JP5671570B2 - Cattle and pig feed and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Cattle and pig feed and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5671570B2 JP5671570B2 JP2013056858A JP2013056858A JP5671570B2 JP 5671570 B2 JP5671570 B2 JP 5671570B2 JP 2013056858 A JP2013056858 A JP 2013056858A JP 2013056858 A JP2013056858 A JP 2013056858A JP 5671570 B2 JP5671570 B2 JP 5671570B2
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 97
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 97
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021059 hard food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Description
本発明は籾殻付き籾米を原料とした牛豚用飼料及びその製造方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a feed for beef and pigs made from glutinous rice with rice husks and a method for producing the same.
近年、家畜飼料の主原料である小麦やトウモロコシの代替品として、米を利用する取組みが急速に拡大しており、飼料用米と称される飼料原料への利用に特化した米の生産や品種改良が行われている。 In recent years, efforts to use rice as a substitute for wheat and corn, which are the main raw materials for livestock feed, have been rapidly expanding, and production of rice specialized for use in feed raw materials called feed rice Breeding has been improved.
従来この飼料用米を籾殻付きの籾米の状態で飼料原料とする場合には、下記非特許文献１のｐ８８〜ｐ９２に示すように、籾米を圧ぺん、即ち圧力をかけて押しつぶし、又は籾米を粗挽きや挽き割りにして、難消化性の籾殻を破壊又は細かくして該籾殻で覆われた子実の消化性向上を図っている。 Conventionally, when this feed rice is used as a feed raw material in the state of rice bran with rice husks, as shown in p88 to p92 of Non-Patent Document 1 below, the rice is crushed by pressing, that is, crushed by applying pressure, The digested rice husk is broken or finely broken or finely divided to improve the digestibility of the grains covered with the rice husk.
しかし上記圧ぺん等の加工により籾殻を破壊、粉砕しても、籾殻自体或いは籾殻を含めた飼料全体の消化性の向上には至っていない。 However, even if rice husks are broken and pulverized by processing such as pressure pens, the digestibility of the rice husk itself or the entire feed including rice husks has not been improved.
又籾殻が含まれている飼料は、堅い物を好んで食べ消化できる鶏に対しては有効であるが、牛や豚に対しては、牛や豚の籾殻に対する嗜好性が悪い、即ち積極的に食べないという問題がある。 Feed containing rice husks is effective for chickens that can eat and digest hard foods, but for cattle and pigs, it has poor palatability for cattle and pork husks. There is a problem of not eating.
本発明は籾殻付きの籾米を飼料原料として利用しながら、牛や豚の籾殻配合飼料に対する嗜好性及び消化性を向上する牛豚用飼料及びその製造方法を提供する。 The present invention provides a feed for cattle and swine that improves the palatability and digestibility of cattle and pigs for rice husk blended feed while using the rice husk with rice husk as a feed raw material.
要述すると、本発明に係る牛豚用飼料は、籾殻付き籾米を原料とし、該籾米に含まれる子実の粉砕物が膨化し多孔構造を呈し、該多孔構造を呈する膨化子実内に上記籾米に含まれる籾殻の粉砕物たる繊維質片が混在した構造を有し、籾殻の粉砕物たる繊維質片を膨化子実内に混在させることにより、堅い籾殻が牛や豚の嗜好性に与える影響を抑えつつ、多孔構造の膨化子実の口当たりの良さにより嗜好性を向上させると共に同膨化子実により消化性を向上する。 Briefly, the feed for cattle and pigs according to the present invention is made from glutinous rice with rice husks, and the pulverized product of the grains contained in the glutinous rice expands to exhibit a porous structure, and the above-mentioned expanded rice grains exhibiting the porous structure contain the above-mentioned It has a structure in which fiber pieces that are crushed rice husk contained in glutinous rice are mixed, and fiber husks that are crushed rice husk are mixed in puffed seeds, so that hard rice husks give palatability to cattle and pigs. While suppressing the influence, the palatability of the porous structure of the porous structure improves the palatability and improves the digestibility by the expanded structure.
