JP5647514B2 - Stadium with auditorium - Google Patents

Stadium with auditorium Download PDF

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JP5647514B2
JP5647514B2 JP2010294427A JP2010294427A JP5647514B2 JP 5647514 B2 JP5647514 B2 JP 5647514B2 JP 2010294427 A JP2010294427 A JP 2010294427A JP 2010294427 A JP2010294427 A JP 2010294427A JP 5647514 B2 JP5647514 B2 JP 5647514B2
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seats
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audience
roof frame
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岡村　耕治
耕治 岡村
博之 土合
博之 土合
英俊 大越
英俊 大越
亮 朝田
亮 朝田
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Kajima Corp
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本発明は陸上競技場、サッカー場、ラグビー場等、屋外での競技場として使用される観客席付き競技場に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a stadium with a spectator seat used as an outdoor stadium such as an athletic field, a soccer field, a rugby field, and the like.

陸上競技場、サッカー場等、観客席付きの屋外競技場では、観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構は観客席を直射日光と雨水から保護する役目を持つから、その屋根架構が覆う観客席と対になり、その観客席に支持される形で構築される。この場合、各観客席上空を覆う屋根架構が観客席の視界を遮ることがないよう、屋根架構は観客席の後方に立設される柱や壁から片持ち梁式に支持される形式になることが多い（特許文献１〜３参照）。   In outdoor stadiums with spectator seats, such as athletic fields and soccer fields, the roof structure that covers the spectator seats has the role of protecting the spectator seats from direct sunlight and rainwater. It is built in the form supported by the audience seat. In this case, the roof frame is supported in a cantilevered manner from a column or wall standing behind the spectator seat so that the roof frame that covers the sky above each spectator seat does not block the view of the spectator seat. In many cases (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).

サッカー場やラグビー場のようにフィールドが方形状をする関係で、フィールドの外周に沿って配置される観客席が水平二方向を向き、フィールドを二方向から包囲する形態になる場合には、各方向の観客席とその上空を覆う屋根架構はそれぞれの方向毎に組（対）になるため、屋根架構も図９、図１０に示すように水平二方向を向いて架設され、それぞれ下方に位置する観客席に支持される。   When the spectator seats arranged along the outer periphery of the field are oriented in two horizontal directions and surround the field from two directions, because each field has a rectangular shape like a soccer field or a rugby field, The roof frame that covers the audience seats in the direction and the sky above is a pair (pair) for each direction, so the roof frame is also laid in two horizontal directions as shown in Figs. Supported by the audience seats.

陸上競技場ではフィールドの長さ方向（長辺方向）両側に位置するコーナー側観客席の前方（前面）側がトラック形状に応じて湾曲した形状になることが多いが、フィールドの正面側とそれに対向する向こう正面側に位置する観客席の端部とは連続するため、コーナー側観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構がコーナー側観客席に支持される形式になることに変わりはない。   In track and field stadiums, the front (front) side of the corner spectator seats located on both sides of the field length direction (long side direction) is often curved according to the track shape. Since it is continuous with the end of the spectator seat located on the front side, the roof structure covering the sky above the corner spectator seat is still supported by the corner spectator seat.

特開平８−１５１８１４号公報（段落０００９、図１）JP-A-8-151814 (paragraph 0009, FIG. 1) 特開平８−２７７６４３号公報（段落０００６、図３、図７、図９）JP-A-8-277743 (paragraph 0006, FIG. 3, FIG. 7, FIG. 9) 特開平９−１４４１９７号公報（段落０００６〜００１１、図１）JP-A-9-144197 (paragraphs 0006 to 0011, FIG. 1)

図９に示す競技場の配置例のように、二方向の直線部の観客席が交わる隅角部（コーナー部）にも観客席が配置される場合には、隅角部観客席においてはその平面形状から、各段（各列）における客席数が下段側から上段側へかけて増加する関係で、直線部の観客席と隅角部（コーナー部）の観客席とではフィールドの見え方が相違する。   As shown in the example of the stadium arrangement shown in FIG. 9, when the spectator seats are also arranged at the corners (corner portions) where the spectator seats in the two-way straight portions intersect, From the plane shape, the number of seats in each stage (each row) increases from the lower stage side to the upper stage side, so that the view of the field between the straight audience section and the corner audience section (corner section) Is different.

観客席は最後列からの視界がその前列に遮られることがないよう、前段側から後段側へかけて階段式に上方へ迫り上がる形態に形成されるが、直線部観客席ではフィールドに沿った方向の最後列の長さ（各席数）と最前列の長さ（各席数）が等しいことで、最後列からのフィールドに向かう視線の視界に隅角部観客席が入り込むことがないため、フィールドを視野に入れるための視界は最後列からも確保される。   The spectator seat is formed in a form that rises stepwise from the front side to the rear side so that the view from the last row is not obstructed by the front row, but in the straight part spectator seat, it is along the field Because the length of the last row in the direction (number of seats) and the length of the front row (number of seats) are equal, the corner audience seats do not enter the line of sight toward the field from the last row. The field of view for viewing the field is also secured from the last row.

しかしながら、隅角部観客席における最後列からの視界の先には両側に隣接する直線部観客席の端部が存在することから、直線部観客席との対比ではフィールドに対する視界が低下し易いため、フィールドに対する見易さの点では直線部観客席より不利になり、観客席としての価値が落ちる傾向がある。   However, since the end of the view from the last row in the corner portion audience seats is the end of the straight portion audience seats adjacent to both sides, the field view is likely to decrease in comparison with the straight portion audience seats. In terms of visibility to the field, there is a disadvantage compared to the straight section audience seats, and the value as the audience seats tends to decrease.

例えば隅角部観客席の最後列が直線部観客席の端部間を結ぶ直線をなし、隅角部観客席が平面上、三角形状をする場合には、隅角部観客席の最前列から最後列に向かう傾斜面の水平に対する傾斜角度は、直線部観客席における最前列から最後列に向かう傾斜角度より大きくなるから、隅角部観客席の最後列からの視線は直線部観客席よりフィールドを見下ろす状態になる。   For example, if the last row of the corner seats is a straight line connecting the ends of the straight seats, and the corner seats have a triangular shape on the plane, the front row of the corner seats The inclination angle with respect to the horizontal of the inclined surface toward the last row is larger than the inclination angle from the front row to the last row in the straight section audience seats, so the line of sight from the last row of the corner audience seats is more field than the straight section seats. The state that looks down on.

隅角部観客席では直線部観客席よりフィールドを見下ろす視線になることで、見易さが良好であるようにも思えるが、隅角部観客席の最後列からフィールドに視線を向けたときには、最後列から最前列にかけて観客席の幅が狭くなり、その分、視界の両側に直線部観客席が入り込むため、相対的に視界に占めるフィールドの面積が小さくならざるを得ない。従って隅角部観客席の視界は直線部観客席の視界より低下するため、少なくとも観客席として同等の価値があるとは言えない。   In the corner audience seat, it seems that it is easier to see by looking down the field than the straight section audience seat, but when looking at the field from the last row of the corner audience seat, Since the width of the spectator seat is narrowed from the last row to the front row, and the straight portion spectator seat enters the both sides of the view, the area of the field that occupies the view is inevitably reduced. Therefore, since the field of view of the corner part audience seat is lower than the field of view of the straight part audience seat, it cannot be said that it has at least the same value as the audience seat.

また特許文献１〜３のように屋根架構を観客席と一体となった形で構築し、柱等に片持ち梁式に屋根架構を支持する方法では、柱等は平常時に鉛直荷重に加え、鉛直荷重による曲げモーメントを負担せざるを得ない。   In addition, as in Patent Documents 1 to 3, the roof frame is built in a form integrated with the audience seats, and in the method of supporting the roof frame in a cantilevered manner on the columns, the columns are added to the vertical load in normal times, The bending moment due to the vertical load must be borne.

この関係で、柱等には曲げモーメントに抵抗できるだけの断面寸法を与えるか、特許文献３のように曲げモーメントの反力を柱背後のワイヤに負担させるか、あるいは図１０に示すように柱の他に屋根架構を吊り支持するケーブル等の支持部材を架設することが必要になり、屋根架構支持（架設）のための支持構造が大規模化する。   In this relation, the column or the like is provided with a cross-sectional dimension capable of resisting the bending moment, the reaction force of the bending moment is borne by the wire behind the column as in Patent Document 3, or the column of the column as shown in FIG. In addition, it is necessary to install a support member such as a cable for suspending and supporting the roof frame, and the support structure for roof frame support (erection) becomes larger.

本発明は上記背景より、直線部観客席の長さ方向の端部に配置される隅角部施設を観客席として利用したときに、その観客席から見たときのフィールドに対する視界を良好に保ち、隅角部施設の観客席が直線部観客席と同等程度の価値を保有し得る観客席付き競技場を提案するものである。   From the above background, the present invention maintains a good field of view when viewed from the spectator seat when the corner facility located at the end of the straight section spectator seat in the length direction is used as the spectator seat. This is to propose a stadium with spectator seats where the spectator seats in the corner facility can have the same value as the straight seats.

請求項１に記載の発明の観客席付き競技場は、フィールドの周囲に水平二方向に直線部観客席が配置され、この水平二方向の直線部観客席の端部が交差する領域に、前記直線部観客席とは独立した隅角部施設が平面上、少なくともいずれかの前記直線部観客席に隣接して配置され、
前記隅角部施設が前記水平二方向の内、少なくともいずれか一方向に配置された前記直線部観客席の両側に、前記直線部観客席を挟んで配置され、前記直線部観客席の最後列の上面より上方に位置する前記各隅角部施設の上面から、前記直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持し得る柱が立設されていることを構成要件とする。 In the stadium with a spectator seat according to the first aspect of the present invention, a straight section spectator seat is arranged in two horizontal directions around the field, and the end of the two horizontal strait section seats intersects the region. A corner facility independent of the straight section audience seat is disposed adjacent to at least one of the straight section seats on a plane,
The corner facility is disposed on both sides of the straight portion audience seats arranged in at least one of the two horizontal directions with the straight portion seats in between, and the last row of the straight portion seats. From the upper surface of each of the corner facility located above the upper surface, a pillar that can support the roof frame covering the sky above the straight portion audience seats is provided as a constituent requirement.

「直線部観客席」はサッカー場やラグビー場のようにフィールドが方形状をする場合の、フィールドの直線部分である外周に沿って配置される二方向の観客席を指している。「二方向」は主に方形の短辺方向と長辺方向を指すが、フィールドは方形状でない場合もあるため、二方向は直交する方向と直交しない方向がある。   The “straight section spectator seat” refers to a two-way spectator seat arranged along the outer periphery, which is a straight portion of the field, when the field is square like a soccer field or a rugby field. “Two directions” mainly refers to a short side direction and a long side direction of a square. However, since the field may not be a square, there are directions in which the two directions are not orthogonal to the orthogonal direction.

請求項１ではこの二方向の観客席の端部に配置される「隅角部施設」と区別するために、フィールドの外周に沿った観客席に「直線部」の説明を付しているが、観客席の縁、あるいは客席の配列（床）形状が必ずしも直線状であることの意味ではない。よって最前列（前方側）と最後列（後方側）の縁（壁）は必ずしも直線であるとは限らず、湾曲している場合もある。本発明の観客席付き競技場にはフィールドが方形状をするサッカー場等の他、陸上競技場、野球場も含まれる。   In claim 1, in order to distinguish it from the “corner facility” located at the end of the two-way spectator seat, the explanation of “straight portion” is given to the spectator seat along the outer periphery of the field. It does not mean that the edge of the audience seat or the arrangement (floor) shape of the audience seat is linear. Therefore, the edge (wall) of the foremost row (front side) and the last row (rear side) is not necessarily a straight line and may be curved. The stadium with spectator seats of the present invention includes an athletic stadium and a baseball stadium as well as a soccer field having a square field.

