JP5600927B2 - Tandem angular contact ball bearings - Google Patents

Tandem angular contact ball bearings Download PDF

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JP5600927B2
JP5600927B2 JP2009265212A JP2009265212A JP5600927B2 JP 5600927 B2 JP5600927 B2 JP 5600927B2 JP 2009265212 A JP2009265212 A JP 2009265212A JP 2009265212 A JP2009265212 A JP 2009265212A JP 5600927 B2 JP5600927 B2 JP 5600927B2
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outer ring
ring
inner ring
ball bearing
balls
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JP2011106649A (en
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泰資 田上
孝道 田中
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NSK Ltd
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Priority to JP2009265212A priority Critical patent/JP5600927B2/en
Priority to EP10807579.7A priority patent/EP2503169B1/en
Priority to CN201080002229.9A priority patent/CN102171470B/en
Priority to US13/059,414 priority patent/US20110222807A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2010/070667 priority patent/WO2011062257A1/en
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Description

この発明は、自動車用のデファレンシャルギヤ、トランスファ等の回転機械装置に組み込まれて、ラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重が加わった状態で回転する回転軸を支承する為のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受の改良に関する。具体的には、このタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受を、デファレンシャルケースの如きハウジングの内部に設けられた支持部等の固定部分の内周面と前記回転軸の外周面との間に組み付ける際に、各玉の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷が生じる事を防止して、耐久性が損なわれる事を防止するものである。   The present invention relates to an improvement in a tandem angular ball bearing that is incorporated in a rotary machine such as a differential gear and a transfer for an automobile and supports a rotating shaft that rotates in a state where a radial load and a thrust load are applied. Specifically, when this tandem angular ball bearing is assembled between the inner peripheral surface of a fixed portion such as a support portion provided inside a housing such as a differential case and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, This prevents damage such as scratches from occurring on the rolling surface of the ball, which causes an excessive decrease in the life of the ball, and impairs durability.

自動車用のデファレンシャルギヤを構成する為のピニオン軸をデファレンシャルケース内に回転自在に支持する為の各種構造が、例えば特許文献1〜5に記載される等により、従来から広く知られている。デファレンシャルギヤの運転時に前記ピニオン軸には、大きなラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重が同時に加わる為、このピニオン軸を支持する為の軸受として、ラジアル、スラスト両方向の負荷容量が十分に大きなものを使用する必要がある。この為従来は、特許文献1に記載されている様に、接触角が互いに異なる(背面組み合わせ型の)1対の円すいころ軸受により、前記ピニオン軸を前記デファレンシャルケースの内部に、回転自在に支持していた。   Various structures for rotatably supporting a pinion shaft for constituting a differential gear for automobiles in a differential case have been widely known, for example, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 5. Since large radial load and thrust load are simultaneously applied to the pinion shaft during differential gear operation, it is necessary to use a bearing with sufficient load capacity in both radial and thrust directions to support the pinion shaft. is there. For this reason, conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, the pinion shaft is rotatably supported in the differential case by a pair of tapered roller bearings having different contact angles (combined on the back side). Was.

但し、転がり軸受の技術分野で周知の様に、円すいころ軸受は玉軸受に比べて、負荷容量が大きい代わりに、動トルク(回転抵抗)が大きい。この為、近年に於ける自動車の省燃費化の流れにより、デファレンシャルケースに対してピニオン軸を支持する為の転がり軸受として、ラジアル、スラスト両方向の荷重を支承可能な、アンギュラ型の玉軸受を使用する事が、特許文献2〜5に記載されている様に、従来から考えられている。アンギュラ型の玉軸受の動トルクは円すいころ軸受に比べて小さい為、前記ピニオン軸支持用の転がり軸受を、円すいころ軸受から玉軸受に変える事により、デファレンシャルギヤの抵抗を低くできる。   However, as is well known in the technical field of rolling bearings, tapered roller bearings have a larger dynamic torque (rotational resistance) instead of a larger load capacity than ball bearings. For this reason, due to the recent trend of reducing fuel consumption in automobiles, angular contact ball bearings that can support radial and thrust loads are used as rolling bearings to support the pinion shaft against the differential case. As described in Patent Documents 2 to 5, it has been conventionally considered. Since the dynamic torque of the angular type ball bearing is smaller than that of the tapered roller bearing, the resistance of the differential gear can be lowered by changing the pinion shaft supporting rolling bearing from a tapered roller bearing to a ball bearing.

図6は、特許文献2に記載された、玉軸受により構成した、デファレンシャルギヤ用ピニオン軸の回転支持装置を示している。尚、デファレンシャルギヤ全体の構造及び作用は従来から周知であるし、特許文献1〜5にも記載されている為、図示並びに詳しい説明を省略し、以下、前記回転支持装置部分の構造に就いて説明する。デファレンシャルケースの内部に1対の玉軸受1、2を、互いに離隔した状態で配置し、これら両玉軸受1、2によりピニオン軸3を支持している。これら両玉軸受1、2は、それぞれ玉に接触角を持たせたアンギュラ型玉軸受であり、これら両玉軸受1、2の接触角の方向を互いに逆向きとしている。従って、前記ピニオン軸3は、前記デファレンシャルケースの内部に、ラジアル荷重だけでなく、両方向のスラスト荷重を支承される状態で、回転自在に支持されている。   FIG. 6 shows a rotation support device for a pinion shaft for a differential gear, which is configured by a ball bearing described in Patent Document 2. Since the structure and operation of the entire differential gear are well known and described in Patent Documents 1 to 5, illustration and detailed description are omitted, and the structure of the rotation support device portion will be described below. explain. A pair of ball bearings 1 and 2 are arranged inside the differential case in a state of being separated from each other, and the pinion shaft 3 is supported by these ball bearings 1 and 2. These ball bearings 1 and 2 are angular ball bearings in which the balls have contact angles, and the contact angles of these ball bearings 1 and 2 are opposite to each other. Therefore, the pinion shaft 3 is rotatably supported in the differential case in a state where not only a radial load but also a thrust load in both directions is supported.

又、前記両玉軸受1、2のうち、比較的大きなラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重を支承するピニオンギヤ4側(図6の左側)の玉軸受1として、本発明の対象となる、タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受を使用している。これに対して、比較的小さなラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重しか支承しない反ピニオンギヤ4側(図6の右側)の玉軸受2は、単列アンギュラ型の玉軸受を使用している。但し、ピニオンギヤ側だけでなく、反ピニオンギヤ側の玉軸受もタンデムアンギュラ型とする構造も、特許文献2〜5に記載されており、従来から知られている。この様な構造の場合、反ピニオンギヤ側の玉軸受も、本発明の対象となる。何れにしても、前記ピニオンギヤ4側の玉軸受1は、ラジアル荷重に加えて、このピニオンギヤ4と噛合したリングギヤ(図示省略)から離れる方向(図6の右向き)のスラスト荷重を支承する。これに対して反ピニオンギヤ4側の玉軸受2は、ラジアル荷重に加えて、前記リングギヤに近付く方向(図6の左向き)のスラスト荷重を支承する。   Of the two ball bearings 1 and 2, a tandem angular ball bearing which is the object of the present invention is used as the ball bearing 1 on the pinion gear 4 side (left side in FIG. 6) for supporting a relatively large radial load and thrust load. Is used. On the other hand, the ball bearing 2 on the anti-pinion gear 4 side (the right side in FIG. 6) that supports only a relatively small radial load and thrust load uses a single-row angular ball bearing. However, a structure in which not only the pinion gear side but also the ball bearing on the anti-pinion gear side is a tandem angular type is described in Patent Documents 2 to 5, and is conventionally known. In the case of such a structure, the ball bearing on the anti-pinion gear side is also an object of the present invention. In any case, in addition to the radial load, the ball bearing 1 on the pinion gear 4 side supports a thrust load in a direction away from a ring gear (not shown) meshed with the pinion gear 4 (rightward in FIG. 6). On the other hand, the ball bearing 2 on the side opposite to the pinion gear 4 supports a thrust load in a direction approaching the ring gear (leftward in FIG. 6) in addition to the radial load.

