JP5704337B2 - Vehicle current interrupting device - Google Patents

Vehicle current interrupting device Download PDF

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JP5704337B2
JP5704337B2 JP2011147761A JP2011147761A JP5704337B2 JP 5704337 B2 JP5704337 B2 JP 5704337B2 JP 2011147761 A JP2011147761 A JP 2011147761A JP 2011147761 A JP2011147761 A JP 2011147761A JP 5704337 B2 JP5704337 B2 JP 5704337B2
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JP2013014203A (en
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照敏 尾藤
照敏 尾藤
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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Description

本発明は車両の電流遮断装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a current interrupt device for a vehicle.

近年、複数のバッテリーを備えたバッテリーユニットからの電力によってモータを駆動して走行する電気自動車やハイブリッド車等の電動車両が、低公害性などの点から注目されている。このような電動車両の電気回路では、通常、ケーブルの発煙特性を考慮して電流遮断を行うことが知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。特許文献1では、電線に流れる電流と発煙に至るまでの時間との関係からケーブルの発煙特性を得て、このケーブルの発煙特性に至らないように電気回路の電流遮断特性を決定している。具体的には、図4に示すように、発煙に至るまでの時間と電流との関係(即ち発煙特性)を示す分布図において、この発煙特性を常に下回るように電流遮断特性が設定されている。そして、特許文献1では、この電流遮断特性よりも電線に流れる電流が大きくなると、電流を遮断してケーブルを保護している。   In recent years, an electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle that travels by driving a motor with electric power from a battery unit including a plurality of batteries has attracted attention in terms of low pollution. In an electric circuit of such an electric vehicle, it is generally known that current interruption is performed in consideration of the smoke generation characteristic of the cable (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In patent document 1, the smoke generation characteristic of a cable is obtained from the relationship between the current flowing through the electric wire and the time until smoke generation, and the current interruption characteristic of the electric circuit is determined so as not to reach the smoke generation characteristic of the cable. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, in the distribution diagram showing the relationship between the time until smoke generation and the current (that is, the smoke generation characteristics), the current interruption characteristics are set so as to be always below the smoke generation characteristics. . And in patent document 1, when the electric current which flows into an electric wire becomes larger than this electric current interruption characteristic, an electric current will be interrupted | blocked and the cable will be protected.

特開平9−240392号公報(図3参照)Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-240392 (see FIG. 3)

ところで、電動車両に用いられるバッテリーユニットは近年大容量化が進んでおり、これに伴って走行可能距離も伸びている。この場合に、走行可能距離はこの電流遮断特性に基づいて設定されるので、単にケーブルの発煙特性に至らないように電気回路の電流遮断特性を決定すると、バッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴って延長された走行可能距離が短くなってしまう。他方で、発煙特性に近接して電流遮断特性を設定するとすれば、延長された走行可能距離が短くはなりにくいが、発煙してしまう可能性がある。   Incidentally, the capacity of battery units used in electric vehicles has been increasing in recent years, and accordingly the travelable distance has increased. In this case, since the travelable distance is set based on this current interruption characteristic, if the current interruption characteristic of the electric circuit is determined so as not to reach the smoke generation characteristic of the cable, it will be extended as the capacity of the battery unit increases. The travelable distance is shortened. On the other hand, if the current interruption characteristic is set close to the smoke generation characteristic, the extended travelable distance is unlikely to be shortened, but there is a possibility of smoke generation.

また、走行可能距離が延長されると、ケーブルが発煙するよりも前にバッテリーユニットに設けられたヒューズが溶断されてしまうことも考えられる。   Further, if the travelable distance is extended, it is conceivable that the fuse provided in the battery unit is blown before the cable smokes.

そこで、本発明の課題は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決することにあり、ケーブルを保護することができ、かつバッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能距離を阻害しない車両の電流遮断装置を提供しようとするものである。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and it is possible to protect a cable, and to prevent the vehicle current from being hindered by the travelable distance extended with the increase in capacity of the battery unit. An attempt is made to provide a shut-off device.

