JP5615566B2 - Distribution line ground fault location method and apparatus - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は配電線路の地絡点標定方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a ground fault location method and apparatus for distribution lines.
配電線路に地絡事故が発生した時に、事故区間を早期に切り離す目的で、時限順送故障区間区分方式による配電線路保護方式が広く適用されている。 In the event of a ground fault in a distribution line, a distribution line protection system based on a timed progressive failure section classification method has been widely applied for the purpose of early disconnecting the accident section.
この配電線路保護方式においては、配電用変電所の母線に設けたGPD(接地形計器用変圧器)と各フィーダに設けたZCT(零相変流器)により地絡を検知すると、事故フィーダを特定して、変電所の事故フィーダに繋がる遮断器とそのフィーダ上の開閉器をトリップさせる。その後、事故点を含む開閉器区間(事故区間)を検出するために、配電用変電所に近い方から開閉器を順次投入していく。 In this distribution line protection system, when an earth fault is detected by GPD (grounded instrument transformer) provided on the bus of the distribution substation and ZCT (zero phase current transformer) provided on each feeder, Identify and trip the circuit breaker connected to the accident feeder of the substation and the switch on the feeder. After that, in order to detect the switch section (accident section) including the accident point, the switches are sequentially inserted from the side closer to the distribution substation.
この結果、開閉器の投入により地絡点を含む配電線路に給電されると、配電用変電所の母線に設けた前述のGPD(接地形計器用変圧器)と各フィーダに設けたZCT(零相変流器)により再度地絡を検知し、遮断器と開閉器は再トリップされる。 As a result, when power is supplied to the distribution line including the ground fault point by turning on the switch, the aforementioned GPD (grounded instrument transformer) provided on the bus of the distribution substation and the ZCT (zero) provided on each feeder are provided. The earth fault is detected again by the phase current transformer), and the breaker and switch are re-tripped.
この再トリップのときに、最後に投入した開閉器と1つ前に投入した開閉器の区間を事故区間として特定できる。この区間特定結果を基にして、再び、遮断器を投入して変電所に近い方から順に開閉器を自動投入させ、事故区間の直前の区間まで復電させることができる。 At the time of this re-trip, it is possible to specify the section of the lastly opened switch and the switch previously inserted as an accident section. Based on this section identification result, the circuit breaker can be turned on again, and the switch can be automatically turned on in order from the nearest to the substation, and power can be restored to the section immediately before the accident section.
この時限順送故障区間区分方式によれば故障区間を特定でき、この区間の前の区域までは復電させることができるが、この故障区間内の具体的な地絡発生箇所は特定できないので、作業者により事故区間内の地絡点を目視探索し、その原因を究明して地絡原因を除去し、最終的にはこの区間の復電を図る必要がある。しかしながら、一般的に開閉器間の距離は長いので、作業範囲が広く、かつ夜間に地絡発生することも多いので、作業者の労力は多大である。また、地絡区間は復旧するまで停電になるので、電力品質確保の面からも好ましい状況ではない。 According to this timed sequential failure section classification method, the failure section can be identified, and power can be restored to the area before this section, but the specific ground fault occurrence location in this failure section can not be identified, It is necessary for the operator to visually search for the ground fault point in the accident section, investigate the cause, remove the cause of the ground fault, and finally restore power in this section. However, since the distance between the switches is generally long, the work range is wide and a ground fault often occurs at night, so the labor of the worker is great. In addition, since the ground fault section is in a power outage until it is restored, it is not a preferable situation from the viewpoint of ensuring power quality.
作業労力を軽減し復旧時間を短縮するには、事故点標定技術を確立することが必要である。事故点標定方法としては、例えば特許文献1に開示されているサージ法がある。サージ法とは、地絡時のサージ電流を2地点で測定して、サージ電流の到達時間差から地絡点標定する方法である。しかし、この方法は、サージ電流が高速に線路上を伝播するので到達時間差を評価するためには測定地点に備える測定器のサンプリング周波数を非常に高く設定する必要がある。 In order to reduce work effort and shorten recovery time, it is necessary to establish accident location technology. As an accident point locating method, there is a surge method disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. The surge method is a method of measuring the surge current at the time of ground fault at two points and locating the ground fault point from the difference in arrival time of the surge current. However, in this method, since the surge current propagates on the line at high speed, it is necessary to set the sampling frequency of the measuring instrument provided at the measurement point to be very high in order to evaluate the arrival time difference.
