JP5542531B2 - Ground improvement method and underpass method - Google Patents

Ground improvement method and underpass method Download PDF

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JP5542531B2
JP5542531B2 JP2010132369A JP2010132369A JP5542531B2 JP 5542531 B2 JP5542531 B2 JP 5542531B2 JP 2010132369 A JP2010132369 A JP 2010132369A JP 2010132369 A JP2010132369 A JP 2010132369A JP 5542531 B2 JP5542531 B2 JP 5542531B2
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improvement
injection
ground
steel pipe
improved
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JP2011256611A (en
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真人 安原
弘 稲熊
純治 礒野
淳一 奥西
武 山村
信行 衣斐
浩二 八代
達児 長尾
基彰 栗栖
正義 十二
敬介 千葉
高 永岡
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JTEC Corp
Central Japan Railway Co
Meiko Construction Co Ltd
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Central Japan Railway Co
Meiko Construction Co Ltd
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例えば、敷設された軌道の下方に構造物を構築する際に、軌道の変状を防止するための地盤改良工法や、地盤改良工法を実施してから地下構造物を構築するアンダーパス工法に関する。   For example, the present invention relates to a ground improvement method for preventing deformation of a track when a structure is constructed below a laid track and an underpass method for building an underground structure after performing the ground improvement method.

従来から、渋滞緩和や交通網の複雑化に伴って、軌道と道路や、軌道同士、あるいは道路同士の立体交差化が進んでいる。一般的には、軌道等の既設構造物の上空を交差するように道路等の新設構造物を構築するオーバーパス工法や、既設構造物の下方の地下部分に交差する新設の地下構造物を構築するアンダーパス工法によって立体化される。   Conventionally, along with alleviation of traffic jams and complications of traffic networks, three-way intersection between tracks and roads, or between tracks, or between roads has progressed. In general, an overpass construction method that constructs a new structure such as a road so as to cross over the existing structure such as a track, or a new underground structure that intersects the underground part below the existing structure It is three-dimensionalized by the underpass construction method.

特に、既設軌道に対する立体交差化においては、大地震による交差道路の軌道への影響を懸念し、アンダーパス工法が多く採用されている。
しかし、アンダーパス工法の場合、軌道等の既設構造物の下方に横断する方向の地下構造物を構築する際、既設構造物を支持する路床や路盤が緩んで既設構造物が沈下したり、逆に沈下を防止するための加圧によって***したりするおそれがあった。
In particular, in a three-dimensional intersection with an existing track, an underpass construction method is often employed because of the concern about the impact on the track of the intersecting road due to a large earthquake.
However, in the case of the underpass method, when constructing an underground structure that crosses below the existing structure such as a track, the subgrade and roadbed that support the existing structure will loosen and the existing structure will sink, There was a risk of bulging by pressurization to prevent subsidence.

そこで、地下構造物を構築する前に、地下構造物の構築箇所と既設構造物との間の地盤をあらかじめ地盤改良して地盤強化し、地下構造物を構築する際の影響が既設構造物におよぶことを防止している。   Therefore, before constructing the underground structure, the ground between the construction site of the underground structure and the existing structure is improved in advance to strengthen the ground, and the effect of constructing the underground structure is affected by the existing structure. It prevents it from reaching.

例えば、このような地盤改良に特許文献1に記載の方法を用いることもできる。特許文献1の地盤改良工法は、構築予定の地下構造物の周辺の改良対象地盤に有孔パイプを圧入し、有孔パイプからモルタル等の固結材を加圧注入することによって、改良対象地盤を地盤改良する方法である。   For example, the method described in Patent Document 1 can be used for such ground improvement. The ground improvement method of Patent Document 1 is to improve the ground by press-fitting a perforated pipe into the ground to be improved around the underground structure to be constructed, and pressurizing a solidified material such as mortar from the perforated pipe. It is a method to improve the ground.