バッテリーと該バッテリーに接続される電線と該電線に介装されたヒューズと該電線に流れる電流を遮断するコンタクタとを備えた車両の電流遮断装置であって、前記バッテリーから前記電線に出力される電流値を表す第1軸前記電線に電流が流れる時間を表す第2軸で形成され、前記ヒューズによって前記電線が保護されるヒューズ保護領域とそれ以外の領域であるヒューズ非保護領域とを区分するとともに前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記ヒューズが溶断する電流値を示すヒューズ溶断特性と、前記電線が溶融して発煙する電線溶融領域とそれ以外の領域である電線非溶融領域とを区分けするとともに前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記電線が発煙する電流値を示す前記電線の発煙特性と、前記バッテリーから出力される電流が前記電線に流れる時間に対して前記バッテリーから出力される限界電流値を示す出力限界特性と、を表した分布図を備え、前記分布図は、前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線と前記発煙特性を示す曲線との交点である第1交点と、前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線と前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点であり、前記第1交点より前記第2軸の増加する領域に配置される前記第2交点と、前記発煙特性を示す曲線と前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点であり、前記第2交点よりも前記第2軸の増加する領域に配置される第3交点と、を有し、前記第1交点より前記第2軸が増加する領域においては前記発煙特性を示す曲線が前記前記第1交点より前記第2軸が増加する領域においては前記発煙特性を示す曲線が前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線より前記第1軸方向に減少する領域に存在し、前記コンタクタを遮断する前記電流値と前記時間とからなるコンタクタ遮断条件を、前記第1交点より前記第2軸が増加する領域において前記ヒューズ保護領域と前記電線非溶融領域とが重複し前記発煙特性を示す曲線より前記第1軸方向に減少する領域に前記電流値と前記時間とが存在して前記コンタクタを遮断するように設定し、該コンタクタ遮断条件に基づいてコンタクタの遮断を行うことを特徴とする。このようにコンタクタ遮断条件を設定することで、ケーブルを保護することができ、かつバッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能距離を阻害しない。 A current interrupting device for a vehicle comprising a battery, an electric wire connected to the battery, a fuse interposed in the electric wire, and a contactor for interrupting an electric current flowing through the electric wire, and output from the battery to the electric wire it is formed by the second axis representing the first axis and the time in which current flows through the wires representative of the current value, a fuse non-protected area is fuse protected area and other areas where the electric wire is protected by the fuse and blown fuse characteristics showing a current value that the fuse for the time that current flows in the wire while partitioning is blown, the wire melting region and the wire unmelted area is the other area where the wire is smoke by melting is output and smoke properties of the wire showing the current value the wire is smoke with respect to time a current flows in the electric wire from the battery as well as divided the door An output limit characteristic indicating a limit current value output from the battery with respect to a time during which a current flowing through the electric wire flows, and the distribution chart includes a curve indicating the fuse blowing characteristic and the smoke generation A first intersection that is an intersection with a curve indicating characteristics, an intersection between a curve that indicates the fuse blowing characteristic and a curve that indicates the output limit characteristic, and is disposed in a region where the second axis increases from the first intersection. The second intersection point, the intersection point of the curve showing the smoke generation characteristic and the curve showing the output limit characteristic, and a third intersection point arranged in a region where the second axis increases from the second intersection point; And a curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic in a region where the second axis increases from the first intersection point is a curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic in a region where the second axis increases from the first intersection point. Fuse blowing special Present in a region to be reduced to the first axis direction than the curve showing, the current value and contactor blocking conditions comprising the said time for cutting off the contactor, in a region where the second shaft from the first intersection point is increased The fuse protection region and the wire non-melting region overlap and are set so that the current value and the time are present in a region where the current value and the time are present in a region that decreases in the first axis direction from the curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic. The contactor is cut off based on the contactor cut-off condition. By setting the contactor blocking condition in this way, the cable can be protected and the travelable distance extended with the increase in capacity of the battery unit is not hindered.

本発明の好ましい実施形態としては、前記コンタクタ遮断条件の前記時間は、前記電線に流れる電流値が減少するにつれて段階的に増加することが挙げられる。   As preferable embodiment of this invention, it is mentioned that the said time of the said contactor interruption | blocking conditions increases in steps as the electric current value which flows into the said electric wire reduces.

前記分布図は、前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記コンタクタ遮断条件である前記コンタクタを遮断させる電流値を示す電流遮断特性を備え、前記第1交点を通る前記第1軸に平行な直線と前記第2交点を通る前記第2軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点である第4交点、前記第2交点を通る前記第1軸に平行な直線と前記第3交点を通る前記第2軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点である第5交点、前記第4交点と第5交点とを結んだ直線と、前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線との交点である第6交点、及び、前記第4交点と第5交点とを結んだ直線と、前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点である第7交点があり、前記電流遮断特性が、該第6交点と該第7交点とを結ぶ交点を含み、かつ、その値が該第6交点と該第7交点とを結ぶ直線を下回るように設定されており、該分布図の該電流遮断特性に基づいて前記コンタクタの遮断を行うことが好ましい。このようにコンタクタを遮断する電流遮断特性を設定し、これに基づいてコンタクタの遮断を行うことで、ケーブルをより確実に保護することができ、かつバッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能距離をより阻害しない。
The distribution diagram is provided with a current cut-off characteristic that indicates the current value to cut off the contactor is before Symbol contactor blocking condition to the time the current flows in the wire, to the first axis passing through the pre-Symbol first intersection wherein through the fourth intersection is an intersection of intersection between a straight line parallel to the second axis, the third intersection and a straight line parallel to the first axis passing through the second intersection through a straight line parallel to the second intersection point fifth intersection is a straight line parallel to and intersects the intersection with the second axis, said fourth intersecting point and the a line connecting the fifth intersection, sixth intersection is an intersection between the curve indicating the fuse Blown characteristics, And there is a seventh intersection which is an intersection of a straight line connecting the fourth intersection and the fifth intersection and a curve indicating the output limit characteristic, and the current cutoff characteristic is the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection. And a line whose value connects the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection. Is set to turn, it is preferable to carry out the interruption of the contactor based on the current cutoff characteristic of the distribution diagram. By setting the current interruption characteristics to cut off the contactor in this way, and cutting off the contactor based on this, it is possible to protect the cable more reliably and to extend the travel with the increase in capacity of the battery unit Does not obstruct the possible distance more.

本発明の好ましい実施形態としては、前記電流遮断特性が、前記第6交点と前記第7交点とを多段の直線で結んでなることが挙げられる。   As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is mentioned that the current interruption characteristic is formed by connecting the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection with a multi-stage straight line.

本実施形態にかかる車両のブロック図。The block diagram of the vehicle concerning this embodiment. 本実施形態にかかる各特性及び電流遮断特性を示すグラフ。The graph which shows each characteristic concerning this embodiment, and an electric current interruption characteristic. 図2の一部拡大図。FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2. 従来の電流遮断特性を説明するためのグラフ。The graph for demonstrating the conventional electric current interruption characteristic.

本発明の車両の電流遮断装置について、図1を用いて説明する。   The vehicle current interrupting device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

車両1には、車両1を駆動する駆動用のバッテリーユニット(バッテリー)2が設けられている。バッテリーユニット2は、電線であるケーブル3を介してインバータ4に接続されている。本発明の車両の電力供給装置は、バッテリーユニット2とケーブル3とを有する。インバータ4は、三相線5を介してモータ6に接続されている。これによりバッテリーユニット2によりモータ6に電力が供給される。   The vehicle 1 is provided with a driving battery unit (battery) 2 for driving the vehicle 1. The battery unit 2 is connected to the inverter 4 via a cable 3 that is an electric wire. The vehicle power supply device of the present invention includes a battery unit 2 and a cable 3. The inverter 4 is connected to the motor 6 via the three-phase wire 5. Thereby, electric power is supplied to the motor 6 by the battery unit 2.