「隅角部施設が直線部観客席とは独立した」の「独立」は「構造的に独立した」、あるいは「独立して設計され、設置される」の意味であり、隅角部施設の平面形状、各段（各列）の床の高さと全体的な傾斜角度、座席の配置（配列）等が直線部観客席に制約されず、床面の連続性も必ずしも必要とされない趣旨である。隅角部施設が直線部観客席から独立することで、隅角部施設は直線部観客席とは独立して設置、あるいは構築される。   “Independence” in “The corner facility is independent from the straight seats” means “Structurally independent” or “Independently designed and installed”. Planar shape, floor height and overall inclination angle of each step (each row), seat arrangement (arrangement), etc. are not limited to straight audience seats, and floor surface continuity is not necessarily required. . Since the corner facility is independent of the straight section audience seat, the corner facility is installed or constructed independently of the straight section seat.

「少なくともいずれかの直線部観客席に隣接して」とは、「隅角部施設」は少なくとも直線部観客席の長さ方向の一方の端部に配置されればよく、直線部観客席の長さ方向両側に配置される場合も含む趣旨である。「隅角部施設」は直線部観客席を挟んだ両側に配置される。 “Adjacent to at least one of the straight section seats” means that the “corner facility” may be arranged at least at one end in the length direction of the straight section seats. This is intended to include the case where they are arranged on both sides in the length direction . “Corner corner facilities” are arranged on both sides of the straight section seats.

図９に示すように直線部観客席が水平二方向に配置される場合には、競技場の平面上の四隅位置に隅角部施設が配置されるが、その場合にも隅角部施設は水平二方向の内の少なくとも一方向に隣接する直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持するため、必ずしも二方向に隣接する直線部観客席の各屋根架構を支持するとは限らない。   As shown in FIG. 9, when the straight section spectator seats are arranged in two horizontal directions, corner facilities are arranged at the four corner positions on the plane of the stadium. In order to support the roof frame of the straight portion audience seat that is adjacent in at least one of the two horizontal directions, the roof frame of the straight portion seat that is adjacent in two directions is not necessarily supported.

隅角部施設は直線部観客席から構造的に独立することで、隅角部施設全体が純粋な観客席としての他、観客席以外の、あるいは隅角部施設の一部に観客席を含むエレベータ、階段室、洗面所等のコアとしても利用可能、あるいは一部の観客席に加えてコアを配置する利用も可能である。   The corner facility is structurally independent from the straight auditorium, so that the entire corner facility is a pure spectator seat and includes a spectator seat other than the spectator seat or part of the corner facility. It can also be used as a core for elevators, staircases, washrooms, etc., or it can be used in addition to some spectator seats.

「隅角部施設」の「施設」は観客席とそれ以外の用途を持つ多機能、あるいは多目的（ユニバーサル）の空間を形成し得る構造物であることを意味する。隅角部施設が主として観客席として利用される場合には、床面や客席の高さ（レベル）が直線部観客席から独立して自由に設定可能であるから、複数階（層）に亘って観客席を配置することも可能であり、複数階に亘ることで観客動員数の増加を図ることも可能である。   The “facility” of the “corner facility” means a structure that can form a multi-function or multi-purpose (universal) space having a spectator seat and other uses. When the corner facility is mainly used as a spectator seat, the floor and the height (level) of the seat can be freely set independently from the straight section spectator seat. It is also possible to arrange spectator seats, and it is possible to increase the number of spectators by extending the floors.

隅角部施設が直線部観客席との間で「人の移動が可能な状態」、すなわち隅角部階と直線部観客席との間を人が自由に行き来（往来）可能な状態に、平面上、直線部観客席と連続して配置されていれば（請求項２）、隅角部施設と直線部観客席との間の通路（スロープ、階段を含む）の連続性は確保される。この隅角部施設と直線部観客席との間を行き来可能な通路は隅角部施設の各段（各階）単位で、あるいは各床（各列）単位で確保される必要はなく、少なくともいずれかの段（階）で１本（１列）、形成されればよい。   The corner facility is in a state in which people can move between the straight section audience seats, that is, in a state in which people can freely move between the corner floor and the straight section seats. If it is continuously arranged on the plane with the straight section audience seat (Claim 2), the continuity of the passage (including the slope and the stairs) between the corner facility and the straight section seat is secured. . There is no need to secure a passage between the corner facility and the straight auditorium at each level (each floor) or at every floor (each row) of the corner facility. One line (one row) may be formed on each step (floor).

直線部観客席と隅角部施設は基本的には鉄筋コンクリート造（プレキャストコンクリート、プレストレストコンクリートを含む）、鉄骨造、鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造等により、建物等の構造物と同様に基礎と、観客席を直接支持するスラブと、スラブを支持する梁（桁）、及び梁を支持する柱、壁等を持つ構造体として構築される。   The straight-line auditorium and corner facilities are basically reinforced concrete (including precast concrete and prestressed concrete), steel-frame, steel-frame reinforced concrete, etc. It is constructed as a structure having a supporting slab, a beam (girder) that supports the slab, and a column, wall, and the like that supports the beam.

スラブの上面は客席、通路となる床面を形成し、最前列から最後列へかけて階段状に上方へ迫り上がり、全体としては最前列から最後列へかけて次第に上方へ傾斜する。床面（スラブ）が傾斜することは、観客席が下層側（下層階）と上層側（上層階）とに区分される２階建て以上の階数で構築される場合も同じである。   The upper surface of the slab forms a floor that serves as a passenger seat and a passage. The slab rises upward in a staircase pattern from the front row to the last row, and as a whole, gradually inclines upward from the front row to the last row. The inclination of the floor (slab) is the same when the audience seats are constructed with two or more floors divided into a lower layer (lower floor) and an upper layer (upper floor).

図９に示す従来の競技場のように隅角部施設が直線部観客席に連続する場合には、直線部観客席との間の円滑な行き来（往来）を確保する必要から、隅角部施設の上面（床面）の傾斜角度と各列の床面の高さを直線部観客席の上面（床面）に揃えることが必要になる等の制約を受ける。これに対し、請求項２では平面上、隅角部施設がいずれかの部分（階、列）において直線部観客席と連続しながらも、構造的に独立（分離）していることで、上面（床面）の傾斜角度と高さを直線部観客席と無関係に自由に設定することが可能になる。   In the case where the corner facility is continuous with the straight section spectator seat as in the conventional stadium shown in FIG. 9, it is necessary to ensure smooth traffic between the corner section and the corner section. There is a restriction that the inclination angle of the upper surface (floor surface) of the facility and the height of the floor surface of each row need to be aligned with the upper surface (floor surface) of the straight section audience seats. On the other hand, in claim 2, on the plane, the corner facility is structurally independent (separated) while continuing to the straight section audience seat in any part (floor, row). The inclination angle and height of the (floor surface) can be freely set regardless of the straight section audience seat.

隅角部施設が図９に示すように二方向の直線部観客席の端部が交差する領域に配置される場合にも、隅角部施設を直線部観客席とは無関係に設計できることから、例えば隅角部施設の最前列上面（床面）の高さ（レベル）を直線部観客席の最前列の高さより上方に位置させることで、最前列の高さより上方に位置する最後列の高さを、その視野から両側に隣接する直線部観客席の端部が入り込まない程度に設定することが可能になる。   Even when the corner facility is arranged in a region where the ends of the two-way straight section seats intersect as shown in FIG. 9, the corner facility can be designed independently of the straight section seats, For example, the height (level) of the top surface (floor surface) of the front row of the corner facility is positioned above the height of the front row of the straight section audience seats, so that the height of the last row located above the height of the front row It is possible to set the height so that the ends of the straight portion audience seats adjacent to both sides from the field of view do not enter.

この場合、隅角部施設の最後列からフィールドを見たときの視界の中から両側の直線部観客席の端部が排除されることになる。隅角部施設の最後列の視界から直線部観客席を排除できることで、視界が従来の隅角部施設からの視界より良好になり、隅角部施設に直線部観客席と同等の価値を与えることが可能になる。   In this case, the ends of the straight section audience seats on both sides are excluded from the field of view when the field is viewed from the last row of the corner facility. The ability to eliminate straight section spectator seats from the last line of sights at the corner facility will provide better visibility than conventional corner facilities and provide the corner facility with the same value as the straight spectator seats. It becomes possible.

隅角部施設の上面の高さ等を直線部観客席の上面と無関係に設定しながらも、直線部観客席のいずれかの段（列）と連続する、例えば同一レベルの通路、スロープ、階段を直線部観客席に連続して形成することで、直線部観客席との間の円滑な往来を確保することが可能である。隅角部施設と直線部観客席との間での人の往来が自由に行われることで、直線部観客席への人の入り口を隅角部施設に形成することも可能になり、入場時と退場時の動線を分散化させ、火災発生時等の非常事態時の避難誘導路を多く確保することも可能になる。   While setting the height of the upper surface of the corner facility regardless of the upper surface of the straight section audience seat, it is continuous with one of the steps (rows) of the straight section seat, for example, the same level passages, slopes, stairs Can be formed continuously with the straight section audience seats to ensure smooth traffic between the straight section audience seats. By allowing people to freely move between the corner facility and the straight auditorium, it is possible to form the entrance to the straight auditorium in the corner facility. It is also possible to decentralize the traffic flow when leaving and to secure a large number of evacuation guideways in case of emergency such as a fire.

前記のように隅角部施設における最後列の客席が直線状をなし、隅角部施設が平面上、三角形状をする場合には、最後列から最前列を含む傾斜面の水平に対する角度は直線部の観客席における最後列から最前列を含む傾斜面の水平に対する角度より大きくなるから、隅角部施設の観客席の最後列からの視線は直線部の観客席よりフィールドを見下ろす傾向が強まる。一方、隅角部施設が図９に示すような台形状である場合には、最後列から最前列に向かう直線の長さを直線部と等しくすることができるため、隅角部施設の上面の傾斜角度を直線部観客席の上面の傾斜角度と等しくすることは可能である。   As described above, when the last row of seats in the corner facility has a straight line shape and the corner facility has a triangular shape on a plane, the angle from the last row to the horizontal of the inclined surface including the front row is a straight line. The angle from the last row to the horizontal of the inclined surface including the foremost row in the spectator seat of the section is larger than the angle of the sight line from the last row of the spectator seat in the corner facility, and the tendency to look down on the field from the spectator seat in the straight portion. On the other hand, when the corner facility is trapezoidal as shown in FIG. 9, the length of the straight line from the last row to the front row can be made equal to the straight portion. It is possible to make the inclination angle equal to the inclination angle of the upper surface of the straight section audience seat.

また請求項１では隅角部施設が直線部観客席から独立することで、構造的にも直線部観客席から分離、独立した構造体として隅角部施設を構築（設置）することができるため、上面（床面）の高さと傾斜等の設定と併せ、直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を直線部観客席の長さ方向両側に位置する隅角部施設に支持させることの、屋根架構支持形式の自由度が生ずる。   Further, in claim 1, since the corner facility is independent from the straight section audience seat, the corner facility can be constructed (installed) as a separate structure from the straight section seat. In addition to setting the height and inclination of the upper surface (floor surface), the roof structure that covers the sky above the straight section audience seats is supported by corner facilities located on both sides of the length of the straight section seats. Freedom of frame support type occurs.

隅角部施設が直線部観客席に構造的に連続し、隅角部施設の各上面（床面）の高さと全体的な傾斜角度が直線部観客席に揃えられる場合には、直線部観客席の屋根架構を隅角部施設に支持させることには設計上、無理がある。   If the corner facility is structurally continuous to the straight section audience, and the height and overall tilt angle of each top surface (floor surface) of the corner facility is aligned with the straight section audience seat, then the straight section audience It is impossible in design to support the roof structure of the seat in the corner facility.

直線部観客席の最後列の上方には、人が立ち上がった姿勢での屋根架構との衝突を回避するための空間を確保する必要があり、その最低限の屋根架構の高さを維持しながら、同じ高さ（レベル）の床面を持つ両側の隅角部施設に屋根架構を支持させることは困難である。この関係で、前記の通り、図９に示すように直線部観客席後方の柱や壁から片持ち梁式に直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持させることが合理的な方法になる。   It is necessary to secure a space above the last row of the straight section seats to avoid a collision with the roof frame in a posture where a person stands up, while maintaining the minimum height of the roof frame It is difficult to support the roof frame in the corner facilities on both sides having the same level (level) floor surface. In this relation, as described above, as shown in FIG. 9, it is a rational method to support the roof frame that covers the sky above the straight part audience seat in a cantilever manner from the pillar or wall behind the straight part audience seat. .

