JP5618641B2 - Fire extinguisher - Google Patents
Fire extinguisher Download PDFInfo
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- JP5618641B2 JP5618641B2 JP2010130370A JP2010130370A JP5618641B2 JP 5618641 B2 JP5618641 B2 JP 5618641B2 JP 2010130370 A JP2010130370 A JP 2010130370A JP 2010130370 A JP2010130370 A JP 2010130370A JP 5618641 B2 JP5618641 B2 JP 5618641B2
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- fire
- tank
- housing
- fire extinguishing
- sprinkler head
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N novec 1230 Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Description
本発明は、二次電池の火災を消火する消火装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing apparatus that extinguishes a fire of a secondary battery.
近年、電動自転車や電気自動車に搭載されるモータ駆動用のバッテリ（電池パック）のために、リチウムイオン二次電池が開発されている。リチウムイオン二次電池からなるバッテリは、モータ駆動に必要な大きなパワーを取り出すために、多数の単電池（以下、セルという）が直列接続された組電池の構造で構成されている。各セルは、密閉容器の内部に電解液を閉じ込めて形成されており、密閉容器には、電解液の気化によりセル内の圧力が異常に高まったときに、気化した電解液をセル外に逃すための安全弁が取り付けられている。 In recent years, lithium ion secondary batteries have been developed for motor-driven batteries (battery packs) mounted on electric bicycles and electric vehicles. A battery made of a lithium ion secondary battery has a structure of an assembled battery in which a large number of single cells (hereinafter referred to as cells) are connected in series in order to extract a large amount of power required for driving a motor. Each cell is formed by confining an electrolyte solution inside a sealed container, and when the pressure in the cell increases abnormally due to the evaporation of the electrolyte solution, the evaporated electrolyte solution is released outside the cell. A safety valve is installed.
ところで、リチウムイオン電池などの非水電解質電池は、内部ショートや過充電等の種々の原因で、他のセルに波及して連鎖的に熱暴走することがある。とくに、リチウムイオン電池が熱暴走すると、電池の温度が著しく上昇して、３００℃〜４００℃以上になってしまう。 By the way, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery may spread to other cells and cause a thermal runaway due to various causes such as an internal short circuit or overcharge. In particular, when a lithium ion battery runs out of heat, the temperature of the battery rises remarkably and reaches 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. or higher.
電池の温度が急上昇すると、電解液が気化して内圧が上がり、リチウムイオン二次電池が破裂することがあり、最悪の場合には、可燃性の有機溶媒からなる電解液に引火し、発火して火災を生じることがある。 If the temperature of the battery rises rapidly, the electrolyte may vaporize and the internal pressure may increase, causing the lithium ion secondary battery to burst.In the worst case, the electrolyte will ignite and ignite. May cause a fire.
このため、電池を原因とする火災が発生した場合の対策として、特許文献１に示したような発明がある。特許文献１に記載される電源装置は、複数の電池と消火器をケースに一緒に収納している。この電源装置は、電池が異常発熱し、ケース内の温度が許容値を超えた場合、消火器の起動操作手段であるレバーを自動的に押し下げ、二酸化炭素のガス圧で炭酸水素ナトリウムを主成分とする粉末を電池を収納した筐体内に放出させる。炭酸水素ナトリウムは、高温に加熱されると吸熱して、二酸化炭素と水蒸気を発生し、筐体内の温度を下げるとともに、不活性雰囲気に保ち、火災の発生を防止し、燃焼反応を終了させる。 For this reason, there exists an invention as shown in Patent Document 1 as a countermeasure when a fire caused by a battery occurs. The power supply device described in Patent Document 1 stores a plurality of batteries and a fire extinguisher together in a case. This power supply unit automatically pushes down the lever that is the starting operation means of the fire extinguisher when the battery heats up abnormally and the temperature in the case exceeds the allowable value, and the main component is sodium hydrogen carbonate with the gas pressure of carbon dioxide Is discharged into a housing containing the battery. Sodium bicarbonate absorbs heat when heated to a high temperature, generates carbon dioxide and water vapor, lowers the temperature in the housing, maintains an inert atmosphere, prevents the occurrence of fire, and terminates the combustion reaction.
