JP5624181B2 - Method for removing endothelium from citrus fruits - Google Patents

Method for removing endothelium from citrus fruits Download PDF

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JP5624181B2
JP5624181B2 JP2013132001A JP2013132001A JP5624181B2 JP 5624181 B2 JP5624181 B2 JP 5624181B2 JP 2013132001 A JP2013132001 A JP 2013132001A JP 2013132001 A JP2013132001 A JP 2013132001A JP 5624181 B2 JP5624181 B2 JP 5624181B2
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endothelium
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博由 小泉
博由 小泉
史生 國永
史生 國永
文孝 細川
文孝 細川
啓司 庵原
啓司 庵原
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Maruha Nichiro Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
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    • A23N7/01Peeling vegetables or fruit using chemical substances, e.g. lye

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Description

本発明は、酵素処理反応を低温長時間で行う柑橘類の内皮除去方法に関し、効率的な内皮除去方法であり、かつ高品質の果肉を果実から取り出す方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for removing citrus endothelium by performing an enzyme treatment reaction at a low temperature for a long time, an efficient method for removing endothelium, and a method for removing high-quality pulp from fruits.

柑橘類の果実は、可食部分である果肉(砂じょう)がじょうのう膜で包まれ、じょうのうを形成し、じょうのうが外果皮(フラベド)および内果皮(アルベド)からなる果皮で包まれている。一般的にじょうのう膜を内皮といい、果皮を外皮という(図1)。   Citrus fruits are the edible portion of the fruit pulp (sand) that is wrapped in a capsule film to form a capsule, which is made up of outer skin (flavedo) and inner skin (albedo). Wrapped. In general, the capsule is called the endothelium and the pericarp is called the outer skin (Fig. 1).

柑橘類の果実は一般的にその外皮および内皮を人の手で剥くことは困難を伴う場合が多い。時間をかけて外皮を剥いたとしてもアルベド層が厚く残っている場合が多く、可食部分を得ることは容易ではない。また果肉房の内皮(じょうのう膜)内の果肉を得ようとすれば、内皮と果肉との分離が困難で果肉が崩れることも多い。   Citrus fruits are generally often difficult to peel off their outer skin and endothelium with human hands. Even if the skin is peeled over time, the albedo layer often remains thick, and it is not easy to obtain an edible portion. In addition, when trying to obtain the pulp in the endothelium of the pulp chamber, it is difficult to separate the endothelium from the pulp, and the pulp often collapses.

柑橘類の外皮を剥皮しやすくする方法として、凍結処理法(特許文献1)や加圧処理法(特許文献2)など物理的な処理を加える方法が知られているが、いずれも内皮の剥皮まで容易にできるものではない。酵素を用いた剥皮易化方法として柿に対してペクチナーゼ酵素液に含浸させる方法(特許文献3、特許文献4)、酵素処理と物理的処理を組み合わせた方法として栗に対してセルラーゼおよびペクチナーゼ酵素液に浸漬し加圧する方法(特許文献5)が既に提案されているが、対象は柑橘類ではない。これらの方法は、果実部分が柔らかい柑橘類には適用することはできなかった。   As methods for facilitating the peeling of citrus skin, methods such as a freezing treatment method (Patent Document 1) and a pressure treatment method (Patent Literature 2) are known. Not easy to do. A method of impregnating pectinase enzyme solution with respect to cocoons as a method for facilitating skinning using an enzyme (Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4), a method combining cell treatment and physical treatment with cellulase and pectinase enzyme solution for chestnut Although the method (patent document 5) which immerses and pressurizes in a thing has already been proposed, the object is not citrus. These methods could not be applied to citrus fruits with soft fruit parts.

柑橘類を対象とした物理的処理と酵素処理を併用する方法として、外皮を剥いたまるごとの生の柑橘類果実を製造する方法(特許文献6、特許文献7)がある。これは外皮(アルベド層)を貫くが内皮(じょうのう膜)は貫かないように果皮表面に傷をつけ、ペクチナーゼ酵素液に浸漬し、減圧または加圧注入したのち、貯蔵することで行う。しかし、この方法は、「果実から外果皮を除去する工程を含む、果皮とアルベド層を剥いたまるごとの生の柑橘類果実を製造する方法」であって、内皮から果肉(じょうのう)を容易に取り出す効果は記載されていない。   As a method of using both physical treatment and enzyme treatment for citrus fruits, there are methods for producing raw citrus fruits as the whole skin is peeled off (Patent Literature 6, Patent Literature 7). This is done by damaging the pericarp surface so that it penetrates the outer skin (albedo layer) but not the endothelium (capsular membrane), soaks it in pectinase enzyme solution, injects it under reduced pressure or under pressure, and then stores it. However, this method is “a method for producing a whole raw citrus fruit with the peel and albedo layer removed, including the step of removing the pericarp from the fruit” and facilitates the pulp from the endothelium. The effect of taking out is not described.

他には柑橘類果実を剥皮するための方法および装置を提供する方法(特許文献8)が提案されている。これは酵素が内皮を貫通することなくアルベド部分に進入できるように果皮部分に切り目を入れ、ペクチナーゼ酵素液に浸漬させることで行う。ただしこの方法でも内皮に対する効果の記載はない。   In addition, a method (Patent Document 8) that provides a method and an apparatus for peeling citrus fruits has been proposed. This is done by making a cut in the pericarp so that the enzyme can enter the albedo without penetrating the endothelium and immersing it in the pectinase enzyme solution. However, this method does not describe the effect on the endothelium.

一方、酵素処理を行って外皮および内皮を同時に剥皮しやすくする方法として、「柑橘類の外皮および内皮の剥皮易化方法」(特許文献9)が提案されている。本技術により、「果肉が実割れすることなく内皮と果肉を分離しやすくする」ことが解決できたが、外皮および内皮を剥皮し、個々の果肉房から果肉を一つ一つ取り出せるまでの時間は平均2分28秒程度要しており(実施例3)、外皮および内皮両方とも手剥き作業が必要となる。   On the other hand, “a method for facilitating skinning of citrus skin and endothelium” (Patent Document 9) has been proposed as a method for easily peeling the skin and endothelium simultaneously by performing enzyme treatment. With this technology, it was possible to solve the problem of “making it easier to separate the endothelium from the pulp without actually breaking the pulp”, but the time required to peel the outer skin and the endothelium and remove the pulp one by one from the individual pulp bunches Takes about 2 minutes and 28 seconds on average (Example 3), and both the outer skin and the inner skin need to be manually peeled off.

特開平1-304873号公報JP-A-1-304873 特公平5-20061号公報Japanese Patent Publication No.5-20061 特許第3617042号明細書Patent No. 3614702 specification 特開2008-86258号公報JP 2008-86258 A 特開平10-84928号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-84928 特許第2572476号明細書Patent No. 2572476 specification 特開平5-219914号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-219914 特開2004-159639号公報JP 2004-159639 A 特開2012-44984号公報JP 2012-44984 A

本発明は、柑橘類の効率的かつ高品質の果肉を得るための内皮除去方法の提供を目的とする。柑橘類果肉の加工食品を製造する際に、内皮の手剥き作業を行わないことで作業効率が向上し、かつ品質も生果実に近い状態で果肉を得ることが可能となる。   An object of this invention is to provide the endothelium removal method for obtaining the efficient and high quality pulp of citrus fruits. When manufacturing processed foods of citrus fruit pulp, it is possible to obtain pulp in a state in which the work efficiency is improved and the quality is close to that of fresh fruit by not performing the hand peeling operation of the endothelium.