本例の場合、タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受である、前記ピニオンギヤ4側の玉軸受1は、外輪5と、内輪6と、複数個の玉7、7と、1対の保持器8a、8bとを備える。このうちの外輪5は、内周面に、互いに内径が異なる、複列アンギュラ型の外輪軌道9a、9bを設けている。これら両外輪軌道9a、9bの内径は、前記ピニオンギヤ4側の外輪軌道9aの方が大きく、このピニオンギヤ4と反対側の外輪軌道9bの方が小さい。又、前記内輪6は、前記外輪5の内径側にこの外輪5と同心に配置されたもので、外周面のうちで前記両外輪軌道9a、9bに対向する部分に、互いに外径が異なる、複列アンギュラ型の内輪軌道10a、10bを設けている。これら両内輪軌道10a、10bの外径は、前記ピニオンギヤ4側の内輪軌道10aの方が大きく、このピニオンギヤ4と反対側の外輪軌道10bの方が小さい。又、前記各玉7、7は、前記両外輪軌道9a、9bと前記両内輪軌道10a、10bとの間に、それぞれの列毎に複数個ずつ、両列で同じ方向の(並列組み合わせ型の)接触角を付与された状態で、転動自在に設けられている。更に、前記両保持器8a、8bは、互いに直径が異なり、それぞれが前記両列の玉7、7を、転動自在に保持している。尚、これら両列の玉7、7の直径は、互いに同じ場合も、或は、互いに異なる場合もある。   In the case of this example, the ball bearing 1 on the pinion gear 4 side, which is a tandem angular ball bearing, includes an outer ring 5, an inner ring 6, a plurality of balls 7, 7, and a pair of cages 8a, 8b. Prepare. Of these, the outer ring 5 is provided with double-row angular outer ring raceways 9a and 9b having different inner diameters on the inner peripheral surface. The inner diameters of these outer ring raceways 9 a and 9 b are larger in the outer ring raceway 9 a on the pinion gear 4 side and smaller in the outer ring raceway 9 b on the opposite side to the pinion gear 4. Further, the inner ring 6 is disposed concentrically with the outer ring 5 on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5, and the outer diameters of the outer peripheral surfaces of the inner ring 6 are opposite to the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b. Double row angular type inner ring raceways 10a and 10b are provided. The outer diameters of both the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b are larger in the inner ring raceway 10a on the pinion gear 4 side and smaller in the outer ring raceway 10b on the opposite side to the pinion gear 4. In addition, each of the balls 7, 7 has a plurality of balls in each row between the outer ring raceways 9a, 9b and the inner ring raceways 10a, 10b (in a parallel combination type). ) It is provided so as to be able to roll while being given a contact angle. Furthermore, both the holders 8a and 8b have different diameters, and hold the balls 7 and 7 in both rows in a freely rollable manner. Note that the diameters of the balls 7 and 7 in both rows may be the same or different from each other.

上述の様なタンデムアンギュラ型の玉軸受1は、運転時に円すいころ軸受の場合の様な大きな滑り接触を伴わないので、動トルクを低く抑えられ、デファレンシャルギヤの抵抗を低くできる。又、複列に配置した玉7、7により、前記ピニオンギヤ4と前記リングギヤとの噛合部で発生するラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重を支承する為、これら両方向の荷重に関する負荷容量も十分に確保できる。但し、上記玉軸受1は、タンデムアンギュラ型である事に起因し、耐久性に関して十分に信頼性を確保する面からは、次の様な点を改良する事が望まれる。   Since the tandem angular ball bearing 1 as described above is not accompanied by a large sliding contact as in the case of a tapered roller bearing during operation, the dynamic torque can be kept low and the resistance of the differential gear can be reduced. Further, since the radial load and the thrust load generated at the meshing portion of the pinion gear 4 and the ring gear are supported by the balls 7 and 7 arranged in a double row, it is possible to secure a sufficient load capacity for the loads in both directions. However, since the ball bearing 1 is of a tandem angular type, it is desired to improve the following points from the viewpoint of sufficiently ensuring the durability.

前記玉軸受1を構成する外輪5は、デファレンシャルケースの内部に設けられた支持部11の支持孔12内に、締り嵌めで内嵌する必要があるし、同じく内輪6は前記ピニオン軸3に、締り嵌めで外嵌する必要がある。この理由は、デファレンシャルギヤの運転時に前記外輪5及び内輪6と相手部材との嵌合部でクリープが発生する事を防止して、これら両嵌合部に、摩耗に基づくがたつきが発生する事を防止する為である。但し、前記玉軸受1の構成各部材5、6、7、8a、8bを互いに分離しない(ばれない)様に組み立てた状態で、このうちの外輪5を前記支持孔12に、同じく内輪6を前記ピニオン軸3に、それぞれ締り嵌めで嵌合固定する事はできない。この理由は、この嵌合固定作業に伴い、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bの一部で前記各玉7、7の転動面が接触している部分にブリネル圧痕が形成され、前記玉軸受1の運転時に、過大な振動や騒音が発生する原因となるだけでなく、耐久性が著しく損なわれる為である。   The outer ring 5 constituting the ball bearing 1 needs to be fitted into the support hole 12 of the support portion 11 provided in the differential case by an interference fit. Similarly, the inner ring 6 is attached to the pinion shaft 3. It is necessary to externally fit with an interference fit. The reason for this is that creep is prevented from occurring at the fitting portions of the outer ring 5 and inner ring 6 and the mating member during operation of the differential gear, and rattling based on wear occurs at both fitting portions. This is to prevent things. However, in a state where the constituent members 5, 6, 7, 8 a, 8 b of the ball bearing 1 are assembled so as not to be separated from each other (not separated), the outer ring 5 among them is the support hole 12, and the inner ring 6 is also the same. The pinion shaft 3 cannot be fitted and fixed by an interference fit. The reason for this is that along with this fitting and fixing work, a Brinell impression is formed in a part of each of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b where the rolling surfaces of the balls 7, 7 are in contact with each other, This is because not only does it cause excessive vibration and noise during operation of the ball bearing 1, but also the durability is significantly impaired.

この為、上述の様な玉軸受1を、前記支持孔12の内周面と前記ピニオン軸3の外周面との間に組み付ける場合には、例えば特許文献3の明細書の段落[0028]〜[0030]部分に記載される等により従来から知られている様に、予め(前記玉軸受1の構成各部材5、6、7、8a、8bの組み立てを完了する以前に)、前記支持孔12に前記外輪5を締り嵌めで内嵌し、前記ピニオン軸3に前記内輪6を締り嵌めで外嵌してから、これら外輪5と内輪6とを、前記各玉7、7を介して組み合わせる。この際、これら各玉7、7は、これら外輪5と内輪6との組み合わせに先立って、これら外輪5と内輪6とのうちの一方の軌道輪の周面部分(前記両外輪軌道9a、9bの内径側部分、又は、前記両内輪軌道10a、10bの外径側部分)に、前記両保持器8a、8bに保持された状態で配置しておく。そして、前記外輪5と内輪6とのうちの他方の軌道輪を、この他方の軌道輪を嵌合固定した部材と共に、前記各玉7、7の内径側部分又は外径側部分に進入させる。そして、これら各玉7、7の転動面を、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bに接触させる。   Therefore, when the ball bearing 1 as described above is assembled between the inner peripheral surface of the support hole 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the pinion shaft 3, for example, paragraphs [0028] to [0030] As previously known, for example, as described in the section [0030], before the assembly of the constituent members 5, 6, 7, 8a, 8b of the ball bearing 1 is completed, the support hole The outer ring 5 is fitted into the inner ring 12 with an interference fit, and the inner ring 6 is fitted into the pinion shaft 3 with an interference fit, and then the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6 are combined via the balls 7, 7. . At this time, prior to the combination of the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6, each of the balls 7, 7 has a peripheral surface portion of one of the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6 (the both outer ring raceways 9 a, 9 b In the inner diameter side portion or the outer diameter side portions of the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b) in a state of being held by the cages 8a and 8b. Then, the other race ring of the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6 is made to enter the inner diameter side portion or the outer diameter side portion of each of the balls 7 and 7 together with the member to which the other race ring is fitted and fixed. Then, the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 are brought into contact with the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b.