これに対し、請求項１では隅角部施設の上面（床面）の高さと全体的な傾斜角度を直線部観客席とは無関係に、自由に設定できることから、隅角部施設の上面を直線部観客席の上面より高いレベルに設定することで、直線部観客席の最後列の上方に余裕のための空間を確保しながらも、直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設間に屋根架構を架設することが可能になる。隅角部施設は水平二方向の内、少なくともいずれか一方向に配置された直線部観客席の両側に、直線部観客席を挟んで配置され、各隅角部施設に、直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持し得る柱が立設される。 On the other hand, since the height of the upper surface (floor surface) and the overall inclination angle of the corner facility can be freely set regardless of the straight section audience seat, the upper surface of the corner facility is straightened. By setting the level higher than the upper surface of the section audience seat, the space between the corner facilities on both sides across the straight section audience seat is ensured while ensuring a space above the last row of the straight section seat. A roof frame can be installed . The corner facility is placed on both sides of the straight section seats arranged in at least one of the two horizontal directions, with the straight section seats in between, and each corner facility has a straight section seat. Pillars that can support the roof frame covering the sky are erected .

「屋根架構を支持し得る柱」とは、隅角部施設に立設される場合の柱は主として直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持する目的で立設されるものの、必ずしも屋根架構を支持せず、客席やカメラ席の設置の目的で立設されることもある趣旨である。   “A column that can support a roof frame” means that the column when standing in a corner facility is erected mainly for the purpose of supporting the roof frame that covers the sky above the straight audience seats. It is intended that it may be erected for the purpose of installing a passenger seat or a camera seat.

請求項１では直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設の柱間に直線部観客席上空を覆う屋根架構を架設することができることで、直線部観客席の後方に屋根架構を支持するための柱や壁を設置する必要が解消される。この結果、柱等の立設分の奥行き方向の空間を直線部観客席に与えることができるため、直線部観客席の列数（床数）と座席数を従来の直線部観客席より増加させ、観客動員数を上げることに寄与することにもなる。 In claim 1 , a roof frame that covers the sky above the straight part audience seat can be installed between the pillars of the corner facility on both sides across the straight part audience seat, so that the roof frame is supported behind the straight part audience seat. The need to install pillars and walls is eliminated. As a result, the space in the depth direction for standing uprights such as pillars can be given to the straight section audience seats, so the number of rows (number of floors) and the number of seats in the straight section audience seats are increased from the conventional straight section seats. It will also contribute to increasing the number of spectators.

直線部観客席後方の柱や壁を不在にできることで、上記した列数の増加が可能になる他、直線部観客席自体の平面形状、各列の床の配置、組み合わせ、高さ（レベル）の設計の自由度も増すため、直線部観客席の座席数を増加させながらも、あるいは維持しながらも、一人分の座席の占有面積を拡大する、または座席の配列に変化を持たせる等、直線部観客席の自由な設計の可能性が高まることになる。   The absence of the pillars and walls behind the straight section seats allows the number of rows to be increased, as well as the planar shape of the straight section seats themselves, the layout, combination, and height (level) of each floor. In order to increase the degree of freedom of design, the number of seats in the straight section spectator seats can be increased or maintained, the occupied area of seats for one person can be expanded, or the arrangement of seats can be changed, etc. The possibility of free design of the straight section audience seats will increase.

請求項１では直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を、それを挟んだ両側の隅角部施設間に架設することができることで、隅角部施設に立設され、直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する柱は直線部観客席の後方に立設された柱が支持する場合のように、屋根架構を片持ち梁式に支持する必要がなくなるため、隅角部施設の柱は直線部観客席の屋根架構による曲げモーメントを負担する必要から解放される。 In claim 1 , a roof frame covering the sky above the straight part audience seat can be installed between the corner part facilities on both sides of the roof frame, so that the roof of the straight part audience seat is installed. The column supporting the frame is a straight section because it is no longer necessary to support the roof frame in a cantilevered manner, as is the case with a column standing behind the audience seat. Freed from the need to bear the bending moment due to the roof structure of the auditorium.

従って隅角部施設の柱は平常時には純粋に直線部観客席の屋根架構の鉛直荷重のみを負担すればよく、地震時に水平荷重を負担すればよい構造的な利点が生まれる。結果として、隅角部施設の柱に曲げモーメントに抵抗できるだけの断面寸法を与える必要がなく、柱が負担すべき曲げモーメントを低減させるためのワイヤを併用する必要もないため、屋根架構支持（架設）のための支持構造（柱、あるいは柱を含む構造）が簡素化される。   Therefore, the pillars of the corner facilities need to bear only the vertical load of the roof structure of the straight audience seats in normal times, and there is a structural advantage that the horizontal load should be borne in the event of an earthquake. As a result, it is not necessary to give the pillars of the corner facility sufficient cross-sectional dimensions to resist bending moments, and it is not necessary to use wires to reduce the bending moment that the columns should bear. ) Support structure (a pillar or a structure including a pillar) is simplified.

このように直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持する柱を隅角部施設に立設することで、隅角部施設の柱を屋根架構の幅方向（奥行き方向）の中間部位置に配置すれば、柱は平常時に屋根架構を安定して支持することができるため、屋根架構の鉛直荷重による曲げモーメントを負担しないで済む状態を得ることができる。柱が屋根架構による曲げモーメントの負担から解放されることで、柱の頭部（頂部）と屋根架構との接合部の取り合いが簡素化される利点も得られる。 In this way, the pillar supporting the roof structure covering the sky above the straight section audience seats is erected in the corner facility, so that the column of the corner facility is positioned at the intermediate position in the width direction (depth direction) of the roof structure. If it arrange | positions, since a pillar can support a roof frame stably in normal times, the state which does not need to bear the bending moment by the vertical load of a roof frame can be obtained. By releasing the column from the burden of the bending moment caused by the roof frame, there is also an advantage that the joint between the column head (top) and the roof frame is simplified.

隅角部施設柱が直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する場合の最も一般的な方法は図１０に示すように直線部観客席を挟んだ隅角部施設に立設された柱間にケーブルを懸垂させた状態で（懸垂曲線状に）架設し、このケーブルに吊り橋式に屋根架構を支持させる方法であると考えられる。   As shown in FIG. 10, the most common method when the corner facility column supports the roof structure of the straight portion audience seat is to connect a cable between the pillars erected in the corner facility sandwiching the straight portion seat. It is thought that this is a method in which the cable is suspended (in the form of a suspended curve) and the roof frame is supported by this cable in a suspension bridge type.

しかしながら、懸垂曲線状のケーブルが直接、屋根架構を支持する場合には、ケーブルと屋根架構との接合点（支点）の数が多くなるため、施工が煩雑化せざるを得ない。また懸垂曲線状のケーブル自体は風に対する安定性（曲げ剛性及び捩り剛性）を持たず、屋根架構に剛性を付与する機能を持たないため、風によるケーブル自身の揺れと屋根架構のばたつきを防止するための手段を別途、必要とするため、全体としては却って構造が複雑化する可能性がある。   However, when the cable having a catenary curve directly supports the roof frame, the number of junctions (fulcrum points) between the cable and the roof frame increases, and thus the construction must be complicated. In addition, the suspension-curved cable itself does not have wind stability (bending rigidity and torsional rigidity), and does not have a function to give rigidity to the roof frame, thus preventing the cable itself from shaking due to the wind and the roof frame from flapping. Therefore, there is a possibility that the structure becomes complicated as a whole.

なお、図１０に示す従来例では二方向の直線部観客席の端部（隅角部）位置には隅角部施設が配置されていない（存在しない）ため、直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持している柱（ポスト）は観客席に立設されている訳ではない。図１０の例では隅角部に直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する柱を設置するためにのみ、隅角部の空間を利用しているため、隅角部施設の配置、すなわち座席数の確保を犠牲にしている。   In the conventional example shown in FIG. 10, since the corner facility is not disposed at the end (corner portion) position of the two-way straight section seat, the roof structure of the straight section seat is provided. The supporting pillars (posts) are not erected in the audience seats. In the example of FIG. 10, the corner space is used only to install a pillar supporting the roof structure of the straight audience seat at the corner, so the arrangement of corner facilities, that is, the number of seats At the expense of securing.

これに対し、本発明（請求項１）では直線部観客席の端部位置に隅角部施設を配置した上で、その隅角部施設を直線部観客席から独立させることで、直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持するための柱の配置にも利用することを可能にしている。併せて直線部観客席から屋根架構支持のための柱等を不在にできることで、直線部観客席において客席数の増加が図られるため、隅角部施設の配置による座席数は従来以上に確保される。 On the other hand, in the present invention (Claim 1), the corner facility is arranged at the end position of the straight portion audience seat, and the corner facility is made independent of the straight portion seat, thereby allowing the straight portion audience. It can also be used to place columns to support the roof structure of the seat . In addition, the number of seats in the straight section audience seats can be increased by eliminating the pillars etc. for supporting the roof frame from the straight section seats. The

また請求項１では直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持するための柱を、直線部観客席から独立した隅角部施設に立設することで、直線部観客席の上面（床面）より上方に位置する隅角部施設の上面（床面）から柱を立ち上げることができるため、柱自体の高さ（柱の脚部から頂部までの距離、あるいは柱頂部の絶対的高さ）を図１０の例と同等程度に抑えながらも、直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設の柱間に、直線部観客席の屋根架構を吊り支持するための梁部材を架設することが可能である（請求項３）。 Further, in claim 1 , a column for supporting the roof structure of the straight portion audience seat is set up at a corner facility independent of the straight portion seat, so that it is above the upper surface (floor surface) of the straight portion seat. Since the column can be raised from the top surface (floor surface) of the corner facility located at, the height of the column itself (distance from the leg to the top of the column or the absolute height of the column top) It is possible to install a beam member to suspend and support the roof structure of the straight part audience seat between the pillars of the corner facility on both sides across the straight part audience seat, while suppressing to the same level as the 10 examples (Claim 3 ).

直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設の柱間に梁部材を架設する場合（請求項３）、屋根架構は柱の脚部から頂部までの区間のいずれかのレベルに位置するが、柱の高さを抑えながら、梁部材を架設することができる理由は、柱の脚部のレベル（水準）を地表面より上の、直線部観客席の上面より上に位置させることができることに起因する。柱の脚部が直線部観客席より上に位置することで、柱の脚部から頂部までの区間の、屋根架構より上方に梁部材を配置するための空間を確保することが可能であり、柱の頂部より下に屋根架構を配置し、その上に梁部材を配置することが可能であることに基づく。 When beam members are installed between the columns of the corner facility on both sides across the straight section audience seat (Claim 3 ), the roof frame is located at any level in the section from the leg to the top of the column. The reason why the beam member can be installed while suppressing the height of the column is that the level of the leg part of the column can be positioned above the ground surface and above the upper surface of the straight audience seat caused by. It is possible to secure a space for placing the beam member above the roof frame in the section from the leg part to the top part of the pillar because the leg part of the pillar is located above the straight part audience seat, This is based on the fact that a roof frame can be arranged below the top of the column and a beam member can be arranged thereon.

請求項３では直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設の柱間に梁部材が架設されることで、梁部材を屋根架構にその幅方向中央位置で一体構造化すれば、柱は直接的には梁部材を単純に支持すればよいことになり、図１０の例のようにケーブルから支持する場合のような多数の支点が不要になる。またケーブルに代わる梁部材をトラスで構成するか、複数の部材を組み合わせる等に梁部材自体に曲げ剛性と捩り剛性を持たせることができるため、剛性のないケーブルを使用する場合のように、風を受けることによる自らの揺れと屋根架構のばたつきを防止するための手段を別途、付加する必要がない。 In claim 3 , if a beam member is installed between the pillars of the corner facility on both sides across the straight section audience seat, and the beam member is integrated with the roof frame at the center in the width direction, the column is It is only necessary to simply support the beam member directly, and a large number of supporting points as in the case of supporting from the cable as in the example of FIG. 10 are not necessary. In addition, a beam member that replaces the cable can be configured with a truss, or the beam member itself can have bending rigidity and torsional rigidity by combining multiple members. There is no need to add another means for preventing the shaking of the roof frame and the swinging of the roof frame.