他例として、上記籾殻付き籾米を原料とする膨化子実を他の穀物飼料、例えばトウモロコシ、マイロ、大豆等を原料とする飼料に配合し、栄養バランスに優れた牛豚用飼料とする。好ましくは上記籾殻付き籾米を原料とする膨化子実とトウモロコシに由来する飼料を含有した牛豚用飼料とし、更に好ましくは上記籾殻付き籾米を原料とする膨化子実と圧ぺんトウモロコシを含有した牛豚用飼料とする。 As another example, the above-mentioned swollen seeds made from rice husks with rice husks are blended with other grain feeds, for example, feeds made from corn, milo, soybeans, etc., to provide a feed for cows and pigs with an excellent nutritional balance. Preferably, it is a feed for beef and pigs containing a feed derived from corn and rice husk with rice husk and corn, and more preferably a cow containing rice husk and rice husk using rice husk and pressed corn Pig food.
又本発明に係る牛豚用飼料の製造方法は以下に述べるＡ乃至Ｄの構成から成る、
Ａ：籾殻付き籾米を原料とする、
Ｂ：エクストルーダーにより上記籾殻付き籾米を圧縮搬送しつつ該籾米の子実と籾殻を一緒に粉砕し混練する、
Ｃ：上記圧縮搬送に伴い上記粉砕物の自己発熱と該自己発熱による上記子実の水分の蒸気化を促し、
Ｄ：上記圧縮搬送の出口で上記粉砕物の圧縮を開放して上記子実粉砕物の膨化を促し上記籾殻粉砕物たる繊維質片を内部に混在した膨化子実を形成すると共に、該膨化子実中の蒸気の放出により同膨化子実を多孔構造にする。
Moreover, the manufacturing method of the feed for cattle and pigs based on this invention consists of the structure of A thru | or D described below,
A: Raw rice with rice husks
B: While the above-mentioned rice husk with rice husks is compressed and conveyed by an extruder, the grain of rice husk and rice husks are pulverized together and kneaded.
C: accelerating the self-heating of the pulverized material and vaporization of the moisture of the grain due to the self-heating with the compressed conveyance,
D: The compression of the pulverized material is released at the outlet of the compression conveyance to promote the expansion of the pulverized product of the seeds, thereby forming the expanded sap containing the fiber pieces as the pulverized rice husks in the interior. By releasing the vapor in the middle, the expanded bud is made porous.
好ましくは上記圧縮搬送の出口で圧縮を開放し上記膨化子実を形成した直後に同出口の外面に面して回転する回転カッターにより該膨化子実を所望の大きさに折断する。 Preferably, immediately after the compression is released at the outlet of the compressing conveyance and the expanded pellet is formed, the expanded pellet is cut into a desired size by a rotating cutter that rotates to face the outer surface of the outlet.
本発明に係る牛豚用飼料によれば、籾殻付きの籾米を飼料原料として利用しながら、牛や豚の嗜好性及び消化性を向上することができる。 According to the cow pig feed according to the present invention, the palatability and digestibility of cattle and pigs can be improved while using the rice bran with chaff as a feed material.
又本発明に係る製造方法によれば、上記嗜好性及び消化性が向上する牛豚用飼料を適切且つ容易に製造することができる。 Moreover, according to the manufacturing method which concerns on this invention, the feed for cows and pigs which the said palatability and digestibility improve can be manufactured appropriately and easily.
