JP5650409B2 - Triplate type planar antenna - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、マイクロ波帯・ミリ波帯の送受信に用いられるトリプレート型平面アンテナの偏波面制御に関する。 The present invention relates to polarization plane control of a triplate type planar antenna used for transmission / reception of a microwave band and a millimeter wave band.
例えば、マイクロ波帯・ミリ波帯の衛星通信や、衛星放送受信において、衛星側の偏波は、ある不特定の角度の傾きを持った直線偏波である場合が多いが、その場合、地球局側のアンテナの偏波も、その衛星の偏波に合わせて傾ける必要がある。 For example, in satellite communications and reception of satellite broadcasts in the microwave band and millimeter wave band, the polarization on the satellite side is often a linear polarization with a slope of an unspecified angle. It is necessary to tilt the polarization of the antenna on the station side according to the polarization of the satellite.
地球局側アンテナとして平面アンテナを使用する場合、この偏波面制御は、アンテナ全体を衛星方向に直交する面内で回転するのが最も簡単な手段ではあるが、自動車等の移動体に搭載する衛星追尾用平面アンテナでは、アンテナ全体を保護するレドームの高さをできる限り低くする必要があることから、アンテナ全体を回転する方法を使うことはできない。 When a planar antenna is used as the earth station side antenna, this polarization plane control is the simplest means to rotate the entire antenna in a plane orthogonal to the satellite direction. In the tracking planar antenna, it is necessary to make the height of the radome protecting the entire antenna as low as possible, and therefore the method of rotating the entire antenna cannot be used.
そのため、従来から衛星追尾用平面アンテナの偏波面制御は、図５に示されるように、アンテナの放射素子５それぞれを回転する方法が採られてきた（非特許文献１あるいは非特許文献２参照）。 Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, the polarization plane control of the satellite tracking planar antenna has been performed by rotating each of the radiating elements 5 of the antenna (see Non-Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 2). .
しかし、図４、図５に示すようなトリプレート型平面アンテナの場合、給電線路６からの放射を抑圧するため、給電線路６はスロット開口７間の隙間の下側で引き回す必要があるが、図５のように放射素子５が回転していると、引き回す隙間が狭くなり、給電線路６どうしが近接して、線路間結合が大きくなってしまう。 However, in the case of a triplate type planar antenna as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the feed line 6 needs to be routed below the gap between the slot openings 7 in order to suppress radiation from the feed line 6. When the radiating element 5 is rotated as shown in FIG. 5, the gap to be drawn is narrowed, the feed lines 6 are close to each other, and the coupling between the lines is increased.
そのため、各放射素子５への励振分布が所望値から大きくずれて、図６に示すような正面以外の方向に大きなビームが出てしまうという、いわゆるグレーティングローブが発生し、指向性の規定レベルをオーバするという問題点があった。 Therefore, the so-called grating lobe that the excitation distribution to each radiating element 5 deviates greatly from a desired value and a large beam is emitted in a direction other than the front as shown in FIG. 6 occurs, and the prescribed directivity level is reduced. There was a problem of exceeding.
また、所望の偏波面が変更になるごとに、給電線路６の設計を変更する必要があり、容易に偏波面制御ができないという問題点もあった。 Further, every time the desired plane of polarization is changed, the design of the feed line 6 needs to be changed, and there is also a problem that the plane of polarization cannot be controlled easily.
本発明は、上記問題点を鑑みてなされたものであり、指向性のサイドローブレベルの上昇や、利得の低下といったアンテナ性能の低下なしに、配列の基準方向に対する偏波面の角度を容易に所望値に制御することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the angle of the polarization plane with respect to the reference direction of the array can be easily obtained without lowering the antenna performance such as an increase in the sidelobe level of directivity and a decrease in gain. The purpose is to control the value.