この場合、屋根架構自体に曲げ剛性と捩り剛性を持たせておいた上で、その屋根架構と梁部材を一体構造化することで、屋根架構自体に加え、屋根架構を支持する梁部材と柱の風に対する形態安定性が確保される。   In this case, the roof frame itself has bending rigidity and torsional rigidity, and the roof frame and beam members are integrated into a single structure, so that in addition to the roof frame itself, beam members and columns that support the roof frame. The form stability against wind is ensured.

梁部材にも曲げ剛性と捩り剛性を付与しておくことで、梁部材は直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する機能から、梁部材に人の通行が可能な程度の規模を持たせることも可能になるため、梁部材の内部を、隣接する柱間を移動するための通路、または観客席、カメラ席等として利用することも可能である。結果的に直線部観客席と隅角部施設に加え、観客席の数を更に増加させることと、観客席に付加的な演出効果を付与する効果も生まれる。   By adding bending rigidity and torsional rigidity to the beam members, the beam members can support the roof structure of the straight section audience seats, so that the beam members can have a scale that allows people to pass. Therefore, the inside of the beam member can be used as a passage for moving between adjacent columns, a spectator seat, a camera seat, or the like. As a result, in addition to the straight section spectator seats and the corner facility, the number of spectator seats can be further increased, and the effect of adding an additional effect to the spectator seats can be produced.

また屋根架構の幅方向（奥行き方向）の中央部において梁部材が屋根架構を支持する状態で、梁部材と屋根架構が一体化することで、梁部材と柱が曲げモーメントの負担から解放されるため、屋根架構自体がその自重によって柱等に生じさせる曲げモーメントの反力を得るための余分な奥行きを持つ必要がなくなり、屋根架構の幅を短縮することも可能になる。   Also, the beam member and the column are released from the burden of bending moment by integrating the beam member and the roof frame in a state where the beam member supports the roof frame in the center of the width direction (depth direction) of the roof frame. Therefore, it is not necessary for the roof frame itself to have an extra depth for obtaining the reaction force of the bending moment generated in the column or the like by its own weight, and the width of the roof frame can be shortened.

屋根架構が柱や壁から片持ち梁状態でフィールド側へ張り出す場合、柱等に作用する曲げモーメントを低減するために、特許文献３のように屋根架構の一部を柱等の後方側へ張り出させた状態にすることがある。この場合、図５に示すように曲げモーメントの相殺のために後方側へ張り出す分、屋根架構の幅を拡大することになるから、屋根架構の自重が増加する分、柱等の負担が大きくなるため、柱等の断面を増すことが必要になることもある。   When the roof frame projects from the column or wall to the field side in a cantilevered state, a part of the roof frame is moved to the rear side of the column as in Patent Document 3 in order to reduce the bending moment acting on the column. May overhang. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the width of the roof frame is expanded by the amount protruding to the rear side in order to cancel the bending moment. Therefore, the load on the pillars and the like is increased by the increase in the weight of the roof frame. Therefore, it may be necessary to increase the cross section of the pillars and the like.

図５は従来の直線部観客席とその上空を覆う屋根架構の架設状態と、本発明の直線部観客席と屋根架構の架設状態を対比して示している。図５では従来の屋根架構を支持する柱の断面より本発明の屋根架構を支持する柱の断面が大きくなっているが、その理由は本発明の柱が人の昇降を想定していることによる。   FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the installation state of the conventional straight section spectator seat and the roof frame covering the sky and the installation state of the straight section spectator seat and the roof frame of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the cross section of the column supporting the roof frame of the present invention is larger than the cross section of the column supporting the conventional roof frame, because the column of the present invention is assumed to lift and lower people. .

これに対し、請求項１では直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する柱が隅角部施設に配置されることと、その柱が曲げモーメントを負担せずに済むことで、屋根架構を柱の後方側へ張り出させることも必要でなくなるため、結果的に屋根架構の幅を短縮し、屋根架構の軽量化を図ることが可能になり、併せて柱の負担が軽減されることで、柱の断面を縮小化することが可能になる。 On the other hand, in claim 1 , the pillar supporting the roof structure of the straight portion audience seat is disposed in the corner facility, and the pillar does not have to bear the bending moment, so that the roof structure is made of the pillar. Since it is no longer necessary to project to the rear side, the width of the roof frame can be reduced as a result, and the weight of the roof frame can be reduced. It becomes possible to reduce the cross section of the.

また従来の屋根架構を支持する柱等は客席からの視界を遮らないようにする必要から、図５に示すように直線部観客席の後方に配置されるが、請求項１では直線部観客席の屋根架構を支持する柱を直線部観客席ではなく、隅角部施設に配置することができることで、直線部観客席への柱の立設に伴う、直線部観客席での視界への影響は生じない。 Also pillar or the like for supporting a conventional roof Frames the need to not block the view of the audience, but is located behind the straight portion auditorium as shown in FIG. 5, the straight portion auditorium in claim 1 Can be placed in the corner facility instead of the straight-line auditorium, and the impact on the visibility of the straight-line auditorium due to the standing of the pillar in the straight-line auditorium Does not occur.

隅角部施設に柱を立設しても、その柱は梁部材を架設する場合（請求項３）において、上記のように梁部材の内部を観客席、あるいは通路として利用する場合に、その梁部材との間の移動のための通路になることが柱の立設に伴う特典になり得るから、特典と引き替えとしての柱の存在の意味から、隅角部施設への柱の立設が客席へ与える心理的影響は緩和される。 Even when a pillar is erected in a corner facility, when the beam member is installed as a beam member (Claim 3 ), when the interior of the beam member is used as a spectator seat or a passage as described above, Since it can be a privilege associated with the standing of the pillar to become a passage for movement between the beam members, from the meaning of the existence of the pillar as a replacement for the benefit, the standing of the pillar at the corner facility is The psychological impact on the audience is alleviated.

そこで、梁部材を屋根架構の幅方向（奥行き方向）の中間部に配置すれば、屋根架構を支持する柱は前記のように屋根架構の鉛直荷重を負担すればよく、曲げモーメントを負担する必要がない。従って曲げモーメントの相殺のための幅の拡大も生じないため、屋根架構は直線部観客席の全幅を覆う程度の面積（幅）を持てばよく、必要最小の面積（幅）に抑えることが可能になる。逆に、従来の屋根架構が必要としていた曲げモーメントの相殺分の幅を排除（削除）した屋根架構の面積（幅）に合わせて直線部観客席の幅（奥行き）を設定することで、競技場に占める直線部観客席の幅を抑えることも可能になる。   Therefore, if the beam member is arranged in the middle of the width direction (depth direction) of the roof frame, the pillar supporting the roof frame only needs to bear the vertical load of the roof frame as described above, and it is necessary to bear the bending moment. There is no. Therefore, there is no expansion of the width for canceling the bending moment, so the roof frame only needs to have an area (width) that covers the entire width of the spectator seat in the straight section, and can be suppressed to the minimum necessary area (width). become. Conversely, by setting the width (depth) of the straight section spectator seats to match the area (width) of the roof frame, which eliminates (deletes) the amount of bending moment offset required by the conventional roof frame, competition It is also possible to reduce the width of the straight section audience seats that occupy the venue.

曲げモーメントの相殺分を持つ従来の屋根架構の幅に合わせた幅を直線部観客席に与えた場合には、図５に示すように直線部観客席の幅を大きく取ることができたため、必要以上に競技場の占有面積を拡大する要因になっていた。図５は前記のように従来の直線部観客席及びその上空を覆う屋根架構と、本発明の直線部観客席及び屋根架構の対比を示している。   Necessary because the width of the straight section audience seat can be made large as shown in Fig. 5 when the width corresponding to the width of the conventional roof frame with the offset of the bending moment is given to the straight section seat. As a result, it was a factor that increased the occupying area of the stadium. FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the conventional straight section spectator seat and the roof frame covering the sky above the conventional straight section spectator seat and the roof frame of the present invention.

これに対し、本発明では屋根架構の幅の縮小に合わせて直線部観客席の幅を設定する前提で、例えば直線部観客席を図９−（ｂ）に示す従来のスロープ式に代え、図１−（ｃ）、図５に示すように２階以上の複数階建て式にすれば、直線部観客席の幅を縮小することが実現されるため、競技場全体での占有面積を縮小することにも繋がる。   On the other hand, in the present invention, on the premise that the width of the straight section spectator seat is set in accordance with the reduction of the width of the roof frame, for example, the straight section spectator seat is replaced with the conventional slope type shown in FIG. 1- (c) As shown in FIG. 5, if the multi-storey structure is constructed with two or more floors, it is possible to reduce the width of the straight section spectator seats, so the area occupied by the entire stadium is reduced. It also leads to things.

競技場全体での占有面積の縮小化により、競技場を含めた敷地に一定の面積を確保しておくことで、競技場の完成後、敷地内の直線部観客席の後方側に、観客動員数の増加の要請に応じ、追加の観客席を増設することが可能であり、競技場の将来的な計画変更にも対応可能になる。   By reducing the area occupied by the entire stadium, by securing a certain area on the site including the stadium, after the stadium is completed, spectator mobilization In response to requests for an increase in the number of seats, additional spectator seats can be added and future plans for the stadium can be changed.

直線部観客席を複数階建てにする場合には、上段（上層）側の観客席をフィールド側に接近させることができ、最後列の観客席にも臨場感を味わわせることができることに加え、下段（下層）側と上段（上層）側との間の空間を利用して開口を形成することで、フィールドと競技場外部との間の通気（通風）を確保する利点も得られる。フィールドと競技場外部との間の通気は後述のように直線部観客席の底面との間を通じても行われる（請求項４）。 In the case where the straight section spectator seats are multi-storied, the upper (upper) spectator seats can be brought closer to the field side, and the last row spectator seats can also feel a sense of reality, By forming the opening using the space between the lower (lower) side and the upper (upper) side, an advantage of ensuring ventilation (ventilation) between the field and the outside of the stadium can be obtained. Ventilation between the field and the outside of the stadium is also performed between the bottom of the straight section spectator seats as described later (claim 4 ).

従来のスロープ式の直線部観客席では最前列から最後列へかけて次第に上方へ向かう傾斜を持つため、屋根架構の架設高さ（レベル）は屋根架構を支持する柱や壁が立設される位置である最後列の幅方向の位置と高さによって決まる。従って屋根架構に一定の高さ（レベル）を確保するには、直線部観客席にある程度の幅（奥行き）を持たせることが必要であり、直線部観客席の屋根架構を直線部観客席に支持させる以上、競技場の敷地面積の縮小化には限界があった。   In the conventional slope type straight section spectator seats, since the slope is gradually upward from the front row to the last row, the height of the roof frame (level) is erected with columns and walls that support the roof frame It is determined by the position and height in the width direction of the last row as the position. Therefore, in order to secure a certain height (level) in the roof frame, it is necessary to give the straight part audience seats a certain width (depth). As long as it was supported, there was a limit to reducing the site area of the stadium.

これに対し、隅角部施設に柱が立設される請求項１では直線部観客席が屋根架構の支持から解放されることに伴い、直線部観客席を複数階建てにすることができる結果、同一数の客席数を確保しながらも、直線部観客席の幅を抑えることができるため、競技場の敷地面積を縮小化することが可能になる。 Results contrast, that due to the claim 1, the linear portion auditorium pillars corner facility erected is released from the support of the roof Frames can be straight portion auditorium multiple story While the same number of seats can be secured, the width of the straight section seats can be reduced, so that the site area of the stadium can be reduced.