以下、本発明の実施例を図１乃至図５に基づいて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
＜本発明に係る牛豚用飼料＞
本発明に係る牛豚用飼料１は、図１，図２に示すように、籾殻付き籾米を原料とし、該籾米に含まれる子実の粉砕物が膨化し多孔構造を呈し、該多孔構造を呈する膨化子実２内に上記籾米に含まれる籾殻の粉砕物たる繊維質片３が混在した構造を有する。
<Feed for cattle and pigs according to the present invention>
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the bovine pig feed 1 according to the present invention is made from glutinous rice with rice husks, and the pulverized product of grains contained in the glutinous rice expands to exhibit a porous structure. It has a structure in which fibrous pieces 3 which are pulverized products of rice husks contained in the above-mentioned rice bran are mixed in the expanded expanded seed 2.
詳述すると、上記牛豚用飼料１の表面においては、図１に示すように、上記多孔構造を呈する膨化子実２内に混在する極小さな上記繊維質片（籾殻の粉砕物）３の一部が不規則に露出する。 More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, on the surface of the bovine pig feed 1, one of the extremely small fiber pieces (pulverized rice husks) 3 mixed in the expanded peas 2 exhibiting the porous structure. Part is exposed irregularly.
又内部においては、図２に示すように、上記膨化子実２内に多孔構造を形成する微小孔の他に多数の空隙４が形成されると共に該膨化子実２内に上記繊維質片３が不規則に混在している。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of voids 4 are formed in addition to the micropores that form a porous structure in the swollen shell 2, and the fibrous pieces 3 are formed in the swollen shell 2. Are irregularly mixed.
尚上記膨化子実２は胚乳に由来する白色部分と、籾殻や糠がすり潰されることにより変色された該籾殻又は糠に由来する茶色部分とが斑に表れる。 In addition, the above-mentioned swollen seed 2 appears in spots of a white portion derived from endosperm and a brown portion derived from the rice husk or cocoon that has been discolored by grinding the rice husk or cocoon.
上記構造から明らかなように、本発明に係る牛豚用飼料１は、表面において多孔構造の膨化子実２により口当たりを良くして、牛や豚の嗜好性を向上させる。尚籾殻の粉砕片たる繊維質片３は表面に不規則に且つ僅かしか露出せず、口当たりに影響しない。 As is clear from the above structure, the bovine pig feed 1 according to the present invention improves the palatability of cattle and pigs by improving the palatability by the porous structure 2 having a porous structure on the surface. Incidentally, the fiber pieces 3 which are crushed pieces of rice husks are irregularly and slightly exposed on the surface and do not affect the mouthfeel.
又内部においては、多孔構造の膨化子実２内に該多孔構造を形成する微小孔の他に空隙４を形成すると共に、該膨化子実２内に籾殻の粉砕片たる繊維質片３を混在させ、該繊維質片３の堅さによって食感が損なわれることがない。この点からも牛や豚の嗜好性を向上させる。 In addition, in the inside, a void 4 is formed in addition to the micropores forming the porous structure in the expanded structure 2 of the porous structure, and the fiber pieces 3 as crushed pieces of rice husks are mixed in the expanded structure 2 The texture is not impaired by the firmness of the fibrous piece 3. From this point, the palatability of cattle and pigs is improved.
更には難消化性の籾殻由来の繊維質片３が消化性の良い多孔構造の膨化子実２内に混在していることにより、該繊維質片３の消化を助け、もって飼料全体の消化性を向上させる。又上記繊維質片３の混在により繊維性飼料としての効果も期待できる。 Furthermore, the fiber pieces 3 derived from the hard-to-digest rice husks are mixed in the puffed seeds 2 having a porous structure with good digestibility, thereby assisting the digestion of the fiber pieces 3 and the digestibility of the whole feed. To improve. Moreover, the effect as a fibrous feed can be expected by mixing the fibrous pieces 3.
又膨化子実２は後記するように加熱処理して形成されているため、この点からも消化性を向上させる。 Further, since the expanded seed 2 is formed by heat treatment as will be described later, digestibility is also improved in this respect.
