably increases depending on the component volume.
The roller bearing has a merit of reducing the occupied volume because the volume of the roller portion and the roller holding part is smaller than that of the ball bearing. However, since the roller bearing is in a rolling contact like the ball bearing, a mechanism for supplying lubricating oil is required. Further, a shaft for fitting the inner diameter of the roller bearing to determine the core position of the rotating shaft is required, and the power that can be transmitted is limited by the fatigue resistance of the shaft determined from the shaft diameter.
In addition, since the sliding bearing does not require rolling parts such as balls and rollers, it is possible to reduce the size of the supporting leg in the load direction.However, since the sliding bearing and the supporting shaft are in surface contact, the transmission efficiency due to friction loss is reduced. A reduction is inevitably required, and a lubricating oil supply mechanism is also required.

ころがり軸受の例として、特許文献1があり、この特許文献1において、動力伝達時のスラスト力を、動力伝達軸の歯車端面と前段入力歯車軸に設置したころがり軸受にて支持することによって、動力伝達軸の軸外周部に軸受を設置する必要がない機構が開示されている。   As an example of a rolling bearing, there is Patent Document 1, in which a thrust force during power transmission is supported by a rolling bearing installed on a gear end surface of a power transmission shaft and a front input gear shaft, thereby providing power. A mechanism is disclosed in which it is not necessary to install a bearing on the outer periphery of the transmission shaft.

また、スラスト力の伝達に鋼球を用いる例が特許文献2に示されている。この特許文献2には、ネジの先端部に在る凹部に鋼球を設置し、孔の設けられた固定用の押さえ板にて鋼球の位置を支持した状態にて平面状の部品に鋼球を押付けスラスト力を伝達する機構が開示されている。   Further, Patent Document 2 shows an example in which a steel ball is used for transmission of thrust force. In this Patent Document 2, a steel ball is installed in a concave portion at the tip of a screw, and a steel plate is formed on a planar part in a state where the position of the steel ball is supported by a fixing press plate provided with a hole. A mechanism for pressing a ball and transmitting a thrust force is disclosed.

特開2009−2438号公報JP 2009-2438 A 特開2009−14609号公報JP 2009-14609 A

特許文献1においては、動力伝達軸の軸外周部に軸受を設置する必要がない機構であるが、入力歯車軸の動力伝達軸に対するスラスト力負荷状態を均一化するためにスラスト力より大きなバネ力を有した皿バネを歯車軸端面に設置する与圧構造を設けており、結果としてコストの上昇を招く。また潤滑油の供給の必要性も残ったままである。   In Patent Document 1, although it is a mechanism that does not require a bearing to be installed on the outer peripheral portion of the power transmission shaft, a spring force larger than the thrust force is required in order to equalize the thrust force load state on the power transmission shaft of the input gear shaft. A pressurizing structure is provided in which a disc spring having a spring is installed on the end face of the gear shaft, resulting in an increase in cost. There also remains a need for lubricating oil supply.

また、特許文献2においては、ネジの回転量の調整によって所望の与圧を付加できるが、ネジの先端部の凹部と鋼球の接触状態が線接触となり、鋼球と平面状の部品との接触状態が点接触となるため、摩擦力が大きいネジの凹部と鋼球との接触が連れ回り状態となり、摩擦損失をしない状態で鋼球と平面状の部品間に動力を伝達するが、鋼球の軸方向の位置を固定するためのネジの締付力による与圧構造と、鋼球の半径方向の位置を固定するための孔が設けられた押さえ板が必要となり、結果として構成部品の増加によるコスト上昇を招いてしまうという問題がある。   In Patent Document 2, a desired pressure can be applied by adjusting the amount of rotation of the screw. However, the contact state between the concave portion of the tip of the screw and the steel ball is a line contact, and the steel ball and the planar part are in contact with each other. Since the contact state is point contact, the contact between the concave portion of the screw with a large frictional force and the steel ball becomes a rotating state, and power is transmitted between the steel ball and the planar part without friction loss. A pressurizing structure with a screw tightening force for fixing the axial position of the sphere and a pressing plate with holes for fixing the radial position of the steel ball are required. There is a problem that the cost increases due to the increase.