特許文献１の消火器は、起動させるにあたって電気的な配線を必要とするため、動作の信頼性が悪いという問題がある。本発明はこのような課題に鑑みて案出されたもので、電池火災が生じたときに、確実に火災を消火できる消火装置を得ることを目的とする。 Since the fire extinguisher of Patent Document 1 requires electrical wiring to be activated, there is a problem in that operation reliability is poor. The present invention has been devised in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a fire extinguishing apparatus that can extinguish a fire reliably when a battery fire occurs.
本発明は、二次電池が収容された筐体に設けられる消火装置であって、消火剤が充填され、前記筐体内の圧力が上昇しても変形して内部の消火剤が漏れ出すことがない金属製のタンクと、前記消火剤として前記タンクに充填され、前記筐体内で火災が発生しても上昇する前記タンク内の内圧によって沸点が高まり液体状態で存在するＮｏｖｅｃ１２３０と、前記タンクの上部および下部に設けられ、１００℃以上で溶融する半田を感熱体として有するスプリンクラヘッドと、を備え、前記タンクの直下近傍で火災が起きた場合は、火災源に近い前記タンク下部のスプリンクラヘッドが先に開弁して液体状の前記消火剤を放出し、火災源の熱を奪って冷却しつつ、迅速に気化して消火雰囲気を形成し、その後、前記タンク上部のスプリンクラヘッドが開弁すると、前記放出によって前記タンク内の内圧が低下して気体状となった前記消火剤が放出され、前記タンクから離れた位置で火災が起きた場合は、熱対流により前記筐体の天井面を伝って到達する高温空気によって開弁する前記タンク上部のスプリンクラヘッドから前記消火剤が放出され、前記開弁による前記タンク内の内圧低下と火災の高温雰囲気とによって迅速に気化し、筐体内全体に消火雰囲気を形成することを特徴とするものである。 The present invention is a fire extinguisher provided in a casing in which a secondary battery is accommodated, filled with a fire extinguisher, and deforms even when the pressure in the casing rises, and the extinguishing agent inside leaks out. A tank made of no metal , a Novec 1230 filled in the tank as the extinguishing agent, and present in a liquid state with a high boiling point due to an internal pressure in the tank that rises even if a fire occurs in the housing, and an upper part of the tank And a sprinkler head provided at the lower portion and having a solder that melts at 100 ° C. or higher as a heat sensitive body, and when a fire breaks out immediately below the tank, the sprinkler head at the bottom of the tank close to the fire source The liquid fire extinguisher is released and the fire source is deprived of heat and cooled, while quickly evaporating to form a fire extinguishing atmosphere. When the lid is opened, the extinguishing agent that has become gaseous due to a decrease in the internal pressure of the tank is released due to the release, and in the event of a fire at a position away from the tank, the housing is caused by thermal convection. The fire extinguishing agent is released from the sprinkler head at the top of the tank that is opened by high-temperature air that reaches along the ceiling surface of the body, and is quickly vaporized due to a decrease in internal pressure in the tank due to the valve opening and a high-temperature atmosphere of fire. The fire extinguishing atmosphere is formed in the entire casing .
本発明によれば、消火装置は、開弁機構により、火災時の熱により開放してタンク内の消火剤を筐体内に放出する。このため、火災感知器などの信号線を必要とする機器が不要であり断線などの虞れもないので異常時には確実に動作する。 According to the present invention, the fire extinguishing apparatus is opened by the heat at the time of a fire by the valve opening mechanism and releases the fire extinguishing agent in the tank into the housing. For this reason, a device that requires a signal line such as a fire detector is unnecessary and there is no fear of disconnection, so that it operates reliably in an abnormal state.
また、タンクの上部と下部とに開弁機構が設けられるので、タンクの直下近傍で火災が起きた場合は、火災源に近いタンク下部の開弁機構が先に開弁して液体状の前記消火剤を放出し、火災源の熱を奪って冷却しつつ、迅速に気化して消火雰囲気を形成することができる。また、その後、タンク上部の開弁機構が開弁すると、放出によってタンク内の内圧が低下して気体状となった消火剤を放出することができる。 In addition, since a valve opening mechanism is provided at the upper and lower parts of the tank , in the event of a fire in the immediate vicinity of the tank, the valve opening mechanism at the lower part of the tank close to the fire source is opened first and the liquid While extinguishing a fire extinguisher and taking away the heat of the fire source and cooling, it can quickly vaporize to form a fire extinguishing atmosphere. After that, when the valve opening mechanism at the upper part of the tank is opened, the extinguishing agent in a gaseous state can be released by reducing the internal pressure in the tank due to the release .