この様にして行う前記玉軸受1の組立作業の際、前記外輪5を内嵌固定したデファレンシャルケースと、前記内輪6を外嵌固定したピニオン軸3との位置決めが十分に精度良く行われ、この内輪6の中心軸と前記外輪5との中心軸とが正確に一致した状態のまま、これら内輪6と外輪5とを軸方向に近付け、この外輪5の内径側にこの内輪6を進入させれば、組立後の玉軸受1の耐久性に、特に問題を生じる事はない。但し、組立装置の精度のばらつきや調整不良等により、前記内輪6の中心軸と前記外輪5の中心軸とが不一致のまま(傾斜や偏心が存在する状態のまま)、これら内輪6と外輪5とを組み合わせたり、或は、前記各玉7、7の配置状態のずれ(両列の玉7、7同士の間の傾斜等)が存在した状態で前記内輪6と前記外輪5とを組み合わせると、前記他方の軌道輪の周面と前記各玉7、7の転動面とが勢い良く突き当たったり、強く擦れ合う可能性がある。この様な可能性は、前記両保持器8a、8bにより保持した前記各玉7、7を、前記一方の軌道輪の周面部分に配置する場合にも生じ得る。   When the ball bearing 1 is assembled in this way, the differential case with the outer ring 5 fitted and fixed and the pinion shaft 3 with the inner ring 6 fitted and fixed are positioned with sufficient accuracy. With the center axis of the inner ring 6 and the center axis of the outer ring 5 accurately aligned, the inner ring 6 and the outer ring 5 are brought close to each other in the axial direction so that the inner ring 6 can enter the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5. In this case, there is no particular problem in the durability of the ball bearing 1 after assembly. However, the inner ring 6 and the outer ring 5 remain inconsistent with each other because of variations in accuracy of the assembling apparatus, poor adjustment, and the like (the inclination and eccentricity still exist). Or the inner ring 6 and the outer ring 5 are combined in a state where there is a deviation in the arrangement state of the balls 7 and 7 (inclination between the balls 7 and 7 in both rows). There is a possibility that the peripheral surface of the other raceway ring and the rolling surface of the balls 7 and 7 may strike each other vigorously or rub against each other. Such a possibility can also occur when the balls 7 and 7 held by the two cages 8a and 8b are arranged on the peripheral surface portion of the one track ring.

一方で、前記外輪5の内周面及び前記内輪6の外周面のうち、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bは、平滑な研磨面としているが、これら各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bから外れた部分は、粗面であったり、尖った角部が存在する。前記外輪5と前記内輪6との組み合わせ時に、これら粗面や角部が、前記各玉7、7のうちの一部の玉7、7の転動面に勢い良く突き当たったり、強く擦れ合ったりすると、当該玉7、7の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷が発生する可能性がある。そして、この様な損傷が発生した場合には、前記玉軸受1を組み込んだデファレンシャルギヤの運転時に、大きな振動や騒音が発生し易くなるだけでなく、耐久性も損なわれる。   On the other hand, among the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6, the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b are smooth polished surfaces, but the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b are smoothed surfaces. The part deviated from the surface is rough or has sharp corners. When the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 6 are combined, these rough surfaces and corners may strike the rolling surfaces of some of the balls 7, 7 vigorously or rub against each other. Then, damage such as scratches may occur on the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 so as to cause an excessive decrease in life. When such a damage occurs, not only the large vibration and noise are easily generated during the operation of the differential gear incorporating the ball bearing 1, but the durability is also impaired.

前述した特許文献2〜5のうち、特許文献2には、外輪、内輪各軌道の断面形状の曲率半径を規制する事で、玉軸受の動トルクを低減する発明が記載されている。又、特許文献3には、内輪の外周面に形成した複列の内輪軌道のうち、大径側の内輪軌道の底部を、この内輪の中間部外周面よりも径方向内方に凹ませる事により、外輪の外径寸法を小さくする発明が記載されている。更に、特許文献4には、複列の外輪軌道及び内輪軌道の断面形状の曲率半径を、スラスト荷重が小さい場合に各玉の転動面が接触する部分では小さく、同じく大きい場合に接触する部分では大きくする事で、スラスト荷重が大きい状態での動トルクの低減を図る発明が記載されている。但し、これら特許文献2〜4に特許文献5を加えても、上述の様なタンデムアンギュラ型の玉軸受の組立時に、各玉の転動面が損傷する事を防止する為の技術は記載されていない。   Among Patent Documents 2 to 5 described above, Patent Document 2 describes an invention that reduces the dynamic torque of the ball bearing by regulating the curvature radius of the cross-sectional shape of each race of the outer ring and the inner ring. Further, in Patent Document 3, among the double row inner ring raceways formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring, the bottom part of the inner ring race on the large diameter side is recessed inward in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate part of the inner ring. Thus, an invention for reducing the outer diameter of the outer ring is described. Furthermore, in Patent Document 4, the radius of curvature of the cross-sectional shape of the double row outer ring raceway and inner ring raceway is small at the part where the rolling surface of each ball contacts when the thrust load is small, and the part where it contacts when the same is large Thus, an invention is described in which the dynamic torque is reduced by increasing the dynamic torque when the thrust load is large. However, even if Patent Document 5 is added to Patent Documents 2 to 4, a technique for preventing the rolling surface of each ball from being damaged during the assembly of the tandem angular ball bearing as described above is described. Not.

本発明は、上述の様な事情に鑑みて、デファレンシャルケースの如きハウジングの内部に設けられた支持部等の固定部分の内周面と、回転軸の外周面との間に組み付ける際に、各玉の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷が発生する事を防止して、運転時に過大な振動や騒音が発生する事がなく、且つ、優れた耐久性を確保できるタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受を実現すべく発明したものである。   In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention, when assembled between the inner peripheral surface of a fixed portion such as a support portion provided inside a housing such as a differential case and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, Prevents damage such as scratches on the rolling surface of the ball from causing excessive life reduction, prevents excessive vibration and noise during operation, and has excellent durability It was invented to realize a tandem angular ball bearing capable of ensuring the performance.

本発明のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受は、前述した従来から知られているタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受と同様に、外輪と、内輪と、複数個の玉とを備える。
このうちの外輪は、内周面に、互いに内径が異なる、それぞれがアンギュラ型である2列の外輪軌道を設けている。
又、前記内輪は、前記外輪の内径側にこの外輪と同心に配置されたもので、外周面に互いに外径が異なる、それぞれがアンギュラ型である2列の内輪軌道を設けている。
更に、前記各玉は、これら両内輪軌道と前記両外輪軌道との間に、それぞれの列毎に複数個ずつ、両列同士の間で同じ方向の接触角を付与された状態で、転動自在に設けられている。
The tandem angular ball bearing of the present invention includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and a plurality of balls in the same manner as the conventionally known tandem angular ball bearing.
Among these, the outer ring is provided with two rows of outer ring raceways having different inner diameters on the inner peripheral surface and each being an angular type.
The inner ring is disposed concentrically with the outer ring on the inner diameter side of the outer ring, and has two rows of inner ring raceways each having an angular shape and different outer diameters on the outer peripheral surface.
Further, each of the balls rolls in a state where a contact angle in the same direction is given between both the inner ring raceways and the both outer ring raceways. It is provided freely.