事故点標定方法のほかの手法としては、特許文献2に開示されているコンデンサ付加方式がある。この方法は、配電線路と対地間に配置されたコンデンサに流れる地絡電流波形から、地絡点を標定する方式の為、サージ法に比べて低いサンプリング周波数で高精度に標定できるという特徴がある。
As another method of the accident point locating method, there is a capacitor addition method disclosed in
特許文献2のコンデンサ付加方式は、サージ法に較べ低いサンプリング周波数の測定器を用いて、高い精度の標定ができるという特徴がある。しかし、地絡時に検出されるコンデンサ電流波形は、ノイズを含む場合が多い。ノイズが電流波形に含まれている場合には精度の高い標定は困難となる。コンデンサ付加方式で必要になる電流立ち上がりの傾きを高精度で求めるためには、収集した電流波形から、前述のノイズを取り除く必要がある。
The capacitor addition method disclosed in
本発明の目的は、従来技術の問題点に鑑み、測定される電流波形にノイズがある場合でも高精度な地絡点標定が可能なコンデンサ付加方式による配電線路の地絡点標定方法及び装置を提供することにある。 In view of the problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a ground fault point locating method and apparatus for a distribution line by a capacitor addition method capable of highly accurate ground fault point determination even when there is noise in a measured current waveform. It is to provide.
本発明においては、配電線路と対地間に設けられたコンデンサに流れる地絡事故電流を計測し、高調波成分を除外して第一の電流を求め、第一の電流をフーリエ変換して所定幅の周波数帯ごとにこの周波数帯に含まれる含有量の大きさを求め、含有量が大きい順に周波数帯のランキング付けを行い、所定順位までの最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の周波数帯を求め、第一の電流から、最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の所定順位までの周波数帯に含まれる各成分の合成である第二の電流を求め、第二の電流の傾きから前記配電線の地絡事故点を算出する。 In the present invention, the ground fault current flowing in the capacitor provided between the distribution line and the ground is measured, the first current is obtained by excluding the harmonic component, and the first current is Fourier transformed to have a predetermined width. For each frequency band, obtain the magnitude of the content contained in this frequency band, rank the frequency bands in descending order of content, and determine the frequency band between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band up to the predetermined rank. The second current, which is a combination of the components included in the frequency bands up to a predetermined order between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band, is obtained from the first current, and the distribution is determined from the slope of the second current. Calculate the ground fault point of the wire.
また、第二の電流を、前記配電線路の複数地点のコンデンサに流れる地絡事故電流から求め、複数の第二の電流の傾きから配電線の地絡事故点を算出するのがよい。 Moreover, it is good to obtain | require a 2nd electric current from the ground fault accident current which flows into the capacitor | condenser of several points of the said distribution line, and to calculate the ground fault point of a distribution line from the inclination of several 2nd electric current.
また、第一の電流を求めるために地絡事故電流から除外する高調波成分を事前の解析により定めるのがよい。 Moreover, in order to obtain | require a 1st electric current, it is good to determine the harmonic component excluded from a ground fault accident current by a prior analysis.
また、最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の周波数帯を定めるための所定順位を事前の解析により定めるのがよい。 Further, it is preferable to determine a predetermined order for determining a frequency band between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band by a prior analysis.
また、第一の電流から第二の電流を得る手段としてのバンドパスフィルタのバンド幅は、所定周波数帯域を、所定幅の周波数帯ごとの含有量の大きさの順に定めた周波数帯ランキングの所定順位までの最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の周波数帯とする。 The bandwidth of the bandpass filter as a means for obtaining the second current from the first current is a predetermined frequency band ranking in which the predetermined frequency band is determined in the order of the amount of content for each frequency band of the predetermined width. A frequency band between the maximum frequency band up to the rank and the minimum frequency band.