また、タンクから離れた位置で火災が起きた場合は、熱対流により筐体の天井面を伝って到達する高温空気によって開弁するタンク上部の開弁機構から消火剤が放出され、開弁によるタンク内の内圧低下と火災の高温雰囲気とによって迅速に気化し、筐体内全体に消火雰囲気を形成することができる。 In addition, when a fire occurs at a position away from the tank, the fire extinguishing agent is released from the valve opening mechanism at the top of the tank that is opened by the high-temperature air that reaches along the ceiling surface of the housing by thermal convection. By rapidly reducing the internal pressure in the tank and the high-temperature atmosphere of the fire, it is possible to form a fire-extinguishing atmosphere throughout the housing .
本発明の一実施の形態に係る消火装置３０を図１、図２に基づいて説明する。まず、二次電池を収容する筐体１２について説明する。二次電池は、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池パック（以下、単に電池パックともいう）からなり、電気自動車などのモータを駆動するためのバッテリとして使用される。
この二次電池は、図１に示すように、多数（例えば１００個）のリチウムイオン二次電池（以下、単独のリチウムイオン二次電池をセルという）２０が、直列接続された組電池の状態で使用されている。
A fire extinguishing apparatus 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the housing 12 that houses the secondary battery will be described. The secondary battery is formed of, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery pack (hereinafter also simply referred to as a battery pack), and is used as a battery for driving a motor such as an electric vehicle.
As shown in FIG. 1, this secondary battery is a state of an assembled battery in which a large number (for example, 100) of lithium ion secondary batteries (hereinafter, a single lithium ion secondary battery is referred to as a cell) 20 is connected in series. Used in.
そして、セル２０は、複数個（例えば、ここでは４個）ずつまとめて小ケース１１内に収納されてモジュール化され、さらに、複数の小ケース１１が、小ケース１１よりも容積が大きい筐体（ケーシング）１２内に並んで収納されている。つまり、電池パック１０においては、セル２０が小ケース１１と筐体１２との二重ケース構造で収納されている。この小ケース１１と筐体１２とは、セル２０自体の外装缶に比べて、密閉の程度は低く形成されている。具体的には、小ケース１１と筐体１２とには、配線等を挿通するための孔が開口される等しており、水が浸入しない程度にシールされてはいるが、その耐圧の程度は高くない。 Then, a plurality of cells 20 (for example, four in this case) are collectively stored in the small case 11 and modularized, and the plurality of small cases 11 have a larger volume than the small case 11. (Casing) 12 are housed side by side. That is, in the battery pack 10, the cells 20 are accommodated in a double case structure of the small case 11 and the housing 12. The small case 11 and the housing 12 are formed with a lower degree of sealing compared to the outer can of the cell 20 itself. Specifically, the small case 11 and the housing 12 are provided with holes for inserting wirings and the like, and are sealed to the extent that water does not enter, but the degree of pressure resistance thereof Is not expensive.
セル２０自体の構造について詳述すると、セル２０は、外装缶の内部に、可燃性の有機溶媒からなる電解液が密閉注入されて形成されている。外装缶は、密閉容器であって、その気密の程度は極めて高く設計されている。
筐体１２の内部には、図１に示すように、複数の小ケース１１が並んで配置されているとともに、筐体１２内で生じた火災を消火する消火装置３０が設けられている。また筐体１２の天板には、通気用の通気穴１４が設けられており、この通気穴１４は気体だけを通過させ、水を通過させないシート１６によって塞がれている。
The structure of the cell 20 itself will be described in detail. The cell 20 is formed by hermetically injecting an electrolyte solution made of a combustible organic solvent into an outer can. The outer can is an airtight container and is designed to have a very high degree of airtightness.
As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of small cases 11 are arranged side by side inside the housing 12, and a fire extinguishing device 30 that extinguishes a fire generated in the housing 12 is provided. The top plate of the housing 12 is provided with a ventilation hole 14 for ventilation. The ventilation hole 14 is closed by a sheet 16 that allows only gas to pass and does not allow water to pass.
