JP5684723B2 - 液化方法及び液化装置 - Google Patents
液化方法及び液化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5684723B2 JP5684723B2 JP2011543838A JP2011543838A JP5684723B2 JP 5684723 B2 JP5684723 B2 JP 5684723B2 JP 2011543838 A JP2011543838 A JP 2011543838A JP 2011543838 A JP2011543838 A JP 2011543838A JP 5684723 B2 JP5684723 B2 JP 5684723B2
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- heat exchanger
- gaseous refrigerant
- expander
- refrigerant stream
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 253
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- ILEDWLMCKZNDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N esculetin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(O)C(O)=C2 ILEDWLMCKZNDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001145 hydrido group Chemical group *[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/32—Compression of the product stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
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Description
#1.次のステップを含む、閉ループ冷却装置を用いた液化方法:
(a)少なくとも1つの圧縮機で、ガス状冷媒流れを圧縮するステップ;
(b)第一の熱交換器で、圧縮したガス状冷媒流れを冷却するステップ;
(c)第一の膨張機で、第一の熱交換器からの、圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れの少なくとも第一の部分を膨張させて、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れを得るステップ;
(d)第二の熱交換器で、第一の膨張機からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れの少なくとも第一の部分と、間接的に熱交換することによって、供給ガス流れを冷却し、そして実質的に液化して、実質的に液化した供給ガス流れを形成するステップ、
ここで、第一の膨張機を出た第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れは、実質的に気相である。
(a)(1)低圧圧縮機で、ガス状冷媒流れを圧縮するステップ;
(a)(2)高圧圧縮機で、ガス状冷媒流れをさらに圧縮するステップ。
(a)低圧圧縮機で、ガス状冷媒流れを圧縮するステップ;
(b)高圧圧縮機で、ガス状冷媒流れをさらに圧縮するステップ;
(c)第一の熱交換器で、圧縮したガス状冷媒流れを冷却するステップ;
(d)第一の熱交換器からの圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れの少なくとも第一の部分を、第一の膨張機で膨張させて、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れを与えるステップであって、第一の膨張機からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れが、第二の熱交換器及び第一の熱交換器に冷却を与えるステップ;
(e)第二の熱交換器及び第一の熱交換器で、第一の膨張機からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れとの間接的な熱交換によって、供給ガス流れを冷却し、そして実質的に液化するステップ;
(f)過冷却化交換器で、第二の膨張機を出た第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れと間接的に熱交換することによって、冷却し、実質的に液化した供給ガス流れを、過冷却するステップであって、第一の膨張機を出た第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ、及び第二の膨張機を出た第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れが、実質的に気相であり、且つ第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れの圧力が、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れの圧力より低いステップ。
第一の熱交換器;
第一の熱交換器と流通している、第二の熱交換器;
第一の熱交換器と流通し、且つ第一の熱交換器からの冷媒の流れを受けるように構成されている、第一の膨張機;
第二の熱交換器と流通し、且つ第二の熱交換器からの冷媒の流れを受けるように構成されている、第二の膨張機;
第一の膨張機と流通し、且つ第一の膨張機からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れと供給ガス流れとを受けるように構成されている、第三の熱交換器、
ここで、第一の膨張機からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ、及び第二の膨張機からの第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れが、実質的に気相の流れである。
(b)第一の熱交換器及び低圧冷媒圧縮機と流通し、且つ第一の熱交換器及び低圧冷媒圧縮機からの冷媒流れを受けるように構成されている高圧冷媒圧縮機
をさらに具備する、#26に記載の装置。
本発明の態様としては、次のとおりである:
〈1〉
次のステップを含む、閉ループ冷却装置を用いた液化方法:
(a)少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)で、ガス状冷媒流れ(144)を圧縮するステップ;