また、所定周波数帯域通過成分を求める前に、地絡事故電流から高調波成分を除外しておくのがよい。 In addition, before obtaining the predetermined frequency band passing component, it is preferable to exclude the harmonic component from the ground fault current.
本発明においては、配電線路と対地間に設けられたコンデンサと、配電線路地絡事故発生時にコンデンサに流れる電流を計測する演算装置と、演算装置出力を用いて配電線路の地絡位置を標定する中央装置とを有する配電線路の地絡点標定装置において、演算装置は、計測した地絡時電流から高調波成分を除外するローパスフィルタと、ローパスフィルタ通過後の電流をフーリエ変換し、所定幅の周波数帯ごとにこの周波数帯に含まれる含有量の大きさを求める変換手段と、含有量が大きい順に周波数帯のランキング付けを行い、所定順位までの最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間のバンドパスフィルタを設定するバンドパスフィルタ設定手段と、バンドパスフィルタ設定手段で定まるバンドパスフィルタとを備え、ローパスフィルタ通過後の電流をバンドパスフィルタに与えて得られた電流を出力するとともに、中央装置は、演算装置出力波形の傾きに応じて配電線路の地絡位置を標定する。 In the present invention, a capacitor provided between the distribution line and the ground, an arithmetic device that measures a current flowing through the capacitor when a distribution line ground fault occurs, and a ground fault position of the distribution line are determined using the arithmetic device output. In the ground fault point locating device of the distribution line having the central device, the arithmetic device performs a Fourier transform on the current after passing through the low-pass filter and a low-pass filter that excludes harmonic components from the measured current at the time of ground fault, and has a predetermined width. For each frequency band, conversion means for determining the amount of content contained in this frequency band, and ranking of frequency bands in descending order of content, and a band between the maximum frequency band up to a predetermined rank and the minimum frequency band A band-pass filter setting unit for setting a pass filter and a band-pass filter determined by the band-pass filter setting unit are provided. It outputs a current obtained by applying a current to the band-pass filter, the central apparatus locating ground fault position of the distribution line in accordance with the inclination of the operation device output waveform.
また、コンデンサと演算装置は同一配電線路に複数組設置され、中央装置は複数地点で観測された電流の傾きから定まる各々の観測地点から地絡点までの距離の比に応じて配電線路上の地絡点を標定するのがよい。 In addition, multiple sets of capacitors and computing devices are installed on the same distribution line, and the central unit is on the distribution line according to the ratio of the distance from each observation point to the ground fault point determined from the slope of the current observed at multiple points. A ground fault point should be located.
また、第二の電流を前記含有量が大きい順番の複数の周波数帯の成分を合成して地絡事故電流を再現し、再現した電流の傾きから前記配電線の地絡事故点を算出する。 Moreover, a ground fault accident current is reproduced by synthesizing components of a plurality of frequency bands in order of increasing content of the second current, and the ground fault point of the distribution line is calculated from the slope of the reproduced current.
本発明のフィルタリング方法によれば、コンデンサ付加方式による地絡点標定において、測定される電流波形に複雑なノイズが含まれている場合でも、精度の高い標定が得られる本来の適正な傾きの電流波形を取り出す事ができる。 According to the filtering method of the present invention, in the ground fault point determination by the capacitor addition method, even when complicated noise is included in the measured current waveform, the current with the proper proper slope that can obtain the high-accuracy standardization. The waveform can be taken out.