バッテリーユニット2は、複数のバッテリーセル21を有する。バッテリーセル21は、直列に接続されて電池列を形成している。この電池列の電流の上流側及び下流側には、コンタクタ22が設けられている。また、バッテリーユニット2には、バッテリーセル21の間にヒューズ23が設けられている。   The battery unit 2 has a plurality of battery cells 21. The battery cells 21 are connected in series to form a battery string. Contactors 22 are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the current in the battery array. Further, the battery unit 2 is provided with a fuse 23 between the battery cells 21.

また、車両1には、ECU10が設けられている。ECU10は、車両の統合制御を行うコントロールユニットである。ECU10は複数の制御装置を具備しており、本発明にかかる車両の電流遮断装置11もECU10に具備されている。本発明における車両の配線保護システムは、この車両の電流遮断装置11及びヒューズ23を有する。   The vehicle 1 is provided with an ECU 10. The ECU 10 is a control unit that performs integrated control of the vehicle. The ECU 10 includes a plurality of control devices, and the ECU 10 also includes a vehicle current interrupt device 11 according to the present invention. The vehicle wiring protection system according to the present invention includes the vehicle current interrupt device 11 and the fuse 23.

本実施形態にかかる車両の電流遮断装置11について説明する。電流遮断装置11は、ECU10に設けられている。電流遮断装置11は、バッテリーユニット2に設けられた電流センサー25で検出された出力電流の値が後述する電流遮断制御領域にあれば、バッテリーユニットから出力電流を出力した時間(以下、出力時間ともいう)と、出力電流の値とから、ECU10に記録された図2に示す分布図(詳しくは後述する)に基づいて、出力時間との関係で出力電流値が電流遮断特性を越えるかどうかを判断する判断部12を備える。電流遮断特性を越える場合とは、出力電流を遮断しないとケーブルが発煙する可能性が高い場合である。電流遮断制御領域とは、ケーブルが発煙する可能性が高く、出力電流の遮断制御を行う可能性がある出力電流領域をいう。判断部12は出力電流値が電流遮断特性を越えると判断すれば、電流遮断装置11は、コンタクタ22を遮断する。これにより、駆動用バッテリーユニットからの電流出力が停止され、ケーブルの発煙が生じることを回避する。   A vehicle current interrupt device 11 according to the present embodiment will be described. The current interrupt device 11 is provided in the ECU 10. If the value of the output current detected by the current sensor 25 provided in the battery unit 2 is in a current cutoff control region to be described later, the current cutoff device 11 outputs the output current from the battery unit (hereinafter referred to as the output time). And the value of the output current, based on the distribution diagram shown in FIG. 2 recorded in the ECU 10 (details will be described later), whether or not the output current value exceeds the current interruption characteristic in relation to the output time. A determination unit 12 for determining is provided. The case where the current interruption characteristic is exceeded is a case where the cable is likely to emit smoke unless the output current is interrupted. The current interruption control region is an output current region in which the cable is likely to emit smoke and the output current interruption control may be performed. If the determination unit 12 determines that the output current value exceeds the current interruption characteristic, the current interruption device 11 interrupts the contactor 22. As a result, the current output from the driving battery unit is stopped, and the generation of cable smoke is avoided.

このように本実施形態では、電流遮断特性を越える場合には電流出力が停止されることで、ケーブルの発煙が防止されて安全な走行を行うことができる。かつ、この電流遮断特性は、以下説明するように、バッテリーが高負荷状態となってもケーブルの発煙を生じることのなく、かつ、バッテリーの出力を最大限生かすことができるように設定されているものであるから、本実施形態の電流遮断装置を備えた車両では、バッテリーの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能距離を短くすることがなく安全な走行を確保することができる。   As described above, in the present embodiment, when the current interruption characteristic is exceeded, the current output is stopped, so that the cable can be prevented from being smoked and safe traveling can be performed. In addition, as will be described below, this current interruption characteristic is set so as not to generate cable smoke even when the battery is in a high load state and to maximize the output of the battery. Therefore, in the vehicle provided with the current interrupting device of the present embodiment, safe traveling can be ensured without shortening the travelable distance extended with the increase in battery capacity.

電流遮断特性について、図2を用いて説明する。   The current interruption characteristics will be described with reference to FIG.

図2に示す分布図は、X軸が車両が走行するためにバッテリーユニットが出力した出力時間を示し、Y軸が出力電流を示す。図2中斜線部で示した領域は、通常走行領域S1である。ECUが正常に機能している際には、出力時間における出力電流がこの通常走行領域S1内に含まれるように車両の走行をECUが制御している。   In the distribution diagram shown in FIG. 2, the X axis indicates the output time output by the battery unit because the vehicle travels, and the Y axis indicates the output current. A region indicated by hatching in FIG. 2 is a normal traveling region S1. When the ECU is functioning normally, the ECU controls the travel of the vehicle so that the output current during the output time is included in the normal travel region S1.

例えば、電流値がV1である場合、ECUに故障が生じていなければ、通常走行領域S1を満たすように車両は走行するので、所定時間t=t1となるまでは出力電流はV1のまま車両は走行できるが、時間t=t1からt=t2へと変化するまでは、出力電流の値がV1からV2まで徐々に出力電流が低下するようにECUが制御する。そして、時間t=t2となると出力電流値がV2となり、その後は時間t=t3まで出力電流値がV2のまま電流の出力を続けるようにECUは制御する。なお、後述する出力限界特性により、通常走行領域S1はt=t3からt=t4まではバッテリーユニットの出力限界に沿うように構成されている。   For example, when the current value is V1 and the ECU has not failed, the vehicle travels so as to satisfy the normal travel region S1, so that the output current remains V1 until the predetermined time t = t1. Although the vehicle can travel, until the time t = t1 changes to t = t2, the ECU controls the output current so that the output current gradually decreases from V1 to V2. Then, when the time t = t2, the ECU controls the output current value to be V2, and thereafter the output current value is kept at V2 until the time t = t3. Note that, due to the output limit characteristics described later, the normal travel region S1 is configured to follow the output limit of the battery unit from t = t3 to t = t4.