本発明に係るトリプレート形平面アンテナは、前記トリプレート形平面アンテナの開口面に積層された誘電体と、前記開口面に誘電体を介して積層され、かつ前記トリプレート平面アンテナの素子の全てに共通に形成された偏波グリッドとを備え、前記偏波グリッドは、前記開口面の基準方向に対して角度θ傾斜し、かつ前記開口面と前記偏波グリッドとで挟まれた領域における実効波長λgの四分の一に亘って前記開口面から隔たった位置に配置されて構成される。 Triplate type planar antenna according to the present invention, the dielectric stacked on the opening surface of the triplate type planar antennas, are stacked via the dielectric on the open face, and all elements of the tri-plate plane antenna and a polarization grid formed in common to the polarization grid, effective at an angle θ inclined with respect to the reference direction of the opening surface, and is sandwiched by the opening surface and the polarization grid area over a quarter of a wavelength λg Ru consists disposed spaced position from said opening surface.
以上説明したように、本発明のトリプレート型平面アンテナによれば、アンテナの性能をほとんど低下させること無く、容易に、偏波面制御を行うことができる。特に、交差偏波識別度特性は、偏波面制御しない場合（偏波グリッド９なしで、配列の基準方向と偏波方向が同じ場合）より、向上することができる。即ち、配列の基準方向に対して、任意の偏波面角度をもつトリプレート型平面アンテナを、従来よりも容易に、しかも、より高性能に、実現することができる。 As described above, according to the triplate type planar antenna of the present invention, polarization plane control can be easily performed without substantially reducing the performance of the antenna. In particular, the cross polarization discrimination characteristic can be improved as compared with the case where the polarization plane control is not performed (without the polarization grid 9 and when the reference direction of the array and the polarization direction are the same). That is, a triplate type planar antenna having an arbitrary polarization plane angle with respect to the reference direction of the arrangement can be realized more easily and with higher performance than in the past.
本発明の好適な実施例について、図を参照して説明する。 A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
高効率な多素子アレーの実現手段として、一般にトリプレート型平面アンテナが提案されているが、本発明にかかるトリプレート型平面アンテナは、図１、図２、図３に実施例として示す構造になっている。 As a means for realizing a high-efficiency multi-element array, a triplate type planar antenna is generally proposed, but the triplate type planar antenna according to the present invention has a structure shown as an example in FIGS. It has become.
つまり、スロット板４あるいは無給電基板１０の面上に、図２に示すように、配列の基準方向に対して所定の角度θ(0＜θ≦45度)だけ傾斜した偏波グリッド９を形成した偏波グリッド基板８を、誘電体２ｃを介して設け、アンテナの偏波面を所望の角度θだけ、回転するようにしたものである。 That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a polarization grid 9 inclined by a predetermined angle θ (0 <θ ≦ 45 degrees) is formed on the surface of the slot plate 4 or the parasitic substrate 10 as shown in FIG. The polarization grid substrate 8 is provided through the dielectric 2c, and the polarization plane of the antenna is rotated by a desired angle θ.
本発明の第１の特徴は、トリプレート型平面アンテナにおいて、給電線路６、及び、放射素子５を、図２のように配列の基準方向と同じ方向に引き回すことができるため、給電線路間の結合によるサイドローブレベルの上昇がほとんどない。 The first feature of the present invention is that, in the triplate type planar antenna, the feed line 6 and the radiating element 5 can be routed in the same direction as the reference direction of the arrangement as shown in FIG. There is almost no increase in side lobe level due to coupling.
また、第２の特徴は、偏波面角度θの制御は、偏波グリッド９を変更するのみでよく、アンテナ回路基板３、スロット板４、及び、無給電基板１０は全く変更する必要がないので、非常に容易に偏波面制御できる。さらに、偏波グリッド９を設けた場合でも、アンテナの正面利得は、偏波グリッド９がない場合とほとんど同じになる。 The second feature is that the polarization plane angle θ can be controlled only by changing the polarization grid 9, and the antenna circuit board 3, the slot board 4 and the parasitic board 10 do not need to be changed at all. The polarization plane can be controlled very easily. Furthermore, even when the polarization grid 9 is provided, the front gain of the antenna is almost the same as when the polarization grid 9 is not provided.