以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図1は、本発明の一実施例による配電線路の地絡点標定装置の全体構成図である。配電用変電所1から幹線2が設けられている。幹線2は3相の配電線路であるが、説明を簡単にするため単線で示している。測定地点M1、M2には、事故検出装置4が設けられており、事故検出装置4で処理されたデータは、通信装置5から通信線6を介して、中央装置7に伝送される。
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a ground fault location device for a distribution line according to an embodiment of the present invention. A
図2は事故検出装置4の構成図である。この例は幹線2に事故検出装置4が接続された例である。事故検出装置4は、各相の線路2a、2b、2cと対地G間に繋がるコンデンサ11a、11b、11cと、地絡時にコンデンサ11a、11b、11cに流れる電流Ia、Ib、Icを測定する電流センサ12を設ける。さらに、電流センサ12が検出した電流Iを記録し、特徴量抽出の演算処理を行う演算装置14とから構成される。
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the
このように構成される事故検出装置4は、地絡時にいずれかのコンデンサに流れる電流Iを電流センサ12で測定し、このコンデンサに流れる電流波形の特徴量、ここでは立ち上がりの勾配を算出する。この際に、測定データにフィルタリング処理を適用する事によりノイズを除去して、そこから標定に必要な電流の立ち上がりの傾きを求める。中央装置7は各測定点の事故検出装置4のうち、電流の立ち上がりの傾きが大きい2地点の傾きに基づき、地絡点を標定する。
The
中央装置7における処理の詳細は、例えば特許文献1に示すように実施することができる。つまり、配電線の離れた2地点にコンデンサを接続し、地絡時に2つのコンデンサに流れる電流の立ち上がりの傾きの比が、この間の配電線の地絡点までの比に等しいとして、距離を標定する。 The details of the processing in the central device 7 can be implemented as shown in Patent Document 1, for example. In other words, a capacitor is connected to two points away from the distribution line, and the distance is determined assuming that the ratio of the rising slope of the current flowing through the two capacitors during a ground fault is equal to the ratio of the distribution line to the ground fault point in the meantime. To do.
本発明は、コンデンサに流れる電流の立ち上がりの傾きを求める点に特徴を有するが、この傾きから距離を標定するときに、単にコンデンサ電流の高調波をローパスフィルタで除去したのみでは測定誤差が20乃至30%もあり、十分な精度を出すことができなかった。本発明者らは、地絡時電流を周波数解析してみたが多様な高調波を含み、どの成分を利用すれば正しく距離を標定することができるのかに多くの時間を費やした。 The present invention is characterized in that the slope of the rise of the current flowing in the capacitor is obtained, but when the distance is determined from this slope, the measurement error is 20 to 20 by simply removing the harmonics of the capacitor current with a low-pass filter. There was also 30%, and sufficient accuracy could not be obtained. The inventors of the present invention tried to frequency-analyze the current at the time of the ground fault, but spent a lot of time on which component can be used to correctly determine the distance including various harmonics.
その結果、フーリエ分析を行なって得られたフーリエ係数が大きい周波数成分が、標定に使用する本来成分ではないかという推測を得るに至った。そこで、フーリエ係数を基にしたバンドパスフィルタを用いたところ、精度が大幅に向上した。 As a result, it has been estimated that a frequency component having a large Fourier coefficient obtained by performing Fourier analysis is an original component used for orientation. Therefore, when a bandpass filter based on Fourier coefficients was used, the accuracy was greatly improved.
本発明の最良の実施形態においては、コンデンサ11に流れる電流波形に施すフィルタリング処理を図3に示すように、以下に示す処理が実行される。 In the best embodiment of the present invention, the following processing is executed as shown in FIG. 3 for the filtering processing applied to the current waveform flowing in the capacitor 11.
まず、図3のステップS100において、前述のコンデンサ11に流れる電流波形を取込む。図4はコンデンサ電流の測定データによる実測波形の一例である。実測波形は、RLC(抵抗・インダクタンス・コンデンサ)回路の過渡波形に、反射等によるノイズ分が重畳された波形と考えられる。この波形から明らかなように事故発生直後の100μ秒程度の期間と、500μ秒ないし700μ秒の期間に高周波成分が含まれていることがわかる。 First, in step S100 of FIG. 3, the current waveform flowing in the capacitor 11 is captured. FIG. 4 is an example of an actual measurement waveform based on measurement data of the capacitor current. The actually measured waveform is considered to be a waveform in which noise due to reflection or the like is superimposed on a transient waveform of an RLC (resistance / inductance / capacitor) circuit. As is clear from this waveform, it can be seen that a high frequency component is included in a period of about 100 μs immediately after the occurrence of the accident and a period of 500 μs to 700 μs.