しかし、この地盤改良工法を、既設構造物の下方に地下構造物を構築する際の地盤改良に用いると、既設構造物下の地盤を補強できるものの、有孔パイプの圧入により、既設構造物が***するおそれがあった。また、有孔パイプからの固結材の加圧注入によっても既設構造物が***するおそれがあった。   However, if this ground improvement method is used for ground improvement when building an underground structure below the existing structure, the ground under the existing structure can be reinforced, but the existing structure is There was a risk of uplift. In addition, the existing structure may be raised by pressure injection of the consolidated material from the perforated pipe.

特に、既設構造物が供用中の軌道である場合、***や沈下によるわずかな変状でも軌道に大きく影響するため、上述のような***のおそれがある地盤改良工法は、一般的に、列車が運行しない夜間か列車間合いに限定して行うものの、***量が大きくなると、その復旧に時間がかかるため、上述のような***のおそれがある地盤改良工法を用いることはできなかった。   In particular, when the existing structure is a track in service, even a slight deformation due to ups and downs will greatly affect the track. Although it is performed only at night when it does not operate or between trains, since it takes time to recover when the amount of uplift increases, it has not been possible to use the above ground improvement method that may cause uplift.

また、特許文献1で提案された地盤改良工法では、改良対象地盤の土質によらず、一様に、有孔パイプの圧入と、固結材の加圧注入とを行うため、例えば、加圧による影響が鋭敏に作用する粘性土地盤である場合には、既設構造物は大きく変状するおそれもあった。   Further, in the ground improvement method proposed in Patent Document 1, in order to perform the press-fitting of the perforated pipe and the pressure injection of the consolidated material uniformly regardless of the soil quality of the improvement target ground, In the case of a cohesive ground where the influence of slab is sensitive, the existing structure may be greatly deformed.

特開平4−347297号公報JP-A-4-347297

この発明は、改良対象地盤の土質に応じて適した改良方法で適切に改良し、上部の既設改造物への影響を防ぐことができる地盤改良工法およびそれを用いたアンダーパス工法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention provides a ground improvement method and an underpass method using the ground improvement method that can be appropriately improved by an improvement method that is suitable for the soil quality of the improvement target ground, and that can prevent the influence on the existing remodeled object. With the goal.

この発明は、上部に既設構造物が構築されている地盤を改良する地盤改良工法であって、改良対象地盤が粘性土の場合、粘性土用鋼管を、前記改良対象地盤に所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入して地盤改良し、改良対象地盤が砂質土の場合、周方向における所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入可能な注入孔を備えるとともに、前記改良対象地盤に略水平方向に挿入する注入用鋼管の端部において、改良対象地盤に挿入した際に、前記改良対象地盤から露出する露出部分に、前記所定範囲を明示する明示手段を備え、前記注入用鋼管を前記改良対象地盤に所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入するとともに、前記注入孔が、所望の注入方向となるように、該明示手段によって、前記注入用鋼管の向きを調整し、前記注入用鋼管内部から前記改良対象地盤に前記改良材を注入して地盤改良することを特徴とする。 This invention is a ground improvement method for improving the ground on which the existing structure is constructed, and when the ground to be improved is viscous soil, the steel pipe for viscous soil is separated from the ground to be improved by a predetermined interval. When the ground to be improved is sandy soil, it is inserted in a substantially horizontal direction. When the ground to be improved is sandy soil, it is provided with an injection hole capable of injecting a liquid improving material in a predetermined range in the circumferential direction , and substantially horizontal to the ground to be improved. When the end of the steel pipe for injection inserted in the direction is inserted into the ground to be improved, the exposed portion exposed from the ground to be improved is provided with explicit means for clearly indicating the predetermined range, and the steel pipe for injection is improved Insert into the target ground in a substantially horizontal direction with a predetermined interval, and adjust the orientation of the steel pipe for injection by the explicit means so that the injection hole is in a desired injection direction, and the inside of the steel pipe for injection From the above Characterized by ground improvement by injecting the modifying material to the target ground.