特に、本発明のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受に於いては、前記外輪の内周面のうちで、内径が小さい外輪軌道から、この外輪の軸方向両端面のうちで内径が大きい側の端面との連続部である断面円弧形の角部の外周縁部までの部分全体、及び、前記内輪の外周面のうちで、外径が大きい内輪軌道から、この内輪の軸方向両端面のうちで外径が小さい側の端面との連続部である断面円弧形の角部の内周縁部までの部分全体を研磨加工された平滑面としている。且つ、前記外輪の内周面及び前記内輪の外周面の何れの周面に関しても、軸方向に隣接する、断面形状が互いに異なる面同士の間部分に存在する全ての角部を、それぞれの断面形状の曲率半径を0.2〜1mmとして、前記何れの周面に関しても、断面形状に関して微分不能な角部をなくしている。
この様な本発明を実施する場合に好ましくは、請求項2に記載した発明の様に、前記研磨加工された平滑面の表面粗さを、0.2〜0.8μmRaとする。
尚、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲で言う、外輪の内周面とは、この外輪の表面のうちで径方向内方から見た場合に見える面全体を言う。従って、はっきりと径方向内方に向いた、一般的に言う内周面部分だけでなく、この一般的に言う内周面部分と軸方向端面との間に存在する、断面円弧形の連続部に関しても、この連続部の外周縁部までが、外輪の内周面に相当する。同様に、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲で言う、内輪の外周面とは、一般的に言う外周面部分だけでなく、この一般的に言う外周面部分と軸方向端面との間に存在する、断面円弧形の連続部に関しても、この連続部の内周縁部までが、内輪の外周面に相当する。
In particular, in the tandem angular contact ball bearing of the present invention, from the inner ring surface of the outer ring, the outer ring raceway having a small inner diameter to the end face on the side having the larger inner diameter among both axial end faces of the outer ring. From the inner ring raceway having a large outer diameter, the outer part of the outer ring of the inner ring, and the outer part of the outer ring of the inner ring in the axial direction. The entire part up to the inner peripheral edge of the corner of the arcuate cross- section, which is a continuous part with the end face on the side having a smaller diameter, is a polished smooth surface. In addition, with respect to any of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring, all the corners that are adjacent to each other in the axial direction and between the surfaces having different cross-sectional shapes are cross-sectioned. The curvature radius of the shape is set to 0.2 to 1 mm, and the corner portions that cannot be differentiated with respect to the cross-sectional shape are eliminated with respect to any of the peripheral surfaces.
When carrying out the present invention as described above, the surface roughness of the polished smooth surface is preferably 0.2 to 0.8 μmRa as in the invention described in claim 2.
In addition, the inner peripheral surface of an outer ring said in this specification and a claim means the whole surface seen when it sees from radial direction inside among the surfaces of this outer ring. Therefore, not only the generally known inner peripheral surface portion, which is clearly directed radially inward, but also a continuous arc-shaped cross section existing between the generally referred inner peripheral surface portion and the axial end surface. As for the part, the outer peripheral edge of the continuous part corresponds to the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring. Similarly, the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring referred to in this specification and claims exists not only in the generally referred outer peripheral surface portion but also between the generally referred outer peripheral surface portion and the axial end surface. Also, with respect to the continuous portion having the circular arc shape, the inner peripheral edge of the continuous portion corresponds to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring.

上述の様に構成する本発明のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受によれば、デファレンシャルケースの如きハウジングの内部に設けられた支持部等の固定部分の内周面と、回転軸の外周面との間に組み付ける際に、各玉の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷が発生する事を防止できる。即ち、本発明のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受では、外輪の内周面及び内輪の外周面のうちで、前記固定部分に内嵌固定したこの外輪と、回転軸に外嵌固定したこの内輪とを組み合わせる際に前記玉の転動面が接触する可能性のある部分全体を、尖った角部がなく、しかも平滑面としている。従って、前記組み付け作業の際に、何れかの玉の転動面が、前記外輪の内周面又は前記内輪の外周面の何れの部分に勢い良く突き当たったり、或は強く擦れ合ったりした場合でも、当該玉の転動面に、上述の様な、傷等の損傷が発生する事はない。この為、タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受の運転時に、何れかの玉の転動面の損傷に起因する過大な振動や騒音の発生を防止し、しかも、前記タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受の耐久性を十分に確保できる。   According to the tandem angular contact ball bearing of the present invention configured as described above, between the inner peripheral surface of a fixed portion such as a support portion provided inside the housing, such as a differential case, and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft. When assembling, it is possible to prevent damage such as scratches from occurring on the rolling surfaces of the balls so as to cause an excessive decrease in life. That is, in the tandem angular contact ball bearing according to the present invention, the outer ring that is fitted and fixed to the fixed portion of the inner ring surface of the outer ring and the outer ring surface of the inner ring is combined with the inner ring that is fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft. In this case, the entire portion where the rolling surface of the ball may come into contact has no sharp corners and is a smooth surface. Therefore, even when the rolling surface of one of the balls hits any part of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring or the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring vigorously or rubs strongly during the assembly operation. No damage such as scratches occurs on the rolling surface of the ball. For this reason, during the operation of the tandem angular ball bearing, excessive vibration and noise due to damage of the rolling surface of any ball are prevented, and the durability of the tandem angular ball bearing is sufficient. It can be secured.

本発明の実施の形態の1例を示す半部断面図。The half part sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the invention. 外輪の内周面及び内輪の外周面のうち、断面形状の曲率半径を確保すべき部分を示す為の半部断面図。The half part sectional view for showing the part which should ensure the curvature radius of a cross-sectional shape among the inner peripheral surface of an outer ring | wheel, and the outer peripheral surface of an inner ring | wheel. 外輪の内周面及び内輪の外周面のうち、外輪軌道及び内輪軌道から外れた部分で表面を平滑にすべき部分を示す為の半部断面図。FIG. 6 is a half sectional view for showing a portion of the inner ring surface of the outer ring and the outer ring surface of the inner ring whose surface should be smoothed at a portion deviated from the outer ring track and the inner ring track. 外輪を支持部に内嵌するのに先立って、この外輪の内径側に玉を組み付ける状態を示す半部断面図。The half part sectional view which shows the state which assembles | attaches a ball | bowl on the internal diameter side of this outer ring | wheel before fitting an outer ring | wheel into a support part. 内径側に複数個の玉を組み付けた外輪を支持部に内嵌固定した後、これら各玉の内径側に、予めピニオン軸に外嵌固定した内輪を組み付ける状態を示す半部断面図。FIG. 6 is a half sectional view showing a state in which an outer ring in which a plurality of balls are assembled on the inner diameter side is fitted and fixed to a support portion, and then an inner ring that is fitted and fixed to a pinion shaft is assembled on the inner diameter side of each of the balls. 本発明の対象となるタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受を組み込んだ、デファレンシャルギヤを構成するピニオン軸の回転支持部の従来構造の1例を示す半部断面図。The half part sectional view which shows one example of the conventional structure of the rotation support part of the pinion shaft which comprises the differential gear which incorporated the tandem angular ball bearing used as the object of this invention.

