JP5656861B2 - 効率が良い風力タービンブレード、風力タービンブレードの構造、ならびに、関連したシステム、および、製造、組み立て、および、使用の方法 - Google Patents
効率が良い風力タービンブレード、風力タービンブレードの構造、ならびに、関連したシステム、および、製造、組み立て、および、使用の方法 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
- B29D99/0028—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings hollow blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
- B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/302—Segmented or sectional blades
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
- Y10T29/49337—Composite blade
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
- Y10T29/49339—Hollow blade
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2008年12月5日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/120,338号明細書、2009年6月24日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/220,187号明細書、2009年7月17日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/271,179号明細書に対する優先権を主張するものであり、それらの仮出願はそれぞれ、参照によりその全体が本明細書の一部を構成する。
に、および/または、前縁117aの方向に位置付けられ、厚さ方向軸Tに沿って互いに
離隔された第1のけた170aおよび第2のけた170bを含む3つのけた170を含む
ことができる。ブレード110は、さらに、後縁領域118、および/または、後縁11
8aの方向に位置付けられ、第1のけた170aおよび第2のけた170bの両方から翼
弦方向軸Cに沿って離隔される第3のけた170cを含むことができるけた170a〜1
70cは、それぞれ、スパン方向軸Sに沿って順に互いに離隔された複数のリブ142(
それらのうちの1つを図3で見ることができる)に取り付けられている。けた170a〜
170cは、それぞれ、概して矩形の断面を有することができる。前方のけた170a、
170bは、厚さ寸法より大きい翼弦方向の寸法を有することができ、後方のけた170cは、翼弦方向の寸法より大きい厚さ寸法を有することができる。第3のけた170cは、ブレード110の厚さ寸法の大部分にわたって延在することができ、特有の実施例では、厚さの寸法の全体、またはほぼ全体にわたって延在することができる。例えば、第3のけた170cは、リブ142における厚さ方向の寸法とほぼ同一である厚さ方向の寸法を有することができる。
ド110の一部を図式化した図である。この実施例において、外側領域114における風
力タービンブレード110の内部構造は、トラス構造ではない。その代わりに、例えば、
その構造は、厚さ方向の軸Tに略平行に向けられ、スパン方向の軸Sに沿って延在する比
較的薄いウェブ119を含むことができる。ウェブ119は、翼弦方向Cに延在するフラ
ンジ120に接続され、即ち、それと一体形成され得る。スパン方向に延在するけた47
0a、470bは、各フランジ120に取り付けられ、そしてまた、外板115、図4に示されているその一部分に接続されている。一実施例では、その構造は、後縁領域118に位置決めされ、間隔をあけて配置された複数のリブ142を含むことができる。他の実施例においては、そのようなリブ142もまた、前縁領域117に広がることができる。外板115は、ガラス繊維−バルサ材−ガラス繊維サンドイッチ、または、ガラス繊維−フォーム−ガラス繊維サンドイッチから作ることができる。他の実施例では、外板115は、ウェットラミネーション、インフュージョン、プレプレグ、スプレイチョップトファイバー(sprayed chopped fiber)、プレス成型、真空成形、および/または、他の適切な量産技術によって作製可能とされる複合材料で作ることができる。外板115は、図4に示される外側領域114および図3に示される内側領域113の両方において同一の構造を有することができる。複数のリブ142は、同様の構造を有することができる。ウェブ119および複数のフランジ120は、ガラス繊維、例えば、単一方向性のガラス繊維から作られ得る。他の実施例では、前述の構成要素のいずれも、他の適切な物質から作られ得る。限定されるわけではないが、図6A〜図6Cおよび図8A〜図16を参照しながら後述する技術を含む様々な技術を用いて、外側領域114に配されるけた470a、470bは、内側領域113(図2A)において対応するけたに結合可能とされる。これらのいずれの実施例においても、外側領域114に配されるけた470a、470bは、内側領域113における対応するけたと同様に概して滑らかな連続的な長手方向軸線に沿って延在し、負荷を外側領域114から内側領域113まで効率的に伝達することができる。
影図である。この実施例においては、トラス付属部材150は、けた取り付け部152と