ステップS101において、第1段のローパスフィルタリングを施す。ここでのローパスフィルタリング処理は、事前に調査した周波数の上限値以上の周波数成分を取り除くものであり、本処理により、測定波形に重畳しているノイズの内、測定波形のベース周波数に比較して100倍以上の高い周波数成分を取り除く。なお、本発明の精度向上の効果は、後述するバンドパスフィルタに負うところ大であるが、ローパスフィルタと組み合わせるのがよりよい。 In step S101, first-stage low-pass filtering is performed. The low-pass filtering process here removes frequency components that exceed the upper limit of the frequency investigated in advance, and this process compares the noise superimposed on the measurement waveform with the base frequency of the measurement waveform. Remove high frequency components more than 100 times. The accuracy improvement effect of the present invention is greatly affected by the bandpass filter described later, but it is better to combine it with a lowpass filter.
図5は、図4波形を処理したものであり、実測波形に重畳しているノイズ成分の内、実測波形のベース周波数に比べて100倍以上の高いノイズ成分は、第1段のローパスフィルタリングにより除去されている。また、事故発生直後の500μ秒ないし700μ秒の期間の高周波成分が取り除かれる。この期間の高周波成分は、いわゆる反射波が多く含まれる。 FIG. 5 is obtained by processing the waveform of FIG. 4. Among noise components superimposed on the actually measured waveform, a noise component that is 100 times higher than the base frequency of the actually measured waveform is obtained by the first-stage low-pass filtering. Has been removed. Further, the high frequency component in the period of 500 μs to 700 μs immediately after the occurrence of the accident is removed. The high-frequency component in this period includes many so-called reflected waves.
次に、ステップS102において、第1段のローパスフィルタリングにより得られた波形をフーリエ変換して、波形に含まれる周波数成分の分析グラフを求める。図6にそのフーリエ変換後の分析グラフを示す。得られたグラフは、横軸が波形に含まれる周波数成分の種類である周波数帯(kHz)を表し、縦軸には周波数成分の含有量を棒グラフにて表すフーリエ係数グラフである。図6のグラフの例は、1kHzごとにこの周波数帯に含まれる周波数成分の含有量を求めた1kHzベースのフーリエ係数のグラフである。 Next, in step S102, the waveform obtained by the first-stage low-pass filtering is Fourier transformed to obtain an analysis graph of frequency components included in the waveform. FIG. 6 shows an analysis graph after the Fourier transform. The obtained graph is a Fourier coefficient graph in which the horizontal axis represents the frequency band (kHz) which is the type of frequency component included in the waveform, and the vertical axis represents the content of the frequency component in a bar graph. The example of the graph of FIG. 6 is a 1 kHz-based Fourier coefficient graph in which the content of frequency components included in this frequency band is obtained every 1 kHz.
ステップS103において、前述のフーリエ係数グラフから、周波数成分の多い順に周波数帯(1kHz幅)のランキングを割り付ける。この時、0kHzの箇所は直流成分として、予め除外しておく。割り付けられた周波数成分の内、解析にて求めた理論値に従って、上位何番目までが測定した波形の周波数成分かを決定する。 In step S103, ranking of frequency bands (1 kHz width) is assigned in descending order of frequency components from the Fourier coefficient graph described above. At this time, the location of 0 kHz is excluded in advance as a DC component. Among the assigned frequency components, the highest number of frequency components of the measured waveform is determined according to the theoretical value obtained by the analysis.
ここでは、まずフーリエ係数のグラフにて、グラフの縦軸により波形の周波数成分が多い順に検出する。図6を拡大して、周波数成分の多い順に番号を記した図を、図7に示す。図7の例では周波数成分が多い順に上位15番目まで示している。但し0kHzの箇所は直流成分と考えて予め除外してある。ここで、何番目までを抽出するかについては、解析にて求めた理論値に従って決定される。本発明の例では15番目までとされた。 Here, first, in the graph of the Fourier coefficient, detection is performed in descending order of frequency components of the waveform along the vertical axis of the graph. FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6 in which numbers are given in order of increasing frequency components. In the example of FIG. 7, the top 15 items are shown in descending order of frequency components. However, the part of 0 kHz is excluded in advance because it is considered as a DC component. Here, what number is extracted is determined according to a theoretical value obtained by analysis. In the example of the present invention, the number is up to fifteenth.