本発明に係る牛豚用飼料の他例として、図１，図２に示した籾殻付き籾米を原料とする膨化子実２をハンマークラッシャ等の粉砕機にかけて細かい粒状にして他の穀物飼料、例えばトウモロコシ、マイロ、大豆等を原料とする飼料に配合し、栄養バランスを整えた牛豚用飼料とする。 As another example of the feed for beef and pigs according to the present invention, other grain feeds such as expanded grain 2 made of rice husk with rice husks shown in FIGS. Mix with feed made from corn, milo, soy beans, etc. to make a balanced feed for cattle and pigs.
好ましくは、上記他の穀物飼料として、圧ぺんトウモロコシや粉砕トウモロコシ等のトウモロコシに由来する飼料を使用し、特に圧ぺんしたトウモロコシから成る飼料を使用して栄養バランスを整え、牛豚用飼料とする。 Preferably, as the above-mentioned other grain feed, feed derived from corn such as pressed corn and ground corn is used, and in particular, feed made from pressed corn is used to adjust the nutritional balance to obtain a feed for cows and pigs. .
＜本発明に係る牛豚用飼料の製造方法＞
次に、上記本発明に係る牛豚用飼料の製造方法について説明する。
<Method for producing feed for cattle and pigs according to the present invention>
Next, the manufacturing method of the feed for cows and pigs concerning the said invention is demonstrated.
製造においては、原料となる籾殻付きの籾米を以下に示すように構成したエクストルーダーを使用して処理し本発明に係る牛豚用飼料を製造する。 In the production, the raw rice with chaff as a raw material is treated using an extruder configured as shown below to produce the feed for beef and pigs according to the present invention.
＜エクストルーダー＞
本発明において使用するエクストルーダー１１は、図３に示すように、シリンダー１２に内挿したスクリューシャフト１３を備え、該スクリューシャフト１３は複数の分離可能な単位スクリューシャフト１３´間に円盤形のスチームロック盤１４を介装し一体に締付けて成る。又スクリューシャフト１３の前端（図３において左端）にもスチームロック盤１４を設ける。
<Extruder>
As shown in FIG. 3, the extruder 11 used in the present invention includes a screw shaft 13 inserted in a cylinder 12, and the screw shaft 13 is a disc-shaped steam between a plurality of separable unit screw shafts 13 '. The lock plate 14 is interposed and tightened together. A steam lock board 14 is also provided at the front end (left end in FIG. 3) of the screw shaft 13.
上記構成により飼料の原料となる籾殻付き籾米はスクリューシャフト１３にて前方に搬送されながら、シリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の挟間隙にて圧潰され粉砕されるのに伴ない、即ちシリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の挟間隙にて圧縮搬送されるのに伴ない、自己発熱して原料中の油脂分又は水分が蒸気化し、これにより加熱処理を行ない、この時蒸気は単位スクリューシャフト１３´間に配したスチームロック盤１４及びスクリューシャフト１３前端に配したスチームロック盤１４にて移送方向への流出を抑止し（各スチームロック盤間に蒸気を留保し）、所謂スチームロックを行ない上記加熱処理効果を高めるようにしている。 With the above-described structure, the rice husk with rice husk, which is the raw material of the feed, is conveyed forward by the screw shaft 13 and is crushed and pulverized in the gap between the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13, that is, the cylinder 12 and the screw. Along with being compressed and conveyed in the gap between the shafts 13, the oil and fat or water in the raw material is vaporized due to self-heating, whereby heat treatment is performed, and at this time, the vapor is transferred between the unit screw shafts 13 '. The steam lock plate 14 disposed at the front end of the screw shaft 13 and the steam lock plate 14 disposed at the front end of the screw shaft 13 are prevented from flowing out in the transfer direction (steam is retained between the steam lock plates), so-called steam lock is performed, and the above heat treatment effect is achieved. To increase.