本発明は、歯車スラスト力を、スラスト力支持目的として保持器や軸内外面の軌道盤を必要とせず、また脱落防止を目的とした軸方向の位置固定用の部品及び、半径方向の位置固定用の部品を必要とせず、簡素な部品構成にて支持する機構を得ることを目的とする。   The present invention eliminates the need for a gear thrust force for the purpose of supporting the thrust force, and does not require a cage or a raceway on the inner and outer surfaces of the shaft. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a mechanism that supports a simple component structure without requiring a special component.

本発明に係る軸受機構は、はすば歯車が歯切りされた入力歯車軸、この入力歯車軸と噛合い動力を伝達する軸を構成するはすば歯車の歯車軸、この歯車軸の端面に入口径側を開放して設けられ前記歯車軸の加工用センタ穴と兼用される円錐形状の固定穴、この固定穴に設置された球状の支持部品、ケーシング内に設置され前記球状の支持部品を支えるスラスト力支持プレートを備え、前記歯車軸が正負方向どちらに移動した場合でも前記球状の支持部品の脱落が生じないよう前記歯車軸の端面に設けられた前記固定穴に設置された前記球状の支持部品を前記スラスト力支持プレートと前記歯車軸の端面との間に介在させ前記球状の支持部品と前記スラスト力支持プレートとが接触する単点で前記歯車軸における軸方向力を支持すようにしたことを特徴とするものである。The bearing mechanism according to the present invention includes an input gear shaft with a helical gear cut, a helical gear shaft that constitutes a shaft that meshes with the input gear shaft and transmits power, and an end face of the gear shaft. A conical fixing hole provided with an opening on the inlet diameter side, which is also used as a machining center hole of the gear shaft, a spherical support part installed in the fixing hole, and the spherical support part installed in a casing. A spherical thrust support plate provided in the fixing hole provided on the end surface of the gear shaft so that the spherical support component does not drop off when the gear shaft moves in either the positive or negative direction. A support component is interposed between the thrust force support plate and the end face of the gear shaft so as to support the axial force on the gear shaft at a single point where the spherical support component and the thrust force support plate contact each other. Octopus The one in which the features.

本発明によれば、はすば歯車が歯切りされた入力歯車軸と噛合い動力を伝達する軸を構成するはすば歯車の歯車軸の端面に入口径側を開放して設けられ前記歯車軸の加工用センタ穴と兼用される円錐形状の固定穴に設置された球状の支持部品を支えるケーシング内に設置されたスラスト力支持プレートを備え、前記歯車軸が正負方向どちらに移動した場合でも前記球状の支持部品の脱落が生じないよう前記歯車軸の端面に設けられた前記固定穴に設置された前記球状の支持部品を前記スラスト力支持プレートと前記歯車軸の端面との間に介在させ前記球状の支持部品と前記スラスト力支持プレートとが接触する単点で前記歯車軸における軸方向力を支持するようにしたので、球状の支持部品の軸方向位置を固定する部品又は与圧構造と、球状の支持部品の半径方向位置を固定する部品を不要としたコンパクトな構造とすることにより、動力伝達機構における占有体積を縮小できるとともに、円錐形状の固定穴に線接触する球状の支持部品とスラスト力支持プレートとの接触により軸方向力を単点で支持することができ、しかも、固定穴を設けるために別途加工工程を追加する必要が無く、必要コストの低減が可能となる。