上記既設構造物は、新幹線や在来線の軌道や、自動車用の道路等とすることができる。
上記粘性土は、粘性土、シルト、粘性土質シルト、無機成分がシルトやシルト質粘性土である有機質シルト、砂質粘性土あるいは火山灰質粘性土とすることができ、上記砂質土は、砂、砂礫、礫混り砂、あるいは砂質シルトとすることができる。
The existing structure may be a Shinkansen or conventional track, an automobile road, or the like.
The cohesive soil can be cohesive soil, silt, cohesive soil silt, organic silt whose inorganic component is silt or silty cohesive soil, sandy cohesive soil, or volcanic ash cohesive soil. , Sand gravel, sand mixed with gravel, or sandy silt.

上記液状の改良材は、例えば、水ガラス系の溶液型・緩結タイプの改良用薬液等の注入時点で液体であるが、注入後凝結して、注入された改良対象地盤の土粒子同士の結合力を向上させて改良体を形成する改良材である。   The liquid improvement material is a liquid at the time of injection of, for example, a water glass-based solution type / relaxation type improvement chemical solution, etc., but condenses after the injection, and between the soil particles of the injected improvement target ground It is an improved material that improves the bonding force to form an improved body.

上記周方向における所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入可能な注入孔は、全周方向に複数配置した注入孔の外側の一部をカバーし、所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入する構成や、周方向における所定範囲に設けた注入孔より所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入する構成とすることができる。   The injection hole capable of injecting the liquid improvement material into the predetermined range in the circumferential direction covers a part of the outer side of the plurality of injection holes arranged in the entire circumferential direction, and injects the liquid improvement material into the predetermined range. Or a configuration in which the liquid improving material is injected into the predetermined range from the injection hole provided in the predetermined range in the circumferential direction.

上記明示手段は、改良対象地盤に挿入した際に、改良対象地盤から露出する鋼管端部に、明記した所定範囲を示す表示、切り込み、凸部あるいは模様とすることができる。The indication means can be a display, a cut, a convex or a pattern showing a specified range specified at the end of the steel pipe exposed from the improvement target ground when inserted into the improvement target ground.

この発明により、改良対象地盤の土質に応じて適した改良方法で適切に改良することができる。
詳しくは、地盤の粘着力により自立性の高い粘性土地盤に改良材を注入すると、逆に、上部の既設構造物に***等の変状が生じるおそれがある。したがって、改良材を注入せず、粘性土用鋼管を、所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入することによって、改良対象地盤の粘着力が低い粘性土地盤であっても、鋼管周面と粘性土との摩擦により地盤と粘性土用鋼管とを一体化し、地盤強化することができる。
By this invention, it can improve appropriately with the improvement method suitable according to the soil quality of the improvement object ground.
Specifically, when the improvement material is injected into the viscous ground having high self-supporting property due to the adhesive force of the ground, there is a possibility that the upper existing structure may be deformed. Therefore, by inserting viscous steel pipes in a substantially horizontal direction at a predetermined interval without injecting the improvement material, even if it is a viscous ground with low adhesive strength, the steel pipe peripheral surface and viscosity The ground and the viscous earth steel pipe can be integrated by friction with the soil to strengthen the ground.

これに対し、改良対象地盤が砂質土である場合、所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に鋼管を挿入しただけでは、鋼管間の砂質土がいわゆる中抜けするおそれもあり、十分に地盤強化することができない。そこで、周方向における所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入可能な注入孔を備えた注入用鋼管を、改良対象地盤に所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入し、注入用鋼管内部から改良対象地盤に改良材を注入することにより、改良材が凝結して、注入用鋼管周囲の砂質土の砂粒子同士の結合力を高めて、十分に地盤強化することができる。   On the other hand, when the ground to be improved is sandy soil, the sandy soil between the steel pipes may be so-called hollowed out simply by inserting the steel pipes in a substantially horizontal direction at a predetermined interval, and the ground is sufficiently strengthened. Can not do it. Therefore, an injection steel pipe having an injection hole capable of injecting a liquid improvement material into a predetermined range in the circumferential direction is inserted into the ground to be improved at a predetermined interval in a substantially horizontal direction, and is improved from the inside of the injection steel pipe. By injecting the improvement material into the target ground, the improvement material condenses and enhances the bonding force between the sand particles of the sandy soil around the steel pipe for injection to sufficiently strengthen the ground.