従来技術(特許文献6,7)のセルラーゼおよびペクチナーゼ系酵素混合液での浸漬では外皮は剥皮しやすくなるが、内皮はそのまま堅固に残っており、果肉(じょうのう)から内皮を剥く必要があり、果肉を容易に取り出せるには至らなかった。また、特許文献9の方法では、外皮だけでなく内皮の剥皮も容易にすることができるが、外皮および内皮両方の手剥き作業は必要であり、外皮および内皮を剥皮し、個々の果肉房から果肉を一つ一つ取り出せるまでの時間は平均2分28秒程度要していた(実施例3)。   In the case of immersion in the cellulase and pectinase enzyme mixture of the prior art (Patent Documents 6 and 7), the outer skin is easily peeled off, but the inner skin remains solid as it is, and it is necessary to peel the inner skin from the pulp. Yes, the pulp could not be easily removed. Further, in the method of Patent Document 9, not only the outer skin but also the inner skin can be easily peeled off. However, both the outer skin and the inner skin must be manually peeled off, and the outer skin and the inner skin are peeled off from individual pulp bunches. It took about 2 minutes and 28 seconds on average to take out the pulp one by one (Example 3).

これらを鑑みて鋭意検討した結果、酵素処理反応を低温(20℃未満;好ましくは15℃以下、さらに好ましくは10℃以下)で長時間(3時間以上、5時間以上、あるいは15時間以上)行うことにより、内皮が完全に、あるいは殆ど溶解することが判った。また、低温での処理のため、果肉が生果肉に近い品位を維持していることが判った。以上のことから、本発明により作業効率向上、品質向上が認められた。   As a result of intensive studies in view of these, the enzyme treatment reaction is performed at a low temperature (less than 20 ° C; preferably 15 ° C or less, more preferably 10 ° C or less) for a long time (3 hours or more, 5 hours or more, or 15 hours or more). As a result, it was found that the endothelium was completely or almost dissolved. Moreover, it turned out that the pulp maintained the quality close | similar to raw pulp by the process at low temperature. From the above, improvement in work efficiency and quality were recognized by the present invention.

すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
[1] 内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法であって、(a) セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酵素を含む酵素液と柑橘類果実の内皮を接触させ、
(b) 酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、20℃未満の低温で3時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行う、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[2] 内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法であって、(a) セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酵素を含む酵素液と柑橘類果実の内皮を接触させ、
(b) 酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、20℃未満の低温で15時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行う、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[3] 10℃以下の低温で酵素処理を行う、[1]または[2]の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[4] 外皮がついた状態の果実の内部に酵素液を含浸させて、内皮と酵素が接触した状態で酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行うことを特徴とする、[1]〜[3]のいずれかの内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[5] 外皮がついた柑橘類果実の果実表面に、穴あけ処理からなる物理的処理を行った後、該果実を酵素液に浸漬して減圧下で含浸処理することを特徴とする、[4]の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[6] 外皮がついた柑橘類果実に酵素液をインジェクションにより注入して含浸処理することを特徴とする、[4]の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[7] 実割れしておらず、生鮮柑橘類果実の果肉の色と硬度が保持されている柑橘類果肉を製造する、[1]〜[6]のいずれかの内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
[8] [1]〜[7]のいずれかの方法により製造された、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉。
[9] 外皮はついたままで、内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実。
[10] [1]〜[6]のいずれかの方法により製造された、外皮はついたままで、内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実。
[11] 実割れしておらず、生鮮柑橘類果実の果肉の色と硬度が保持されている、[9]または[10]の柑橘類果実。
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A method for producing citrus pulp from which endothelium has been removed, comprising: (a) an enzyme solution comprising at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a cellulase enzyme, a pectinase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme And the citrus fruit endothelium,
(b) A method for producing a citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed, wherein the endothelium is subjected to processing at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C. for 3 hours or more in a state where the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact.
[2] A method for producing citrus pulp from which endothelium has been removed, comprising (a) an enzyme solution comprising at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of cellulase enzymes, pectinase enzymes, and hemicellulase enzymes And the citrus fruit endothelium,
(b) A method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed, wherein the endothelium is processed at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C. for 15 hours or more while the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact with each other.
[3] A method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium of [1] or [2] is removed, wherein the enzyme treatment is performed at a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower.
[4] It is characterized by impregnating an enzyme solution into the inside of a fruit with a skin, and performing a processing treatment including an enzyme treatment in a state where the endothelium and the enzyme are in contact with each other. [1] to [3] ] The manufacturing method of the citrus pulp from which any endothelium was removed.
[5] The fruit surface of a citrus fruit with an outer skin is subjected to a physical treatment consisting of drilling treatment, and then the fruit is immersed in an enzyme solution and impregnated under reduced pressure. [4] Of producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed.
[6] The method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed according to [4], wherein an enzyme solution is injected into a citrus fruit with an outer skin by injection.
[7] Manufacture citrus pulp that is not cracked and retains the color and hardness of fresh citrus fruit pulp, and from which the endothelium of any one of [1] to [6] is removed how to.
[8] A citrus pulp manufactured by any one of [1] to [7], from which the endothelium has been removed.
[9] Citrus fruit with the outer skin still attached and the endothelium removed.
[10] A citrus fruit produced by the method according to any one of [1] to [6], with the outer skin remaining attached and the inner skin removed.
[11] The citrus fruit of [9] or [10], which is not actually cracked and retains the color and hardness of the fresh citrus fruit pulp.

柑橘類果実の外皮および内皮の剥皮は現行手作業で行われており、外皮および内皮を手作業で剥皮して得られる果肉を利用した加工食品の商品化は高コストを伴う。これまで、外皮および内皮を一連の工程で同時に剥皮易化する方法があったが(特許文献9)、内外皮何れも手作業による剥皮作業が必要であった。本発明の方法によれば、内皮を手作業で剥くことなく除去することができるので、柑橘類果肉の加工食品を製造する際に、内皮の手剥き作業を行う必要がなく、外皮の剥皮のみを行えばよい。従って、本発明の方法を用いることで、格段に作業効率が向上する。また、本発明の方法は高温での処理を必要とすることなく、果肉にダメージを与えないので、果肉が生果肉に近い品位を維持しており、柑橘果肉を利用した高品位な加工食品を低コストで生産可能となる。   Citrus fruit skins and endothelium skinning are currently performed manually, and commercialization of processed foods using pulp obtained by manually skinning the skin and endothelium is costly. Up to now, there has been a method of facilitating the peeling of the outer skin and endothelium simultaneously in a series of steps (Patent Document 9), but both the inner and outer skins have to be manually peeled. According to the method of the present invention, since the endothelium can be removed without manually peeling it, when manufacturing a processed food of citrus pulp, it is not necessary to manually peel the endothelium. Just do it. Therefore, working efficiency is remarkably improved by using the method of the present invention. In addition, the method of the present invention does not require treatment at a high temperature and does not damage the pulp, so that the pulp maintains a quality close to that of raw pulp, and a high-quality processed food using citrus pulp can be obtained. Production is possible at low cost.

柑橘類果実の構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a citrus fruit. 温度により果肉(さのう)が受けるダメージ(試験管サイズでの評価, n=3)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the damage (evaluation in a test tube size, n = 3) which a pulp (sano) receives by temperature.