又シリンダー１２は後端側（図３において右端側）に原料投入口１５を備え、該原料投入口１５よりも前端側に水分供給口１６を備えている。尚図３中のシリンダー１２の上部に複数設けられている２１は温度計であり、該温度計２１により各スチームロック盤１４間の温度を測定し確認できる。 The cylinder 12 is provided with a raw material inlet 15 on the rear end side (right end side in FIG. 3), and a moisture supply port 16 on the front end side of the raw material inlet 15. 3 is a thermometer provided in the upper part of the cylinder 12 in FIG. 3, and the temperature between the steam lock panels 14 can be measured and confirmed by the thermometer 21.
又図３，図４に示すように、上記シリンダー１２の前端、即ち出口側端面に回転カッター１８付きの筒状キャップ１７を充がいボルトにより締付けてシリンダー１２の出口を閉塞し溜込室１９を画成すると共に、シリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の間隙をその出口において上記溜込室１９内に開口せしめる。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the front end of the cylinder 12, that is, the end face on the outlet side, is filled with a cylindrical cap 17 with a rotary cutter 18 and tightened with a bolt to close the outlet of the cylinder 12 and the reservoir chamber 19 is closed. At the same time, a gap between the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13 is opened in the storage chamber 19 at the outlet.
又図４，図５にも示すように、上記筒状キャップ１７の前端壁の中心部に円盤形のダイ２０を設け、該ダイ２０に同心円状に単数又は複数の貫通孔２０ａを形成する。該貫通孔２０ａは後記するように、圧縮搬送の出口となると共に、その径の大きさを調整することにより牛豚用飼料１の大きさを調整できることは勿論、子実の粉砕物の膨化の程度を調整できる。又該貫通孔２０ａの数や径の大きさを調整することによりシリンダー１２内の圧力、即ちシリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の圧力や溜込室１９内の圧力をも調整でき、適切な圧縮搬送に貢献する。 4 and 5, a disk-shaped die 20 is provided at the center of the front end wall of the cylindrical cap 17, and one or a plurality of through holes 20a are formed concentrically in the die 20. As will be described later, the through-hole 20a serves as an outlet for compression conveyance, and the size of the feed 1 for cows and pigs can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the diameter. The degree can be adjusted. In addition, by adjusting the number and diameter of the through holes 20a, the pressure in the cylinder 12, that is, the pressure between the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13 and the pressure in the reservoir chamber 19 can be adjusted. To contribute.
又上記ダイ２０の外面に上記回転カッター１８が有するパイロットベアリング１８ｂを受け入れる受入凹部２０ｂを形成して、該受入凹部２０ｂと上記パイロットベアリング１８ｂを滑合し、上記回転カッター１８が上記ダイ２０の外面に面して回転するように構成する。尚図５中の１８ａは回転カッター１８に形成したテーパー面であり、後記するように上記膨化子実２の折断に寄与する。 Further, a receiving recess 20b for receiving the pilot bearing 18b of the rotary cutter 18 is formed on the outer surface of the die 20, and the receiving recess 20b and the pilot bearing 18b are slid together, and the rotary cutter 18 is connected to the outer surface of the die 20. It is configured to rotate to face. In addition, 18a in FIG. 5 is a taper surface formed in the rotary cutter 18, and contributes to the breakage of the expander fruit 2 as will be described later.
＜エクストルーダーによる製造工程＞
上記構成のエクストルーダー１１による製造工程について説明する。
<Manufacturing process using an extruder>
The manufacturing process by the extruder 11 of the said structure is demonstrated.
まず、原料となる籾殻付き籾米を原料投入口１５から投入してシリンダー１２内に入れ、エクストルーダー１１による処理を開始する。後記する加熱処理において、温度計２１により各スチームロック盤１４間の温度を測定し、過加熱や加熱不良の場合には原料投入量を調節して適切な加熱処理を行うようにする。過加熱の場合には原料投入量を減らし、加熱不良の場合には原料投入量を増やす。 First, the rice husk with rice husk as a raw material is introduced from the raw material inlet 15 into the cylinder 12, and the processing by the extruder 11 is started. In the heat treatment to be described later, the temperature between the steam lock panels 14 is measured by the thermometer 21, and in the case of overheating or heating failure, the raw material input amount is adjusted to perform an appropriate heat treatment. In the case of overheating, the raw material input amount is reduced, and in the case of poor heating, the raw material input amount is increased.