(例えば、対応するけた170がその中に位置決めされるチャネル153を有する)、1
つ以上のトラス取り付け部154(2つが図5Bに示される)とを含む。トラス取り付け
部154は、第2のアタッチメントフィーチャ151b(例えば、取付孔158b)が位
置付けられている平坦なフランジタイプの形状を有することができる。図5Cに示される
特有の実施例では、トラス付属部材150は、相補形の2つの構成要素、すなわち、部品
、第1の構成要素、即ち部品156aおよび第2の構成要素、即ち、部品156bから作
られる。第1の部品156aは、2つの第1のフランジ部分155aを含み、第2の部品
156bは、2つの第2のフランジ部分155bを含む。2つの部品156a、156b
が重ねて配置される場合、第1のフランジ部分155aが対応する第2のフランジ部分1
55bと接続し、それぞれ複数のトラス取り付け部154のうちの一つを形成する2つの
フランジ対を形成する。したがって、第1のフランジ部分155aは、それぞれ、対応す
る第2のフランジ部分と面接触することができる。第1の部分155aおよび第2の部分
155bは、対応する留め具を受けるように構成された同心となる取付孔を有することが
できる。また、それらの2つの部品156a、156bは、チャネル153を形成する。
この実施例における特有の特徴においては、第1の部品156aおよび第2の部品156
bは、重ねて配置される場合、結果としてのチャネル153がその周りに配置されるけた
の断面積よりもわずかに小さくなるような大きさの寸法とされる。したがって、2つの部
品156a、156bが互いに押し付けられる場合、トラス付属部材150は、対応する
けたの周りで締め付け可能とされ、したがって、トラス付属部材150が所定位置に固定
される。例えば、第2のアタッチメントフィーチャ151bが取付孔を含む場合、製造者
は、締結具157を取付孔に貫通させ、トラス付属部材150を対応するトラス部材14
3(図5A)に取り付けることと、トラス付属部材150を対応するけた170(図5A
)の周りに留めることもできる。
がら、第1の層172aは、それぞれ、各第2の層172bと同様に、積み重ねられ、結
合され、硬化される。層172a、172bは、積み重ねられる場合、それらが凹部175および突起部174を形成するように、積み重ねられる前に予め切断されている。2つの部分171a、171bが硬化した後、凹部175、および/または、突起部174は、被覆され、および/または、接着剤で充填され得る。それから、2つの部分171a、171bは、各部分の突起部174が他方の対応する凹部175に受け入れられるように互いに向かって動かされる。それから、接続領域が、接着され硬化され得る。
、突起部974および対応する凹部975における交互の配置を作る終端部973を有す
る複数の層972からなる。第1のけた部871aと同様に、第2のけた部871bは、インボード端部分979cおよびアウトボード端部分979dを含む。しかしながら、図
9Bに例示されるように、第2のけた部871bは、アウトボード端部分979dに向か
って薄くなる(すなわち、厚さが先細りする)。例示の実施例では、これは、外側の層972がインボード端部分979cから外側に延在するにつれて連続して終端することによって実現される。けた170bにおけるこの緩やかなテーパが、けた170bの重量を軽減し、および/または、タービンブレード110の先端部に向かって生じる低減された構造的な負荷についてけた170bの強度を調整するように、なされ得る。次に図9Cを参照すると、第3のけた部871cは、インボード端部分979eおよび対応するアウトボード端部分979fを含む。この図に例示するように、けた170bは、端部分979fに近づくにつれて様々な層972を終端させることによって、アウトボード端部分979fに向かって先細りし続ける。
0のトラス構造上に現場でけた170bを製造する方法の様々な段階を示す、図8Aの製
造アセンブリ801の一部分の一連の一部を図式化した側面図である。図10Bは、この
けたの製造方法のいくつかの態様をさらに示す、図10Aの10B−10B線に沿った拡
大端面図である。まず図10Aおよび図10Bを合わせて参照すると、リブ142は、対
応するツールスタンチョン802に固定されており、複数のトラス部材143が、対応す
るトラス付属部材150間に(少なくとも一時的に)設置されている。例示の実施例のト
ラス付属部材150はそれぞれ、第1の部品1056aおよび合わせる第2の部品105
6bを含む。図10Aに示すように、けた170bの構築中には、第1の部品1056a
のみがトラス構造に取り付けられている。以下でより詳細に検討するように、けたの層9
72が全てトラス付属部材150の第1の部品1056a上に適切に配置された後で、第
2の部品1056bが所定位置に嵌合され、第1の部品1056aに固定される。
150の第1の部品1056a上の所定位置に順次配置されている。けたの層972が互いの上に置かれると、終端部973が図9A〜図9Eに示すように配置されて、所望のけたプロフィルが作製される。接着剤(例えば、エポキシ接着剤、熱硬化性樹脂の接着剤など)の層を、隣接する層972の合わせ面の一方または両方に塗布することができる。そのけたの層972を、クランプ1002(例えば、C字形クランプおよび/または当技術分野で知られた他の適切なクランプ)によって、積み重ねプロセス中に所定位置に一時的に保持することができる。
6a上に適切に配置されると、それらの層972を接着硬化サイクル中に以下でさらに詳
細に説明する加圧装置1090などの適切なクランプ締め具を使用して加圧することがで