本発明は、柑橘類果実の内皮を分解除去する方法である。柑橘類果実の内皮とは、じょうのうを包む皮をいい、内皮の付いたじょうのうを果肉房という。本発明の方法によれば、内皮の除去を、内皮を剥くことなく、果肉の実割れを起こすことなく完全に行うことができる。本発明は、果肉の実割れを生じさせることなく内皮を除去し、柑橘類果肉を製造する方法でもある。得られる柑橘類果肉は、内皮が除去されており、実割れしていない柑橘類果肉である。ここで、内皮が除去されているとは、柑橘類果実のじょうのうを囲む内皮(じょうのう膜)がじょうのうから完全に、あるいはほとんど除去されていることをいい、目視により内皮が存在しないことを確認できることをいう。目視により内皮は分解により殆ど溶けているか、あるいは、溶け残りがないと確認することができる。また、実割れしていないとは、柑橘類果実のじょうのう部分がそのまま残っており、じょうのうを構成するさのう同士がくっついた状態になっており、もとのじょうのうの形がほとんど変化していないことをいう。熟度や産地、果樹により原料果実の段階で既に実割れしてしまっている場合や、収穫時やその後の外皮剥きの加工過程等で、物理的・人工的に実割れした場合などについては、本技術を用いた製造過程では、その実割れした状態のままほとんど状態が変化しないことも、「実割れしていない」との定義に含まれる。すなわち、本発明の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法の製造過程においては、新たに実割れが起こることがなく、本発明の方法によって実割れが誘発されることはない。本発明の方法は、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を、実割れを起こすことなく製造する方法でもある。   The present invention is a method for decomposing and removing the endothelium of citrus fruits. The inner skin of citrus fruit refers to the skin that wraps the carrot, and the carrot with the inner skin is called the pulp chamber. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to completely remove the endothelium without peeling off the endothelium and without causing actual cracking of the pulp. The present invention is also a method for producing citrus pulp by removing the endothelium without causing fruit cracks. The resulting citrus pulp is citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed and which is not actually broken. Here, the endothelium is removed means that the endothelium surrounding the citrus fruit bud (the capsular membrane) is completely or almost completely removed from the bud, and the endothelium is not visually present. It can be confirmed. It can be confirmed by visual observation that the endothelium is almost dissolved by decomposition or there is no undissolved residue. In addition, when the fruit is not cracked, the part of the citrus fruit remains as it is, and the parts of the fruit that make up the fruit are in contact with each other. Means almost no change. For cases where the fruit has already been cracked at the stage of the raw fruit due to ripeness, production area, fruit tree, or when it has been physically or artificially cracked at the time of harvesting or subsequent skin peeling, etc. In the manufacturing process using this technology, the fact that the actual cracked state hardly changes is also included in the definition of “no actual cracking”. That is, in the production process of the method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed according to the present invention, actual cracks do not newly occur, and actual cracks are not induced by the method of the present invention. The method of the present invention is also a method for producing citrus pulp from which endothelium has been removed without causing actual cracking.

本発明の方法においては、内皮の除去のために内皮の構成物を分解除去する酵素を用い、酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、20℃未満の低温で3時間以上、5時間以上、あるいは15時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行う。本発明において、20℃未満の低温で3時間以上、5時間以上、あるいは15時間以上酵素処理することを低温長時間酵素処理という。   In the method of the present invention, an enzyme that decomposes and removes the components of the endothelium to remove the endothelium is used, and the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact with each other at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C for 3 hours or more, 5 hours or more, or Processing including enzyme treatment for 15 hours or more. In the present invention, enzyme treatment at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C. for 3 hours or more, 5 hours or more, or 15 hours or more is referred to as low-temperature long-time enzyme treatment.

対象の柑橘類としては、グレープフルーツ、オレンジ、温州みかん、香酸柑橘(レモン、ゆず、ライム、かぼす、すだち、シークワーサー、だいだい、きんかん等)、その他柑橘(伊予柑、甘夏、夏みかん、デコポン、ポンカン、清見、日向夏、はっさく等)等が挙げられる。本発明の方法により処理する柑橘類果実は、外皮(外果皮(フラベド)及び内果皮(アルベド))を有する果実でもよいし、あらかじめ外皮を手作業等により剥いた果実であってもよい。また、外皮を剥いた後に果肉房(内皮つきのじょうのう)毎にばらばらにしたもの、すなわち、ほろ割したものを用いてもよい。外皮を有する果実を用いる場合は、酵素処理を行う前に穴あけ処理等の物理的処理を行い、内皮に酵素が作用し易くなるようにすることが望ましい。   The target citrus fruits include grapefruit, orange, Unshu mandarin orange, perfume citrus (lemon, yuzu, lime, pumpkin, sudachi, shikwasa, daidai, kankan, etc.) Kiyomi, Hyuga Summer, Hassaku, etc.). The citrus fruit to be treated by the method of the present invention may be a fruit having an outer skin (outer skin (flavedo) and inner skin (albedo)), or may be a fruit obtained by previously peeling the outer skin manually. Moreover, you may use what peeled for every flesh bun (endothelium with an endothelium) after peeling an outer_shell | shell_shell, ie, what was broken apart. When using a fruit having an outer skin, it is desirable to perform physical treatment such as drilling before the enzyme treatment so that the enzyme can easily act on the endothelium.

内皮の構成物を分解除去する酵素としては、セルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼおよびヘミセルラーゼが挙げられ、これら3種類のうち少なくとも1種を含む酵素を使用する。具体的には、例えばトリコデルマ・ビリデ(Trichoderma viride)、アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)、リゾパス(Rhizopus)属(リゾパス・ニベウス(Rhizopus niveus)、リゾパス・デレマー(Rhizopus delemar)等)、バシラス・サチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、ビブリオ・アルギノリチカス(Vibrio alginolyticus)等の産生する酵素が挙げられる。本発明において、セルラーゼ活性を有する酵素をセルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ活性を有する酵素をペクチナーゼ系酵素、ヘミセルラーゼ活性を有する酵素をヘミセルラーゼ系酵素という。すなわち、本発明の方法においては、セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素の3種類のうち少なくとも1種を含む酵素を使用する。また、セルラーゼ系酵素およびペクチナーゼ系酵素の2種類の混合酵素、セルラーゼ系酵素およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素の2種類の混合酵素、あるいはペクチナーゼ系酵素およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素の2種類の混合酵素を用いてもよいし、セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素及びヘミセルラーゼ系酵素の3種類の混合酵素を用いてもよい。   Examples of the enzyme that decomposes and removes the constituents of the endothelium include cellulase, pectinase, and hemicellulase, and an enzyme containing at least one of these three types is used. Specifically, for example, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus genus (Rhizopus niveus, Rhizopus delemar, etc.), Bacillus subtilis ( Examples include enzymes produced by Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio alginolyticus, and the like. In the present invention, an enzyme having cellulase activity is called a cellulase enzyme, an enzyme having pectinase activity is called a pectinase enzyme, and an enzyme having hemicellulase activity is called a hemicellulase enzyme. That is, in the method of the present invention, an enzyme containing at least one of three types of cellulase enzyme, pectinase enzyme and hemicellulase enzyme is used. Alternatively, two types of mixed enzymes of cellulase enzyme and pectinase enzyme, two types of mixed enzymes of cellulase enzyme and hemicellulase enzyme, or two types of mixed enzymes of pectinase enzyme and hemicellulase enzyme may be used. Alternatively, three types of mixed enzymes of cellulase enzyme, pectinase enzyme, and hemicellulase enzyme may be used.