又水分供給口１６から水分を霧状にしてシリンダー１２内に供給する。この供給する水分は籾米がスクリューシャフト１３によって圧縮搬送される際の潤滑剤として機能すると共に、圧縮搬送に伴う発熱により蒸気化し加熱処理を補完する。この水分の供給量を調整することにより膨化子実２の健全な膨化を促すことができる。尚本発明においては、水分を供給せず、原料たる籾米中の水分・油分の蒸気のみにより加熱処理を行う場合を排除しない。 Further, water is supplied into the cylinder 12 from the water supply port 16 in the form of a mist. The supplied water functions as a lubricant when the rice is compressed and conveyed by the screw shaft 13, and is vaporized by heat generated by the compression conveyance to complement the heat treatment. By adjusting the supply amount of the water, it is possible to promote the healthy expansion of the expanded fruit body 2. In the present invention, the case where the heat treatment is performed only with the moisture / oil vapor in the raw rice as a raw material without supplying water is not excluded.
上記のようにシリンダー１２内に投入された籾殻付き籾米をスクリューシャフト１３により圧縮搬送しつつ、シリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の狭間隙にて上記籾米に含まれる子実と籾殻を一緒に粉砕し該子実の粉砕物と籾殻の粉砕物とを混練する。即ち子実と籾殻を一緒に圧潰すると同時に混ぜて練り込む。 While the rice husk with rice husk put into the cylinder 12 is compressed and conveyed by the screw shaft 13 as described above, the grain and rice husk contained in the rice husk are pulverized together in a narrow gap between the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13. The ground pulverized product and the crushed rice husk are kneaded. In other words, the fruit and chaff are crushed together and mixed and kneaded.
上記圧縮搬送に伴い上記籾殻と子実の粉砕物の自己発熱と該自己発熱による上記子実の水分（供給された水分を含む）・油分の蒸気化を促す。該蒸気によって上記粉砕物は加熱処理されることとなり、該蒸気を各スチームロック盤１４間でスチームロックすることにより更に効果的に加熱処理される。この際に子実の粉砕物は糊化し籾殻の粉砕物を包み込む。 Along with the compression conveyance, self-heating of the rice husk and the crushed material of the rice husk and the vaporization of moisture (including supplied water) and oil by the self-heating are promoted. The pulverized product is heat-treated by the steam, and the steam is steam-heated between the steam lock plates 14 to more effectively heat-treat. At this time, the ground pulverized product is gelatinized to wrap the crushed rice husk.
上記子実と籾殻の粉砕物はスクリューシャフト１３の前端に近づくにつれ徐々に圧力と温度が高まった状態で圧縮搬送され、スクリューシャフト１３の前端に設けられた最終段のスチームロック盤１４を通過して溜込室１９内に押し出される。 The crushed material of the grain and rice husk is compressed and conveyed in a state where the pressure and temperature gradually increase as it approaches the front end of the screw shaft 13, and passes through the final stage steam lock board 14 provided at the front end of the screw shaft 13. And pushed out into the storage chamber 19.
本発明においては、図３に示すように、隣接する一対のスチームロック盤１４間に挟まれる空間の温度をそれぞれ測定する三個の温度計２１により適切な加熱が行われていることを確認する。具体的には、後端側の空間の温度が２５〜１００℃、真ん中の空間の温度が１２０〜１３０℃、前端側の空間の温度が１５０〜１７０℃であるか否かを確認し、この範囲外の温度が測定された場合には原料投入量を調整し適切な温度にする。尚スチームロック盤１４の数は図３に示す数に限られるものではない。 In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, it is confirmed that appropriate heating is performed by three thermometers 21 that respectively measure the temperature of the space between the pair of adjacent steam lock boards 14. . Specifically, it is confirmed whether the temperature of the space on the rear end side is 25 to 100 ° C, the temperature of the middle space is 120 to 130 ° C, and the temperature of the space on the front end side is 150 to 170 ° C. If a temperature outside the range is measured, adjust the raw material input amount to an appropriate temperature. The number of steam lock boards 14 is not limited to the number shown in FIG.