また、図2には、ケーブルの発煙を防止するためのヒューズの溶断が生じる溶断特性が曲線Aで示されている。即ち、溶断特性とは、出力時間に対してヒューズの溶断が始まる出力電流の値を示すものである。なお、このヒューズの溶断特性の図2中内側(各値が小さい側)は電線がヒューズにより保護されるヒューズ保護領域であり、外側はそれ以外の領域、即ちヒューズ非保護領域である。   Further, in FIG. 2, a curve A indicates a fusing characteristic in which a fuse for fusing to prevent cable smoking is generated. That is, the fusing characteristic indicates the value of the output current at which the fuse starts fusing with respect to the output time. Note that the inner side (the side where each value is smaller) of the fusing characteristics of the fuse in FIG. 2 is a fuse protection region where the electric wire is protected by the fuse, and the outer side is the other region, that is, the fuse non-protection region.

また、バッテリーユニットから一定の出力電流を出力しながら通常走行領域を越えて長時間走行すると、バッテリーユニットの負荷が高くなり、ケーブルが発煙する可能性がある。このケーブルの発煙が生じる発煙特性が、図2中曲線Bで示されている。即ち、発煙特性とは、出力時間に対してケーブルからの発煙が始まる出力電流の値を示すものである。なお、この発煙特性の図2中外側(各値が大きい側)は電線が溶融する電線溶融領域であり、内側はそれ以外の領域、即ち電線非溶融領域である。   Further, when the vehicle unit travels for a long time beyond the normal travel region while outputting a constant output current from the battery unit, the load on the battery unit increases and the cable may emit smoke. The smoke generation characteristic that causes the cable to smoke is shown by curve B in FIG. That is, the smoke generation characteristic indicates a value of an output current at which smoke from the cable starts with respect to the output time. In addition, the outer side (the side where each value is large) of the smoke generation characteristic in FIG. 2 is an electric wire melting region where the electric wire is melted, and the inner side is an other region, that is, an electric wire non-melting region.

さらにまた、バッテリーユニットの初期容量に応じたバッテリーユニットの出力限界を示す出力限界特性が、図2中曲線Cで示されている。各特性は、出力時間が経過すると共に徐々に出力電流が低下する。   Furthermore, the output limit characteristic indicating the output limit of the battery unit according to the initial capacity of the battery unit is indicated by a curve C in FIG. In each characteristic, the output current gradually decreases as the output time elapses.

これらの3つの特性を示す曲線を全て下回るように通常走行領域S1は設定されている。これは、例えば通常走行中にヒューズが溶断したり、ケーブルの発煙が生じたりすれば安全な走行を確保することができないからである。このように、本実施形態では、車両はECUが正常に動作している限り、所定の範囲内、即ち通常走行領域を越えずに動作するように構成されている。   The normal travel region S1 is set so as to be below all the curves indicating these three characteristics. This is because, for example, if the fuse is blown or the cable smokes during normal travel, safe travel cannot be ensured. Thus, in this embodiment, as long as the ECU is operating normally, the vehicle is configured to operate within a predetermined range, that is, without exceeding the normal travel region.

ここで、曲線Aで示すヒューズの溶断特性は、出力時間が長くなるにつれて徐々に出力電流値が低くなり、ケーブルの発煙特性を下回る。通常、ヒューズの溶断特性はケーブル保護のためケーブルの発煙特性を下回るように設けられているが、バッテリーユニットの大容量化により、上述のようにヒューズの溶断特性をケーブルの発煙特性が下回ってしまうことが生じるようになった。この場合であっても、正常走行をしている場合には、通常走行領域S1を越えないので問題はない。   Here, the fusing characteristic of the fuse indicated by the curve A gradually decreases as the output time increases, and is lower than the smoke generation characteristic of the cable. Normally, the fuse's fusing characteristics are set to be lower than the cable's smoke generation characteristics to protect the cable. However, as the battery unit's capacity increases, the fuse's fuming characteristics fall below the fuse's fusing characteristics as described above. It came to happen. Even in this case, there is no problem when the vehicle is running normally because the vehicle does not exceed the normal running area S1.

しかしながら、例えばECUの一部であるインバータ制御部に不具合が生じた場合には、ECUによる電流の制御ができない場合があり、この場合に通常走行領域S1を越えて出力することが考えられる。このような場合には、ヒューズの溶断特性がケーブルの発煙特性を下回る領域においてはヒューズによりケーブルが保護されるが、ケーブルの発煙特性がヒューズの溶断特性を下回る領域においてはヒューズが溶断する前にケーブルの発煙が生じてしまい、ケーブルを保護することができない。   However, for example, when a problem occurs in the inverter control unit that is a part of the ECU, the ECU may not be able to control the current, and in this case, it may be possible to output beyond the normal travel region S1. In such a case, the cable is protected by the fuse in the region where the fusing characteristic of the fuse is lower than the fuming characteristic of the cable, but before the fuse is blown in the area where the fuming characteristic of the cable is lower than the fusing characteristic of the fuse. Cable smoke will be generated and the cable cannot be protected.

このため、このバッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴うケーブルの発煙を防止するためには、ケーブルの線径を太くしたり、耐熱グレードを上げる等によりケーブルの発煙特性を高めることが考えられるが、ケーブル材料の選定によるコスト増や重量増などの問題がある。   For this reason, in order to prevent cable smoking due to the increased capacity of this battery unit, it is conceivable to increase the cable smoking characteristics by increasing the cable diameter or increasing the heat resistance grade. There are problems such as cost increase and weight increase due to selection of materials.