ステップS104において、決定したN番目までの周波数帯(kHz)がすべて含まれる最大と最小の周波数帯を求め、この値を第2段にて行うバンドパスフィルタリングのバンド幅とする。この図7の例で述べると、15番目までの周波数成分がすべて含まれる横軸の周波数値を求めると2〜20kHzであり、これをバンドパスフィルタのバンド幅とする。 In step S104, the maximum and minimum frequency bands including all the determined Nth frequency bands (kHz) are obtained, and this value is used as the bandwidth of the bandpass filtering performed in the second stage. In the example of FIG. 7, when the frequency value on the horizontal axis including all the frequency components up to the 15th is obtained, it is 2 to 20 kHz, which is the bandwidth of the bandpass filter.
なお、本発明の初期の知見によれば、「フーリエ係数が大きい周波数成分が、標定に使用する本来成分ではないか」という観点に立っているが、これを実現する上で、例えば上位15番目までの周波数帯の成分のみから波形を合成することも考えられるが、処理が複雑となり、かつ導出までに時間を要するため、最大と最小の周波数帯を求め、この値を第2段にて行うバンドパスフィルタリングのバンド幅とする方式とした。従って、複雑さ、時間がかかることを問題としなければ、フーリエ係数が大きい順番の複数の周波数成分から波形を合成して、すなわち最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の所定順位までの周波数帯に含まれる各成分を合成して地絡事故電流を再現し、その傾きを求めることも可能である。 In addition, according to the initial knowledge of the present invention, it is based on the viewpoint that “a frequency component having a large Fourier coefficient is an original component used for orientation”. Although it is conceivable to synthesize the waveform from only the components in the frequency band up to, the processing is complicated and it takes time to derive, so the maximum and minimum frequency bands are obtained and this value is performed in the second stage. A band-pass filtering bandwidth is adopted. Therefore, if it is not a problem that complexity and time are required, a waveform is synthesized from a plurality of frequency components in order of increasing Fourier coefficient, that is, a frequency band up to a predetermined rank between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band. It is also possible to reproduce the ground fault current by synthesizing each component contained in the, and to obtain the slope thereof.
ステップS105において、ステップS104において求めたバンドパスフィルタのバンド幅に従い、第2段のバンドパスフィルタリング処理を施す。図7の例でいうと、前述のステップS104にて求めたバンド幅2〜20kHzによりバンドパスフィルタリングを施し、得られた波形が図8の波形である。以上のフィルタリングにより、反射等のノイズ分は除かれ、本来の過渡波形が得られる。すなわち最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の所定順位までの周波数帯に含まれる各成分を合成して地絡事故電流を再現する。 In step S105, a second-stage bandpass filtering process is performed according to the bandwidth of the bandpass filter obtained in step S104. In the example of FIG. 7, bandpass filtering is performed with the bandwidth of 2 to 20 kHz obtained in step S104 described above, and the waveform obtained is the waveform of FIG. By the above filtering, noise such as reflection is removed, and an original transient waveform is obtained. That is, the ground fault accident current is reproduced by synthesizing each component included in the frequency band up to a predetermined order between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band.
以上のステップS100からステップS105の一連の処理が、電流波形取込み後に自動的に行われ、最後にステップS106において、自動フィルタリングした図8の
波形データから、この波形の特徴量(電流立ち上がりの傾き)を算出する。算出した特徴量は中央装置7に送信される。
The series of processing from step S100 to step S105 is automatically performed after the current waveform is taken in. Finally, in step S106, the feature amount of this waveform (inclination of current rising) is obtained from the waveform data of FIG. Is calculated. The calculated feature amount is transmitted to the central device 7.