これは、図７に示すように、放射素子５から放射された電波は、偏波グリッド９に垂直な偏波と平行な偏波の２つの偏波成分に、分けることができるが、その垂直な偏波成分は、偏波グリッド９に影響されずそのまま偏波グリッド９を通過し放射されるが、偏波グリッド９に平行な偏波成分は、図８に示すように、直接、偏波グリッド９を通過する直接通過波と、一旦、偏波グリッド９で反射した後、再度、スロット板４等で反射して偏波グリッド９を通過する反射波が、丁度、同振幅逆位相となり、打ち消しあうため、放射されないからである。 As shown in FIG. 7, the radio wave radiated from the radiating element 5 can be divided into two polarization components, ie, a polarization perpendicular to the polarization grid 9 and a polarization parallel to the polarization grid 9. The polarization component is not affected by the polarization grid 9 and is radiated through the polarization grid 9 as it is, but the polarization component parallel to the polarization grid 9 is directly polarized as shown in FIG. The direct passing wave that passes through the grid 9 and the reflected wave that is once reflected by the polarization grid 9 and then reflected again by the slot plate 4 etc. and passes through the polarization grid 9 have exactly the same amplitude and opposite phase, This is because they are not emitted because they cancel each other.
そのため、スロット板４と偏波グリッド９の間隔は、約１／４λg（λg=λ/√εr、λ:自由空間波長、εr:誘電体２ｃの比誘電率）に設定し、偏波グリッド９の間隔Ｓgと太さＷgも偏波グリッド９に水平な偏波成分が、通過するものと反射するもので丁度同じくらいの大きさになるように、適切に設定する必要がある。 Therefore, the interval between the slot plate 4 and the polarization grid 9 is set to about 1 / 4λg (λg = λ / √εr, λ: free space wavelength, εr: relative permittivity of the dielectric 2c), and the polarization grid 9 The spacing Sg and the thickness Wg must be set appropriately so that the polarization components horizontal to the polarization grid 9 are just as large as those passing through and reflecting.
さらに具体的な実施例として、本発明にかかる、図３のような無給電素子付きトリプレート型平面アンテナの構成で、５００素子のアレーアンテナを試作したので説明する。 As a more specific example, a 500-element array antenna having a configuration of a triplate type planar antenna with parasitic elements as shown in FIG. 3 according to the present invention will be described.
本アンテナでは、偏波面を垂直偏波から１０．８度傾けるために、偏波グリッド９を用いた。まず初めに、偏波グリッド９無しの状態で、アンテナ回路基板３、無給電基板１０、スロット板４等の設計をし、それに、スロット板４から、約１／４λg（＝約６ｍｍ）の高さに、誘電体２ｃを介して、偏波グリッド基板８を設けた。 In this antenna, the polarization grid 9 is used to tilt the polarization plane by 10.8 degrees from the vertical polarization. First, the antenna circuit board 3, the parasitic board 10, the slot plate 4, etc. are designed without the polarization grid 9, and the slot plate 4 has a height of about ¼λg (= about 6 mm). In addition, the polarization grid substrate 8 was provided via the dielectric 2c.
ここで、偏波グリッド９の傾き角θは、１０．８度とし、図７に示したグリッド寸法Ｓｇ、Ｗｇは、実験的に調整して、最適値を求めた。 Here, the inclination angle θ of the polarization grid 9 was set to 10.8 degrees, and the grid dimensions Sg and Wg shown in FIG. 7 were experimentally adjusted to obtain optimum values.
上記のようなアンテナを用いて、偏波グリッド基板８を取り付けた場合と取り付けない場合の正面利得（図９）、指向性（図１０）、交差偏波識別度（図１１）、ＶＳＷＲ（図１２）を比較した。 Front gain (FIG. 9), directivity (FIG. 10), cross polarization discrimination (FIG. 11), and VSWR (FIG. 11) when the polarization grid substrate 8 is attached and not attached using the antenna as described above. 12) was compared.