そこで本実施形態では、電流遮断装置が、出力電流が出力時間との関係で発煙特性近傍に位置する場合、即ち、出力電流が電流遮断領域にある場合には、出力電流が出力時間との関係において電流遮断特性を越えるかどうかを判断し、この電流遮断特性を越える場合にはコンタクタを遮断することで、電力供給を停止してケーブルの発煙を防止している。   Therefore, in this embodiment, when the current interrupting device is located near the smoke generation characteristic in relation to the output time, that is, when the output current is in the current interrupting region, the relationship between the output current and the output time. In this case, it is determined whether or not the current interrupting characteristic is exceeded. If this current interrupting characteristic is exceeded, the contactor is interrupted to stop the power supply and prevent the cable from smoking.

このような電流遮断特性及び電流遮断制御領域の決定方法について図3を用いて説明する。   A method for determining such a current interruption characteristic and a current interruption control region will be described with reference to FIG.

初めに、ヒューズの溶断特性を示す曲線Aとケーブルの発煙特性を示す曲線Bとの交点を第1交点P1とする。また、ヒューズの溶断特性を示す曲線Aとバッテリーユニットの出力限界特性を示す曲線Cとの交点を第2交点P2とし、ケーブルの発煙特性を示す曲線Bとバッテリーユニットの出力限界特性を示す曲線Cとの交点を第3交点P3とする。   First, the intersection point of the curve A indicating the fusing characteristic of the fuse and the curve B indicating the smoke generation characteristic of the cable is defined as a first intersection point P1. In addition, the intersection point of the curve A indicating the fusing characteristic of the fuse and the curve C indicating the output limit characteristic of the battery unit is defined as a second intersection point P2, and the curve B indicating the smoke generation characteristic of the cable and the curve C indicating the output limit characteristic of the battery unit. The intersection point with is a third intersection point P3.

そして、第1交点P1を含むY軸に平行な直線と第2交点P2を含むX軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点を第4交点P4とし、第2交点P2を含むY軸に平行な直線と第3交点P3を含むX軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点を第5交点P5とする。これらの第4交点P4と第5交点P5とを結んだ直線と、ヒューズの溶断特性を示す曲線Aとの交点を第6交点P6とし、第4交点P4と第5交点P5とを結んだ直線と、出力特性を示す曲線Cとの交点を第7交点P7とする。   A cross point where a straight line parallel to the Y axis including the first cross point P1 and a straight line parallel to the X axis including the second cross point P2 intersect is defined as a fourth cross point P4, and a straight line parallel to the Y axis including the second cross point P2 And the intersection of the straight line parallel to the X-axis including the third intersection P3 is defined as a fifth intersection P5. A straight line connecting the fourth intersection P4 and the fifth intersection P5 and an intersection of the curve A indicating the fusing characteristics of the fuse is defined as a sixth intersection P6, and a straight line connecting the fourth intersection P4 and the fifth intersection P5. And the intersection point with the curve C indicating the output characteristic is defined as a seventh intersection point P7.

そして、電流遮断特性は、第6交点P6と第4交点P4とが、第6交点P6を含むY軸に平行な直線と第4交点P4を含むX軸に平行な直線が交わる点を介して直線で結ばれてなる。また、電流遮断特性は、第4交点P4と第5交点P5とが、第4交点P4を含むY軸に平行な直線と第5交点P5を含むX軸に平行な直線とが交わる点を介して直線で結ばれてなる。また、電流遮断特性は、第5交点P5と第7交点P7とが、第5交点P5を含むY軸に平行な直線と第7交点P7を含むX軸に平行な直線とが交わる点を介して直線で結ばれてなる。このように、電流遮断特性は、階段状に折線で第4交点P4〜第7交点P7を結んで設定される。このように電流遮断特性が、第4交点P4〜第7交点P7を結んで設定されるのに伴って、電流遮断領域は、第7交点P7に対応する出力電流値(Vs)から第6交点P6に対応する出力電流値(Ve)までの値に設定される。   The current interruption characteristic is that the sixth intersection point P6 and the fourth intersection point P4 pass through a point where a straight line parallel to the Y axis including the sixth intersection point P6 and a straight line parallel to the X axis including the fourth intersection point P4 intersect. Connected with straight lines. In addition, the current interruption characteristic is such that the fourth intersection point P4 and the fifth intersection point P5 pass through a point where a straight line parallel to the Y axis including the fourth intersection point P4 and a straight line parallel to the X axis including the fifth intersection point P5 intersect. And connected by a straight line. In addition, the current interruption characteristic is such that the fifth intersection point P5 and the seventh intersection point P7 intersect with a straight line parallel to the Y axis including the fifth intersection point P5 and a straight line parallel to the X axis including the seventh intersection point P7. And connected by a straight line. In this way, the current interruption characteristic is set by connecting the fourth intersection P4 to the seventh intersection P7 with a stepped broken line. As the current interruption characteristic is set by connecting the fourth intersection point P4 to the seventh intersection point P7, the current interruption region is changed from the output current value (Vs) corresponding to the seventh intersection point P7 to the sixth intersection point. It is set to a value up to the output current value (Ve) corresponding to P6.

本実施形態では、予めこのように各交点から設定された電流遮断特性が規定された分布図がECUに記録されており、電流遮断装置はこのような分布図を用いて制御を行っているのである。   In the present embodiment, a distribution diagram in which the current interruption characteristics set in advance from each intersection is defined in advance is recorded in the ECU, and the current interruption device performs control using such a distribution diagram. is there.

このように各交点を直線で結んで電流遮断特性が設定されることで、以下のような効果がある。   In this way, by connecting the intersections with straight lines and setting the current interruption characteristics, the following effects are obtained.