更に直線部観客席の屋根架構を直線部観客席後方の柱等が支持する場合に、特許文献３のように屋根架構のフィールド側の端部である先端部をケーブル（ワイヤ）が吊り支持する場合にはケーブルの他方側の端部を柱等に連結することになる。この場合、ケーブルは屋根架構の先端部の垂れ下がりを防止するために、先端部を上方へ引き上げた（吊り上げた）状態で支持することになるため、柱側からすれば、屋根架構の先端部は跳ね上げ状態で直線部観客席上空を覆うことになり、屋根架構の最上部の高さ（屋根高）が高くなる。   Furthermore, when the roof frame of the straight portion audience seat is supported by a pillar or the like behind the straight portion audience seat, a cable (wire) suspends and supports the front end portion of the roof frame on the field side as in Patent Document 3. In some cases, the other end of the cable is connected to a pillar or the like. In this case, the cable is supported in a state where the tip is lifted up (lifted) to prevent the tip of the roof frame from hanging down. Therefore, from the column side, the tip of the roof frame is The sky above the straight section seats will be covered in the flipped state, and the height of the uppermost part of the roof frame (roof height) will increase.

これに対し、請求項１では屋根架構の曲げモーメントを相殺させるためのワイヤを要しないことで、屋根架構を跳ね上げた状態で支持する必要がなく、屋根架構の上面、もしくは下面を、あるいは屋根架構の全体を、水平面をなすように架設することができるため、屋根架構の最上部の高さ（屋根高）を低く抑えることが可能である。屋根高を低く設定できることで、入射角度の小さい直射日光の直線部観客席への射し込みを遮断し易くなるため、観客席を例えば日没前の日差しの眩しさから解放させる利点も得られる。 On the other hand, in Claim 1 , since the wire for canceling the bending moment of the roof frame is not required, it is not necessary to support the roof frame in a state of being flipped up, and the upper surface or the lower surface of the roof frame or the roof Since the entire frame can be installed so as to form a horizontal plane, the height of the uppermost part of the roof frame (roof height) can be kept low. Since the roof height can be set low, the direct sunlight with a small incident angle can be easily blocked from entering the straight portion audience seat, so that an advantage of releasing the audience seat from, for example, the glare of sunlight before sunset can be obtained.

この他、請求項１では隅角部施設の上面（床面）の高さを自由に設定できることに起因し、直線部観客席の最後列の上方に空間を確保した屋根架構を直線部観客席ではなく、隅角部施設に支持させることができることで、直線部観客席の上面のレベルを隅角部施設の上面のレベルに揃えて低く設定する必要がなくなる。   In addition, in claim 1, the height of the upper surface (floor surface) of the corner facility can be freely set, so that the roof frame having a space above the last row of the straight portion audience seats is provided with the straight portion audience seats. Instead, since it can be supported by the corner facility, it is not necessary to set the level of the upper surface of the straight section audience seats to be the same as the level of the upper surface of the corner facility.

この結果、隅角部施設と直線部観客席が連続している場合より、直線部観客席の上面のレベルを上方に位置させることができるため、直線部観客席の最前列の下方に空間（空隙）を確保し、フィールドと競技場の外部（直線部観客席の背後）の空間を直線部観客席の底面を通じて連通させることが可能になる（請求項４）。 As a result, since the level of the upper surface of the straight section spectator seat can be positioned higher than when the corner facility and the straight section spectator seat are continuous, the space ( It is possible to secure a space between the field and the outside of the stadium (behind the straight section audience seat) through the bottom of the straight section seat (Claim 4 ).

請求項４では直線部観客席が少なくともフィールドを挟んだ両側に配置され、この両直線部観客席の最前列の底面とフィールドの表面との間に通気のための空隙が確保されることにより、この両直線部観客席の底面を通じてフィールド外とフィールド内とが連通するため、フィールド上に競技場外部の空気を常に通過させる状態を得ることができ、フィールドに敷き詰められる天然芝の成長と育成の寄与にも繋がる。 In claim 4 , the straight portion audience seats are arranged at least on both sides across the field, and a space for ventilation is secured between the bottom surface of the front row of both straight portion seats and the surface of the field, Since the outside of the field and the inside of the field communicate with each other through the bottom surface of the two straight section spectator seats, it is possible to obtain a state in which the air outside the stadium always passes on the field, and the growth and development of the natural turf laid on the field It also leads to contribution.

二方向の直線部観客席の端部が交差する領域に配置される隅角部施設を直線部観客席とは独立させていることで、隅角部施設の上面（床面）の傾斜角度と高さを直線部観客席とは無関係に自由に設定することができる。この結果、最前列の高さ（レベル）を直線部観客席の最前列の高さより上方に位置させることができるため、最後列からの視野から直線部観客席の端部を排除し、隅角部施設からの視界を良好にすることができ、隅角部施設に直線部観客席と同等の価値を与えることができる。   By making the corner facility located in the area where the ends of the two-way straight section seats intersect with the straight section seat, the inclination angle of the top surface (floor surface) of the corner facility is The height can be set freely regardless of the straight section audience seats. As a result, the height (level) of the front row can be positioned higher than the height of the front row of the straight section seats, so the end of the straight section seats are eliminated from the view from the last row, and the corner angle The visibility from the club facilities can be improved, and the corner facilities can be given the same value as the straight audience seats.

（ａ）は本発明の競技場を構成する直線部観客席と隅角部施設の配置例を示した平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）の立面図、（ｃ）は（ａ）のｘ−ｘ線断面図である。(A) is the top view which showed the example of arrangement | positioning of the straight part spectator seat and corner part facilities which comprise the stadium of this invention, (b) is an elevation of (a), (c) is (a) It is xx sectional drawing. 図１に示す競技場の具体例を示した鳥瞰図である。It is the bird's-eye view which showed the specific example of the stadium shown in FIG. 図２に示す競技場の直線部観客席と隅角部施設の構成を示した鳥瞰図である。It is the bird's-eye view which showed the structure of the straight part spectator seat and corner part facility of the stadium shown in FIG. 図２に示す競技場の直線部観客席と隅角部施設の関係を示した隅角部施設側から見たときの斜視図である。It is a perspective view when it sees from the corner part facility side which showed the relationship between the straight part auditorium of the stadium shown in FIG. 2, and a corner part facility. 本発明の直線部観客席及び屋根架構を従来の直線部観客席及び屋根架構との対比で示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the linear part spectator seat and roof frame of this invention by contrast with the conventional linear part spectator seat and roof frame. 直線部観客席及び隅角部施設と屋根架構との関係の一例を示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed an example of the relationship between a linear part audience seat and corner part facilities, and a roof frame. 直線部観客席及び隅角部施設と屋根架構との関係の他の例を示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the other example of the relationship between a straight part audience seat and corner part facilities, and a roof frame. フィールドを挟んで対向する直線部観客席の底部を通じた通風を確保した場合のフィールドと直線部観客席の関係を示した縦断面図である。It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the relationship between a field and a straight part audience seat at the time of ensuring the ventilation through the bottom part of the straight part audience seat which opposes on both sides of a field. （ａ）は直線部観客席と隅角部観客席が連続している従来の競技場の配置例を示した平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のｙ−ｙ線断面図である。(A) is the top view which showed the example of arrangement | positioning of the conventional stadium where a linear part audience seat and a corner part audience seat are continuing, (b) is yy sectional drawing of (a). 直線部観客席を挟んだ位置に立設された柱間に架設されたケーブルに屋根架構を支持させている従来の競技場を示した鳥瞰図である。It is the bird's-eye view which showed the conventional stadium which is supporting the roof frame to the cable erected between the pillars standing in the position which pinched | interposed the straight part audience seat.

以下、図面を用いて本発明を実施するための最良の形態を説明する。   Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１はフィールド２の周囲に水平二方向に直線部観客席３、４が配置され、この水平二方向の直線部観客席３、４の端部が交差する領域に、直線部観客席３、４とは独立した隅角部施設５が平面上、少なくともいずれかの直線部観客席３、４に隣接して配置されている観客席付き競技場（以下、競技場）１の具体例を示す。図１−（ａ）は競技場１の平面を、（ｂ）は（ａ）の立面を、（ｃ）は（ａ）のｘ−ｘ線の断面を示している。図１に示す例の具体的な競技場１の例を図２、図３に示す。図３は図２の競技場１のみを抽出して示している。   FIG. 1 shows that the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 are arranged in the two horizontal directions around the field 2, and the straight section spectator seat 3, 4 shows a specific example of a stadium-equipped stadium (hereinafter referred to as a stadium) 1 in which a corner facility 5 independent of 4 is disposed adjacent to at least one of the straight-line spectator seats 3 and 4 on a plane. . 1A shows a plane of the stadium 1, FIG. 1B shows an elevation of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C shows a cross section taken along line xx of FIG. The example of the concrete stadium 1 of the example shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, FIG. FIG. 3 shows only the stadium 1 of FIG.

図１はまた、隅角部施設５が直線部観客席３、４との間で人の移動が可能な状態に、平面上、直線部観客席３、４と連続して配置され、直線部観客席３（４）の両側に、直線部観客席３（４）を挟んで配置されている場合の例を示している。   FIG. 1 also shows that the corner facility 5 is arranged continuously with the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 on a plane so that a person can move between the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4. The example in the case where it arrange | positions on both sides of the audience seat 3 (4) on both sides of the straight part audience seat 3 (4) is shown.

図面では隅角部施設５がその両側に隣接する直線部観客席３、４の双方に連続する状態で配置されている場合を示しているが、いずれかの直線部観客席３（４）と隅角部施設５との間での人の行き来を自由にする上では、隅角部施設５は少なくともいずれかの直線部観客席３（４）に連続すればよい。すなわち、図示する例では隅角部施設５が二方向の直線部観客席３、４の端部間に介在し、競技場１の平面上の四隅に位置しているが、必ずしもいずれかの直線部観客席３（４）の長さ方向両側に配置される必要はなく、片側にのみ配置されることもある。   The drawing shows a case where the corner facility 5 is arranged in a state of being continuous with both of the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 adjacent to both sides thereof, but one of the straight section spectator seats 3 (4) and In order to make it possible for people to freely go to and from the corner facility 5, the corner facility 5 may be continuous with at least one of the straight section seats 3 (4). That is, in the example shown in the figure, the corner facility 5 is interposed between the end portions of the two-way linear seats 3 and 4 and is positioned at the four corners on the plane of the stadium 1, but is not necessarily one of the straight lines. It is not necessary to arrange on the both sides in the length direction of the section seat 3 (4), and it may be arranged only on one side.

図１は更に、各隅角部施設５に、直線部観客席３（４）の上空を覆う屋根架構６を支持し得る柱７が立設されると共に、直線部観客席３（４）を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設５、５の柱７、７間に、屋根架構６を吊り支持する梁部材８が架設されている場合の例を示している。隅角部施設５の柱７は主として屋根架構６を直接、支持する梁部材８を支持する目的で立設されるが、柱７の内部は客席、あるいはカメラ席等として使用されることもあり、その場合は必ずしも柱７、７間には梁部材８は架設されず、柱７、７は屋根架構６も支持しないことになる。   In FIG. 1, each corner facility 5 is further provided with a pillar 7 that can support the roof frame 6 that covers the sky above the straight portion audience seat 3 (4), and the straight portion audience seat 3 (4). The example in which the beam member 8 which suspends and supports the roof frame 6 is installed between the pillars 7 and 7 of the corner | angular part facilities 5 and 5 on both sides sandwiched is shown. The pillar 7 of the corner facility 5 is erected mainly for the purpose of supporting the beam member 8 that directly supports the roof frame 6, but the inside of the pillar 7 may be used as a guest seat or a camera seat. In this case, the beam member 8 is not necessarily installed between the columns 7 and 7, and the columns 7 and 7 do not support the roof frame 6.

隅角部施設５に直線部観客席３（４）の屋根架構６を支持する柱７が立設される場合、柱７、７は直線部観客席３（４）を挟んで対になるから、隅角部施設５、５はそれぞれの柱７、７が支持すべき屋根架構６の下に位置する直線部観客席３（４）の長さ方向両側に配置される。この場合、屋根架構６の自重は梁部材８を支持する柱７、７に負担されるため、柱７が立設される隅角部施設５の基礎の下には図３に示すように隅角部施設５を安定させるための杭５１が埋設される。   When the pillar 7 supporting the roof frame 6 of the straight portion audience seat 3 (4) is erected in the corner facility 5, the columns 7 and 7 are paired with the straight portion audience seat 3 (4) interposed therebetween. The corner facilities 5, 5 are arranged on both sides in the length direction of the straight section audience seat 3 (4) located under the roof frame 6 to be supported by the columns 7, 7. In this case, since the weight of the roof frame 6 is borne by the pillars 7 and 7 that support the beam member 8, the corners of the corner facility 5 on which the pillars 7 are erected are provided at the corners as shown in FIG. A pile 51 for stabilizing the corner facility 5 is buried.