また、注入孔が、所望の注入方向となるように注入用鋼管の向きを調整し、注入用鋼管内部から改良対象地盤に改良材を注入することにより、例えば、土被りが少ない箇所での改良の場合、注入方向を下方や側方とすることで、地上面に改良材が漏出するという不具合を防止したり、既設構造物に対する注入用鋼管を挿入する相対位置に応じた注入方向に改良材を注入することで、改良目的に応じた効率のよい地盤改良を実施することができる。   In addition, by adjusting the orientation of the steel pipe for injection so that the injection hole is in the desired injection direction, and by injecting the improvement material into the ground to be improved from the inside of the steel pipe for injection, for example, improvement in places where there is little earth covering In this case, by setting the injection direction downward or laterally, it is possible to prevent a problem that the improved material leaks to the ground surface, or to improve the injection direction according to the relative position of inserting the steel pipe for injection with respect to the existing structure. By injecting, efficient ground improvement according to the purpose of improvement can be implemented.

また、注入された改良材により注入用鋼管周囲の砂質土の砂粒子同士の結合力を高めることができるため、掘削時の余掘りの防止、水による引き込みの防止を図ることができる。   Further, since the injected improvement material can increase the bonding force between sand particles of sandy soil around the steel pipe for injection, it is possible to prevent overexcavation during excavation and to prevent water pull-in.

例えば、既設構造物が軌道である場合には、上述したように、この発明の地盤改良工法によって、改良対象地盤の土質に応じて適した改良方法で適切に改良することにより、下方での新設構造物の構築による影響が軌道に及ぶことを防止する軌道防護を効率よく行うことができる。   For example, when the existing structure is a track, as described above, the ground improvement method according to the present invention is appropriately improved by an improvement method suitable for the soil quality of the improvement target ground. It is possible to efficiently perform track protection that prevents the influence of the construction of the structure from reaching the track.

なお、上記改良材の注入は、低圧浸透型の改良材を用いて、割裂注入とならずに、改良対象地盤の土粒子の配列を乱すことなく改良材を注入する低圧浸透注入とすることができる。
また、上記粘性土用鋼管は、上記注入用鋼管と同じ鋼管を用いてもよく、異なる鋼管を用いてもよい。
The improvement material may be injected by using low pressure osmosis type improvement material, not split split injection, but low pressure osmosis injection in which the improvement material is injected without disturbing the arrangement of soil particles on the ground to be improved. it can.
Moreover, the said steel pipe for clay soil may use the same steel pipe as the said steel pipe for injection | pouring, and may use a different steel pipe.

また、前記改良対象地盤に挿入した際に、改良対象地盤から露出する前記注入用鋼管の端部における露出部分に、前記所定範囲を明示する明示手段を備え、該明示手段によって、挿入された注入用鋼管の向きを調整することにより、所定範囲を予め所望の方向に合わせ、その方向を維持しながら注入用鋼管を挿入せずとも、所定範囲の方向にとらわれずに注入用鋼管を挿入してから、明示手段に基づいて、所定範囲が所望の方向となるように合わすことができるため、確実に所定範囲を所望の方向に合わせることができるとともに、効率よく注入用鋼管を挿入することができる。In addition, when inserted into the ground to be improved, the exposed portion at the end of the steel pipe for injection exposed from the ground to be improved is provided with an explicit means for clearly indicating the predetermined range, and the injection inserted by the explicit means By adjusting the direction of the steel pipe, the predetermined range is adjusted to the desired direction in advance, and the steel pipe for injection is inserted without being caught in the direction of the predetermined range without inserting the steel pipe for injection while maintaining the direction. Therefore, based on the explicit means, the predetermined range can be adjusted to a desired direction, so that the predetermined range can be surely adjusted to the desired direction and the steel pipe for injection can be inserted efficiently. .