According to the present invention, the helical gear is provided with an input radial side open on the end face of the helical gear shaft that constitutes the shaft that transmits the meshing power with the input gear shaft that has been chopped. A thrust force support plate installed in a casing that supports a spherical support component installed in a conical fixed hole that is also used as a shaft processing center hole is provided, regardless of whether the gear shaft moves in the positive or negative direction. The spherical support component installed in the fixing hole provided on the end surface of the gear shaft is interposed between the thrust force support plate and the end surface of the gear shaft so that the spherical support component does not fall off. Since the axial force on the gear shaft is supported at a single point where the spherical support component and the thrust force support plate are in contact with each other, a component or a pressurizing structure that fixes the axial position of the spherical support component; ,spherical By eliminating the need for components for fixing the radial position of the support element were a compact structure, it is possible to reduce the volume occupied in the power transmission mechanism, the support part and the thrust force supporting spherical line contact to the fixed holes of conical The axial force can be supported at a single point by contact with the plate, and it is not necessary to add a separate processing step to provide the fixing hole, and the required cost can be reduced.

本発明のスラスト力支持機構の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the thrust force support mechanism of this invention.

本発明の実施の形態を図1に基づき説明する。
図1は本発明の機構を示す断面図であり、はすば歯車が歯切りされた入力歯車軸1からの伝達動力をはすば歯車2及び歯車軸3、出力軸歯車4によって伝達する機構である。入力歯車軸1は入力軸軸受5により支持され、歯車軸3は歯車軸軸受6及び歯車軸ラジアル軸受7により支持される。また、出力軸8は出力軸軸受9により支持されている。ギヤケース10とブラケット11からなるケーシングに上記歯車類及び軸受類を収納する。スラスト力は歯車軸3の端面に設けた球固定穴12に設置した鋼球13とギヤケース10に固定したスラスト力支持プレート14のみで支持し、鋼球13の保持器や軌道盤等の固定用の部品は不要である。スラスト力支持プレート14は、外径面をケーシング内に固定され中実円筒形状となっている。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a mechanism of the present invention, in which a transmission power from an input gear shaft 1 with a helical gear cut is transmitted by a helical gear 2, a gear shaft 3, and an output shaft gear 4. It is. The input gear shaft 1 is supported by an input shaft bearing 5, and the gear shaft 3 is supported by a gear shaft bearing 6 and a gear shaft radial bearing 7. The output shaft 8 is supported by an output shaft bearing 9. The gears and bearings are housed in a casing made up of the gear case 10 and the bracket 11. The thrust force is supported only by a steel ball 13 installed in a ball fixing hole 12 provided on the end face of the gear shaft 3 and a thrust force support plate 14 fixed to the gear case 10, and is used for fixing a retainer or a washer of the steel ball 13. These parts are unnecessary. The thrust force support plate 14 has a solid cylindrical shape with an outer diameter surface fixed in the casing.

歯車軸3の回転時において、スラスト力支持プレート14の表面加工を研削加工を加えずに旋盤程度での加工とし、球固定穴12とスラスト力支持プレート14の表面粗さが同等の場合、球固定穴12と線接触する鋼球13の線接触する部分よりも、スラスト力支持プレート14と点接触する鋼球13の点接触部分の方が摩擦力が小さいことより、歯車軸3と鋼球13は一体の回転部品として考えることが可能であり、鋼球13とスラスト力支持プレート14が接触する単点で全ての軸方向力を支持する機構となる。   When the gear shaft 3 is rotated, the surface processing of the thrust force support plate 14 is performed with a lathe without adding grinding, and the ball fixing hole 12 and the thrust force support plate 14 have the same surface roughness. Since the frictional force is smaller in the point contact portion of the steel ball 13 in point contact with the thrust force support plate 14 than in the portion of the steel ball 13 in line contact with the fixing hole 12, the gear shaft 3 and the steel ball 13 can be considered as an integral rotating part, and is a mechanism that supports all axial forces at a single point where the steel ball 13 and the thrust force support plate 14 come into contact.