酵素処理は、酵素液を柑橘類果実中に浸漬させればよい。酵素液の浸漬方法は、酵素液と内皮が接触している状態にできる方法であれば良く、果肉房(内皮つきのじょうのう)を酵素液に漬けた状態、あるいは外皮がついた状態のまま酵素液を柑橘類果実の外皮の内部に含浸させて内皮と酵素液が接触した状態にしても良い。酵素液の含浸方法としては、物理的処理で穴をあけた後、減圧状態で酵素液を柑橘類果実の外皮の内部に含浸させる方法や柑橘類果実の外皮の内部に一本または多数本の注射針状の針を先端に備えた器具等により酵素液をインジェクションする方法などが挙げられる。本発明において、酵素液を柑橘類果実の外皮の内部に含浸させることを含浸処理ということがある。柑橘類果実への物理的処理としては、内皮および外皮を有する完全な柑橘類果実への穴あけ処理が挙げられる。穴あけ処理は、果肉が損傷しない程度に果実の外皮表面から傷つけ処理を行うことをいう。穴あけ処理は、先の尖った細い針状の器具を用いて行うことができ、例えば、ようじ、ドライバー、錐、千枚通し等を用いることができる。また、一度に複数の穴をあけるために、食器として用いられる家庭用フォークや生け花用の剣山、およびテンダライザー等も用い得る。さらに、カッター、ドリル、ミシン等を含む自動穴あけ機、ナイフなどの刃物類、レーザー、超音波、風圧および水圧等を利用した傷つけ処理も含む。穴あけは、柑橘類果実の表面から上記器具を用いて穴を開ける。穴あけ処理は、柑橘類果実の加工の次の工程の酵素処理の際に、酵素が外皮の内部および内皮に接触できるようにするために行う。酵素液を柑橘類果実中に含ませるために、好ましくは減圧下で浸漬処理を行う。より詳細には上記の物理的処理を施した柑橘類果実を、上記の濃度で調製した酵素液に漬けて、好ましくは720mmHg以上にて5分間以上の減圧処理を実施する。   The enzyme treatment may be performed by immersing the enzyme solution in citrus fruits. The enzyme solution may be immersed in any way as long as the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact with each other, and the pulp chamber (with endothelium) is immersed in the enzyme solution, or the outer skin is still attached. The enzyme solution may be impregnated into the outer skin of the citrus fruit so that the endothelium and the enzyme solution are in contact with each other. As a method for impregnating the enzyme solution, after making a hole by physical treatment, a method of impregnating the enzyme solution in the inner skin of the citrus fruit under reduced pressure, or one or many injection needles in the inner skin of the citrus fruit For example, a method of injecting an enzyme solution with an instrument or the like equipped with a needle at the tip. In the present invention, impregnation of the enzyme solution into the outer skin of the citrus fruit is sometimes referred to as impregnation treatment. Examples of the physical treatment for citrus fruits include a drilling treatment for complete citrus fruits having an inner skin and an outer skin. The hole punching process refers to performing a damage process from the skin surface of the fruit to such an extent that the pulp is not damaged. The drilling process can be performed using a thin needle-like instrument having a sharp point, and for example, a toothpick, a driver, a cone, a threader, or the like can be used. Moreover, in order to open a plurality of holes at a time, a household fork used as tableware, a sword mountain for ikebana, a tenderizer, or the like can also be used. Further, it includes an automatic drilling machine including cutters, drills, sewing machines, etc., blades such as knives, scratching processes using laser, ultrasonic waves, wind pressure, water pressure, and the like. In the drilling, a hole is drilled from the surface of the citrus fruit using the above instrument. The drilling process is performed so that the enzyme can come into contact with the inside of the outer skin and the inner skin during the enzyme treatment in the next step of processing the citrus fruit. In order to include the enzyme solution in the citrus fruit, the immersion treatment is preferably performed under reduced pressure. More specifically, the citrus fruit subjected to the above-described physical treatment is immersed in an enzyme solution prepared at the above-mentioned concentration, and a reduced pressure treatment is preferably performed at 720 mmHg or more for 5 minutes or more.

酵素反応は、20℃未満の低温、好ましくは15℃以下、さらに好ましくは10℃以下で15時間以上反応させる。温度の下限は、柑橘類果実が凍結してしまう温度であり、例えば、4℃以上、6℃以上、又は8℃以上で酵素反応を行わせるのが好ましい。10℃以下で反応させることを冷蔵状態で反応させるということもある。反応中は、酵素液と内皮が接触した状態にあればよく、外皮がついた状態のままのホール果実を酵素液に浸漬した状態であっても、あるいは酵素液に10分以上浸漬させた後に酵素液から引き上げて酵素反応を3時間以上、5時間以上、あるいは15時間以上行わせても良い。また、上記のように、外皮を剥いた果実を低温酵素処理してもよい。この際、外皮を有する果実を上記酵素を用いて40℃以上の高温(酵素の至適条件付近の温度)で短時間処理することにより外皮を剥き易くし、手作業で外皮を剥くことにより得られる内皮の付いた果肉房(ほろ割してばらばらにしたもの)を低温酵素処理してもよい。高温短時間処理として、例えば40〜50℃、1時間以内の処理が挙げられる。このような1時間程度の高温短時間処理では、外皮は酵素処理を受けて剥き易くなるが、内皮は酵素の影響を受けず、さらに果肉の品質にも影響はない。さらに、外皮を剥いた後に果肉房(内皮つきのじょうのう)毎にばらばらにしていないもの、すなわち、ほろ割していないものを低温酵素処理してもよい。   The enzymatic reaction is performed at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C., preferably 15 ° C. or less, more preferably 10 ° C. or less, for 15 hours or more. The lower limit of the temperature is a temperature at which the citrus fruit freezes. For example, the enzyme reaction is preferably performed at 4 ° C or higher, 6 ° C or higher, or 8 ° C or higher. In some cases, the reaction at 10 ° C. or lower is performed in a refrigerated state. During the reaction, it is sufficient that the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact with each other. Even if the whole fruit with the outer skin is immersed in the enzyme solution, or after being immersed in the enzyme solution for 10 minutes or more The enzyme reaction may be carried out for 3 hours or more, 5 hours or more, or 15 hours or more by pulling up from the enzyme solution. In addition, as described above, the peeled fruit may be subjected to a low-temperature enzyme treatment. At this time, it is easy to peel the skin by treating the fruit with a skin for a short time at a high temperature of 40 ° C. or higher (temperature near the optimum condition of the enzyme) using the above enzyme, and it is obtained by peeling the skin manually. It is also possible to treat the fruit bunches with endothelium (broken apart and separated) by low-temperature enzyme treatment. Examples of the high-temperature short-time treatment include treatment at 40 to 50 ° C. for 1 hour or less. In such a high-temperature short-time treatment of about 1 hour, the outer skin is easily peeled off by the enzyme treatment, but the endothelium is not affected by the enzyme and further does not affect the quality of the pulp. Furthermore, after peeling off the outer skin, the fruit bunches (endothelium-attached fungi) that are not separated, that is, those that are not broken may be subjected to low-temperature enzyme treatment.

酵素は、対象の柑橘類果実の種類によっても異なるが、水に酵素0.1〜2.5質量%、好ましくは0.15〜2.0質量%を添加し、よく懸濁して用いる。柑橘類果実を酵素液に浸漬させるときの酵素液の量は、内皮と酵素液が十分接触するだけの量であれば良い。該酵素濃度は、混合酵素を用いる場合は、酵素全体のトータル濃度である。なお、酵素処理は柑橘類果実を酵素液に浸漬させた状態で行っても、一旦柑橘類果実を酵素液に10分以上浸漬させた後に酵素液から引き上げて酵素反応を行わせてもよいが、後者の場合、用いる酵素の濃度は、0.1〜2.5質量%、好ましくは0.35〜2.0質量%が好ましい。   The enzyme varies depending on the type of the target citrus fruit, but 0.1 to 2.5% by mass, preferably 0.15 to 2.0% by mass of the enzyme is added to water, and is used after being well suspended. The amount of the enzyme solution when the citrus fruit is immersed in the enzyme solution may be an amount that allows the endothelium and the enzyme solution to be in sufficient contact. The enzyme concentration is the total concentration of the whole enzyme when a mixed enzyme is used. The enzyme treatment may be performed in a state in which citrus fruits are immersed in the enzyme solution, or after the citrus fruits are once immersed in the enzyme solution for 10 minutes or more, the enzyme reaction may be performed by pulling up from the enzyme solution. In this case, the concentration of the enzyme used is 0.1 to 2.5% by mass, preferably 0.35 to 2.0% by mass.