正面利得は、偏波グリッド９あり、なしにかかわらず、ほぼ同じである。偏波グリッド９が、交差偏波を抑圧するためだけに働いているとすれば、偏波グリッド９をつけると、ｃｏｓ（１０．８度）＝０．１５５ｄＢ程度、利得が低下するはずであるが、両者がほぼ一致していることから、偏波グリッド９により、偏波面が回転していることがわかる。 The front gain is almost the same regardless of whether or not the polarization grid 9 is provided. If the polarization grid 9 works only to suppress cross polarization, the gain should decrease by about cos (10.8 degrees) = 0.155 dB when the polarization grid 9 is attached. However, since both are substantially in agreement, it can be seen that the polarization plane is rotated by the polarization grid 9.
また、指向性、ＶＳＷＲは、ほとんど変化がなく、偏波グリッド９をおいても、アンテナ回路基板３、無給電基板１０、スロット板４の変更は、全く必要ないこともわかる。図６のような、グレーティングローブもほとんど出ていない。 In addition, the directivity and the VSWR are hardly changed, and it is understood that the antenna circuit board 3, the parasitic board 10, and the slot board 4 are not necessary at all even if the polarization grid 9 is provided. There are almost no grating lobes as shown in FIG.
さらに、交差偏波識別度に関しては、偏波グリッドを取り付けたことにより、大幅に向上している。図５の従来例のように、素子を回転して偏波を回転するより、大幅に簡単であるにもかかわらず、非常に良好な特性が得られた。 Furthermore, the cross polarization discrimination is greatly improved by attaching a polarization grid. Although it is much simpler than rotating the element to rotate the polarization as in the conventional example of FIG. 5, very good characteristics were obtained.
本発明によれば、前記のように、アンテナの性能をほとんど低下させることなく、容易に偏波面の制御を行うことが可能になり、また、交差偏波識別度特性においては、偏波面制御をしない場合よりも向上するのである。 According to the present invention, as described above, it is possible to easily control the polarization plane without substantially reducing the performance of the antenna, and in the cross polarization discrimination characteristic, the polarization plane control is performed. It will be better than not.
本発明は、図１、図２に示すように、地導体１の面上に、誘電体２ａを介して、放射素子５と給電線路６を形成したアンテナ回路基板３を設置し、さらにその面上に誘電体２ｂを介して、電波放射のためのスロット開口７を有するスロット板４を、各スロット開口７が放射素子５の真上に来るように設置したトリプレート型平面アンテナにおいて、配列基準方向に対して所定の角度θ（０＜θ≦４５度）だけ傾斜した偏波グリッド９を形成した偏波グリッド基板８を、誘電体２ｃを介してスロット板４の面上全体に渡り設けることを特徴としている。 In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an antenna circuit board 3 in which a radiating element 5 and a feed line 6 are formed on a surface of a ground conductor 1 through a dielectric 2a is further provided. In the triplate type planar antenna in which the slot plate 4 having the slot openings 7 for radio wave radiation is disposed on the dielectric 2b so that each slot opening 7 is directly above the radiating element 5, the arrangement reference A polarization grid substrate 8 on which a polarization grid 9 inclined by a predetermined angle θ (0 <θ ≦ 45 degrees) with respect to the direction is formed over the entire surface of the slot plate 4 via the dielectric 2c. It is characterized by.