図1〜5は、本発明の実施の形態の1例を示している。タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受である本例の玉軸受1aは、外輪5aと、内輪6aと、複数個の玉7、7と、1対の保持器8a、8bとを備える。このうちの外輪5aは、内周面に、互いに内径が異なる、それぞれがアンギュラ型である2列の外輪軌道9a、9bを設けている。又、前記内輪6aは、前記外輪5aの内径側にこの外輪5aと同心に配置されたもので、外周面のうちで前記両外輪軌道9a、9bに対向する部分に、それぞれがアンギュラ型であって互いに外径が異なる、2列の内輪軌道10a、10bを設けている。運転時には、前記外輪5aと前記内輪6aとの間に、このうちの外輪5aを図1の左方に、この内輪6aを同じく右方に、それぞれ押圧する方向のスラスト荷重が加わる。図5〜6に示す様なデファレンシャルギヤに組み込んだ状態では、前記内輪6aの(外周面に関する)大径側が入力側となって、この内輪6aに、図1〜3、5で右向きのスラスト荷重が加わる。これに対して、前記外輪5aの(内周面側に関する)小径側がこのスラスト荷重の出力側となり、このスラスト荷重に対する反力として前記外輪5aに、図1〜5で左向きの力が加わる。   1 to 5 show an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The ball bearing 1a of this example which is a tandem angular ball bearing includes an outer ring 5a, an inner ring 6a, a plurality of balls 7 and 7, and a pair of cages 8a and 8b. Of these, the outer ring 5a is provided with two rows of outer ring raceways 9a and 9b having different inner diameters, each having an angular shape, on the inner peripheral surface. The inner ring 6a is disposed concentrically with the outer ring 5a on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5a, and each of the outer peripheral surfaces is an angular type in a portion facing both the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b. Two rows of inner ring raceways 10a and 10b having different outer diameters are provided. During operation, a thrust load is applied between the outer ring 5a and the inner ring 6a in such a direction that the outer ring 5a is pressed to the left in FIG. 1 and the inner ring 6a is also pressed to the right. 5-6, in the state where it is incorporated in a differential gear, the large-diameter side (with respect to the outer peripheral surface) of the inner ring 6a becomes the input side, and the right-side thrust load in FIGS. Will be added. On the other hand, the smaller diameter side (with respect to the inner peripheral surface side) of the outer ring 5a is the output side of this thrust load, and a leftward force in FIGS. 1 to 5 is applied to the outer ring 5a as a reaction force against this thrust load.

前記両外輪軌道9a、9bの内径は、前記外輪5aに対する前記反力の作用方向前側(図1の左側)の外輪軌道9aの方が大きく、同じく後側(図1の右側)の外輪軌道9bの方が小さい。又、前記両内輪軌道10a、10bの外径は、前記内輪6aに対する前記スラスト荷重の作用方向後側(図1の左側)の内輪軌道10aの方が大きく、同じく前側(図1の右側)の内輪軌道10bの方が小さい。又、前記各玉7、7は、前記両外輪軌道9a、9bと前記両内輪軌道10a、10bとの間に、それぞれの列毎に複数個ずつ、且つ、両列同士の間で同じ方向の(並列組み合わせ型の)接触角α、β{α、βの大きさ(絶対値)は、同じでも、互いに異なっても良いを付与された状態で、転動自在に設けられている。更に、前記両保持器8a、8bは、互いに直径が異なり、それぞれが前記両列の玉7、7を転動自在に保持している。以上に述べた、玉軸受1aの基本的構成に就いては、前述の図7に示した従来から知られているタンデムアンギュラ型の玉軸受1の場合と同様である。 The inner diameters of the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b are larger in the outer ring raceway 9a on the front side (left side in FIG. 1) of the reaction force acting on the outer ring 5a, and also on the rear side (right side in FIG. 1). Is smaller. Further, the outer diameters of the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b are larger on the inner ring raceway 10a on the rear side (left side in FIG. 1) of the thrust load acting on the inner ring 6a, and on the front side (right side in FIG. 1). The inner ring raceway 10b is smaller. In addition, the balls 7 and 7 have a plurality of balls in each row between the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b and the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b, and in the same direction between the rows. The contact angles α and β (of the parallel combination type) {the sizes (absolute values) of α and β may be the same or different from each other } are provided so as to be freely rollable. Furthermore, both the holders 8a and 8b have different diameters, and hold the balls 7 and 7 in both rows in a freely rollable manner. The basic configuration of the ball bearing 1a described above is the same as that of the conventionally known tandem angular ball bearing 1 shown in FIG.

特に、本例の玉軸受1aの場合には、前記外輪5aの内周面のうちで、内径が小さい外輪軌道9bから、この外輪5aの軸方向両端面のうちで内径が大きい側の端面13との連続部までの部分全体を、断面形状に関して微分不能な(尖った)角部がなく滑らかに連続し、且つ、研磨加工された平滑面としている。又、前記内輪6aの外周面のうちで、外径が大きい内輪軌道10aから、この内輪6aの軸方向両端面のうちで外径が小さい側の端面14との連続部までの部分全体を、断面形状に関して微分不能な(尖った)角部がなく滑らかに連続し、且つ、研磨加工された平滑面としている。尚、前記両端面13、14そのものは、必ずしも平滑面とする必要はないが、平滑面とする事は自由である。但し、前記両端面13、14と前記外輪5aの内周面又は前記内輪6aの外周面との連続部である、角部15a、15gは、何れも平滑面とする。 In particular, in the case of the ball bearing 1a of the present example, from the inner ring surface of the outer ring 5a, the outer ring raceway 9b having a smaller inner diameter to the end face 13 on the side having the larger inner diameter among both axial end faces of the outer ring 5a. The entire portion up to the continuous portion is a smooth surface that is smooth and continuous with no indistinguishable (pointed) corners with respect to the cross-sectional shape. Further, of the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a, the entire portion from the inner ring raceway 10a having a large outer diameter to the continuous portion with the end surface 14 on the side having the smaller outer diameter of both axial end surfaces of the inner ring 6a, The cross-sectional shape has no indistinguishable (pointed) corners, is smoothly continuous, and is a polished smooth surface. The both end surfaces 13 and 14 themselves do not necessarily have to be smooth surfaces, but they can be made smooth surfaces. However, the corner portions 15a and 15g, which are continuous portions of the both end surfaces 13 and 14 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a or the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a, are smooth surfaces.

上述の点に就いて、図2〜3を参照しつつ、詳しく説明する。前記外輪5aの内周面のうちで前記両外輪軌道9a、9b部分、前記内輪6aの外周面のうちで前記両内輪軌道10a、10b部分は、従来から回転砥石による研磨加工を施して、平滑面としている。これに対して、前記両周面のうちで前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10b部分以外には、特に研磨加工等の特別な加工を施さず、粗面や尖った角部をそのまま残していた。例えば、図2に破線の丸印で示した、外輪5aの内周面のうちの6箇所位置、内輪6aの外周面のうちの3箇所位置の、合計9箇所位置の角部15a〜15iのうち、前記各軌道9a、9b、10bの側縁部分に存在する角部15c、15d、15f、15h、15iに関しては、これら各軌道9a、9b、10bを研磨加工する際に形成されるエッジ形状(断面形状が微分不能な尖端)をそのまま残していた。又、残りの角部15a、15b、15e、15gに関しても、隣接する面を切削加工する際に形成されるエッジ形状をそのまま残していた。要するに、何れの角部15a〜15iに就いても、微分不能な(或る1点に関して単一の接線を設定できない、断面形状の曲率半径がほぼ0である尖った)形状のまま残していた。又、図3に鎖線の楕円印により示した、外輪5aの内周面、内輪6aの外周面の2箇所位置ずつ、合計4箇所位置の傾斜面部16a〜16d、並びに、前記両外輪軌道9a、9bの大径側から連続する2箇所の円筒面部17a、17bに関しては、切削加工面や熱処理肌をそのまま残していた。この為に従来の場合には、前述した通り、玉軸受1(図6参照)の組立時に、玉7、7の転動面を傷め易かった。   The above point will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The outer ring raceways 9a and 9b are part of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a, and the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b are part of the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a. It is a surface. On the other hand, except for the portions of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b on both the peripheral surfaces, no special processing such as polishing is performed, and rough surfaces and sharp corners are left as they are. It was. For example, a total of nine corners 15a to 15i of the six positions on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a and the three positions on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a, as indicated by broken-line circles in FIG. Of these, the corners 15c, 15d, 15f, 15h, and 15i existing on the side edge portions of the tracks 9a, 9b, and 10b are edge shapes formed when the tracks 9a, 9b, and 10b are polished. (The tip having a non-differentiable cross-sectional shape) was left as it was. In addition, the remaining corner portions 15a, 15b, 15e, and 15g also leave the edge shape formed when the adjacent surfaces are cut. In short, any corners 15a to 15i are left in a shape that cannot be differentiated (a single tangent cannot be set for a certain point, and the cross-sectional shape has a sharp radius of curvature of 0). . In addition, the inclined surface portions 16a to 16d at a total of four positions, each of the two positions of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a, shown by the chain line ellipse in FIG. With respect to the two cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b continuous from the large diameter side of 9b, the cut surface and the heat-treated skin were left as they were. For this reason, in the conventional case, as described above, when the ball bearing 1 (see FIG. 6) is assembled, the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 are easily damaged.