本発明の低温長時間酵素処理の処理時間は、酵素濃度によって変えてもよく、酵素濃度が高くなれば、処理時間を短くすることができる。例えば、15℃以下あるいは10℃以下、例えば、9℃で、酵素濃度が0.6質量%より大きいとき、例えば、0.6質量%より大きく2.5質量%以下のとき、あるいは0.7質量%より大きく2.5質量%以下のとき、3時間以上の酵素処理を行うことにより果肉の品質を保ちながら内皮を除去することができる。また、酵素濃度が0.4質量%以上のとき、例えば、0.4質量%以上0.6質量%以下のとき、5時間以上の酵素処理を行うことにより果肉の品質を保ちながら内皮を除去することができる。また、これより低いとき、例えば、0.1〜0.4質量%のとき、5時間を超える時間、例えば、10時間以上、あるいは15時間以上の酵素処理を行うことにより果肉の品質を保ちながら内皮を除去することができる。   The treatment time of the low-temperature and long-time enzyme treatment of the present invention may be changed depending on the enzyme concentration. If the enzyme concentration is increased, the treatment time can be shortened. For example, at 15 ° C. or less or 10 ° C. or less, for example, 9 ° C., when the enzyme concentration is greater than 0.6% by mass, for example, greater than 0.6% by mass and less than 2.5% by mass, or 0.7% When the content is greater than 2.5% by mass and less than 2.5% by mass, the endothelium can be removed while maintaining the quality of the pulp by performing the enzyme treatment for 3 hours or more. In addition, when the enzyme concentration is 0.4% by mass or more, for example, 0.4% by mass or more and 0.6% by mass or less, the endothelium is removed while maintaining the quality of the pulp by performing the enzyme treatment for 5 hours or more. can do. Moreover, when it is lower than this, for example, when it is 0.1 to 0.4% by mass, while maintaining the quality of the pulp by performing the enzyme treatment for more than 5 hours, for example, 10 hours or more, or 15 hours or more. The endothelium can be removed.

酵素の至適温度付近の高温下で処理を行う場合、苦味物質が生成する場合があるが、本発明の方法においては、低温で酵素処理を行うため、苦味物質が生成する可能性は低い。ただし、酵素反応中に苦味生成抑制として、ナリンギナーゼを添加してもよい。   When the treatment is performed at a high temperature around the optimum temperature of the enzyme, a bitter substance may be generated. However, in the method of the present invention, since the enzyme treatment is performed at a low temperature, the possibility that a bitter substance is generated is low. However, naringinase may be added as a bitter taste suppression during the enzyme reaction.

上記処理により、内皮が除去された果肉を得ることができる。外皮がついた果実のまま酵素液をその内部に含浸させて内皮と酵素が接触した状態で処理を行う場合には、内皮は完全に除去されているが、外皮は外見上残存している。しかし、この外皮は容易に手で剥ける状態であり、果肉が損傷しない程度であれば、例えば各種機器、水圧、風圧等を利用した物理的処理によっても剥皮は可能である。   By the said process, the pulp from which the endothelium was removed can be obtained. In the case where the enzyme solution is impregnated inside the fruit with the outer skin and the treatment is performed in a state where the endothelium and the enzyme are in contact with each other, the inner skin is completely removed, but the outer skin remains in appearance. However, the skin is easily peeled by hand, and can be peeled by physical treatment using various devices, water pressure, wind pressure, etc., as long as the pulp is not damaged.

本発明は、上記の内皮除去方法で製造した柑橘類果肉をも包含する。該果肉は、酵素処理した後、洗浄する場合があるが、外皮や内皮に浸漬した酵素を完全に洗い流すことは難しい。また、果実を酵素で処理した後、酵素について失活処理を行う場合もあるが、この場合でも酵素タンパク質自体は残存し得る。従って、本発明の剥皮易化方法で製造した柑橘類果実の外皮および内皮組織にはセルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、ヘミセルラーゼ系酵素のいずれかが残存している。該果肉は、これらの酵素を検出可能に含んでいる。ここで検出可能に含んでいるとは、例えば、抗体を用いた免疫学的測定法により検出可能な程度に含まれていることをいう。残っている酵素は、活性を有している場合も、失活している場合もある。   The present invention also includes citrus pulp produced by the above-described method for removing endothelium. The pulp may be washed after the enzyme treatment, but it is difficult to completely wash away the enzyme immersed in the outer skin or the endothelium. In addition, after the fruit is treated with an enzyme, the enzyme may be inactivated, but in this case, the enzyme protein itself may remain. Therefore, any of cellulase enzymes, pectinase enzymes, and hemicellulase enzymes remain in the outer skin and endothelial tissue of citrus fruits produced by the method for facilitating the peeling of the present invention. The pulp contains these enzymes detectably. Here, the term “detectably contained” means that it is contained to such an extent that it can be detected by an immunoassay using an antibody, for example. The remaining enzyme may be active or inactivated.

本発明の方法により得られる内皮が除去されている柑橘類果肉は、実割れが生じていない。また、低温で酵素処理を行うため、果肉が高温による損傷等を受けることがないので、酵素処理をしていない果肉に比較して、軟化しておらず同様のかたさを保持しており、また退色も認められず同様の色を保持している。すなわち、生鮮柑橘類果実の果肉の色と硬度が保持されている。   The citrus pulp from which the endothelium obtained by the method of the present invention has been removed has no actual cracking. In addition, since the enzyme treatment is performed at a low temperature, the pulp is not damaged by a high temperature, so it is not softened and retains the same hardness compared to the pulp that has not been subjected to the enzyme treatment. No fading is observed and the same color is maintained. That is, the color and hardness of the flesh of fresh citrus fruits are maintained.

さらに、外皮を有する柑橘類果実に対して本発明の方法により内皮除去を行う場合、外皮は果肉を囲む状態で残存しているが、外皮の中に存在する果肉房に内皮が付いていない果実を得ることができる。本発明は、このような外皮はついたままであるが、内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実をも包含する。外皮がついた果実のまま酵素液をその内部に含浸させて内皮と酵素が接触した状態で処理を行う場合には、内皮は完全に除去されているが、外皮は外見上残存している。図1に柑橘類の果実の構造を、果実を中央から切断した状態で示すが、外皮がついたままで内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実は図1の外皮(外果皮(フラベド)及び内果皮(アルベド))及びじょうのうを有するが、じょうのうを囲む内皮を有しない。   Furthermore, when the endothelium is removed by the method of the present invention for the citrus fruit having an outer skin, the outer skin remains in a state surrounding the pulp, but the fruit without the inner skin is attached to the pulp chamber existing in the outer skin. Can be obtained. The present invention also encompasses citrus fruits with such an outer skin remaining but with the endothelium removed. In the case where the enzyme solution is impregnated inside the fruit with the outer skin and the treatment is performed in a state where the endothelium and the enzyme are in contact with each other, the inner skin is completely removed, but the outer skin remains in appearance. FIG. 1 shows the structure of a citrus fruit in a state where the fruit is cut from the center. The citrus fruit in a state where the inner skin is removed while the outer skin is attached is the outer skin (flavedo) and inner pericarp ( Albedo)), but has no endothelium surrounding it.