筐体１２には通気用の穴１４が設けられることから、電池の稼働によるセル２０の発熱・冷却のため筐体１２内部の温度が変化する際、筐体１２の内圧が変動することを防止することができる。 Since the ventilation hole 14 is provided in the casing 12, the internal pressure of the casing 12 is prevented from fluctuating when the temperature inside the casing 12 changes due to heat generation / cooling of the cell 20 due to battery operation. can do.
通気用の穴１４に、気体だけを通過させ、水を通過させないシート１６を設けることで、液体の消火剤を放出するときには、通気用の穴１４から筐体１２外部に消火剤が流出せず、筐体１２内に消火剤を留めることができるので、消火効率が高まる。 When a liquid fire extinguishing agent is discharged by providing a sheet 16 that allows only gas to pass through and does not allow water to pass through the ventilation hole 14, the extinguishing agent does not flow out of the housing 12 from the ventilation hole 14. Since the fire extinguishing agent can be retained in the housing 12, the fire extinguishing efficiency is increased.
次に図２により本発明の消火装置３０について説明する。消火装置３０は、消火剤（図示せず）が充填されたタンク３１と、タンク３１に接続され、火災時の熱により開放する開弁機構３６とから構成される。タンク３１の容量は、筐体１２の容積によって設計され、筐体内で生じる火災を消火できるだけの消火剤を貯える容量を有している。このタンク３１は、筐体１２内に収容可能な形状となっており、筐体１２の高さが低い場合には扁平な形状とすることが可能であり、特に形状は限定されない。 Next, the fire extinguishing apparatus 30 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fire extinguishing device 30 includes a tank 31 filled with a fire extinguisher (not shown), and a valve opening mechanism 36 connected to the tank 31 and opened by heat during a fire. The capacity of the tank 31 is designed according to the volume of the housing 12 and has a capacity for storing a fire extinguishing agent that can extinguish a fire generated in the housing. The tank 31 has a shape that can be accommodated in the housing 12. When the height of the housing 12 is low, the tank 31 can have a flat shape, and the shape is not particularly limited.
図１では、筐体１２における天板と小ケース１１の上面との間に上部空間が設けられており、その上部空間に消火装置３０を設けている。消火装置３０は、筐体１２の天板の下面に、例えば固定金具などを介して取り付けられている。タンク３１の材質は、例えば、金属から構成されており、筐体１２内部の圧力が高まっても、変形したり、消火剤が漏れ出すことのないものが使用される。 In FIG. 1, an upper space is provided between the top plate of the housing 12 and the upper surface of the small case 11, and a fire extinguishing device 30 is provided in the upper space. The fire extinguishing device 30 is attached to the lower surface of the top plate of the housing 12 via, for example, a fixing bracket. The material of the tank 31 is made of, for example, metal, and a material that does not deform or leak out the fire extinguishing agent even when the pressure inside the housing 12 increases is used.
タンク３１の左右の両端部には、起動装置としての開弁機構３６を取り付けるための取付口３２が設けられている。また、筐体１２の天板のほぼ中央に充填口３３が設けられる。この充填口３３は、タンク３１に消火剤を充填するための口であり、通常は、蓋３４によって塞がれている。また、この充填口３３には、内側に逆止弁３３ｃが設けられており、タンク３１内部に加圧充填された消火剤が充填口３３から排出されないように構成されている。タンク３１に充填口３３が設けてあるので、タンク３１内への消火剤の充填作業を容易に行うことができる。 At both left and right ends of the tank 31, there are provided attachment ports 32 for attaching a valve opening mechanism 36 as an activation device. In addition, a filling port 33 is provided substantially at the center of the top plate of the housing 12. The filling port 33 is a port for filling the tank 31 with a fire extinguishing agent, and is normally closed by a lid 34. The filling port 33 is provided with a check valve 33 c on the inner side so that the extinguishing agent pressurized and filled in the tank 31 is not discharged from the filling port 33. Since the tank 31 is provided with the filling port 33, the tank 31 can be easily filled with the extinguishing agent.