斯くして加熱処理された上記子実と籾殻の粉砕物はシリンダー１２及びスクリューシャフト１３の出口より溜込室１９に溜め込まれる。該溜込室１９内はシリンダー１２とスクリューシャフト１３間の狭間隙よりも減圧下にあり、同溜込室１９内に押し出された上記粉砕物は減圧により予備的に膨化する。 The ground and rice husk pulverized material thus heat-treated is stored in the storage chamber 19 from the outlet of the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13. The inside of the storage chamber 19 is under reduced pressure than the narrow gap between the cylinder 12 and the screw shaft 13, and the pulverized material pushed into the storage chamber 19 is preliminarily expanded by the reduced pressure.
上記溜込室１９を満たした粉砕物は上記スクリューシャフト１３の押出力により後続の粉砕物を介して筒状キャップ１７の前端壁に設けられたダイ２０へ押し付けられ、該ダイ２０の貫通孔２０ａを通じて外方（同ダイ２０の外面側）に排出され、完全に圧縮（圧力）から解放される。 The pulverized material filling the reservoir chamber 19 is pressed against the die 20 provided on the front end wall of the cylindrical cap 17 through the subsequent pulverized material by the pushing force of the screw shaft 13, and the through hole 20a of the die 20 is pressed. Is discharged outward (on the outer surface side of the die 20) and completely released from compression (pressure).
即ち、上記圧縮搬送の出口たる貫通孔２０ａで上記粉砕物の圧縮を開放して上記子実粉砕物の膨化を促し上記籾殻粉砕物たる繊維質片３を内部に混在した膨化子実２を形成すると共に、該膨化子実２中の蒸気の放出により同膨化子実２を多孔構造にする。 That is, the compression of the pulverized material is released at the through-hole 20a which is the outlet of the compression conveyance to promote the expansion of the pulverized product of the seed, and the expanded seed 2 containing the fiber pieces 3 which are the pulverized rice husk is formed inside. At the same time, the expanded peas 2 are made to have a porous structure by releasing the vapor in the expanded pods 2.
斯くして上記貫通孔２０ａで圧縮を開放し上記膨化子実２を形成した直後に、上記ダイ２０の外面に面して回転する回転カッター１８により該膨化子実２を所望の大きさに折断する。この際には回転カッター１８に形成されているテーパー面１８ａにより上記膨化子実２を適切に折断する。 Thus, immediately after the compression is released by the through-hole 20a and the expanded fruit 2 is formed, the expanded fruit 2 is broken to a desired size by the rotary cutter 18 that rotates facing the outer surface of the die 20. To do. At this time, the above-mentioned swollen fruit 2 is appropriately cut by the tapered surface 18 a formed on the rotary cutter 18.
上記のように膨化子実２を形成した直後に折断することにより、該膨化子実２の膨化程度を均等にできる。又上記ダイ２０の貫通孔２０ａの径を変えることにより製造される膨化子実２の大きさを調節できる。尚、該膨化子実２は最大幅１５〜３５ｍｍ程度の塊状に形成することが望ましいが、本発明はこれに限らず、適宜上記貫通孔２０ａの径を調節し所望の大きさの上記膨化子実２を形成できる。 The degree of expansion of the expanded fruit seed 2 can be made uniform by breaking immediately after forming the expanded fruit fruit 2 as described above. Also, the size of the expanded pea 2 produced can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the through hole 20a of the die 20. In addition, although it is desirable to form the expander fruit 2 in a lump shape having a maximum width of about 15 to 35 mm, the present invention is not limited to this, and the diameter of the through-hole 20a is appropriately adjusted so that the expander has a desired size. Real 2 can be formed.