以上説明したように、本発明のコンデンサ付加方式では、配電線路中の2地点以上にて対地間にコンデンサ11と電流センサ12を設置し、前述のコンデンサ11に流れる電流波形を計測する為の電流センサから検出した電流波形を用いて地絡点を標定する。このときに事故電流に含まれる高調波のノイズが地絡点標定に悪影響を与えるために、図3の考え方に従いノイズを除去する。配電線幹線の各測定地点では、ここまでの処理を実行する。
As described above, in the capacitor addition method of the present invention, the capacitor 11 and the
このように、本発明のフィルタリングは、前述のコンデンサに流れる電流波形を取り込む際に、ノイズを除去する方法である。その特徴としては、2段階のフィルタリングを施す事にある。第1段ではローパスフィルタにて、比較的高い周波数成分のノイズを除去する。次の第2段では第1段フィルタリング後の波形にフーリエ変換を施して、波形に含まれる周波数成分の分析を行う。その分析結果と解析での理論値に基づいて第2段のフィルタリング要素を決めている。 As described above, the filtering according to the present invention is a method for removing noise when the current waveform flowing in the capacitor is captured. Its feature is that it performs two-stage filtering. In the first stage, noise of a relatively high frequency component is removed by a low-pass filter. In the next second stage, the waveform after the first stage filtering is subjected to Fourier transform to analyze the frequency components contained in the waveform. The second-stage filtering element is determined based on the analysis result and the theoretical value in the analysis.
中央装置7では、「線路のインダクタンスが距離に比例し、電流センサが検出する立ち上がりの傾きは検出点から地絡点までの距離に逆比例する」という関係を用いて、地絡点までの距離に関する情報を得る。上述したように、最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の所定順位までの周波数帯に含まれる各成分を合成して再現した地絡事故電流の立ち上がりの傾きから配電線の地絡事故点を算出する。このときに、異なる2地点で電流を観測する事で、各々の観測地点から地絡点までの距離の比が分かるので、幹線上の地絡点を標定できる。 The central device 7 uses the relationship that “the inductance of the line is proportional to the distance and the slope of the rising edge detected by the current sensor is inversely proportional to the distance from the detection point to the ground fault point”. Get information about. As described above, the ground fault point of the distribution line is determined from the slope of the rise of the ground fault current that is reproduced by combining the components included in the frequency band up to the predetermined order between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band. calculate. At this time, by observing the current at two different points, the ratio of the distance from each observation point to the ground fault point can be known, so that the ground fault point on the main line can be determined.
なお、本発明の地絡点標定方法及び装置は、電力線路中に事故区間を判定する事故区間判定用装置と、前述の事故区間判定装置の近傍または同一箇所の前述の電力線路と対地間にコンデンサを配置し、前述のコンデンサに流れる電流波形を測定する手段と、前述の電流波形の立ち上がり部分の傾きを求める手段とを備えているのがよい。 The ground fault location method and apparatus of the present invention include an accident section determination device that determines an accident section in the power line, and the power line and the ground in the vicinity of the accident section determination device or near the same section. It is preferable to provide means for arranging a capacitor and measuring the current waveform flowing in the capacitor, and means for determining the slope of the rising portion of the current waveform.
本発明によれば、簡便な装置で地絡点標定することが可能なので、変電所などに設置されて利用される可能性が高い。 According to the present invention, since it is possible to determine the ground fault point with a simple device, there is a high possibility of being installed and used in a substation or the like.
1…配電用変電所
2…幹線
3…分岐線
4…事故検出装置
5…通信装置
6…通信線、
7…中央装置
11…コンデンサ
12…電流センサ
14…演算装置
M1〜M2…測定点
F…地絡位置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ...
7 ... Central device 11 ...
Claims (9)
前記第二の電流を、前記配電線路の複数地点のコンデンサに流れる地絡事故電流から求め、複数の第二の電流の傾きから前記配電線の地絡事故点を算出する配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault location method of the distribution line according to claim 1,
The second current is obtained from a ground fault current flowing in a capacitor at a plurality of points of the distribution line, and a ground fault point of the distribution line is calculated from a plurality of second current slopes. Orientation method.
前記第一の電流を求めるために地絡事故電流から除外する高調波成分を事前の解析により定めることを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault point location method of the distribution line according to claim 1 or 2,
A ground fault locating method for a distribution line characterized in that a harmonic component to be excluded from a ground fault accident current in order to obtain the first current is determined by a prior analysis.