これに対して本例の場合には、前記外輪5aの内周面及び前記内輪6aの外周面に、前記両外輪軌道9a、9b部分及び前記両内輪軌道10a、10b以外の部分まで研磨加工を施して、前記各傾斜面部16a〜16d及び前記各円筒面部17a、17bを平滑面としている。即ち、これら各傾斜面部16a〜16d及びこれら両円筒面部17a、17bを、表面粗さが0.4μmRa程度の平滑面としている。尚、前記各傾斜面部16a〜16d及び前記両円筒面部17a、17bの表面粗さに関しては、後述する様に、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bと同時に研磨する事を考慮して、上述の様に0.4μmRaとした。但し、前記表面粗さに関しては、例えば、0.6μmRa程度、更には0.8μmRa程度にまで大きく(粗く)しても、玉7、7の転動面の損傷防止の面からは問題ない。表面粗さの値は、小さいほど、玉7、7の転動面の損傷防止や良質の軌道9a、9b、10a、10bを得る面からは好ましいが、過度に小さくしても、加工コストが嵩むだけになる。加工コストを考慮した場合、前記表面粗さを0.2μmRaよりも小さくする事は現実的ではない。前記各傾斜面部16a〜16d及び前記両円筒面部17a、17bを上述の様な平滑面とすれば、これら各面部16a〜16d、17a、17bと前記各玉7、7の転動面とが、多少強く擦れ合ったとしても、これら各玉7、7の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の損傷が生じる事はない。尚、前記各面部16a〜16d、17a、17bの表面粗さは、後述する超仕上加工前に於ける、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bの表面粗さと同じとする事が、加工の容易化の面からは好ましい。この理由に就いては後述する。   On the other hand, in the case of this example, the inner ring surface of the outer ring 5a and the outer ring surface of the inner ring 6a are ground to the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b and the portions other than the inner ring raceways 10a and 10b. Thus, the inclined surface portions 16a to 16d and the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b are smooth surfaces. That is, each of these inclined surface portions 16a to 16d and both the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b are smooth surfaces having a surface roughness of about 0.4 μmRa. The surface roughness of each of the inclined surface portions 16a to 16d and the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b is as described above in consideration of polishing simultaneously with the respective tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b, as will be described later. As shown in FIG. However, with respect to the surface roughness, for example, even if the surface roughness is increased (roughened) to about 0.6 μmRa and further to about 0.8 μmRa, there is no problem in terms of preventing damage to the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7. A smaller surface roughness value is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 and obtaining good quality tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b. It only becomes bulky. In consideration of the processing cost, it is not realistic to make the surface roughness smaller than 0.2 μmRa. If the inclined surface portions 16a to 16d and the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b are smooth surfaces as described above, the surface portions 16a to 16d, 17a and 17b and the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 are Even if they rub against each other to some extent, the rolling surfaces of these balls 7 and 7 will not be damaged to the extent that they cause an excessive decrease in life. The surface roughness of each of the surface portions 16a to 16d, 17a, and 17b is the same as the surface roughness of each of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b before superfinishing, which will be described later. It is preferable in terms of facilitation. This reason will be described later.

更に、前記外輪5aの内周面のうちで、前記端面13から前記小径側の外輪軌道9bまでに存在する各面同士の間部分に存在する角部15a〜15f、並びに、前記内輪6aの外周面のうちで、前記端面14から前記傾斜面部16dまでの間部分に存在する角部15g〜15iに関しては、研磨加工により、断面形状の曲率半径が0.2mm以上である凸曲面(であり、前記各面部16a〜16d、17a、17bと同等の平滑面)としている。前記各角部15a〜15iの断面形状に関する曲率半径の上限値は特に規制しない。この曲率半径が大きい程前記各玉7、7の転動面の損傷を防止する面からは有利になるが、徒に大きくしても、それ以上の損傷防止効果は期待できなくなるし、軌道面に隣接する角部15c、15d、15f、15h、15iに関しては、玉7、7の保持機能や転走面の幅寸法確保の面から弊害を生じる。従って、前記曲率半径の最大値は、これらの点や、場合によっては保持器8a、8bの形状・材質等を考慮して、設計的考慮により規制する。デファレンシャルギヤやトランスファのピニオン軸支持用のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受の場合、前記曲率半径を1mmを超えて大きくする事は好ましくない。尚、前記各角部15a〜15iの断面形状は、単一円弧でも、或は、互いに曲率半径の異なる複数の円弧を組み合わせた(滑らかに連続させた)複合円弧でも良い。この場合、最も曲率半径が小さな円弧部分の曲率半径を0.2mm以上とする。   Furthermore, among the inner peripheral surfaces of the outer ring 5a, corners 15a to 15f existing between the end surfaces 13 to the outer ring raceway 9b on the small diameter side, and outer peripheries of the inner ring 6a. Among the surfaces, the corner portions 15g to 15i existing in the portion from the end surface 14 to the inclined surface portion 16d are convex curved surfaces (with a curvature radius of a cross-sectional shape of 0.2 mm or more by polishing, (Smooth surfaces equivalent to the surface portions 16a to 16d, 17a, and 17b). The upper limit value of the radius of curvature related to the cross-sectional shape of each of the corners 15a to 15i is not particularly limited. The larger the radius of curvature, the more advantageous in terms of preventing damage to the rolling surfaces of the balls 7, 7, but no further damage prevention effect can be expected even if the radius is increased. As for the corners 15c, 15d, 15f, 15h, and 15i adjacent to, a problem is caused in terms of the holding function of the balls 7 and 7 and the securing of the width dimension of the rolling surface. Accordingly, the maximum value of the radius of curvature is restricted by design considerations in consideration of these points and, in some cases, the shape and material of the cages 8a and 8b. In the case of a tandem angular ball bearing for supporting a differential gear or a transfer pinion shaft, it is not preferable to increase the curvature radius beyond 1 mm. The cross-sectional shape of each of the corners 15a to 15i may be a single arc or a complex arc in which a plurality of arcs having different curvature radii are combined (smoothly continued). In this case, the radius of curvature of the arc portion having the smallest radius of curvature is set to 0.2 mm or more.

前記各角部15a〜15iの断面形状の曲率半径を大きくする事も合わせて、前記外輪5aの内周面及び前記内輪6aの外周面の形状及び性状(表面粗さ)を上述の様にする作業は、それぞれが加工すべき周面の母線形状と一致する母線形状を有する、所謂総型の回転砥石により行う事が好ましい。この理由は、当該周面の形状及び性状を一挙に加工できて、加工能率を良好にできるだけでなく、当該周面を幅方向に分割して別々の砥石により加工する場合の様に、分割部分に尖った段差等が生じる可能性をなくせる為である。この様な理由で総型の回転砥石により前記両周面に仕上加工を施す事が好ましいが、総型の回転砥石の場合、全幅に亙って同じ性状とする事が現実的である。この様な理由から、前記各傾斜面16a〜16dの表面粗さは、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bの表面粗さと同じとする事が好ましい。尚、前記角部15b、15c同士の間部分、前記角部15e、15f同士の間部分に存在する円筒面部17a、17bに就いても、同様の平滑面とする(総型の回転砥石による加工を行う)。この理由は、これら両円筒面部17a、17bに関しても、前記玉軸受1aの組み立て時に、前記各玉7、7の転動面と擦れ合うからである。   The shape and properties (surface roughness) of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a are set as described above, together with increasing the radius of curvature of the cross-sectional shape of each of the corners 15a to 15i. The operation is preferably performed by a so-called general-purpose rotary grindstone having a bus bar shape that matches the bus bar shape of the peripheral surface to be machined. The reason for this is that not only can the shape and properties of the peripheral surface be processed at once, but the processing efficiency is not only good, but also the peripheral portion is divided in the width direction and processed with separate grindstones. This is to eliminate the possibility of the occurrence of sharp steps on the surface. For these reasons, it is preferable to finish the peripheral surfaces with a general-purpose rotary grindstone. However, in the case of a general-purpose rotary grindstone, it is realistic to have the same properties over the entire width. For this reason, the surface roughness of the inclined surfaces 16a to 16d is preferably the same as the surface roughness of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b. The cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b existing between the corner portions 15b and 15c and between the corner portions 15e and 15f have the same smooth surface (processing with a rotating grindstone of a total type). I do). This is because the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b also rub against the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7 when the ball bearing 1a is assembled.