フィールド２が方形状である場合、図１〜図３に示すように直線部観客席３、４はフィールド２の長辺と短辺に沿って配置され、各直線部観客席３、４の端部位置ではそれぞれの客席と通路（床面）等は各方向単位で完結し、端部間同士は直接的には不連続になる。   When the field 2 has a rectangular shape, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the straight section spectator seats 3, 4 are arranged along the long side and the short side of the field 2, and the end of each straight section spectator seat 3, 4 In the part positions, the respective seats and passages (floor surfaces) are completed in units of each direction, and the ends are discontinuous directly.

図示するように隅角部施設５がその両側（二方向）に隣接する直線部観客席３、４に連続して配置される場合には、隅角部施設５を通じて両直線部観客席３、４が間接的に連続し得る状態になり、一方向の直線部観客席３（４）と隅角部施設５が連続し、隅角部施設５と他方向の直線部観客席４（３）も連続する。   As shown in the drawing, when the corner facility 5 is arranged continuously to the straight portion audience seats 3 and 4 adjacent to both sides (two directions), both the straight portion audience seats 3 and 4 is in a state where it can continue indirectly, the straight part audience seat 3 (4) in one direction and the corner facility 5 continue, and the corner facility 5 and the straight part seat 4 (3) in the other direction. Is also continuous.

フィールド２が方形状の場合を示す図面では、長さ方向がフィールド２の長辺方向を向いて配置される直線部観客席を３で表示し、短辺方向を向いて配置される直線部観客席を４で表示しているが、直線部観客席３と直線部観客席４には形態的な、あるいは構造的な違いはない。   In the drawing showing the case where the field 2 has a rectangular shape, the straight section audience seats whose length direction is directed toward the long side direction of the field 2 are indicated by 3, and the straight section audience is disposed toward the short side direction. Although the seat is indicated by 4, there is no difference in form or structure between the straight part audience seat 3 and the straight part audience seat 4.

隅角部施設５は直線部観客席３、４に隣接することで、平面上は両直線部観客席３、４に連続するように見えるが、直線部観客席３、４とは構造的に独立して配置されるため、隅角部施設５と直線部観客席３、４が隣接しながらも、人の流れ（動線）は連続しないこともある。上記のように直線部観客席３、４との間で人の移動が可能な状態になるときに、直線部観客席３、４との間の動線の連続性が確保される。   The corner facility 5 is adjacent to the straight section seats 3 and 4 so that it appears to be continuous with both straight section seats 3 and 4 on the plane, but it is structurally different from the straight section seats 3 and 4. Since the corner facility 5 and the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 are adjacent to each other, the flow of people (flow lines) may not be continuous. As described above, when a person can move between the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4, continuity of flow lines between the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 is ensured.

直線部観客席３、４は観客を収容する構造体であるため、図１−（ｃ）に示すように複数の客席の列が最前列側から最後列側へかけて階段状に配列する形態をする。直線部観客席３、４の構造体は例えば鉄筋コンクリート造や鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造、鉄骨造等で、杭を含む基礎と、客席を支持する傾斜したスラブ、梁（桁）、柱、壁等の部位を持つ構造として構築される。スラブは客席の床毎に段差の付いた階段状に形成される。   Since the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 are structures for accommodating the spectators, as shown in FIG. 1- (c), a plurality of rows of spectator seats are arranged in a staircase pattern from the front row side to the last row side. do. The structure of the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 is, for example, a reinforced concrete structure, a steel reinforced concrete structure, a steel structure, etc., including a foundation including a pile, and an inclined slab, beam (girder), column, wall, etc. that support the seat Built as a structure with. The slab is formed in a staircase with a step on each floor of the audience seat.

図面では図１−（ｃ）、図５に示すように直線部観客席３、４を最前列から最後列にかけて連続したスロープ式のスラブではなく、少なくとも下層部３１（４１）と上層部３２（４２）の複数層に区分した２層、あるいは３層以上の構造にしている。   In the drawing, as shown in FIG. 1- (c) and FIG. 5, the straight portion spectator seats 3 and 4 are not slope-type slabs that are continuous from the front row to the last row, but at least the lower layer portion 31 (41) and the upper layer portion 32 ( 42) The structure is divided into two or more layers, or three or more layers.

この場合、上下に区分された下層部３１（４１）のスラブの後方側と上層部３２（４２）のスラブの前方側（フィールド２側）が形態的に不連続になることで、直線部観客席３（４）の全体を、上層部３２（４２）のスラブを前方側へ迫り出す形に形成することができるため、直線部観客席３（４）の平面積の拡大を抑えることができる利点がある。   In this case, the rear side of the slab of the lower layer part 31 (41) and the front side (field 2 side) of the slab of the upper layer part 32 (42), which are divided vertically, are discontinuously morphologically. Since the entire seat 3 (4) can be formed in a shape in which the slab of the upper layer portion 32 (42) is pushed forward, the expansion of the plane area of the straight portion audience seat 3 (4) can be suppressed. There are advantages.

このように直線部観客席３（４）を少なくとも下層部３１（４１）と上層部３２（４２）の複数層に区分された複数層構造にした場合にはまた、上下に隣接する層間を、フィールド２内への通風（通気）のための空間として利用し、競技場１の外部の空気を競技場１の内部（フィールド２）内に取り込み、そのまま競技場１内部を通過させて競技場１外部へ流すために利用することができる。   In this way, when the straight portion audience seat 3 (4) has a multi-layer structure divided into a plurality of layers of at least the lower layer portion 31 (41) and the upper layer portion 32 (42), It is used as a space for ventilation (ventilation) into the field 2, and air outside the stadium 1 is taken into the stadium 1 (field 2) and passed through the stadium 1 as it is. Can be used to flow outside.

直線部観客席３、４に対し、隅角部施設５は観客席としての他、エレベータ、階段室、洗面所等の多目的（ユニバーサル）空間としての用途を持ち得ることに加え、通路が形成されることで、直線部観客席３、４との間の行き来のための連絡路としての機能を持ち得る。このことから、隅角部施設５は直線部観客席３、４とは関連性のない形態（構造）で構築される場合と、関連付けされた（連続性を有する）形態（構造）で構築される場合がある。   In contrast to the straight section seats 3 and 4, the corner facility 5 can be used as a multipurpose (universal) space such as an elevator, a staircase, and a washroom as well as a seat. By this, it can have a function as a communication path for going to and from the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4. From this, the corner facility 5 is constructed in a form (structure) that is not related to the straight section audience seats 3 and 4 and in an associated (continuous) form (structure). There is a case.

隅角部施設５はこのように観客席を含む施設として利用される場合と、観客席としての用途以外の用途施設として利用される場合がある。観客席として利用される場合は、少なくとも一部の区画、あるいは一部の層が観客席として利用され、全体が観客席になる場合もある。   The corner facility 5 may be used as a facility including a spectator seat as described above, or may be used as a use facility other than a spectator seat. When used as a spectator seat, at least some sections or some layers may be used as spectator seats, and the whole may be used as a spectator seat.

隅角部施設５の構造体も鉄筋コンクリート造や鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造、鉄骨造等で、前記した杭５１を含む基礎とスラブ、梁（桁）、柱、壁等を持つ構造として構築される。図面では隅角部施設５に多目的の用途を与えるために、図４に示すように隅角部施設５を、床面が水平な複数層（階）の空間を持つ構造体で構築し、最上層を観客席、あるいは観客席を兼ねた休憩所等として利用した場合の例を示している。   The structure of the corner facility 5 is also a reinforced concrete structure, a steel reinforced concrete structure, a steel structure, or the like, and is constructed as a structure having a foundation including the pile 51, a slab, a beam (girder), a column, a wall, and the like. In the drawing, in order to give the corner facility 5 a multipurpose use, as shown in FIG. 4, the corner facility 5 is constructed by a structure having a space of a plurality of layers (floors) where the floor surface is horizontal. An example is shown in which the upper layer is used as a spectator seat or a resting place that also serves as a spectator seat.

隅角部施設５に、床面が水平な複数層の空間を持たせることで、その内のいずれかの任意の層に隅角部施設５に隣接するいずれかの直線部観客席３、４との間で往来可能な通路を形成することができる。通路は直線部観客席３、４のいずれかの床面に連続する層に形成されればよく、水平路の場合と傾斜路（スロープ）の場合がある。
The corner facilities 5, that the floor surface to have a space of horizontal multiple layers, either straight portion auditorium 3,4 adjacent to corners facility 5 in any optional layers of which It is possible to form a passage that can be communicated with the vehicle. The passage may be formed in a layer that is continuous with the floor surface of any one of the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4, and may be a horizontal road or a slope (slope).

隅角部施設５の最上層の床（スラブ）は直線部観客席３、４に合わせて傾斜させられることもあるが、図面では主に隅角部施設５をその両側に隣接する直線部観客席３、４との間の連絡（往来）と観客席としての機能を含め、一時的な休憩所、または娯楽場等としての機能を併せ持たせた多目的空間として利用していることから、最上層の床（スラブ）を水平な面で構築している。   The uppermost floor (slab) of the corner facility 5 may be inclined according to the straight section audience seats 3 and 4, but in the drawing, the corner facility 5 is mainly adjacent to the straight section audience on both sides. Because it is used as a multipurpose space that has functions as a temporary resting place or amusement park, including communication between the seats 3 and 4 and functions as a spectator seat, The upper floor (slab) is constructed on a horizontal surface.

最上層の床を水平面にした場合には、平坦面であることで、隅角部施設５に、直線部観客席３、４の上空を覆う屋根架構６を支持する柱７を立設し、その内部、もしくは外部を梁部材８との間の人の移動のための空間として使用する場合に、空間への人の出入りがし易くなる利点もある。この場合、柱７の内部、もしくは外部には梁部材８との間の移動のためのエレベータ、リフト等の昇降機の他、階段、梯子、手摺り等が配置される。   When the uppermost floor is a horizontal surface, a pillar 7 that supports the roof frame 6 that covers the sky above the straight portion audience seats 3 and 4 is erected on the corner facility 5 because it is a flat surface. When the inside or the outside is used as a space for movement of a person between the beam member 8, there is an advantage that a person can easily enter and leave the space. In this case, a staircase, a ladder, a handrail, etc. are arranged inside or outside the column 7 in addition to elevators and lifts for moving to and from the beam member 8.

柱７は原則的に隅角部施設５での視界と通行の障害にならないよう、図１−（ａ）に示すように隅角部施設５の直線部観客席３、４寄りに配置されるが、同図に破線で示すように隅角部施設５のフィールド２から最も遠い位置である、平面上の二方向の梁部材８、８の中心線の交点位置に配置され、一隅角部施設５に付き、柱７が１本のみになることもある。二方向の梁部材８、８の中心線の交点位置は隅角部施設５の平面上の内部であることも、外部であることもある。   As shown in FIG. 1- (a), the pillar 7 is arranged near the straight section audience seats 3 and 4 of the corner facility 5 so as not to obstruct visibility and traffic in the corner facility 5 in principle. Is disposed at the intersection of the center lines of the two-way beam members 8 and 8 on the plane, which is the farthest from the field 2 of the corner facility 5 as indicated by a broken line in FIG. In some cases, the number of pillars 7 is only one. The intersection position of the center lines of the two-way beam members 8, 8 may be inside or outside the plane of the corner facility 5.