以上のとおり、本発明に係る製造方法によれば、多孔構造を呈する膨化子実２内に籾殻の粉砕物たる繊維質片３を混在させた牛豚用飼料１を簡易且つ適切に得ることができる。 As described above, according to the manufacturing method according to the present invention, it is possible to easily and appropriately obtain the bovine pig feed 1 in which the fiber pieces 3 which are pulverized rice husks are mixed in the expanded peas 2 having a porous structure. it can.
又本発明に係る牛豚用飼料の他例として示した、上記膨化子実２を他の穀物飼料に配合して成る牛豚用飼料を製造する場合には、上記回転カッター１８にて折断して形成された膨化子実２をハンマークラッシャ―等の粉砕機にかけて粉砕し、粗密度で軽い膨化子実２を適切に他の穀物飼料に配合する。 Moreover, when manufacturing the feed for cows and pigs which mix | blended the above-mentioned expanded grain 2 with other grain feeds shown as other examples of the feed for cows and pigs concerning this invention, it cut | disconnects with the said rotary cutter 18. The puffed grain 2 formed in this manner is pulverized by using a pulverizer such as a Hanmark crusher, and the lightly expanded puffy seed 2 is appropriately blended with other grain feed.
１…牛豚用飼料、２…膨化子実、３…繊維質片、４…空隙、１１…エクストルーダー、１２…シリンダー、１３…スクリューシャフト、１３´…単位スクリューシャフト、１４…スチームロック盤、１５…原料投入口、１６…水分供給口、１７…筒状キャップ、１８…回転カッター、１８ａ…回転カッターのテーパー面、１８ｂ…パイロットベアリング、１９…溜込室、２０…ダイ、２０ａ…貫通孔、２０ｂ…受入凹部、２１…温度計。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cattle pig feed, 2 ... Puffed grain, 3 ... Fiber piece, 4 ... Air gap, 11 ... Extruder, 12 ... Cylinder, 13 ... Screw shaft, 13 '... Unit screw shaft, 14 ... Steam lock board, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Raw material injection port, 16 ... Water supply port, 17 ... Cylindrical cap, 18 ... Rotary cutter, 18a ... Tapered surface of rotary cutter, 18b ... Pilot bearing, 19 ... Reservoir chamber, 20 ... Die, 20a ... Through-hole 20b ... receiving recess, 21 ... thermometer.
Claims (6)
Ａ：籾殻付き籾米を原料とする、
Ｂ：エクストルーダーにより上記籾殻付き籾米を圧縮搬送しつつ該籾米の子実と籾殻を一緒に粉砕し混練する、
Ｃ：上記圧縮搬送に伴い上記粉砕物の自己発熱と該自己発熱による上記籾米の子実の水分の蒸気化を促し、
Ｄ：上記圧縮搬送の出口で上記粉砕物の圧縮を開放して上記子実粉砕物の膨化を促し上記籾殻粉砕物たる繊維質片を内部に混在した膨化子実を形成すると共に、該膨化子実中の蒸気の放出により同膨化子実を多孔構造にする。 A method for producing a feed for cattle and pigs consisting of A to D described below.
A: Raw rice with rice husks
B: While the above-mentioned rice husk with rice husks is compressed and conveyed by an extruder, the grain of rice husk and rice husks are pulverized together and kneaded.
C: accelerating the self-heating of the pulverized product and the vaporization of the moisture of the grain of the glutinous rice due to the self-heating with the compression conveyance,
D: The compression of the pulverized material is released at the outlet of the compression conveyance to promote the expansion of the pulverized product of the seeds, thereby forming the expanded sap containing the fiber pieces as the pulverized rice husks in the interior. By releasing the vapor in the middle, the expanded bud is made porous.
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