タンク３１内に充填される消火剤は、泡消火薬剤、強化液や絶縁性のある消火液（例えば、パーフルオロカーボンやハイドロフルオロエーテル、Ｎｏｖｅｃ（登録商標）１２３０等）が使用できる。特にＮｏｖｅｃ１２３０は、（ａ）常温で液体、（ｂ）沸点が低く（４９℃）、（ｃ）水と比べて揮発性が高い、（ｄ）電気絶縁性が高い、（ｅ）消火能力（燃焼の連鎖反応抑制効果）がある、という性質を有し、火災時の熱で気体に変化するものである。 As the fire extinguisher filled in the tank 31, a foam fire extinguishing agent, a reinforcing liquid, or an insulating fire extinguishing liquid (for example, perfluorocarbon, hydrofluoroether, Novec (registered trademark) 1230, etc.) can be used. In particular, Novec 1230 is (a) liquid at normal temperature, (b) low boiling point (49 ° C.), (c) high volatility compared to water, (d) high electrical insulation, (e) fire extinguishing capability (combustion) It has the property of having a chain reaction suppression effect), and changes into a gas by heat at the time of fire.
消火剤として、このＮｏｖｅｃ（登録商標）１２３０等を使用した場合には、筐体１２（二次電池収容箱）内の火災で電池の発熱で高温になると、Ｎｏｖｅｃ（登録商標）１２３０が気化し易く箱内を迅速に消火雰囲気にできる。また、電気絶縁性が高いので、仮に液状で放出されても電極短絡の懸念もないという利点がある。また、気化時の吸熱により雰囲気が冷却されやすい。 When this Novec (registered trademark) 1230 or the like is used as a fire extinguisher, the Novec (registered trademark) 1230 is vaporized when the battery 12 becomes hot due to heat generated by a fire in the housing 12 (secondary battery storage box). It is easy to make the inside of the box a fire extinguishing atmosphere quickly. Further, since the electrical insulation is high, there is an advantage that there is no fear of an electrode short circuit even if it is released in liquid form. In addition, the atmosphere is easily cooled by heat absorption during vaporization.
タンク３１には、開弁機構３６が二つ以上設けられる。上述したように、開弁機構３６は、タンク３１の取付口３２に取り付けられる。開弁機構３６は、閉鎖型のスプリンクラヘッドから構成される。このスプリンクラヘッド３６は、取付口３２の開口を塞ぐ図示しない弁体３６ａと、弁体３６ａを支えるリンク機構と、１００℃以上の高温で溶融する感熱体としての半田３６ｃとを有するものである。 Two or more valve opening mechanisms 36 are provided in the tank 31. As described above, the valve opening mechanism 36 is attached to the attachment port 32 of the tank 31. The valve opening mechanism 36 includes a closed sprinkler head. The sprinkler head 36 has a valve body 36a (not shown) that closes the opening of the attachment port 32, a link mechanism that supports the valve body 36a, and a solder 36c as a heat sensitive body that melts at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher.
建物の天井に設置されるスプリンクラヘッドは、通常７２℃付近の温度で溶融する半田が使用されるが、この消火装置３０で使用するスプリンクラヘッド３６には、１００℃以上の温度で溶融する半田３６ｃを使用する。これは、二次電池を電気自動車の車両等に使用すると、火災が生じていない場合でも、車両の走行時等において筐体１２を設置している環境が比較的高温になることを考慮したためである。 The sprinkler head installed on the ceiling of the building normally uses solder that melts at a temperature around 72 ° C., but the sprinkler head 36 used in the fire extinguishing apparatus 30 has solder 36c that melts at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. Is used. This is because when the secondary battery is used in an electric vehicle or the like, the environment in which the casing 12 is installed becomes relatively high even when the vehicle is running even when a fire does not occur. is there.
次に火災時の動作について説明する。筐体１２内において、過充電によりセル２０が発火して、火災が生じ、１００℃以上になると、開弁機構であるスプリンクラヘッド３６の半田３６ｃが溶融する。半田３６ｃの溶融により、スプリンクラヘッド内部のリンク機構が動作し、スプリンクラヘッド３６の弁体３６ａが取付口３２の開口から外れる。こうして、タンク３１内の消火剤が筐体１２内に放出され火災を消火する。 Next, the operation at the time of fire will be described. In the housing 12, the cell 20 is ignited due to overcharge, and a fire occurs, and when the temperature reaches 100 ° C. or higher, the solder 36c of the sprinkler head 36 which is a valve opening mechanism is melted. Due to the melting of the solder 36 c, the link mechanism inside the sprinkler head operates, and the valve body 36 a of the sprinkler head 36 is detached from the opening of the attachment port 32. In this way, the fire extinguisher in the tank 31 is released into the housing 12 to extinguish the fire.