一隅角部施設５に付き、１本の柱７が立設される場合、１本の柱７は図１−（ａ）に示す場合の２本分の柱７、７が負担する荷重に等しい荷重を負担するため、断面積は大きくなるが、二方向の梁部材８、８の中心線の交点位置に位置することで、屋根架構６の幅方向の中心線上に位置することになるため、柱７が屋根架構６を支持することによる曲げモーメントを負担しない状態は維持される。また柱７の立設位置はフィールド２から最も遠い、隅角部施設５の後方寄りであるから、隅角部施設５での視界と通行の障害になることもない。   When one pillar 7 is erected on one corner portion facility 5, one pillar 7 is equal to the load borne by the two pillars 7 and 7 in the case shown in FIG. In order to bear the load, the cross-sectional area becomes large, but because it is located on the intersection of the center lines of the beam members 8 and 8 in the two directions, it is located on the center line in the width direction of the roof frame 6, The state in which the column 7 does not bear the bending moment due to supporting the roof frame 6 is maintained. Moreover, since the standing position of the pillar 7 is farthest from the field 2 and is closer to the rear of the corner facility 5, there is no obstacle to visibility and traffic in the corner facility 5.

図示するように直線部観客席３（４）を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設５、５に立設された柱７、７間に梁部材８を架設した場合には、梁部材８の内部を人の通行、客席、カメラ席等に利用することがあり、その場合、上記のように柱７の内部、もしくは外部は隅角部施設５と梁部材８との間の移動のための通路になる。内部を通路として利用する場合には、必然的に本来の荷重支持の機能を果たす場合より柱７の断面が大きくなる。   As shown in the figure, when the beam member 8 is installed between the pillars 7 and 7 erected on the corner facilities 5 and 5 on both sides of the straight portion audience seat 3 (4), the inside of the beam member 8 May be used for human traffic, passenger seats, camera seats, etc. In this case, the inside or outside of the pillar 7 is a passage for movement between the corner facility 5 and the beam member 8 as described above. become. When the inside is used as a passage, the cross section of the column 7 is inevitably larger than when the original load supporting function is achieved.

図６、図７では隅角部施設５と梁部材８との間の往来のための階段７３を柱７の外部に設置していることに伴い、人の通行が可能な幅を持つ梁部材８の幅に合わせて２本以上の柱部材７１、７１を並列させ、梁部材８の幅方向に並列する柱部材７１、７１をつなぐつなぎ材７２から柱７を構成している。この関係で、柱７の成（梁部材８幅方向の寸法）が従来の柱の成より大きくなっているように見えるが、柱７は屋根架構６の自重と想定される人の自重を加えた分の荷重を支持できればよいため、柱７の本来の断面寸法は従来の柱の寸法より小さくできる。   In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the beam member having a width that allows human traffic due to the installation of the stairway 73 for traveling between the corner facility 5 and the beam member 8 outside the column 7. Two or more column members 71, 71 are arranged in parallel in accordance with the width of 8, and the column 7 is configured from a connecting material 72 that connects the column members 71, 71 arranged in parallel in the width direction of the beam member 8. In this relation, the formation of the pillar 7 (dimension in the width direction of the beam member 8) seems to be larger than that of the conventional pillar, but the pillar 7 adds the weight of the person assumed to be the weight of the roof frame 6. Since it is only necessary to be able to support the load of the corresponding amount, the original cross-sectional dimension of the column 7 can be made smaller than the size of the conventional column.

図６、図７は柱７、７間に架設された梁部材８の内部を通路等として利用している様子を示している。図６では柱７の外部に、隅角部施設５と梁部材８との間の往来のための通路としての階段７３を設置している様子を示しているが、往来のための通路は上記のように昇降機や梯子等である場合もある。階段７３は隅角部施設５の最上階のみではなく、隅角部施設５の最下階から最上階へ通じる階段に連続する形で形成され、隅角部施設５の任意の階と梁部材８とが連絡させられることもある。   6 and 7 show a state where the inside of the beam member 8 installed between the columns 7 and 7 is used as a passage or the like. FIG. 6 shows a state in which a stairway 73 is installed outside the pillar 7 as a passage for the traffic between the corner facility 5 and the beam member 8. In some cases, it is an elevator or a ladder. The stairs 73 are formed not only on the top floor of the corner facility 5 but also on the stairs leading from the bottom floor of the corner facility 5 to the top floor. 8 may be contacted.

直線部観客席３、４の上空を覆う屋根架構６は雨水から客席を保護する目的を果たす上では、基本的に図５〜図７に示すように直線部観客席３、４の最前列から最後列までの区間の上空を覆う幅を持てばよい。また柱７は隅角部施設５に立設されることで、直線部観客席３、４の客席（床面）の配列と無関係に配置されることから、屋根架構６を幅方向の鉛直面で切断した縦断面上は、屋根架構６の幅方向中央部に柱７を配置することができるため、屋根架構６による曲げモーメントを負担しない状態で、柱７を屋根架構６に接合することができる。   The roof frame 6 covering the sky above the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 basically serves to protect the seat from rainwater from the front row of the straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 as shown in FIGS. It is sufficient to have a width that covers the sky above the section up to the last row. In addition, the column 7 is erected on the corner facility 5 and is arranged regardless of the arrangement of the audience seats (floor surface) of the straight portion audience seats 3 and 4. Since the column 7 can be arranged in the center in the width direction of the roof frame 6 on the longitudinal section cut at, the column 7 can be joined to the roof frame 6 without bearing the bending moment by the roof frame 6. it can.

図面では図６、図７に示すように柱７、７が梁部材８と屋根架構６を共に吊り支持していることから、柱７の高さ方向中間部に梁部材８と屋根架構６を接合し、柱７の頂部から梁部材８と屋根架構６を吊り支持するためのワイヤ、ケーブル、鉄筋等の張力部材９を張架している。張力部材９は柱７の頂部と梁部材８との間に１本、もしくは複数本、架設され、張力が与えられることで、梁部材８の撓みを抑制し、梁部材８に剛性を付与する働きもする。図６、図７において屋根架構６の縦断面中、幅方向の中央部分は梁部材８の内部を示している。   In the drawings, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the columns 7 and 7 support the beam member 8 and the roof frame 6 together. Therefore, the beam member 8 and the roof frame 6 are arranged at the middle in the height direction of the column 7. A tension member 9 such as a wire, a cable, a reinforcing bar, etc. is stretched from the top of the column 7 so as to suspend and support the beam member 8 and the roof frame 6. One or a plurality of tension members 9 are installed between the top of the column 7 and the beam member 8 and are given tension, thereby suppressing the deflection of the beam member 8 and imparting rigidity to the beam member 8. It also works. 6 and 7, the central portion in the width direction in the longitudinal section of the roof frame 6 indicates the inside of the beam member 8.

図面ではまた、屋根架構６を鉄骨造の立体トラス構造で構成していることから、屋根架構６に接合され、屋根架構６を支持する柱７も鉄骨造で構築しているが、屋根架構６は形態安定性が確保されればよいため、構造は鉄骨造であるとは限らず、膜構造、テント構造等の場合もある。   In the drawing, since the roof frame 6 is formed of a steel frame three-dimensional truss structure, the column 7 which is joined to the roof frame 6 and supports the roof frame 6 is also formed of a steel frame. Since it is only necessary to ensure the form stability, the structure is not necessarily a steel structure, and may be a membrane structure, a tent structure, or the like.

柱７の構造は屋根架構６の形態に応じて決められるため、鉄骨造の他、鉄筋コンクリート造等で構築されることもある。図面では屋根架構６を上弦材６１と下弦材６２、及び両弦材６１、６２間に架設される斜材（ラチス材）６３を基本の構成要素とする立体トラス構造で構成し、図４等に示すように上弦材６１と下弦材６２との間に斜材６３と共に鉛直材としての束材６４を配置している。   Since the structure of the pillar 7 is determined according to the form of the roof frame 6, it may be constructed by a reinforced concrete structure in addition to the steel structure. In the drawing, the roof frame 6 is constituted by a three-dimensional truss structure having an upper chord member 61, a lower chord member 62, and a diagonal member (lattice member) 63 laid between the two chord members 61, 62 as basic constituent elements, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a bunch material 64 as a vertical material is disposed together with the diagonal material 63 between the upper chord material 61 and the lower chord material 62.

柱７、７間に梁部材８を架設する場合、屋根架構６は直接的には梁部材８に支持されるから、屋根架構６の平面形状は図１−（ａ）に示すように梁部材８の軸線（中心線）に関して線対称形をしていることが合理的である。梁部材８の軸線に関し、屋根架構６の両側の質量が全長に亘って平衡することによる。但し、屋根架構６の平面形状が梁部材８に関して線対称形でなくとも、梁部材８の軸線（中心）が屋根架構６の長さ方向各部における幅方向縦断面の図心を通れば、全体として梁部材８の軸線に関して両側の質量が平衡する状態は得られる。その場合、梁部材８の軸線は必ずしも直線になるとは限らず、曲線になることもある。   When the beam member 8 is installed between the columns 7 and 7, since the roof frame 6 is directly supported by the beam member 8, the planar shape of the roof frame 6 is as shown in FIG. 1- (a). It is reasonable to have a line symmetry with respect to the eight axes (center line). This is because the masses on both sides of the roof frame 6 are balanced over the entire length with respect to the axis of the beam member 8. However, even if the planar shape of the roof frame 6 is not line symmetric with respect to the beam member 8, if the axis (center) of the beam member 8 passes through the centroid of the longitudinal section in the length direction of the roof frame 6, As a result, a state in which the masses on both sides are balanced with respect to the axis of the beam member 8 is obtained. In that case, the axis of the beam member 8 is not necessarily a straight line but may be a curved line.

梁部材８は基本的には屋根架構６を直接的に支持し、屋根架構６の長さ方向中央部の撓みを拘束する働きをすればよいため、屋根架構６の上面側に、あるいは屋根架構６の断面内に一体的に接合されればよい。   The beam member 8 basically needs to directly support the roof frame 6 and restrain the bending of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the roof frame 6, so that the beam member 8 is provided on the upper surface side of the roof frame 6 or the roof frame. What is necessary is just to join integrally in the cross section of 6. FIG.

図面では梁部材８の内部を中空にし、人の通行を可能にするためと、柱７を梁部材８の幅に合わせて並列する柱部材７１、７１とつなぎ材７２から構成していることに対応し、図６、図７に示すように梁部材８を柱部材７１、７１間距離に合わせて並列する上弦材８１と下弦材８２、及び上弦材８１と下弦材８２をつなぐ斜材（ラチス材）８３を基本の構成要素とする立体トラス構造の箱形断面に形成している。   In the drawing, the inside of the beam member 8 is made hollow so that people can pass therethrough, and the column 7 is composed of column members 71 and 71 and a connecting material 72 arranged in parallel to the width of the beam member 8. Correspondingly, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the upper chord member 81 and the lower chord member 82, and the diagonal member (lattice lattice) connecting the upper chord member 81 and the lower chord member 82, which are arranged in parallel according to the distance between the column members 71 and 71. Material) 83 is formed in a box-shaped cross section of a three-dimensional truss structure having 83 as a basic component.

図面では特に図６、図７等に示すように上弦材８１と下弦材８２との間に斜材８３と共に鉛直材としての束材８４を配置している。梁部材８の幅方向に並列する上弦材８１、８１同士と下弦材８２、８２同士はつなぎ材８５で互いに連結される。   In the drawing, particularly as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, etc., a bundle member 84 as a vertical member is disposed between the upper chord member 81 and the lower chord member 82 together with the diagonal member 83. The upper chord members 81, 81 and the lower chord members 82, 82 parallel to each other in the width direction of the beam member 8 are connected to each other by a connecting member 85.

柱７に関して梁部材８が架設される側の反対側には梁部材８を吊り支持する張力部材９から柱７の頂部に作用する曲げモーメントを相殺させるための、張力の反力を取るために、図６、図７に示すように張出部材１０が片持ち梁式に突設され、この張出部材１０の先端位置と柱７の頂部との間にも張力部材９が張架される。   In order to take a reaction force of tension to cancel the bending moment acting on the top of the column 7 from the tension member 9 that suspends and supports the beam member 8 on the side opposite to the side where the beam member 8 is installed with respect to the column 7. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the projecting member 10 projects in a cantilever manner, and the tension member 9 is also stretched between the tip position of the projecting member 10 and the top of the column 7. .