(b)第一の熱交換器(114)で、圧縮した前記ガス状冷媒流れ(144)の少なくとも一部を冷却するステップ;
(c)第一の膨張機(136)で、前記第一の熱交換器(114)からの、前記圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れの少なくとも第一の部分(150)を膨張させて、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)を与えるステップ;
(d)第二の熱交換器(110)で、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れの少なくとも第一の部分(154)と間接的に熱交換することによって、供給ガス流れ(100)を冷却し、そして実質的に液化して、実質的に液化した供給ガス流れ(102)を形成するステップ、
ここで、前記第一の膨張機(136)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)は、実質的に気相である。
〈2〉
サブクール化交換器(112)で、第二の膨張機(138)を出た第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)と間接的に熱交換することによって、前記冷却し、そして実質的に液化した供給ガス流れ(102)を、サブクール化するステップをさらに含む、〈1〉に記載の方法。
〈3〉
前記第二の膨張機(138)を出た前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)が、実質的に気相である、〈2〉に記載の方法。
〈4〉
前記サブクール化交換器(112)を出た前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(174)を、低圧圧縮機(130)で圧縮し;前記第二の熱交換器を出た少なくとも前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れと混合し;そして高圧圧縮機(132)で、前記混合した流れ(144)を、さらに圧縮する、〈3〉に記載の方法。
〈5〉
前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れを、前記第一の熱交換器(114)からの前記圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れの第二の部分(168)から得る、〈2〉〜〈4〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈6〉
前記冷却したガス状冷媒流れ(148)の前記第二の部分(168)を、第三の熱交換器(116)で、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の少なくとも第二の部分(160)と間接的に熱交換することによって、さらに冷却し、そして、前記第二の膨張機(138)に供給して、前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)を与える、〈5〉に記載の方法。
〈7〉
前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れを、前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れの部分(570)から得る、〈2〉〜〈4〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈8〉
前記部分(570)を、サブクール化交換器(112)を出た実質的に液化した供給ガス流れから分離された、圧縮した気相との熱交換(116)によって、前記膨張(138)の前に、温める、〈7〉に記載の方法。
〈9〉
さらに、前記第二の熱交換器(110)の中間の位置から、それを流下している前記ガス状冷媒流れの部分(154)を抜き出すステップ、及び前記第一の熱交換器(116)で、前記抜き出した部分(154)を加熱するステップを含む、〈1〉〜〈8〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈10〉
液化用の前記供給ガス流れが、天然ガスの流れである、〈1〉〜〈9〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈11〉
前記ガス状冷媒流れが、窒素流れである、〈1〉〜〈10〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈12〉
前記第一の膨張機(136)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の第二の部分を、第三の熱交換器(136)及び前記第一の熱交換器(114)で暖めて、温めたガス状冷媒流れを形成するステップ、及び前記温めたガス状冷媒流れ(168)と、前記第二の熱交換器(110)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(158)とを混合するステップを含む、〈1〉〜〈11〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈13〉
前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)を出た前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)を、第一の部分(247)と、第二部分(246)とに分けるステップ;気化している液体冷媒の少なくとも1つの段を含む追加の冷却装置(220)で、前記第一の部分(247)を冷却するステップ;〈1〉のステップ(b)において、前記第一の熱交換器(114)で、前記第二の部分を冷却するステップ;及び〈1〉のステップ(c)において、前記第一の膨張機(136)で膨張させるために、前記冷却した第一の部分(249)と、前記冷却した第二の部分(248)の少なくとも一部(250)とを混合するステップをさらに含む、〈1〉〜〈12〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈14〉
前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)を出た前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)を、第一の部分(447)及び第二の部分(446)に分けるステップ;第三の膨張機(434)で、前記第一の部分(447)を膨張させるステップ;前記第一の熱交換器(214)で、結果として得られる膨張させた第一の部分(449)を温めて、そして結果として得られる膨張させ、暖めた第一の部分(166)と、前記第二の熱交換器(110)を出た前記ガス状冷媒流れ(158)とを混合するステップ;及び〈1〉のステップ(b)において、第一の熱交換器(114)で、前記第二の部分(446)を冷却するステップをさらに含む〈1〉〜〈12〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