又、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10b部分は、前述した様に、表面粗さが0.4μmRa程度の平滑面とした後、超仕上加工を施す。この超仕上加工に伴って、又、前記各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bとこれら各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bに隣接する部分との境目に、断面形状に関して、極く僅かな曲がり部が形成される(これら各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bに隣接する部分の母線が、これら各軌道9a、9b、10a、10bの断面形状の円弧に対し、完全には接線方向に存在しない状態となる)可能性がある。但し、この様な曲がり部の曲がり角度(前記完全な接線方向に対する前記母線の方向のずれ)は極めて小さく、前記曲がり部が前記各玉7、7の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷を与える事はない。従って、この様な超仕上加工に伴って生じる曲がり部は、本明細書及び特許請求の範囲で言う、微分不能な角部ではない。   Further, as described above, each of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b is made into a smooth surface having a surface roughness of about 0.4 μmRa, and then superfinished. Along with this super finishing, there is also a very slight bent portion with respect to the cross-sectional shape at the boundary between each of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b and the portion adjacent to each of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (The buses adjacent to the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b are not completely tangential to the arcs of the cross-sectional shapes of the tracks 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b) Possible). However, the bending angle of such a bent part (deviation of the direction of the generatrix with respect to the complete tangential direction) is extremely small, and the bent part causes excessive life reduction on the rolling surfaces of the balls 7 and 7. It will not cause damage such as scratches. Therefore, the bent portion generated by such super finishing is not a non-differentiable corner portion as referred to in the present specification and claims.

上述の様な、本例の、タンデムアンギュラ型である玉軸受1aを、デファレンシャルケースの内部に設けられた支持部11aに設けた支持孔12aの内周面と、ピニオン軸3aの外周面との間(図5参照)に組み付けるには、先ず、図4に示す様に、両列の玉7、7をそれぞれ保持器8a、8bに保持した状態で、前記外輪5aの内周面に設けた、複列の外輪軌道9a、9aの内径側に組み付ける。これら両外輪軌道9a、9bに隣接する、前記両円筒面部17a、17bの内径は、これら両外輪軌道9a、9bの底部(最も内径が大きくなった部分)の内径よりも少しだけ小さくなっている。この為、前記両保持器8a、8bに保持された前記各玉7、7は、これら両保持器8a、8bを弾性変形させて、これら各玉7、7の外接円の直径を縮めつつ、前記大径側の端縁部を通過する。そして、通過後は、これら両保持器8a、8bの弾性的復元により前記各玉7、7の外接円の直径を拡げ、これら各玉7、7の転動面の一部を、前記両外輪軌道9a、9bに弾性的に当接させる。この結果、図5の右上部分に示す様に、前記各玉7、7が前記外輪5aの内径側に、前記両保持器8a、8bを介して、不用意に分離しない様に組み付けられる。従って、前記両円筒面部17a、17bの内径は、材質、厚さ、形状、寸法等により定まる、前記両保持器8a、8bの弾性変形量等を考慮して、組み立て容易性と組み立て後の非分離性とを両立させられる様に、設計的に定める。何れにしても、上述の様な組み付け作業の際、前記各玉7、7が、前記外輪5aの内周面に存在する角部15a〜15fや傾斜部16a、16bに突き当たったり擦れ合ったりする可能性がある。但し、これら各角部15a〜15fは、曲率半径が0.2mm以上の凸曲面であるし、前記両傾斜部16a、16b及び前記両円筒面部17a、17bは平滑面であるから、前記各玉7、7の転動面が、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の損傷を受ける事はない。尚、この様に、これら各玉7、7を前記外輪5aの内径側に組み付ける作業は、軸受の製造工場で行う。   As described above, the ball bearing 1a of the tandem angular type in this example is formed by the inner peripheral surface of the support hole 12a provided in the support portion 11a provided in the differential case and the outer peripheral surface of the pinion shaft 3a. As shown in FIG. 4, first, the balls 7 and 7 in both rows are held on the cages 8a and 8b as shown in FIG. 4, and are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 5a. The double-row outer ring raceways 9a, 9a are assembled on the inner diameter side. The inner diameters of the cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b adjacent to both the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b are slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the bottom portions (the largest inner diameter portions) of the both outer ring raceways 9a and 9b. . Therefore, the balls 7 and 7 held by the cages 8a and 8b are elastically deformed by the cages 8a and 8b, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the balls 7 and 7 is reduced. It passes through the edge on the large diameter side. Then, after passing, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the balls 7 and 7 is expanded by elastic restoration of the cages 8a and 8b, and a part of the rolling surface of the balls 7 and 7 is used as the outer ring. Elastic contact with the tracks 9a, 9b. As a result, as shown in the upper right part of FIG. 5, the balls 7 and 7 are assembled to the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5a through the both cages 8a and 8b so as not to be inadvertently separated. Accordingly, the inner diameters of the cylindrical surface portions 17a, 17b are determined by the material, thickness, shape, dimensions, etc., taking into account the amount of elastic deformation of the cages 8a, 8b, etc. Designed to achieve both separability. In any case, during the assembling operation as described above, the balls 7 and 7 abut against or rub against the corner portions 15a to 15f and the inclined portions 16a and 16b existing on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 5a. there is a possibility. However, each of the corner portions 15a to 15f is a convex curved surface having a radius of curvature of 0.2 mm or more, and the both inclined portions 16a and 16b and the two cylindrical surface portions 17a and 17b are smooth surfaces. The rolling surfaces 7 and 7 are not damaged so as to cause an excessive decrease in the service life. In this manner, the operation of assembling these balls 7 and 7 on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5a is performed at a bearing manufacturing factory.

上述の様に内径側に各玉7、7を組み付けた前記外輪5aは、デファレンシャルギヤの組立工場に運ばれ、図5の右上部分に示す様に、前記支持孔12aに、締り嵌めで内嵌固定する。この内嵌固定作業は、前記外輪5aの大径側の端面13を押圧する事により行えるので、前記各玉7、7の転動面が前記両外輪軌道9a、9bに強く押し付けられる事はなく、これら両外輪軌道9a、9bにブリネル圧痕が形成される事はない。   As described above, the outer ring 5a having the balls 7 and 7 assembled on the inner diameter side is carried to a differential gear assembly factory, and is fitted into the support hole 12a by an interference fit as shown in the upper right part of FIG. Fix it. This internal fitting fixing work can be performed by pressing the large-diameter end surface 13 of the outer ring 5a, so that the rolling surfaces of the balls 7, 7 are not strongly pressed against the outer ring raceways 9a, 9b. The Brinell impressions are not formed on the outer ring raceways 9a and 9b.