また本発明は、図３に示すように、スロット板４の上部に誘電体２ｄを介して、無給電素子１１を形成した無給電基板１０を、無給電素子１１が放射素子５及びスロット開口７の真上に来るように設置した、無給電素子付きトリプレート型平面アンテナにおいて、配列に対して所定の角度θ（０＜θ≦４５度）だけ傾斜した偏波グリッド９を形成した偏波グリッド基板８を、誘電体２ｃを介して無給電基板１０の面上全体に渡り設けることを特徴としている。 Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the parasitic substrate 10 in which the parasitic element 11 is formed on the upper portion of the slot plate 4 via the dielectric 2d, the parasitic element 11 is the radiating element 5 and the slot opening 7 is formed. Polarized grid in which a polarized grid 9 is inclined at a predetermined angle θ (0 <θ ≦ 45 degrees) with respect to the arrangement in a triplate type planar antenna with a parasitic element installed so as to be directly above The substrate 8 is provided over the entire surface of the parasitic substrate 10 via the dielectric 2c.
本実施例では偏波グリッド９の傾きの一例として１０．８度としたが、実用に際して様々な傾きを要するものであり、この角度に限定するものではない。 In this embodiment, the inclination of the polarization grid 9 is 10.8 degrees as an example, but various inclinations are required for practical use, and the present invention is not limited to this angle.
１…地導体、
２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃ，２ｄ…誘電体、
３…アンテナ回路基板、
４…スロット板、
５…放射素子、
６…給電線路、
７…スロット開口、
８…偏波グリッド基板、
９…偏波グリッド、
１０…無給電基板、
１１…無給電素子。
1 ... Ground conductor,
2a, 2b, 2c, 2d ... dielectric,
3 ... Antenna circuit board,
4 ... slot plate,
5 ... Radiating element,
6 ... Feed line,
7 ... slot opening,
8 ... Polarized grid substrate,
9 ... Polarized grid,
10 ... parasitic substrate,
11: Parasitic element.
Claims (1)
前記トリプレート平面アンテナの開口面に積層された誘電体と、
前記開口面に誘電体を介して積層され、かつ前記トリプレート平面アンテナの素子の全てに共通に形成された偏波グリッドとを備え、
前記偏波グリッドは、
前記開口面の基準方向に対して角度θ傾斜し、かつ前記開口面と前記偏波グリッドとで挟まれた領域における実効波長λgの四分の一に亘って前記開口面から隔たった位置に配置された
ことを特徴とするトリプレート型平面アンテナ。 In the triplate type planar antenna,
A dielectric layer laminated on the opening surface of the triplate planar antenna ;
A polarization grid laminated on the opening surface via a dielectric , and formed in common for all the elements of the triplate planar antenna ;
The polarization grid is
The angle θ is inclined with respect to the reference direction of the aperture plane , and is disposed at a position separated from the aperture plane over a quarter of the effective wavelength λg in a region sandwiched between the aperture plane and the polarization grid. Was
Triplate type planar antenna characterized by and this.
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| KR102302466B1 (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2021-09-16 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Waveguide slotted array antenna |
| US9977122B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2018-05-22 | The Boeing Company | Multi-function shared aperture array |
| JP6272571B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2018-01-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power supply circuit |
| KR102070402B1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2020-01-28 | (주)탑중앙연구소 | Patch antenna for narrow band antenna module and narrow band antenna module comprising the same |
| KR102070401B1 (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2020-01-28 | (주)탑중앙연구소 | Ultra wideband patch antenna |
| JP7009031B2 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2022-01-25 | 日本無線株式会社 | Circularly polarized shared plane antenna |
| CN108400445A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | A kind of moon base low frequency antenna array based on close coupling structure |
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| JPH05160626A (en) * | 1991-12-10 | 1993-06-25 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Triplate type plane antenna with non-feed element |
| JP2695580B2 (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1997-12-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Polarizer |
| JPH08274539A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-10-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Microstrip array antenna system |
| JP3435916B2 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2003-08-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Phased array antenna device |
| JPH0951225A (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 1997-02-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Millimeter wave band plane antenna |
| JPH10190351A (en) * | 1996-12-25 | 1998-07-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Milli wave plane antenna |
| KR100687913B1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2007-03-02 | 에이앤피테크놀로지 주식회사 | Planar antenna |
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