本発明は、(a) セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酵素を含む酵素液と柑橘類果実の内皮を接触させ、(b) 酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、20℃未満の低温で15時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行うことを含む、柑橘類果実の内皮を除去する方法も包含する。   The present invention comprises (a) contacting an enzyme solution containing at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a cellulase enzyme, a pectinase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme with the endothelium of citrus fruit, and (b) an enzyme solution. And a method of removing the citrus fruit endothelium, which includes performing a treatment including an enzyme treatment at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C. for 15 hours or more in a state where the endothelium is in contact with the endothelium.

(調製例1)内皮付果肉房の調製
本発明の低温長時間処理による内皮除去の効果を検討するために、外皮を除去した内皮付果肉房(ほろ割してばらばらにしたもの)の調製を行った。
(Preparation example 1) Preparation of fruit bunches with endothelium In order to examine the effect of removing the endothelium by the low-temperature long-time treatment of the present invention, the preparation of the flesh bunches with endothelium from which the outer skin had been removed (those broken apart) went.

(a)試料
アメリカ産および南アフリカ産グレープフルーツ(ホワイト)、セルラーゼ・“オノズカ”3S(セルラーゼ系酵素、ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社、以下オノズカ)、ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90(ヘミセルラーゼ系酵素、天野エンザイム株式会社、以下アマノ90)を用いた。酵素液は、オノズカ0.1質量%とアマノ90を0.2質量%を混合したものを使用した。
(A) Sample American and South African grapefruit (white), cellulase “Onozuka” 3S (cellulase enzyme, Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as Onozuka), hemicellulase “Amano” 90 (hemicellulase enzyme, Amano Enzyme) A company, Amano 90) was used. As the enzyme solution, a mixture of 0.1% by mass of Onozuka and 0.2% by mass of Amano 90 was used.

(b)方法
グレープフルーツ(以下GF)に対して千枚通しを用いて、穴あけ処理(果実体に満遍なく100箇所程度施す)を行った。GF重量の2倍量の酵素液に穴あけ処理を行ったGFを浸し、720mmHg下で5分間の減圧下での浸漬処理を行った。酵素液からGFを取り出し、45℃のお湯に漬けて30分間反応を行い、果実体を流水下で30分以上冷却したのち、外皮を剥皮し、ほろ割して内皮付果肉房を調製した。本調製例で調製した内皮付果肉房の内皮の状態は未処理のグレープフルーツの内皮付果肉房の内皮の状態と変わらなかった。このことは、45℃での30分間の酵素処理では、内皮除去効果がないことを示す。
(B) Method Using a thousand pieces of grapefruit (hereinafter referred to as GF), a punching process (applying to the fruit body uniformly at about 100 locations) was performed. GF that had been subjected to drilling treatment was immersed in an enzyme solution having twice the weight of GF, and immersion treatment was performed under reduced pressure at 720 mmHg for 5 minutes. GF was taken out from the enzyme solution, soaked in 45 ° C. hot water and reacted for 30 minutes. After cooling the fruit body for 30 minutes or more under running water, the outer skin was peeled off and cracked to prepare a fruit meat bun with endothelium. The state of the endothelium of the endodermal fruit bunches prepared in this Preparation Example was not different from that of the untreated grapefruit endothelium. This shows that the endothelium removal effect is not obtained by enzyme treatment at 45 ° C. for 30 minutes.

(実施例1)内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理による内皮除去効果の確認
(a)試料
アメリカ産GF(ホワイト)から調製例1で調製した内皮付果肉房、セルラーゼ・“オノズカ”3S(セルラーゼ系酵素、ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社、以下オノズカ)、ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90(ヘミセルラーゼ系酵素、天野エンザイム株式会社、以下アマノ90)を用いた。酵素液は、オノズカ0.1質量%とアマノ90を0.2質量%を混合したものを使用した。
(Example 1) Confirmation of the effect of removing endothelium by low-temperature and long-term treatment using endodermal pulp bunches (a) Sample Endothelial flesh bunches prepared in Preparation Example 1 from American GF (white), cellulase “Onozuka” 3S (Cellulase enzyme, Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., hereinafter Onozuka), hemicellulase “Amano” 90 (hemicellulase enzyme, Amano Enzyme, Inc., hereinafter Amano 90) were used. As the enzyme solution, a mixture of 0.1% by mass of Onozuka and 0.2% by mass of Amano 90 was used.

(b)方法
内皮付果肉房300 gを酵素液600 gに浸漬し、下記(表1)の条件で反応させた、所定時間終了後の果肉の状態を観察した。果肉の状態は、内皮の除去程度を観察し、さらに果肉の軟化、身割れ、退色の有無を観察し、果肉の品質を評価した。果肉に軟化、実割れ、退色が観察されない方が品質がよい。
(B) Method The state of the pulp after completion | finish for the predetermined time which immersed 300g of pulp flesh with endothelium in 600 g of enzyme solutions, and was made to react on the conditions of the following (Table 1) was observed. The condition of the pulp was evaluated by observing the degree of removal of the endothelium, and further observing the presence or absence of softening, cracking and fading of the pulp. The quality is better if softening, cracking, and fading are not observed in the pulp.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
表2に結果を示す。表2に示すように、内皮の除去具合、ならびに果肉の品質面から、C試験区が最も良好であり、低温長時間反応させることで、内皮が除去されることが確認された。なお、結果中の「果肉の品質」の「明らかに劣っている」、「劣っている」及び「良い」とは、酵素処理していない果実であって、生鮮果実として市場で流通する果実の果肉と比較して、実割れ、かたさ、色等の観点から評価した結果である。
(C) Results Table 2 shows the results. As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the C test section was the best in terms of the removal of the endothelium and the quality of the pulp, and that the endothelium was removed by reacting at low temperature for a long time. In the results, “apparently inferior”, “inferior” and “good” of “fruit pulp quality” are fruits that have not been enzymatically treated and are fresh fruits. It is the result evaluated from viewpoints of a real crack, hardness, a color, etc. compared with pulp.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例2)外皮付果実を使用した低温長時間処理による内皮除去効果の確認
(a)試料
アメリカ産GF(ホワイト)、セルラーゼ・“オノズカ”3S(セルラーゼ系酵素、ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社、以下オノズカ)、ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90(ヘミセルラーゼ系酵素、天野エンザイム株式会社、以下アマノ90)を用いた。酵素液は、オノズカ0.1質量%とアマノ90を0.2質量%を混合したものを使用した。
(Example 2) Confirmation of endothelium removal effect by low-temperature and long-time treatment using fruit with skin (a) Sample American GF (White), Cellulase &"Onozuka" 3S (Cellulase enzyme, Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., below) Onozuka), hemicellulase “Amano” 90 (hemicellulase enzyme, Amano Enzyme Inc., hereinafter Amano 90) was used. As the enzyme solution, a mixture of 0.1% by mass of Onozuka and 0.2% by mass of Amano 90 was used.