本実施形態では、電流遮断特性をケーブルの発煙特性をわずかに下回るように簡易に決めている。仮にケーブルの発煙特性と重複してしまうと、ケーブルを保護できず、他方で、ケーブルの発煙特性よりも例えば図4に示すように一律に電流遮断特性が小さくなるように設定するとすれば、電流遮断特性を本実施形態よりも出力時間において出力電流が小さくなるように設定しなければならない。そうすると、安全を確保するために通常走行可能領域を本実施形態よりも小さくする必要があり、バッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能距離が制限されてしまうことになる。   In the present embodiment, the current interruption characteristic is simply determined so as to be slightly lower than the smoke generation characteristic of the cable. If it overlaps with the smoke generation characteristics of the cable, the cable cannot be protected. On the other hand, if the current cutoff characteristics are set to be uniformly smaller than the cable smoke generation characteristics, for example, as shown in FIG. The cutoff characteristic must be set so that the output current is smaller in the output time than in this embodiment. Then, in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to make the normal travelable area smaller than that in the present embodiment, and the travelable distance extended with the increase in capacity of the battery unit is limited.

この場合に、本実施形態では、第1交点〜第3交点から第4交点及び第5交点を求めることで、発煙特性に重複することがなく、かつ、発煙特性に近接した直線Lを得ることができる。このような発煙特性、溶断特性、出力限界特性に基づいて規定された直線Lを下回るように電流遮断特性を設定することで、電流遮断特性を最も大きくなるように設定することができる。通常走行領域S1は、この電流遮断特性に基づいて設定される領域であるので、このように電流遮断特性を大きく設定することができることで、通常走行領域S1も大きく設定することができ、これにより、バッテリーユニットの大容量化に伴い延長された走行可能領域を制限しない。   In this case, in this embodiment, by obtaining the fourth intersection and the fifth intersection from the first to third intersections, the straight line L that does not overlap with the smoke generation characteristics and is close to the smoke generation characteristics is obtained. Can do. By setting the current interruption characteristic so that it falls below the straight line L defined based on the smoke generation characteristic, fusing characteristic, and output limit characteristic, the current interruption characteristic can be set to be the largest. Since the normal travel region S1 is a region that is set based on this current interruption characteristic, the normal travel region S1 can also be set large by setting the current interruption characteristic large in this way. In addition, there is no restriction on the travelable area extended with the increase in capacity of the battery unit.

即ち、本実施形態では、発煙領域の上限値(第1交点)及び発煙領域の下限値(第3交点)を設定することで発煙する領域(第1交点及び第3交点よりも内側)を明確にしている。このように明確にすることで、ケーブルの過剰な保護を抑制できる。そして、これらの領域に接しないが、走行可能距離を不要に制限しないために、これらの各交点から第6交点及び第7交点を算出して、電流遮断特性を得ている。この場合に、第1交点及び第3交点から一律に値を小さく設定せずに、各交点を用いて第6交点及び第7交点を算出して電流遮断特性を得ることで、どのようなケーブル等を用いても柔軟に走行可能距離を不要に制限しないで特性を得ることができる。   In other words, in the present embodiment, by setting the upper limit value (first intersection point) of the smoke generation region and the lower limit value (third intersection point) of the smoke generation region, the smoke generation region (inside the first intersection point and the third intersection point) is clearly defined. I have to. By clarifying in this way, excessive protection of the cable can be suppressed. And although it does not contact these areas, in order not to limit the travelable distance unnecessarily, the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection are calculated from these intersections to obtain the current interruption characteristics. In this case, without setting the value uniformly smaller from the first intersection and the third intersection, by calculating the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection using each intersection and obtaining the current interruption characteristic, any cable Etc., characteristics can be obtained without restricting the travelable distance unnecessarily.

ここで、さらに電流遮断特性を階段状とすることで、簡易に設定できると共に、かつ、曲線で各交点を結ぶ場合よりもECU容量を必要としないので、好ましい。   Here, it is preferable that the current interrupting characteristics are further stepped, which can be set easily and requires less ECU capacity than the case where the intersections are connected by a curve.

本実施形態では、このように電流遮断特性を設定し電流を遮断制御することができるのでケーブルの保護を適切に行うことができ、その結果、大容量化されたバッテリーを用いる場合であってもケーブルの線径を上げることもなく、かつ、ケーブルの耐熱グレードを下げることができる。これにより、重量の低下やコストの低下を実現することができる。   In the present embodiment, the current interruption characteristics can be set and the current interruption can be controlled as described above, so that the cable can be protected appropriately. As a result, even when a battery with a large capacity is used. It is possible to reduce the cable heat resistance grade without increasing the cable diameter. Thereby, a reduction in weight and a reduction in cost can be realized.

図1に戻り、図2を用いて車両の電流遮断装置11について再度説明すると、判断部12は、バッテリーユニット2に設けられた電流センサー25で検出された出力電流の値が電流遮断領域、即ちVs〜Veの範囲にあれば、ECU10に記録された図2に示す分布図に基づいて、出力時間と出力電流の値とから、出力電流値が電流遮断特性を越えるかどうかを判断する。判断部12は出力電流値が電流遮断特性を越えると判断すれば、電流遮断装置11は、コンタクタ22を遮断する。これにより、駆動用バッテリーユニットからの電流出力が停止され、ケーブル3の発煙が生じることを回避する。他方で、電流センサー25で検出された出力電流の値が電流遮断領域にない場合には、ヒューズ23が溶断することで、ケーブル3の発煙が生じることが防止され、ケーブル3が保護される。   Returning to FIG. 1, the current interrupting device 11 of the vehicle will be described again using FIG. 2. The determination unit 12 determines that the value of the output current detected by the current sensor 25 provided in the battery unit 2 is the current interrupting region, If it is in the range of Vs to Ve, it is determined from the output time and the value of the output current based on the distribution diagram shown in FIG. If the determination unit 12 determines that the output current value exceeds the current interruption characteristic, the current interruption device 11 interrupts the contactor 22. Thereby, the current output from the drive battery unit is stopped, and the occurrence of smoke generation of the cable 3 is avoided. On the other hand, when the value of the output current detected by the current sensor 25 is not in the current interruption region, the fuse 23 is blown to prevent the cable 3 from being smoked and the cable 3 is protected.