〈15〉
次のステップを含む、〈3〉に記載の方法:
(a)低圧圧縮機(130)で、ガス状冷媒流れ(140)を圧縮するステップ;
(b)高圧圧縮機(132)で、前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(142)をさらに圧縮するステップ;
(c)第一の熱交換器(914)で、前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)を冷却するステップ;
(d)第一の膨張機(136)で、前記第一の熱交換器(914)からの前記圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れ(148)の少なくとも第一の部分(150)を膨張させて、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)を与えるステップであって、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)が、第二の熱交換器(916)及び前記第一の熱交換器(914)に冷却を与えるステップ;
(e)前記第二の熱交換器(916)及び前記第一の熱交換器(914)で、供給ガス流れ(100)を、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)と間接的に熱交換することによって、冷却し、そして実質的に液化するステップ;及び
(f)サブクール化交換器(112)で、冷却し、そして実質的に液化した供給ガス流れ(102)を、第二の膨張機(138)を出た第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)と間接的に熱交換することによって、サブクール化するステップ、
ここで、前記第一の膨張機(136)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)、及び前記第二の膨張機(138)を出た前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)は、実質的に気相であり、且つ前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)の圧力は、前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の圧力より低い。
〈16〉
冷却回路を含む、〈2〉に記載の方法によって冷却するための閉ループ装置であって、前記冷却回路が、次を具備する閉ループ装置:
第一の熱交換器(114);
前記第一の熱交換器(114)と流通している、第二の熱交換器(116);
前記第一の熱交換器(114)と流通し、且つ前記第一の熱交換器(114)からの冷媒の流れ(150)を受けるように構成されている、第一の膨張機(136);
前記第二の熱交換器(116)と流通し、且つ前記第二の熱交換器(116)からの冷媒の流れ(170)を受けるように構成されている、第二の膨張機(138);
前記第一の膨張機(136)と流通し、且つ前記第一の膨張機(136)からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(154)と供給ガス流れ(110)とを受けるように構成されている、第三の熱交換器(110);及び
前記第三の熱交換器(110)及び前記第二の膨張機(138)と流通し、且つ前記第三の熱交換器(110)からの前記供給ガス流れ(102)を受けるように構成されている、サブクール化交換器(112)。
〈17〉
〈3〉〜〈14〉のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって液化するための閉ループ装置に適合されている、〈16〉に記載の装置。
〈18〉
少なくとも2つの膨張機を有する、閉ループ気相膨張サイクルを用いたガス状供給物の液化方法であって、前記第二の膨張機の排出圧力が、前記第一の膨張機の排出圧力よりも低く、且つ前記第一の膨張機が、前記ガス状供給物を液化するのに必要な冷却の少なくとも一部を与える、冷却方法。
Claims (13)
- 次のステップを含む、等エントロピーのガス状冷媒を用いる閉ループ冷却装置を用いた液化方法:
(a)少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)で、ガス状冷媒流れ(144)を圧縮するステップ;
(b)第一の熱交換器(114)で、前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)の少なくとも一部を冷却するステップ;
(c)第一の膨張機(136)で、前記第一の熱交換器(114)からの、前記圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れ(148)の少なくとも第一の部分(150)を膨張させて、第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)を与えるステップ;
(d)第二の熱交換器(110)で、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の少なくとも第一の部分(154)と熱交換することによって、供給ガス流れ(100)を冷却し、そして実質的に液化して、実質的に液化した流れ(102)を形成するステップ;及び
(e)前記第二の熱交換器(110)の中間の位置から、前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の前記少なくとも第一の部分(154)の一部(156)を抜き出して、前記第二の熱交換機(110)の予冷部分を調節するステップ、
ここで、前記第一の膨張機(136)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)は、実質的に気相である。 - 過冷却化交換器(112)及び第二の膨張機(138)をさらに用いる請求項1に記載の方法であって、
前記過冷却化交換器(112)で、前記第二の膨張機(138)を出た第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)と熱交換することによって、前記冷却し、そして実質的に液化した流れ(102)を、過冷却するステップであって、