きる。より具体的には、複数の加圧装置1090をリブ142間のけた部871上に配置
して、硬化プロセス中に層972を一緒に加圧することができる。加圧装置1090を、
以下で図12A〜図15を参照しながらさらに詳細に説明する。
Claims (5)
- 長手方向に延在するスパン方向軸と、前記スパン方向軸を横切って延在する翼弦方向軸と、前記翼弦方向軸および前記スパン方向軸の両方を横切って延在する厚さ方向軸とを有する空力的表面と、
前記空力的表面のための内側の支持をもたらす長手方向に延在する複数のけたと、を含み、
前記複数のけたのうちの少なくとも1つは、予備硬化した複合材料の薄層を含み、該予備硬化した複合材料の薄層は、
予備硬化した繊維強化樹脂製品を含む引き抜き成形品からなる予備硬化した複数の複合部材層と、
互いに隣接する予備硬化した複合部材層の相互間に挿入された複数の接着剤層と、
を含む風力タービンブレード。 - 前記空力的表面は、エーロフォイル断面を画定し、前記長手方向に延在する複数のけたは、圧力けたと、前記厚さ方向軸に沿って互いから間隔をあけて配置されたサクションスパーと、前記翼弦方向軸に沿って前記圧力けたおよびサクションスパーの両方から間隔をあけて配置された後方けたとを含み、前記圧力けた、前記サクションスパー、および前記後方けたはそれぞれ、予備硬化した複合部材の引き抜き成形品の薄層から構成される請求項1に記載の風力タービンブレード。
- 長手方向に間隔をあけて配置された複数のリブをさらに備え、前記少なくとも1つのけたは、前記リブに取り付けられる請求項1に記載の風力タービンブレード。
- 予備硬化した複数の前記複合部材層の周りで円周に沿ってクランプ締めされたストラップをさらに備える請求項1に記載の風力タービンブレード。
- 長手方向に間隔をあけて配置された複数のリブと、
複数のトラス付属部材であって、前記トラス付属部材はそれぞれ、第1の部品および対応する第2の部品を含み、前記第1の部品はそれぞれ、前記予備硬化した複合部材層の一部分を前記第1の部品と前記対応する第2の部品との間で互いにクランプ締めするように、前記対応する第2の部品に取り付けられ、各トラス付属部材の前記第1の部品および前記第2の部品の少なくとも一方は、前記長手方向に間隔をあけて配置されたリブのうちの1つに取り付けられる、複数のトラス付属部材と、
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の風力タービンブレード。
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DK2314445T3 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2018-06-06 | Vestas Wind Sys As | A method of making a composite body and a device for making a composite body |
EP2316629B1 (en) | 2009-10-27 | 2012-05-23 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Modular mould system for manufacturing a shell part |
EP2335908A1 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement to build up a blade |
US20110135485A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2011-06-09 | Jing Wang | Spar for a wind turbine rotor blade and method for fabricating the same |
PT2524134E (pt) | 2010-01-14 | 2014-08-01 | Neptco Inc | Componentes de pá de rotor de turbina eólica e seus processos de fabrico |
GB201002249D0 (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-03-31 | Walters Albert E D | Improvements in or relating to methods of manufacture |
DK2368699T3 (en) | 2010-03-22 | 2019-01-14 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Process for manufacturing a wing bar for a wind turbine |
WO2011117546A1 (fr) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Epsilon Composite | Procede de realisation en continu d'une piece de liaison en materiau composite |
DK2511477T3 (da) | 2011-04-11 | 2014-09-01 | Lm Wp Patent Holding As | Vindmølle med overgangsområde |
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