このように、車両1は通常走行領域外の走行をしたとしても、ヒューズ23の溶断特性がケーブル3の発煙特性を下回る領域、即ちヒューズ保護領域(図2参照)では、ケーブルの発煙が防止され、安全な走行が確保される。さらに、車両1が本実施形態の電流遮断装置11を有することで、車両が電流遮断装置11を有することで、車両1はバッテリーユニット2の大容量化に伴う走行可能距離を短くすることなく、通常走行領域を広く設定することが可能である。   As described above, even if the vehicle 1 travels outside the normal travel region, in the region where the fusing characteristic of the fuse 23 is lower than the smoke generation property of the cable 3, that is, in the fuse protection region (see FIG. 2), cable smoke is prevented. Safe driving is ensured. Furthermore, since the vehicle 1 has the current interrupt device 11 of the present embodiment, the vehicle 1 has the current interrupt device 11, so that the vehicle 1 does not shorten the travelable distance associated with the increase in capacity of the battery unit 2, It is possible to set a wide range of normal travel.

本発明の実施形態は、上述したものに限定されない。本発明では電動車両の例として電気自動車を示したが、これに限定されずハイブリッド車でもよい。   Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those described above. In the present invention, an electric vehicle is shown as an example of an electric vehicle. However, the present invention is not limited to this and may be a hybrid vehicle.

本発明の実施形態では、第6交点P6と第7交点P7とを階段状となるように第4交点P4、第5交点P5を介して接続したが、これに限定されない。例えば、第6交点P6と第7交点P7とを直線、もしくは発煙特性を下回る曲線で接続してもよい。ただし、本実施形態に示すように階段状となるように第4交点P4、第5交点P5を介して接続するほうがECUにかかる負荷が小さいので好ましい。   In the embodiment of the present invention, the sixth intersection point P6 and the seventh intersection point P7 are connected via the fourth intersection point P4 and the fifth intersection point P5 so as to be stepped, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the sixth intersection P6 and the seventh intersection P7 may be connected by a straight line or a curve lower than the smoke generation characteristic. However, it is preferable to connect via the fourth intersection P4 and the fifth intersection P5 so as to be stepped as shown in the present embodiment because the load on the ECU is small.

また、第6交点P6と第7交点P7とを階段状となるように第4交点P4、第5交点P5を介して接続したが、第4交点P4、第5交点P5を介さずに階段状に接続してもよい。この場合であっても、ECUにかかる負荷が小さいので好ましい。   In addition, the sixth intersection point P6 and the seventh intersection point P7 are connected via the fourth intersection point P4 and the fifth intersection point P5 so as to be stepped, but the stepped shape does not pass through the fourth intersection point P4 and the fifth intersection point P5. You may connect to. Even in this case, the load on the ECU is small, which is preferable.

本実施形態では、バッテリーユニット2とインバータ4とを接続するケーブルの発煙特性について述べたが、これに限定されない。バッテリーユニットとバッテリーユニットから電力供給をうける機器を接続する配線であればよい。   In this embodiment, although the smoke generation characteristic of the cable which connects the battery unit 2 and the inverter 4 was described, it is not limited to this. Any wiring that connects a battery unit and a device that receives power from the battery unit may be used.

本実施形態では、上述した分布図を用いてコンタクタを遮断するように構成したが、これに限定されない。少なくとも、ケーブルに流れる電流の出力電流値と電線に電流が流れる出力時間とから、ヒューズ溶断特性の値と、発煙特性の値とを算出し、どちらの値よりも出力電流値と出力時間とが小さくなるように、即ち、ヒューズ保護領域と電線非溶融領域とが重複する領域にあるようにコンタクタ遮断条件を設定するように構成してもよい。このように、少なくともヒューズ溶断特性の値と、発煙特性の値よりも電流値及び時間が小さくなるようにすることで、車両として本当に発煙する領域のみを保護して、車両の性能を低下させずにケーブルを保護することができる。また、この算出までを予め行い、この算出された値に基づいて電流の出力電流値と電線に電流が流れる出力時間とがヒューズ保護領域と電線非溶融領域とが重複する領域にあるようにコンタクタの遮断を行ってもよい。   In the present embodiment, the contactor is cut off using the above-described distribution map, but the present invention is not limited to this. At least, calculate the fuse blowing characteristic value and the smoke generation characteristic value from the output current value of the current flowing through the cable and the output time during which the current flows through the electric wire, and the output current value and the output time are greater than either value. You may comprise so that a contactor interruption | blocking condition may be set so that it may become small, ie, it may exist in the area | region which a fuse protection area | region and an electric wire non-melting area | region overlap. In this way, at least the value of the fuse blowing characteristic and the current value and time are smaller than the value of the smoke generation characteristic, so that only the area that really emits smoke as a vehicle is protected and the performance of the vehicle is not degraded. Can protect the cable. Further, the calculation is performed in advance, and based on the calculated value, the contactor is configured so that the output current value of the current and the output time during which the current flows through the wire are in the region where the fuse protection region and the wire non-melting region overlap. May be shut off.