(b)方法
グレープフルーツ(以下GF)に対して千枚通しを用いて、穴あけ処理を行った。GF重量の2倍量の酵素液に穴あけ処理を行ったGFを浸し、720mmHg下で5分間の減圧下での浸漬処理を行った。酵素液からGFを取り出し、ドリップが外に流れ出ないように袋詰めした状態で、下記(表3)の条件で反応後、外皮を剥皮した後、果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method Drilling was performed using a thousand sheets of grapefruit (hereinafter referred to as GF). GF that had been subjected to drilling treatment was immersed in an enzyme solution having twice the weight of GF, and immersion treatment was performed under reduced pressure at 720 mmHg for 5 minutes. The GF was taken out from the enzyme solution, packed in a bag so that the drip did not flow out, and reacted under the conditions shown below (Table 3). After peeling the outer skin, the state of the pulp was observed.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
結果を表4に示す。表4に示すように、内皮の除去具合、ならびに果肉の品質面から、B試験区が良好であり、外皮付果実を使用した場合でも、低温長時間反応させることで、内皮が除去されることが確認された。また、本実施例により外皮がついたままで内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実を製造することができた。
(C) Results Table 4 shows the results. As shown in Table 4, the test area B is good in terms of the removal of endothelium and the quality of the pulp, and the endothelium is removed by reacting at low temperature for a long time even when using fruit with a crust. Was confirmed. Moreover, the citrus fruit in the state from which the inner skin was removed with the outer skin attached by the present Example was able to be manufactured.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例3)酵素種の検討(内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理)
(a)試料
南アフリカ産GF(ホワイト)から調製例1で調製した内皮付果肉房、表5に示す酵素製剤を使用した。
(Example 3) Examination of enzyme species (low-temperature and long-time treatment using a pulp chamber with endothelium)
(A) Sample Fruit bunches with endothelium prepared in Preparation Example 1 from South African GF (white), the enzyme preparations shown in Table 5 were used.

(b)方法
内皮付果肉房300 gを各酵素液(表5)600 gに浸漬し、9℃で17時間反応させた後、果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method After immersing 300 g of the pulp meat with endothelium in 600 g of each enzyme solution (Table 5) and reacting at 9 ° C. for 17 hours, the state of the pulp was observed.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
結果を表6に示す。表6に示すように、内皮の除去具合、ならびに果肉の品質面から、いずれの試験区も良好であった。
(C) Results Table 6 shows the results. As shown in Table 6, all test sections were good in terms of the removal of endothelium and the quality of the pulp.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例4)酵素濃度の検討(内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理)
(a)試料
南アフリカ産GF(ホワイト)から調製例1で調製した内皮付果肉房、ビスコザイムL(ノボザイム社)を使用した。
(Example 4) Examination of enzyme concentration (low-temperature long-time treatment using a flesh with endothelium)
(A) Sample A flesh tuft with endothelium prepared in Preparation Example 1 from South African GF (white), Viscozyme L (Novozyme) was used.

(b)方法
内皮付果肉房300gを各濃度(表7)に調製した酵素液300gに浸漬し、9℃で17時間反応させた後、果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method After immersing 300 g of pulped bunches with endothelium in 300 g of enzyme solution prepared at various concentrations (Table 7) and reacting at 9 ° C. for 17 hours, the state of the pulp was observed.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
結果を表8に示す。表8に示すように、G試験区では内皮の溶け残りがあった。A〜F試験区では、除去具合、ならびに果肉の品質面から、いずれの試験区も良好であった。
(C) Results Table 8 shows the results. As shown in Table 8, there was residual undissolved endothelium in the G test section. In the A to F test sections, all the test sections were good in terms of the degree of removal and the quality of the pulp.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例5)酵素液浸漬直後に引き上げて反応させた場合の検討(内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理)
(a)試料
南アフリカ産GF(ホワイト)から調製例1で調製した内皮付果肉房、ビスコザイムL(ノボザイム社)を使用した。
(Example 5) Examination in the case of raising and reacting immediately after immersion in an enzyme solution (low-temperature long-term treatment using a flesh with endothelium)
(A) Sample A flesh tuft with endothelium prepared in Preparation Example 1 from South African GF (white), Viscozyme L (Novozyme) was used.

(b)方法
内皮付果肉房300gを各濃度(表9)に調製した酵素液300gに浸漬し、30分後に酵素液から引き上げて、ドリップが外に流れ出ないように袋詰めした状態で、9℃で17時間反応させた後、果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method In a state where 300 g of the fruited meat bun with endothelium was immersed in 300 g of the enzyme solution prepared to each concentration (Table 9), pulled up from the enzyme solution after 30 minutes, and packed in a bag so that the drip did not flow out. After reacting at 17 ° C. for 17 hours, the state of the pulp was observed.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
結果を表10に示す。表10に示すように、F〜G試験区では内皮の溶け残りがあった。A〜E試験区では、除去具合、ならびに果肉の品質面から、いずれの試験区も良好であった。なお、試験区A〜Cでは、浸漬時間10分でも内皮除去効果が認められた。
(C) Results Table 10 shows the results. As shown in Table 10, there was undissolved residual endothelium in the FG test group. In the A to E test sections, all of the test sections were good in terms of the degree of removal and the quality of the pulp. In addition, in the test sections A to C, the endothelium removing effect was recognized even with an immersion time of 10 minutes.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例6)温度による果肉(さのう)へのダメージ(試験管サイズでの評価)
(a)方法
1.酵素液の調製
ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90を、0.25%となるように0.1 M酢酸・酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.5)に溶解した。
(Example 6) Damage to pulp due to temperature (evaluation with test tube size)
(A) Method 1. Preparation of Enzyme Solution Hemicellulase “Amano” 90 was dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid / sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) to a concentration of 0.25%.

2.基質(グレープフルーツ凍結乾燥粉末)の調製
品種は、南アフリカ産マーシュ種(2010年6〜7月収穫品)を用いた。グレープフルーツ果実のさのうを分離し、それぞれ凍結乾燥させた後、粉砕機を用いて破砕した。
2. Preparation of Substrate (Grapefruit Lyophilized Powder) As the cultivar, South African marsh species (June-July 2010 harvest) were used. Grapefruit berries were separated, freeze-dried, and crushed using a pulverizer.

3.酵素反応
反応温度として、45℃(従来法)および9℃(低温長時間反応)で所定時間酵素反応を行った。
3. Enzyme reaction The enzyme reaction was carried out for a predetermined time at 45 ° C. (conventional method) and 9 ° C. (low temperature long time reaction).

4.測定方法
1.5mL容量のエッペンドルフチューブに乾燥粉末(20 mg)を採取し、0.1 M酢酸・酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.5)250μLを添加した後、各反応温度で30分程度プレインキュベートした。そこへ酵素液を200μL添加し、各条件で反応させた後、残存した基質をエタノール(1000μL)で沈殿させた。遠心分離(15000 rpm、15分×1回、3分×2回)を用いて上清を可能な限り取り除き、沈殿物量を測定した。酵素の代わりに0.1 M酢酸・酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液を添加したものをコントロール(分解なし)とし、コントロールの沈殿物量に対する分解率を次の式で算出した。
分解率(%)=[沈殿物量(コントロール)―沈殿物量(酵素反応試験区)]/沈殿物量(コントロール)×100
4). Measuring method
A dry powder (20 mg) was collected in an Eppendorf tube having a volume of 1.5 mL, 250 μL of 0.1 M acetic acid / sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) was added, and then preincubated for about 30 minutes at each reaction temperature. 200 μL of enzyme solution was added thereto and reacted under each condition, and then the remaining substrate was precipitated with ethanol (1000 μL). The supernatant was removed as much as possible using centrifugation (15000 rpm, 15 minutes × 1 time, 3 minutes × 2 times), and the amount of precipitate was measured. What added 0.1 M acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer instead of the enzyme was made into control (no decomposition | disassembly), and the decomposition rate with respect to the amount of deposits of control was computed by the following formula | equation.
Degradation rate (%) = [precipitate amount (control) −precipitate amount (enzyme reaction test section)] / precipitate amount (control) × 100

(b)結果
結果を図2に示す。図2に示すように、45℃の高温処理では、処理後3時間でさのうの分解率は42%にまで達したが、9℃の低温処理では、処理後20時間で分解率は30%程度と、高温に比べて果肉へのダメージが少ないことがわかった。
(B) Results The results are shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 2, in the high temperature treatment at 45 ° C, the decomposition rate of sago reached 42% in 3 hours after the treatment, but in the low temperature treatment at 9 ° C, the decomposition rate was 30 in 20 hours after the treatment. It was found that the damage to the flesh was less than the high temperature, about%.