このように、本発明によれば、消火装置３０は、開弁機構３６により、火災時の熱により開放してタンク３１内の消火剤を放出するので、火災感知器などの信号線を必要とする機器が不要であり断線などの虞れもないので異常時には確実に動作する。またタンク自体は、圧力によって変形しにくい硬い材質のものが使用されるので、筐体内の圧力が上昇したとしても、タンク内の消火剤が漏れ出すようなことはない。 Thus, according to the present invention, the fire extinguishing device 30 is opened by the heat at the time of the fire by the valve opening mechanism 36 and releases the fire extinguishing agent in the tank 31, so that a signal line such as a fire detector is required. It does not require a device to be operated and there is no fear of disconnection, so it operates reliably in the event of an abnormality. Further, since the tank itself is made of a hard material that is not easily deformed by pressure, even if the pressure in the casing rises, the fire extinguishing agent in the tank does not leak out.
また、開弁機構となるスプリンクラヘッド３６は、例えば、タンク３１の両端部に設けられるので、筐体内のどこで火災が起きても、火災時の熱を受熱しやすく、火災時に早期に消火剤を放出することが可能である。なお、筐体１２のタンク３１の配置によって、スプリンクラヘッド３６のタンク３１への取付位置を変更するようにしてもよい。また、消火装置３０は、筐体１２の大きさに応じて、筐体１２内に複数分散配置させるようにしてもよい。 In addition, the sprinkler heads 36 serving as valve opening mechanisms are provided, for example, at both ends of the tank 31, so that no matter where in the casing a fire occurs, the heat at the time of the fire is easily received, and an extinguishing agent is quickly applied in case of a fire. It is possible to release. Note that the position of the sprinkler head 36 attached to the tank 31 may be changed depending on the arrangement of the tank 31 of the housing 12. Further, a plurality of fire extinguishing devices 30 may be arranged in a distributed manner in the housing 12 according to the size of the housing 12.
本発明は以上説明した通りであるが、以下のようにすることも可能である。 Although the present invention has been described above, it can also be as follows.
（１）消火装置の開弁装置として、半田を使用したスプリンクラヘッドの例で説明したが、グラスバルブを使用したスプリンクラヘッドを使用するようにしてもよい。 (1) Although the example of the sprinkler head using solder has been described as the valve opening device of the fire extinguishing device, a sprinkler head using a glass valve may be used.
（２）また、開弁装置（スプリンクラヘッド）は、タンクの両端部に設けたが、その設置場所は適宜変更可能である。例えば、タンクの上下に設置することも可能である。この場合において、消火剤として前述の例えばＮｏｖｅｃ（登録商標）１２３０等の沸点の低い消火剤を充填しておけば、筐体内で火災が発生すると、タンク内の内圧が上昇することから、タンク内の消火剤は沸点が高まり、液体状態で存在する。よって開弁装置であるスプリンクラヘッドが開栓（開弁）する１００℃以上の温度でも、下部の開弁装置からは液体状の消火剤が放出される。このとき、タンク内は、液体状の消火剤が放出されると、タンク内の内圧が低下するので、沸点も低下する。このため、その後、上部の開弁装置が動作して開放するときには、気体状の消火剤が放出される。 (2) Moreover, although the valve opening device (sprinkler head) is provided at both ends of the tank, the installation location thereof can be changed as appropriate. For example, it can be installed above and below the tank. In this case, if a fire extinguisher having a low boiling point such as, for example, Novec (registered trademark) 1230 is filled as a fire extinguisher, the internal pressure in the tank rises when a fire occurs in the casing. The fire extinguishing agent has an increased boiling point and exists in a liquid state. Therefore, even at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher at which the sprinkler head that is the valve opening device opens (opens), a liquid fire extinguisher is released from the lower valve opening device. At this time, when the liquid fire extinguisher is released, the internal pressure in the tank decreases, and the boiling point also decreases. For this reason, after that, when the upper valve opening device operates and opens, the gaseous extinguishing agent is released.