前記最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の周波数帯を定めるための前記所定順位を事前の解析により定めることを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault point location method of the distribution line road of any one of Claim 1 to Claim 3 ,
A ground fault location method for a distribution line characterized by determining the predetermined order for determining a frequency band between the maximum frequency band and the minimum frequency band by a prior analysis.
前記第一の電流から第二の電流を得る手段として、所定幅の周波数帯ごとの含有量の大きさの順に定めた周波数帯ランキングの所定順位までの最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間の周波数帯をバンド幅とするバンドパスフィルタを用いることを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault point location method of the distribution line road of any one of Claim 1 to Claim 4 ,
As a means for obtaining the second current from the first current, between the maximum frequency band up to a predetermined rank of the frequency band ranking determined in order of the magnitude of the content for each frequency band of a predetermined width, and between the minimum frequency band A ground fault location method for a distribution line characterized by using a band-pass filter having a frequency band as a bandwidth.
前記所定幅の周波数帯ごとにこの周波数帯に含まれる含有量の大きさを求める前に、地絡事故電流から反射波による高調波成分を除外しておくことを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault point location method of the distribution line of any one of Claims 1-5,
Land of distribution line, wherein before asking you to size of the content contained in this frequency band for each frequency band of a predetermined width, to a ground fault current, characterized in that you exclude harmonic component due to the reflected wave Entanglement method.
前記第二の電流を前記含有量が大きい順番の複数の周波数帯の成分を合成して地絡事故電流を再現し、再現した電流の傾きから前記配電線の地絡事故点を算出する配電線路の地絡点標定方法。 In the ground fault location method of the distribution line according to claim 1,
A distribution line that reproduces a ground fault accident current by combining the components of a plurality of frequency bands in order of increasing content with the second current, and calculates a ground fault point of the distribution line from the slope of the reproduced current Ground fault location method.
前記演算装置は、計測した地絡時電流から高調波成分を除外するローパスフィルタと、該ローパスフィルタ通過後の電流をフーリエ変換し、所定幅の周波数帯ごとにこの周波数帯に含まれる含有量の大きさを求める変換手段と、前記含有量が大きい順に周波数帯のランキング付けを行い、所定順位までの最大周波数帯と、最小周波数帯の間のバンドパスフィルタを設定するバンドパスフィルタ設定手段と、該バンドパスフィルタ設定手段で定まるバンドパスフィルタとを備え、前記ローパスフィルタ通過後の電流を前記バンドパスフィルタに与えて得られた電流を出力するとともに、
前記中央装置は、前記演算装置出力波形の傾きに応じて配電線路の地絡位置を標定することを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定装置。 A capacitor provided between the distribution line and the ground, an arithmetic unit for measuring a current flowing in the capacitor when a distribution line ground fault occurs, and a central unit for locating the ground fault position of the distribution line using the calculation unit output; In the ground fault point locating device of the distribution line having
The arithmetic unit performs a Fourier transform on a low-pass filter that excludes harmonic components from the measured ground-fault current and a current that has passed through the low-pass filter, and the content of this frequency band for each frequency band of a predetermined width. Conversion means for obtaining a size, ranking of frequency bands in descending order of content, band pass filter setting means for setting a band pass filter between a maximum frequency band up to a predetermined order and a minimum frequency band, A band pass filter determined by the band pass filter setting means, and outputs a current obtained by giving the current after passing through the low pass filter to the band pass filter,
The central device determines a ground fault position of a distribution line according to an inclination of the output waveform of the arithmetic unit, and a ground fault point locating device for a distribution line.
前記コンデンサと前記演算装置は同一配電線路に複数組設置され、中央装置は複数地点で観測された電流の傾きから定まる各々の観測地点から地絡点までの距離の比に応じて配電線路上の地絡点を標定することを特徴とする配電線路の地絡点標定装置。 In the ground fault point locating device for a distribution line according to claim 8,
A plurality of sets of the capacitor and the arithmetic unit are installed on the same distribution line, and the central unit is arranged on the distribution line according to the ratio of the distance from each observation point to the ground fault point determined from the slope of the current observed at the plurality of points. A ground fault point locating device for a distribution line characterized by locating a ground fault point.
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