よって、球固定穴12と鋼球13との接触による摩擦接触は考慮する必要が無く、鋼球13とスラスト力支持プレート14の点接触部分の軸方向の支持耐力を考慮するのみで良い。具体的には鋼球13の直径と硬度から定まる引張り強さの40%を繰り返し支持耐力とし、スラスト力が繰り返し支持耐力以下となるようスラスト又は鋼球径を決定すると良い。なお、鋼球13とスラスト力支持プレート14は摩擦接触をしないため、潤滑油の供給は不要である。   Therefore, it is not necessary to consider the frictional contact caused by the contact between the ball fixing hole 12 and the steel ball 13, and it is only necessary to consider the axial support strength of the point contact portion between the steel ball 13 and the thrust force support plate 14. Specifically, 40% of the tensile strength determined from the diameter and hardness of the steel ball 13 is repeatedly used as the support strength, and the thrust or steel ball diameter may be determined so that the thrust force is repeatedly less than or equal to the support strength. In addition, since the steel ball 13 and the thrust force support plate 14 do not make frictional contact, it is not necessary to supply lubricating oil.

歯車軸3の軸端面には鋼球13を設置するための球固定穴12が設けられており、この球固定穴12は歯車軸3を製作する際に必要となる加工用センタ穴と兼用するため、球固定穴12を設けるために別途加工工程が追加になるわけではない。
この球固定穴12はセンタ工具と同形状の入口角度が30°の円錐形状とする。スラスト力の向きが変化するような用途において、歯車軸3とギヤケース10、ブラケット11間の軸方向の集積隙間によって鋼球13が固定穴12から脱落することが無いよう、歯車軸3とギヤケース10、ブラケット11間の集積隙間が0〜1.0mmの範囲となるように配慮する。すなわち、軸が正負方向どちらに移動した場合でも、脱落が生じないような形状とすることができる。
A ball fixing hole 12 for installing a steel ball 13 is provided on the shaft end surface of the gear shaft 3, and this ball fixing hole 12 is also used as a processing center hole required when the gear shaft 3 is manufactured. Therefore, a separate processing step is not added to provide the ball fixing hole 12.
The ball fixing hole 12 has a conical shape with the same angle as the center tool and an entrance angle of 30 °. In applications in which the direction of the thrust force changes, the gear shaft 3 and the gear case 10 are prevented from dropping out of the fixing hole 12 by the axial accumulation gap between the gear shaft 3 and the gear case 10 and the bracket 11. Consideration is made so that the accumulation gap between the brackets 11 is in the range of 0 to 1.0 mm. In other words, it can be shaped so that it does not drop off when the shaft moves in either the positive or negative direction.

具体的には、球固定穴12の入口径φは下式により求めると良い(単位:mm)。
φ>5.32×(1+(鋼球直径×0.125))−3.84
ただし、脱落防止のため鋼球直径は2mm以上であることが必要である。
上式によって球固定穴12の入口径を決定した場合、歯車軸3とギヤケース10及びブラケット11の集積隙間が0〜1.0mmにおいて、鋼球13の球固定穴12からの脱落は生じなくなり、与圧機構及び鋼球の脱落防止を目的とした部品も不要となる。
また、球固定穴12の入口径を上記式によって決定した場合、スラスト力支持プレート14の方向にスラスト力が作用する場合は、常に歯車軸3の軸中心上に鋼球13は存在するためスラスト支持プレート14と単点にて点接触となり、摩擦接触を生じないため動力損失のない伝達が可能となる。
上記説明では、球固定穴12に鋼球13を設置した例で説明しているが、鋼球に類した球状の支持部品であれば、同様の効果を得られる。
Specifically, the inlet diameter φ of the ball fixing hole 12 may be obtained by the following formula (unit: mm).
φ> 5.32 × (1+ (steel ball diameter × 0.125)) − 3.84
However, the steel ball diameter needs to be 2 mm or more in order to prevent dropping.
When the entrance diameter of the ball fixing hole 12 is determined by the above formula, the steel ball 13 does not fall out of the ball fixing hole 12 when the accumulation gap between the gear shaft 3 and the gear case 10 and the bracket 11 is 0 to 1.0 mm. Parts for the purpose of preventing the pressurization mechanism and the steel ball from falling off are also unnecessary.
Further, when the inlet diameter of the ball fixing hole 12 is determined by the above formula, when the thrust force acts in the direction of the thrust force support plate 14, the steel ball 13 always exists on the center of the gear shaft 3. Point contact is made at a single point with the support plate 14, and frictional contact does not occur, so transmission without power loss is possible.
In the above description, an example in which the steel ball 13 is installed in the ball fixing hole 12 is described.