張出部材１０の先端位置と柱７の頂部との間に張架された張力部材９は張出部材１０の持ち上がりを防止するために、図４に示すように張出部材１０の先端位置を経由して柱７の脚部側に定着される。柱７の頂部の高さは梁部材８との間の張力部材９の張架本数、あるいは水平に対する張力部材９の張架角度等に応じて決められる。   The tension member 9 stretched between the distal end position of the overhanging member 10 and the top of the column 7 has the distal end position of the overhanging member 10 as shown in FIG. It is fixed to the leg part side of the pillar 7 via. The height of the top of the column 7 is determined according to the number of tension members 9 that are stretched between the beam members 8 or the tension angle of the tension members 9 with respect to the horizontal.

図示する例では屋根架構６が梁部材８に接合され、張力部材９に吊り支持された状態で、対向する柱７、７に支持されることと、各方向に架設される屋根架構６が直線部観客席３、４単位で独立していることで、各方向の屋根架構６単位で独立して架設作業を遂行することができる。また屋根架構６自体が前記のように立体トラス構造等により単体（単独）で形態安定性を保有した構造をしていれば、構造的に柱７、７から自立できるため、各方向の屋根架構６の柱７、７に対する架設高さも独自に、自由に設定することができる。   In the illustrated example, the roof frame 6 is joined to the beam member 8 and supported by the opposing columns 7 and 7 while being suspended and supported by the tension member 9, and the roof frame 6 installed in each direction is straight. By being independent in the unit audience seats 3 and 4 units, the construction work can be performed independently in 6 units of the roof frame in each direction. Also, if the roof frame 6 itself has a structure (single unit) having shape stability by a three-dimensional truss structure or the like as described above, the roof frame 6 can be independent from the columns 7 and 7 structurally. The erection height for the six pillars 7 and 7 can also be freely set independently.

この場合、屋根架構６は自立性を有することで、地上で構築され、完成状態に仕上げられたまま、張力部材９を柱７の頂部側へ引き上げることにより屋根架構６を上昇（リフトアップ）させることができる。すなわち屋根架構６は張力部材９と共に吊り上げられるだけで、柱７、７間に架設された状態に移行することができるため、屋根架構６を架設状態にするための施工が単純化される利点がある。地上で構築された梁部材８付きの屋根架構６は梁部材８と柱７、７間に張力部材９が架設された後、張力部材９が引き上げられ、張架状態になることで、そのまま架設状態になる。   In this case, the roof frame 6 is self-supporting, and the roof frame 6 is raised (lifted up) by pulling the tension member 9 to the top side of the column 7 while being built on the ground and finished in a finished state. be able to. That is, the roof frame 6 can be shifted to a state where the roof frame 6 is erected between the columns 7 and 7 simply by being lifted together with the tension member 9, so that the construction for setting the roof frame 6 to the erected state is simplified. is there. The roof frame 6 with the beam member 8 constructed on the ground is installed as it is after the tension member 9 is pulled up between the beam member 8 and the columns 7 and 7 and then the tension member 9 is pulled up to be in a tension state. It becomes a state.

また図示する例では屋根架構６は梁部材８を介して柱７、７に支持されることで、必ずしも張力部材９が架設されなくても柱７、７に支持された状態になることができるから、張力部材９が架設されることで、屋根架構６は二重（二段階）に柱７、７に支持されることになる。この意味で、張力部材９は屋根架構６を梁部材８と共に柱７、７に対して昇降（リフトアップとリフトダウン）させる目的で使用することもできる。張力部材９は屋根架構６の静止後には、屋根架構６を柱７、７に拘束し、屋根架構６の安定性を確保する機能を発揮する。   In the illustrated example, the roof frame 6 is supported by the columns 7 and 7 via the beam member 8, so that the roof frame 6 can be supported by the columns 7 and 7 even if the tension member 9 is not necessarily installed. Therefore, the roof frame 6 is supported by the columns 7 and 7 in a double (two-stage) manner by installing the tension member 9. In this sense, the tension member 9 can be used for the purpose of raising and lowering (lifting up and down) the roof frame 6 together with the beam member 8 with respect to the columns 7 and 7. The tension member 9 exerts a function of securing the stability of the roof frame 6 by restraining the roof frame 6 to the columns 7 and 7 after the roof frame 6 is stationary.

図１０に示す例の場合、前記したように懸垂曲線状のケーブルが直接、屋根架構を支持していることに加え、各方向の屋根架構が互いに連続して（接合されて）いることで、屋根架構を各方向単位で構築し、架設することはできない。   In the case of the example shown in FIG. 10, in addition to the cable having the hanging curve directly supporting the roof frame as described above, the roof frames in each direction are continuously (joined) to each other, A roof frame cannot be constructed and constructed in units of each direction.

また図１０の場合、屋根架構はケーブルを介して柱に支持されるため、ケーブルを不在にすることはできず、ケーブルと無関係に屋根架構を架設することはできないため、屋根架構を地上で先行して構築した後にケーブルを利用して屋根架構を上昇させることはできない。これに対し、本発明では各方向の屋根架構６、６が独立していることで、各方向単位で屋根架構６を地上で構築してから上昇させて架設した上で、独自に高さ調節することも可能になっている。   In the case of FIG. 10, since the roof frame is supported by the pillar via the cable, the cable cannot be absent, and the roof frame cannot be installed independently of the cable. Once constructed, the roof frame cannot be raised using cables. On the other hand, in the present invention, the roof frames 6 and 6 in each direction are independent, so that the height of the roof frame 6 is independently adjusted in each direction after the roof frame 6 is constructed on the ground and then raised. It is also possible to do.

図８はフィールド２を挟んで対向する両側の直線部観客席３、３（４、４）の最前列の底面とフィールド２の表面との間には通気のための空隙が確保され、この両直線部観客席３、３（４、４）の底面を通じてフィールド２外とフィールド２内とを連通させ、競技場１の外部と内部間の通気（通風）を確保した場合の競技場１の例を示している。   FIG. 8 shows a space for ventilation between the bottom surface of the front row of the straight section spectator seats 3, 3 (4, 4) on both sides opposed to the field 2 and the surface of the field 2, Example of stadium 1 when the outside of field 2 communicates with the inside of field 2 through the bottom of straight section spectator seats 3, 3 (4, 4) to ensure ventilation (ventilation) between outside and inside stadium 1 Is shown.

空隙は少なくとも一方向に対向するいずれかの直線部観客席３、３（４、４）の底面とフィールド２との間に確保され、対向する直線部観客席３、３（４、４）がフィールド２の長辺方向であるか、短辺方向であるかは問われない。互いに交差する方向、すなわちフィールド２の長辺方向の直線部観客席３と短辺方向の直線部観客席４の底面を通じても競技場１の外部と内部を通じた通気を確保することができる他、双方向（二方向）の直線部観客席３、４の底面を通じた通気を確保することもある。   The space is secured between the bottom surface of one of the straight portion spectator seats 3, 3 (4, 4) facing at least one direction and the field 2, and the opposing straight portion spectator seats 3, 3 (4, 4) It does not matter whether the field 2 is in the long side direction or the short side direction. In addition to ensuring the ventilation through the outside and the inside of the stadium 1 also through the bottom surfaces of the crossing each other, that is, the straight section 3 in the long side direction of the field 2 and the straight section seat 4 in the short side direction, In some cases, ventilation through the bottom surfaces of the two-way (two-way) straight section spectator seats 3 and 4 may be secured.

直線部観客席３、３（４、４）の底面とフィールド２の表面との間に空隙を確保することは、例えば直線部観客席３、３（４、４）の前記した下層部３１（４１）と上層部３２（４２）を支持する柱３３（４３）を地中に到達させ、基礎（フーチング）に接合することで、下層部３１（４１）と上層部３２（４２）の各スラブの底面を地表面から浮かせることによって実現される。   Securing a gap between the bottom surface of the straight portion spectator seats 3, 3 (4, 4) and the surface of the field 2 is, for example, the above-described lower layer portion 31 ( 41) and the pillar 33 (43) which supports the upper layer part 32 (42) are made to reach the ground and joined to the foundation (footing), so that each slab of the lower layer part 31 (41) and the upper layer part 32 (42) It is realized by floating the bottom of the ground from the ground surface.

競技場１の外部と内部間の通気（通風）を確保することには、天然芝の成長促進の意味があるが、直線部観客席３、４の底面を通じて通気することで、直線部観客席３、４の温度上昇を抑制する効果も期待される。   Securing ventilation (ventilation) between the outside and the inside of the stadium 1 has the meaning of promoting the growth of natural turf, but by ventilating the bottom of the straight section spectators 3 and 4, the straight section spectator seats The effect which suppresses the temperature rise of 3 and 4 is also anticipated.

１……観客席付き競技場、２……フィールド、
３、４……直線部観客席、３１、４１……下層部、３２、４２……上層部、３３、４３……柱、
５……隅角部施設、５１……杭、
６……屋根架構、６１……上弦材、６２……下弦材、６３……斜材（ラチス材）、６４……束材、
７……柱、７１……柱部材、７２……つなぎ材、７３……階段、
８……梁部材、８１……上弦材、８２……下弦材、８３……斜材（ラチス材）、８４……束材、８５……つなぎ材、
９……張力部材、１０……張出部材。
1 ... Stadium with auditorium, 2 ... Field,
3, 4 ... straight section seats 31, 31, 41 ... lower layer, 32, 42 ... upper layer, 33, 43 ... pillar,
5 ... Corner facility, 51 ... Pile,
6 ... roof frame, 61 ... upper chord material, 62 ... lower chord material, 63 ... diagonal material (lattice material), 64 ... bundle material,
7 …… Columns, 71 …… Column members, 72 …… Connecting materials, 73 …… Stairs,
8 ... Beam member, 81 ... Upper chord material, 82 ... Lower chord material, 83 ... Diagonal material (lattice material), 84 ... Bundling material, 85 ... Binder material,
9 ... tension member, 10 ... overhang member.

Claims (4)

フィールドの周囲に水平二方向に直線部観客席が配置され、この水平二方向の直線部観客席の端部が交差する領域に、前記直線部観客席とは独立した隅角部施設が平面上、少なくともいずれかの前記直線部観客席に隣接して配置され、
前記隅角部施設は前記水平二方向の内、少なくともいずれか一方向に配置された前記直線部観客席の両側に、前記直線部観客席を挟んで配置され、前記直線部観客席の最後列の上面より上方に位置する前記各隅角部施設の上面から、前記直線部観客席の上空を覆う屋根架構を支持し得る柱が立設されていることを特徴とする観客席付き競技場。 A straight section audience seat is arranged in two horizontal directions around the field, and a corner facility independent of the straight section seat is on a plane in an area where the ends of the two horizontal section seats intersect. , Arranged adjacent to at least one of the straight section audience seats,
The corner facility is disposed on both sides of the straight portion audience seats arranged in at least one of the two horizontal directions with the straight portion seat seats sandwiched therebetween, and the last row of the straight portion seat seats. A stadium with a spectator seat, characterized in that a pillar capable of supporting the roof frame covering the sky above the straight section spectator seat is erected from the top surface of each corner facility located above the top surface of the stadium. 前記隅角部施設は前記直線部観客席との間で人の移動が可能な状態に、平面上、前記直線部観客席と連続して配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の観客席付き競技場。   The said corner part facility is arrange | positioned on the plane continuously with the said linear part audience seat in the state which a person can move between the said linear part audience seats. Stadium with spectator seats. 前記直線部観客席を挟んだ両側の隅角部施設の前記柱間に、前記屋根架構を吊り支持する梁部材が架設されていることを特徴とする請求項１、もしくは請求項２に記載の観客席付き競技場。 The beam member which suspends and supports the said roof frame is constructed between the said pillars of the corner part facilities of both sides across the said linear part audience seat, The Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Stadium with auditorium. 前記直線部観客席は少なくとも前記フィールドを挟んだ両側に配置され、この両直線部観客席の最前列の底面と前記フィールドの表面との間には通気のための空隙が確保され、この両直線部観客席の底面を通じてフィールド外とフィールド内とが連通していることを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれかに記載の観客席付き競技場。 The straight section spectator seats are arranged at least on both sides of the field, and a space for ventilation is secured between the bottom surface of the front row of the two straight section spectator seats and the surface of the field. The stadium with a spectator seat according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the outside of the field communicates with the inside of the field through the bottom surface of the section spectator seat.
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