タンクの直下近傍で火災が起きた場合は、タンク下部の開弁装置の方が近いので先に開弁して液体状の消火剤を放出する。これにより、消火剤が火災源の熱を奪って冷却しつつ、迅速に気化し周囲に消火雰囲気を形成する。火災源を不活性ガスで覆ってから別の消火剤を放出すると、一つの消火剤を放出するより効果的に消火することが可能となる。
タンクからやや離れた位置で火災が起きた場合は、熱対流により筐体の天板（天井）面を伝って高温空気がタンクに到達するので、上部の開弁装置が先に開弁して消火剤を放出する。開弁によりタンク内圧が低下し、且つ火災の高温雰囲気に曝されることで液状の消火剤も迅速に気化して、筐体内全体に消火雰囲気を形成することができる。
If a fire breaks out in the immediate vicinity of the tank, the valve opening device at the bottom of the tank is closer, so the valve is opened first to release the liquid fire extinguisher. As a result, the fire extinguisher quickly takes the heat from the fire source and cools it, and quickly vaporizes to form a fire extinguishing atmosphere. If another fire extinguishing agent is released after covering the fire source with an inert gas, it becomes possible to extinguish more effectively than releasing one extinguishing agent.
If a fire occurs at a position slightly away from the tank, high temperature air reaches the tank through the top plate (ceiling) surface of the housing due to thermal convection, so the upper valve opening device opens first. Release extinguishing media. By opening the valve, the tank internal pressure is reduced, and the liquid fire extinguisher is quickly vaporized by being exposed to a high temperature atmosphere of fire, so that a fire extinguishing atmosphere can be formed in the entire housing.
（３）開弁装置となるスプリンクラヘッドを２つ以上使用する場合において、その動作する温度が異なるスプリンクラヘッドを使用するようにしてもよい。 (3) When two or more sprinkler heads serving as valve opening devices are used, sprinkler heads operating at different temperatures may be used.
（４）また、（３）において、タンク内に隔壁を設けて、状態（気体、液体、固体）の異なる消火剤を２つ以上充填しておくようにしてもよい。例えば、はじめに動作温度の低いスプリンクラヘッドが動作したときに、窒素ガス等の不活性ガスからなる気体状の消火剤を放出し、その後、動作温度の高いもう一方のスプリンクラヘッドから強化液等の液体状の消火剤を放出させるようにしてもよい。火災源を不活性ガスで覆ってから別の消火剤を放出すると、一つの消火剤を放出するより効果的に消火することが可能となる。 (4) Moreover, in (3), a partition may be provided in the tank, and two or more extinguishing agents in different states (gas, liquid, solid) may be filled. For example, when a sprinkler head having a low operating temperature is first operated, a gaseous fire extinguisher composed of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is released, and then a liquid such as a reinforcing liquid is discharged from the other sprinkler head having a high operating temperature. You may make it discharge | emit a fire extinguisher. If another fire extinguishing agent is released after covering the fire source with an inert gas, it becomes possible to extinguish more effectively than releasing one extinguishing agent.
（５）消火装置は、筐体の外、例えば筐体の天板の上部に設置するようにしてもよい。この場合には、通気穴等を介して開弁装置だけを筐体内に設置して筐体内の火災を検出できるようにする。この際、開弁装置と筐体の取付口とを金属または樹脂製の可撓性のある管で接続するようにしてもよい。 (5) The fire extinguishing device may be installed outside the housing, for example, above the top plate of the housing. In this case, only the valve opening device is installed in the casing through a vent hole or the like so that a fire in the casing can be detected. At this time, the valve opening device and the mounting opening of the housing may be connected by a flexible pipe made of metal or resin.
（６）開弁装置としては、熱により開放するものでなく、圧力により開放するもの、例えば所定の圧力で開放する排圧弁等を使用してもよい。この場合には、金属製のタンクに充填した消火剤が、火災時の熱によってタンクが加熱され、タンク内の内圧が高まるときに、排圧弁が開放するようにする。なお、（１）〜（５）については、適宜組み合わせて使用するようにしてもよい。 (6) As the valve opening device, a device that opens not by heat but that opens by pressure, for example, a discharge valve that opens at a predetermined pressure, may be used. In this case, the fire extinguisher filled in the metal tank causes the exhaust pressure valve to open when the tank is heated by the heat of the fire and the internal pressure in the tank increases. Note that (1) to (5) may be used in appropriate combination.