(実施例7)グレープフルーツ以外の柑橘類果実の内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理による内皮除去効果の確認
(a)試料
オーストラリア産のバレンシアオレンジとネーブルオレンジ、日本国産の伊予柑、甘夏、はっさくの計5種類について、それぞれの内皮付果肉房を調製例1に記載の方法で調製し用いた。酵素製剤はビスコザイムL(ノボザイム社)を使用した。
(Example 7) Confirmation of endothelium removal effect by low-temperature and long-time treatment using edible meat bunches of citrus fruits other than grapefruit (a) Sample Valencia orange and navel orange from Australia, Iyokan from Japan, Amatsuka, With respect to a total of 5 types of Hassaku, each of the fruited bunches with endothelium was prepared and used by the method described in Preparation Example 1. Viscozyme L (Novozyme) was used as the enzyme preparation.

(b)方法
各柑橘類の内皮付果肉房300 gを0.20質量%濃度に調製した酵素液300 gに浸漬し、9℃で17時間反応させた後、果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method After immersing 300 g of each citrus fruited bunches in 300 g of enzyme solution prepared to a concentration of 0.20% by mass and reacting at 9 ° C. for 17 hours, the state of the pulp was observed.

(c)結果
結果を表11に示す。5種類いずれの柑橘類果肉房も内皮は良好に除去され、果肉の品質も良好であった。
(C) Results Table 11 shows the results. In all five types of citrus fruit bunches, the endothelium was well removed, and the quality of the pulp was also good.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(実施例8)反応時間の検討(内皮付果肉房を使用した低温長時間処理)
(a)試料
アメリカ産のグレープフルーツ(ホワイト)の内皮付果肉房を調製例1に記載の方法で調製し用いた。酵素製剤はビスコザイムL(ノボザイム社)を使用した。
(Example 8) Examination of reaction time (low-temperature long-time treatment using a flesh with endothelium)
(A) Sample A US-grown grapefruit (white) flesh with endothelium was prepared by the method described in Preparation Example 1 and used. Viscozyme L (Novozyme) was used as the enzyme preparation.

(b)方法
表12に示す各濃度に調製した酵素液300 gに、内皮付果肉房300 gをそれぞれ浸漬し9℃で反応させ、反応開始から1時間後、3時間後、および5時間後の果肉の状態を観察した。
(B) Method 300 g of enzyme-treated meat bunches are immersed in 300 g of enzyme solutions prepared at the respective concentrations shown in Table 12 and reacted at 9 ° C. After 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours from the start of the reaction. The state of the flesh was observed.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

(c)結果
結果を表13に示す。1時間反応後ではいずれの試験区も内皮の溶け残りが見られたが、3時間反応後では酵素濃度0.80および1.00質量%条件で内皮は除去された。5時間反応後では、酵素濃度0.40質量%の条件では内皮は殆どが溶解し、同0.50%以上では良好に除去された。いずれの試験区も果肉の品質は良好であった。
(C) Results Table 13 shows the results. After the reaction for 1 hour, undissolved endothelium was observed in all test sections, but after the reaction for 3 hours, the endothelium was removed under the enzyme concentration conditions of 0.80 and 1.00% by mass. After the reaction for 5 hours, most of the endothelium was dissolved under the condition of enzyme concentration of 0.40% by mass, and was well removed at 0.50% or more. In all the test plots, the quality of the pulp was good.

Figure 0005624181
Figure 0005624181

Claims (9)

内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法であって、(a) セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酵素を含む酵素液と柑橘類果実の内皮を接触させ、
(b) 酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、10℃以下の低温で、酵素液中の酵素濃度が0.8質量%以上のときに3時間以上、酵素液中の酵素濃度が0.4〜0.8質量%のときに5時間以上、酵素液中の酵素濃度が0.1〜0.4質量%のときに15時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行う、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
A method for producing citrus pulp from which endothelium has been removed, comprising: (a) an enzyme solution containing at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a cellulase enzyme, a pectinase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme; and a citrus fruit Contact the endothelium of
(b) When the enzyme solution is in contact with the endothelium at a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower and the enzyme concentration in the enzyme solution is 0.8 mass% or more , the enzyme concentration in the enzyme solution is 0.4 hours or more . The endothelium is removed by performing a processing treatment including an enzyme treatment for 5 hours or longer when the enzyme concentration in the enzyme solution is 0.1 to 0.4 mass% for 15 hours or more when it is -0.8 mass%. A method for producing citrus pulp.
内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法であって、(a) セルラーゼ系酵素、ペクチナーゼ系酵素、およびヘミセルラーゼ系酵素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酵素を含む酵素液と柑橘類果実の内皮を接触させ、
(b) 酵素液と内皮が接触した状態で、20℃未満の低温で15時間以上酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行う、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。
A method for producing citrus pulp from which endothelium has been removed, comprising: (a) an enzyme solution containing at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a cellulase enzyme, a pectinase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme; and a citrus fruit Contact the endothelium of
(b) A method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed, wherein the endothelium is processed at a low temperature of less than 20 ° C. for 15 hours or more while the enzyme solution and the endothelium are in contact with each other.
10℃以下の低温で酵素処理を行う、請求項1または2に記載の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。   The method for producing citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzyme treatment is performed at a low temperature of 10 ° C or lower. 外皮がついた状態の果実の内部に酵素液を含浸させて、内皮と酵素が接触した状態で酵素処理することを含む加工処理を行うことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。   Any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by performing the process which impregnates the inside of the fruit of the state in which the outer skin | attached state impregnated with the enzyme liquid, and performs an enzyme treatment in the state which contacted the endothelium and the enzyme. A method for producing a citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed. 外皮がついた柑橘類果実の果実表面に、穴あけ処理からなる物理的処理を行った後、該果実を酵素液に浸漬して減圧下で含浸処理することを特徴とする、請求項4記載の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。   5. The endothelium according to claim 4, wherein the fruit surface of the citrus fruit with an outer skin is subjected to a physical treatment consisting of a drilling treatment, and then the fruit is immersed in an enzyme solution and impregnated under reduced pressure. A method for producing citrus pulp from which water has been removed. 外皮がついた柑橘類果実に酵素液をインジェクションにより注入して含浸処理することを特徴とする、請求項4記載の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。   The method for producing a citrus pulp from which the endothelium has been removed according to claim 4, wherein an enzyme solution is injected into the citrus fruit with an outer skin by injection. 実割れしておらず、生鮮柑橘類果実の果肉の色と硬度が保持されている柑橘類果肉を製造する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉を製造する方法。   The citrus pulp from which the endothelium was removed of any one of Claims 1-6 which manufactures the citrus pulp in which the fruit color and hardness of the fresh citrus fruit are hold | maintained which is not actually cracked is manufactured. Method. 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造された、内皮が除去された柑橘類果肉。   The citrus pulp from which the endothelium was removed manufactured by the method of any one of Claims 1-7. 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造された、外皮はついたままで、内皮が除去された状態の柑橘類果実。   A citrus fruit produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outer skin remains attached and the inner skin is removed.
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