1 車両
2 バッテリーユニット
3 ケーブル
4 インバータ
5 三相線
6 モータ
11 電流遮断装置
12 判断部
21 バッテリーセル
22 コンタクタ
23 ヒューズ
25 電流センサー
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle 2 Battery unit 3 Cable 4 Inverter 5 Three-phase wire 6 Motor 11 Current interruption device 12 Judgment part 21 Battery cell 22 Contactor 23 Fuse 25 Current sensor

Claims (4)

バッテリーと該バッテリーに接続される電線と該電線に介装されたヒューズと該電線に流れる電流を遮断するコンタクタとを備えた車両の電流遮断装置であって、前記バッテリーから前記電線に出力される電流値を表す第1軸前記電線に電流が流れる時間を表す第2軸で形成され
前記ヒューズによって前記電線が保護されるヒューズ保護領域とそれ以外の領域であるヒューズ非保護領域とを区分するとともに前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記ヒューズが溶断する電流値を示すヒューズ溶断特性と、前記電線が溶融して発煙する電線溶融領域とそれ以外の領域である電線非溶融領域とを区分けするとともに前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記電線が発煙する電流値を示す前記電線の発煙特性と、前記バッテリーから出力される電流が前記電線に流れる時間に対して前記バッテリーから出力される限界電流値を示す出力限界特性と、を表した分布図を備え、
前記分布図は、
前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線と前記発煙特性を示す曲線との交点である第1交点と、
前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線と前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点であり、前記第1交点より前記第2軸の増加する領域に配置される前記第2交点と、
前記発煙特性を示す曲線と前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点であり、前記第2交点よりも前記第2軸の増加する領域に配置される第3交点と、
を有し、
前記第1交点より前記第2軸が増加する領域においては前記発煙特性を示す曲線が前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線より前記第1軸方向に減少する領域に存在し、
前記コンタクタを遮断する前記電流値と前記時間とからなるコンタクタ遮断条件を、前記第1交点より前記第2軸が増加する領域において前記ヒューズ保護領域と前記電線非溶融領域とが重複し前記発煙特性を示す曲線より前記第1軸方向に減少する領域に前記電流値と前記時間とが存在して前記コンタクタを遮断するように設定し、該コンタクタ遮断条件に基づいてコンタクタの遮断を行うことを特徴とする車両の電流遮断装置。
A current interrupting device for a vehicle comprising a battery, an electric wire connected to the battery, a fuse interposed in the electric wire, and a contactor for interrupting an electric current flowing through the electric wire, and output from the battery to the electric wire is formed by the second axis representing time in which the first axis indicating a current value flowing current to said wire,
A fuse fusing feature that distinguishes between a fuse protection region where the electric wire is protected by the fuse and a fuse non-protection region which is the other region and indicates a current value at which the fuse blows with respect to the time during which the electric current flows through the electric wire. And the electric wire melting region where the electric wire melts and emits smoke and the electric wire non-melting region which is the other region, and the current value at which the electric wire emits smoke with respect to the time when the electric current flows through the electric wire A distribution diagram representing the smoke generation characteristic of the electric wire and the output limit characteristic indicating the limit current value output from the battery with respect to the time when the current output from the battery flows through the electric wire,
The distribution map is
A first intersection that is an intersection of a curve indicating the fuse blowing characteristic and a curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic;
The second intersection point, which is an intersection of a curve indicating the fuse blowing characteristic and a curve indicating the output limit characteristic, and is disposed in a region where the second axis increases from the first intersection point,
A third intersection point, which is an intersection of the curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic and the curve indicating the output limit characteristic, and is disposed in a region where the second axis increases from the second intersection point;
Have
In the region where the second axis increases from the first intersection point, the curve indicating the smoke generation characteristic exists in a region decreasing in the first axis direction from the curve indicating the fuse blowing characteristic,
In the contactor shut-off condition comprising the current value for shutting off the contactor and the time, in the region where the second axis increases from the first intersection, the fuse protection region and the wire non-melting region overlap, and the smoke generation characteristics The current value and the time are present in a region that decreases in the first axis direction from the curve indicating the above , and the contactor is set to be cut off, and the contactor is cut off based on the contactor cut-off condition. A current interrupting device for a vehicle.
前記コンタクタ遮断条件の前記時間は、前記電線に流れる電流値が減少するにつれて段階的に増加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両の電流遮断装置。   2. The vehicle current interrupting device according to claim 1, wherein the time of the contactor interrupting condition increases stepwise as a value of a current flowing through the electric wire decreases. 前記分布図は、
前記電線に電流が流れる時間に対して前記コンタクタ遮断条件である前記コンタクタを遮断させる電流値を示す電流遮断特性を備え
記第1交点を通る前記第1軸に平行な直線と前記第2交点を通る前記第2軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点である第4交点、
前記第2交点を通る前記第1軸に平行な直線と前記第3交点を通る前記第2軸に平行な直線とが交わる交点である第5交点、
前記第4交点と第5交点とを結んだ直線と、前記ヒューズ溶断特性を示す曲線との交点である第6交点、
及び、前記第4交点と第5交点とを結んだ直線と、前記出力限界特性を示す曲線との交点である第7交点があり、
前記電流遮断特性が、該第6交点と該第7交点とを結ぶ交点を含み、かつ、その値が該第6交点と該第7交点とを結ぶ直線を下回るように設定されており、
該分布図の該電流遮断特性に基づいて前記コンタクタの遮断を行うことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の車両の電流遮断装置。
The distribution map is
A current blocking characteristics showing a current value to cut off the contactor is before Symbol contactor blocking condition to the time the current flows to the electric wire,
Before SL fourth intersection is an intersection of intersection between a straight line parallel to the second axis passing through the second intersection with a straight line parallel to the first axis passing through the first intersection,
A fifth intersection that is an intersection of a straight line parallel to the first axis passing through the second intersection and a straight line parallel to the second axis passing through the third intersection;
It said fourth intersecting point and the straight line connecting the fifth intersection, sixth intersection is an intersection between the curve indicating the fuse Blown characteristics,
And there is a seventh intersection that is an intersection of the straight line connecting the fourth intersection and the fifth intersection and the curve indicating the output limit characteristic,
The current interruption characteristic includes an intersection connecting the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection, and the value is set to be lower than a straight line connecting the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection;
3. The vehicle current interrupting device according to claim 1, wherein the contactor is interrupted based on the current interrupting characteristic of the distribution map.
前記電流遮断特性が、前記第6交点と前記第7交点とを多段の直線で結んでなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の車両の電流遮断装置。   4. The current interrupting device for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the current interrupting characteristic is formed by connecting the sixth intersection and the seventh intersection with a multistage straight line.
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