１０ 電池パック、 １１ 小ケース、 １２ 筐体、 １４ 通気穴、
２０ セル、 ３０ 消火装置、 ３１ タンク、 ３２ 取付口、
３３ 充填口、 ３３ｃ 逆止弁、 ３４ 蓋、 ３６ 開弁機構、
10 battery pack, 11 small case, 12 housing, 14 vent hole,
20 cells, 30 fire extinguishing devices, 31 tanks, 32 mounting holes,
33 filling port, 33c check valve, 34 lid, 36 valve opening mechanism,
Claims (1)
消火剤が充填され、前記筐体内の圧力が上昇しても変形して内部の消火剤が漏れ出すことがない金属製のタンクと、
前記消火剤として前記タンクに充填され、前記筐体内で火災が発生しても上昇する前記タンク内の内圧によって沸点が高まり液体状態で存在するＮｏｖｅｃ１２３０と、
前記タンクの上部および下部に設けられ、１００℃以上で溶融する半田を感熱体として有するスプリンクラヘッドと、
を備え、
前記タンクの直下近傍で火災が起きた場合は、火災源に近い前記タンク下部のスプリンクラヘッドが先に開弁して液体状の前記消火剤を放出し、火災源の熱を奪って冷却しつつ、迅速に気化して消火雰囲気を形成し、その後、前記タンク上部のスプリンクラヘッドが開弁すると、前記放出によって前記タンク内の内圧が低下して気体状となった前記消火剤が放出され、
前記タンクから離れた位置で火災が起きた場合は、熱対流により前記筐体の天井面を伝って到達する高温空気によって開弁する前記タンク上部のスプリンクラヘッドから前記消火剤が放出され、前記開弁による前記タンク内の内圧低下と火災の高温雰囲気とによって迅速に気化し、筐体内全体に消火雰囲気を形成する
ことを特徴とする消火装置。 A fire extinguishing device provided in a housing containing a secondary battery,
A metal tank that is filled with a fire extinguisher and does not leak out even if the pressure in the housing rises and the internal fire extinguishing agent leaks out,
Novec 1230 that fills the tank as the extinguishing agent and exists in a liquid state with a higher boiling point due to internal pressure in the tank that rises even if a fire occurs in the housing ;
A sprinkler head provided at an upper part and a lower part of the tank and having a solder that melts at 100 ° C. or more as a heat sensitive body;
Equipped with a,
When a fire breaks out immediately below the tank, the sprinkler head at the bottom of the tank close to the fire source opens first to release the liquid fire extinguisher, while taking heat from the fire source and cooling it. The fire extinguishing atmosphere is quickly formed by vaporization, and then the sprinkler head at the upper part of the tank is opened.
When a fire breaks out at a position away from the tank, the fire extinguisher is released from the sprinkler head at the top of the tank that is opened by high-temperature air that reaches along the ceiling surface of the housing by thermal convection, and the opening A fire extinguishing apparatus characterized in that it quickly vaporizes due to a drop in internal pressure of the tank by a valve and a high temperature atmosphere of a fire to form a fire extinguishing atmosphere throughout the housing .
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| JP2010130370A JP5618641B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2010-06-07 | Fire extinguisher |
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| JPH07272751A (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-20 | Yuasa Corp | Sodium-sulfur battery module |
| US20060016608A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-26 | Kidde Ip Holdings Limited | Discharge of fire extinguishing agent |
| DE102006048015B4 (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2015-01-29 | Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fire extinguishing system for a housing |
| JP5181743B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2013-04-10 | パナソニック株式会社 | Power supply equipment and electronic equipment using it |
| JP2008178722A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-08-07 | Senju Sprinkler Kk | Sprinkler head |
| JP2010097836A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-30 | Panasonic Corp | Battery pack, electronic equipment using it as power source, and battery pack case |
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| KR20180047439A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Battery Pack Comprising Fire Extinguishing Agent |
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| KR20220004380A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-11 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | A pack case with a hole for firefighting water and a battery pack including the same |
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