前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)を、前記第一の熱交換器(114)からの前記圧縮し、冷却したガス状冷媒流れ(148)の第二の部分(168)から得るか、又は
前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)を、前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の部分(570)から得る、ステップ
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第二の膨張機(138)を出た前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)が、実質的に気相である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記過冷却化交換器(112)を出た前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(174)を、第二の圧縮機(130)で圧縮し;前記第二の熱交換器(110)を出た少なくとも前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(158)と混合し;そして前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)で、前記混合した流れ(144)を、さらに圧縮する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記冷却したガス状冷媒流れ(148)の前記第二の部分(168)を、第三の熱交換器(116)で、前記第一の膨張機(136)からの前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の少なくとも第二の部分(160)と熱交換することによって、さらに冷却し、そして、前記第二の膨張機(138)に供給して、前記第二の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(172)を与える、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第二の熱交換器(110)の中間の位置から抜き出した前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の前記少なくとも第一の部分(154)の前記一部(156)を、前記第一の熱交換器(114)で加熱するステップを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 液化用の前記供給ガス流れが、天然ガスの流れである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス状冷媒流れが、窒素流れである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の膨張機(136)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(152)の第二の部分(160)を、第三の熱交換器(116)及び前記第一の熱交換器(114)で温めて、温めたガス状冷媒流れ(166)を形成するステップ、及び前記温めたガス状冷媒流れ(166)と、前記第二の熱交換器(110)を出た前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(158)とを混合するステップを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)を出た前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)を、第一の部分(247)と、第二部分(246)とに分けるステップ;追加の冷却装置(220)で、前記第一の部分(247)を冷却するステップ;請求項1のステップ(b)において、前記第一の熱交換器(214)で、前記第二の部分を冷却するステップ;及び請求項1のステップ(c)において、前記第一の膨張機(136)で膨張させるために、前記冷却した第一の部分(249)と、前記冷却した第二の部分(248)の少なくとも一部(250)とを混合するステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 以下のステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法:
前記少なくとも1つの圧縮機(132)を出た前記圧縮したガス状冷媒流れ(146)を、第一の部分(447)及び第二の部分(446)に分けるステップ;
第三の膨張機(434)で、前記第一の部分(447)を膨張させるステップ;及び
前記第一の熱交換器(214)で、膨張させた第一の部分(449)を温めて、そして膨張させ、温めた第一の部分(166)と、前記第二の熱交換器(110)を出た前記ガス状冷媒流れ(158)とを混合するステップ、
ここで、前記第二の部分(446)は、請求項1のステップ(b)において、冷却される。 - 冷却回路を含む、請求項2に記載の方法によって冷却するための閉ループ装置であって、前記冷却回路が、次を具備する閉ループ装置:
第一の熱交換器(114);
前記第一の熱交換器(114)と流通している、第三の熱交換器(116);
前記第一の熱交換器(114)と流通し、且つ前記第一の熱交換器(114)からのガス状冷媒の流れ(150)を受けるように構成されている、第一の膨張機(136);
前記第三の熱交換器(116)と流通し、且つ前記第三の熱交換器(116)からのガス状冷媒の流れ(170)を受けるように構成されている、第二の膨張機(138);
前記第一の膨張機(136)と流通し、且つ(i)前記第一の膨張機(136)からの第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(154)と供給ガス流れ(100)とを受けるように、そして(ii)前記第二の熱交換器(110)の中間の位置から、前記第一の膨張したガス状冷媒流れ(154)の一部(156)を抜き出して前記第二の熱交換機(110)の予冷部分を調節するように構成されている、第二の熱交換器(110);及び
前記第二の熱交換器(110)及び前記第二の膨張機(138)と流通し、且つ前記第二の熱交換器(110)からの前記冷却した供給ガス流れ(102)を受けるように構成されている、過冷却化交換器(112)。 - 請求項3〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって液化するための請求項12に記載の閉ループ装置。
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