この様にして、前記支持孔12aの内径側に前記外輪5aを内嵌固定したならば、次いで、この外輪5aの内径側に保持された前記各玉7、7の内径側に、前記内輪6aを挿入する。この内輪6aは、この挿入作業に先立って、図5の左下部分に示す様に、ピニオン軸3aに、締り嵌めで外嵌固定しておく。この様に前記各玉7、7の内径側に前記内輪6aを、図5に太矢印で示す様に挿入する際に、これら各玉7、7が、この内輪6aの外周面に存在する角部15g〜15iや傾斜面部16c、16dに突き当たったり擦れ合ったりする可能性がある。但し、これら各角部15g〜15iにしても、曲率半径が0.2mm以上の凸曲面であるし、前記両傾斜面部16c、16dにしても平滑面であるから、前記各玉7、7の転動面が、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の損傷を受ける事はない。   In this manner, if the outer ring 5a is fitted and fixed to the inner diameter side of the support hole 12a, then the inner ring 6a is placed on the inner diameter side of the balls 7 and 7 held on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 5a. Insert. Prior to this insertion operation, the inner ring 6a is fitted and fixed to the pinion shaft 3a by an interference fit as shown in the lower left part of FIG. In this way, when the inner ring 6a is inserted into the inner diameter side of the balls 7, 7 as shown by the thick arrows in FIG. 5, the angles at which the balls 7, 7 exist on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 6a. There is a possibility of hitting or rubbing against the portions 15g to 15i and the inclined surface portions 16c and 16d. However, since each of these corners 15g to 15i is a convex curved surface having a radius of curvature of 0.2 mm or more, and both the inclined surface portions 16c and 16d are smooth surfaces, The rolling surface is not damaged to the extent that it causes an excessive decrease in life.

これらにより、前記タンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受である本例の玉軸受1aを、前記支持部11aと前記ピニオン軸3aとの間に組み付ける際に、前記各玉7、7の転動面に、過度の寿命低下の原因となる程の、傷等の損傷が発生する事を防止できる。この為、前記玉軸受1a(を組み込んだデファレンシャルギヤ)の運転時に、何れかの玉7、7の転動面の損傷に基づいて、過大な振動や騒音が発生する事がなく、しかも、この玉軸受1a(を組み込んだデファレンシャルギヤ)の耐久性を十分に確保できる。   Accordingly, when the ball bearing 1a of the present example, which is the tandem angular ball bearing, is assembled between the support portion 11a and the pinion shaft 3a, an excessive amount is applied to the rolling surfaces of the balls 7, 7. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of damage such as scratches that would cause a decrease in the service life. For this reason, during operation of the ball bearing 1a (a differential gear incorporating the same), excessive vibration and noise are not generated due to damage to the rolling surface of any of the balls 7, 7, and this The durability of the ball bearing 1a (a differential gear incorporating the ball bearing 1a) can be sufficiently secured.

本発明は、自動車用のデファレンシャルギヤ、トランスファ等の自動車用駆動系に組み込まれる装置に限らず、各種回転機械装置に組み込まれて、ラジアル荷重及びスラスト荷重が加わった状態で回転する回転軸を支承する為のタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受に適用できる。又、組立順序に関しても、図示の例に限らず、前述した特許文献3に記載されている様に、各玉及び保持器を内輪の外径側に組み付けた状態で、この内輪をピニオン軸等の回転軸に外嵌固定し、その後、ハウジング等に内嵌固定した外輪を、前記各玉の周囲に組み付ける事もできる。更には、外輪、内輪等の軌道輪を相手部材に嵌合固定してから、当該軌道輪の内径側又は外径側に玉を、保持器と共に組み付ける事もできる。   The present invention is not limited to an apparatus incorporated in an automobile drive system such as an automotive differential gear or a transfer, but is incorporated in various rotating machine apparatuses to support a rotating shaft that rotates in a state where a radial load and a thrust load are applied. It can be applied to tandem angular ball bearings. Further, the assembly order is not limited to the example shown in the figure, and as described in Patent Document 3, the inner ring is connected to the outer diameter side of the inner ring and the inner ring is connected to a pinion shaft or the like. It is also possible to assemble an outer ring which is externally fitted and fixed to the rotary shaft and then fitted to a housing or the like around each of the balls. Furthermore, after the race rings such as the outer ring and the inner ring are fitted and fixed to the mating member, the balls can be assembled together with the cage on the inner diameter side or the outer diameter side of the race ring.

1、1a 玉軸受
2 玉軸受
3、3a ピニオン軸
4 ピニオンギヤ
5、5a 外輪
6、6a 内輪
7 玉
8a、8b 保持器
9a、9b 外輪軌道
10a、10b 内輪軌道
11、11a 支持部
12、12a 支持孔
13 端面
14 端面
15a〜15i 角部
16a〜16d 傾斜面部
17a、17b 円筒面部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a Ball bearing 2 Ball bearing 3, 3a Pinion shaft 4 Pinion gear 5, 5a Outer ring 6, 6a Inner ring 7 Ball 8a, 8b Cage 9a, 9b Outer ring raceway 10a, 10b Inner ring raceway 11, 11a Support part 12, 12a Support hole 13 End surface 14 End surface 15a-15i Corner | angular part 16a-16d Inclined surface part 17a, 17b Cylindrical surface part

特開平11−48805号公報JP 11-48805 A 特開2004−169890号公報JP 2004-169890 A 特開2004−183745号公報JP 2004-183745 A 特開2009−138795号公報JP 2009-138895 A 特表2002−523710号公報JP 2002-523710A

Claims (2)

内周面に、互いに内径が異なる2列の外輪軌道を設けた外輪と、この外輪の内径側にこの外輪と同心に配置された、外周面に互いに外径が異なる2列の内輪軌道を設けた内輪と、これら両内輪軌道と前記両外輪軌道との間に、それぞれの列毎に複数個ずつ、両列同士の間で同じ方向の接触角を付与された状態で転動自在に設けられた玉とを備えたタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受に於いて、前記外輪の内周面のうちで、内径が小さい外輪軌道から、この外輪の軸方向両端面のうちで内径が大きい側の端面との連続部である断面円弧形の角部の外周縁部までの部分全体、及び、前記内輪の外周面のうちで、外径が大きい内輪軌道から、この内輪の軸方向両端面のうちで外径が小さい側の端面との連続部である断面円弧形の角部の内周縁部までの部分全体が、研磨加工された平滑面であり、且つ、前記外輪の内周面及び前記内輪の外周面の何れの周面に関しても、軸方向に隣接する、断面形状が互いに異なる面同士の間部分に存在する全ての角部の断面形状の曲率半径が0.2〜1mmであって、前記何れの周面に関しても、断面形状に関して微分不能な角部がない事を特徴とするタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受。 An outer ring provided with two rows of outer ring raceways with different inner diameters on the inner peripheral surface, and two rows of inner ring raceways with different outer diameters arranged on the outer peripheral surface are provided concentrically with the outer ring on the inner diameter side of the outer ring. The inner ring and a plurality of the inner ring raceways and the outer ring raceways are provided so as to be able to roll in a state where a contact angle in the same direction is given between the rows. In the tandem angular contact ball bearing provided with a ball, from the outer ring raceway having a small inner diameter, from the inner ring surface of the outer ring, to the end face on the side having the larger inner diameter in both axial end faces of the outer ring. From the inner ring raceway having a large outer diameter, the outer part of the outer ring of the inner ring, and the outer part of the outer ring of the inner ring in the axial direction. portion up to the inner periphery of the corner portion of the circular arc cross sectional shape is a continuous portion between the end surface of the diameter smaller side The body is a polished smooth surface, and the portion between the surfaces adjacent to each other in the axial direction that are adjacent to each other in the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring and the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring is different from each other. A tandem angular ball, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the cross-sectional shape of all the corners existing in the rim is 0.2 to 1 mm, and there is no corner that cannot be differentiated with respect to the cross-sectional shape on any of the peripheral surfaces. bearing. 前記研磨加工された平滑面の表面粗さが0.2〜0.8μmRaである、請求項1に記載したタンデムアンギュラ型玉軸受。The tandem angular ball bearing according to claim 1, wherein the polished smooth surface has a surface roughness of 0.2 to 0.8 μmRa.
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EP10807579.7A EP2503169B1 (en) 2009-11-20 2010-11-19 Tandem angular type ball bearing
CN201080002229.9A CN102171470B (en) 2009-11-20 2010-11-19 Series connection angular contact ball bearing
US13/059,414 US20110222807A1 (en) 2009-11-20 2010-11-19 Tandem angular ball bearing
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