なお、本発明は、その発明の範囲内において、実施の形態を適宜、変形、省略することが可能である。   In the present invention, the embodiments can be appropriately modified and omitted within the scope of the invention.

1 入力歯車軸、 2 歯車、 3 歯車軸、 4 出力側歯車、 5 入力軸軸受、 6 歯車軸軸受、 7 歯車軸ラジアル軸受、 8 出力軸、 9 出力軸軸受、10 ギヤケース、 11 ブラケット、 12 球固定穴、 13 鋼球、 14 スラスト力支持プレート。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input gear shaft, 2 Gears, 3 Gear shaft, 4 Output side gear, 5 Input shaft bearing, 6 Gear shaft bearing, 7 Gear shaft radial bearing, 8 Output shaft, 9 Output shaft bearing, 10 Gear case, 11 Bracket, 12 ball Fixing hole, 13 steel ball, 14 thrust force support plate.

Claims (3)

はすば歯車が歯切りされた入力歯車軸、この入力歯車軸と噛合い動力を伝達する軸を構成するはすば歯車の歯車軸、この歯車軸の端面に入口径側を開放して設けられ前記歯車軸の加工用センタ穴と兼用される円錐形状の固定穴、この固定穴に設置された球状の支持部品、ケーシング内に設置され前記球状の支持部品を支えるスラスト力支持プレートを備え、前記歯車軸が正負方向どちらに移動した場合でも前記球状の支持部品脱落が生じないよう前記歯車軸の端面に設けられた前記固定穴に設置された前記球状の支持部品を前記スラスト力支持プレートと前記歯車軸の端面との間に介在させ前記球状の支持部品と前記スラスト力支持プレートとが接触する単点で前記歯車軸における軸方向力を支持するようにしたことを特徴とする軸受機構。 An input gear shaft in which a helical gear is cut off, a helical gear gear shaft that constitutes a shaft that transmits meshing power with the input gear shaft, and an inlet radial side is provided at the end face of the gear shaft. A conical fixing hole that is also used as a machining center hole of the gear shaft, a spherical support part installed in the fixing hole, and a thrust force support plate that is installed in a casing and supports the spherical support part, said gear shaft wherein said thrust supporting plate support parts of the spherical installed in fixing holes provided in the end face of that falling off does not occur in the supporting parts of the spherical even when the gear shaft is moved in the positive or negative direction bearing mechanism, characterized in that it has to support the axial forces in the gear shaft in the single point where the supporting part of the spherical is interposed and the thrust force supporting plate is in contact between the end face of the gear shaft and 動力を伝達する前記軸と前記ケーシング間の集積隙間が0〜1.0mmで、前記球状の支持部品の直径は2mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項記載の軸受機構。 An integrated gap 0~1.0mm between the shaft and the casing for transmitting power, the bearing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the support part of the spherical is 2mm or more. 前記固定穴の入口径φ(単位:mm)は下式により求めることを特徴とする請求項2記載の軸受機構。The bearing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein an inlet diameter φ (unit: mm) of the fixing hole is obtained by the following equation.
φ>5.32×(1+(前記球状の支持部品の直径×0.125))−3.84    φ> 5.32 × (1+ (diameter of the spherical support component × 0.125)) − 3.84
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