この発明の態様として、前記粘性土用鋼管あるいは前記注入用鋼管である挿入鋼管の挿入の前に、前記改良対象地盤における前記挿入鋼管の挿入箇所を、誘導管を略水平方向に削孔しながら挿入し、貫通した該誘導管の先端に前記挿入鋼管を連結し、該誘導管の引抜によって前記挿入鋼管を前記挿入箇所に挿入することができる。   As an aspect of the present invention, before inserting the steel pipe for viscous soil or the steel pipe for injection, the insertion pipe of the insertion steel pipe in the ground to be improved is drilled in a substantially horizontal direction while drilling the guide pipe in a substantially horizontal direction. The inserted steel pipe can be connected to the leading end of the guide pipe that has been inserted and penetrated, and the inserted steel pipe can be inserted into the insertion location by pulling out the guide pipe.

この発明により、改良対象地盤を必要以上に乱すことなく、注入用鋼管を所定の挿入箇所に挿入して、効率よく地盤改良することができる。
詳しくは、例えば、注入用鋼管を改良対象地盤に圧入すると、改良対象地盤の土粒子の配列が乱れ、挿入鋼管の挿入圧力が高すぎると、挿入圧力によって既設構造物に***等の変状が生じるおそれがある。しかし、予め、誘導管を略水平方向に削孔しながら挿入し、貫通した該誘導管の先端に前記挿入鋼管を連結し、該誘導管の引抜によって、既設構造物が変状することなく前記挿入鋼管を前記挿入箇所に挿入することができる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently improve the ground by inserting the steel pipe for injection into a predetermined insertion location without disturbing the ground to be improved more than necessary.
Specifically, for example, when the steel pipe for injection is press-fitted into the ground to be improved, the arrangement of soil particles in the ground to be improved is disturbed, and if the insertion pressure of the insertion steel pipe is too high, the insertion pressure causes deformation such as bulging in the existing structure May occur. However, the guide pipe is inserted while drilling in a substantially horizontal direction in advance, the insertion steel pipe is connected to the leading end of the guide pipe penetrated, and the existing structure is not deformed by pulling out the guide pipe. An insertion steel pipe can be inserted into the insertion location.

なお、例えば、誘導管を、先端方向修正装置を装備した水平削孔装置で削孔、挿入する場合、土被りの少ない挿入箇所であっても正確に誘導管を削孔、挿入することができる。したがって、挿入鋼管を所望の挿入箇所に正確に挿入し、設計に即した改良体を構築することができる。   For example, when the guide tube is drilled and inserted by a horizontal drilling device equipped with a tip direction correcting device, the guide tube can be precisely drilled and inserted even at an insertion site with little earth covering. . Therefore, it is possible to accurately insert the insertion steel pipe at a desired insertion location and construct an improved body in conformity with the design.

またこの発明の態様として、前記注入孔を、前記注入用鋼管の長手方向において所定間隔を隔てて複数設け、前記注入用鋼管に、注入内管を挿入し、前記注入孔ごとに前記改良材を注入することができる。
この発明により、長手方向の多点で改良材を注入する多点注入を、それぞれの注入孔において、正確に注入管理しながら注入して改良することができる。
As an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the injection holes are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the injection steel pipe, an injection inner pipe is inserted into the injection steel pipe, and the improvement material is provided for each injection hole. Can be injected.
According to the present invention, the multi-point injection in which the improvement material is injected at multiple points in the longitudinal direction can be improved by injecting and accurately controlling the injection in each injection hole.

またこの発明の態様として、前記注入内管及び前記注入孔を通過する改良材の管内抵抗を測定するとともに、前記改良対象地盤内への改良材の注入流量と実注入圧力とを測定し、前記管内抵抗及び前記実注入圧力に基づいて前記改良材の注入圧力を管理することができる。   Further, as an aspect of the present invention, the resistance of the improvement material passing through the injection inner pipe and the injection hole is measured, and the injection flow rate and the actual injection pressure of the improvement material into the improvement target ground are measured, The injection pressure of the improvement material can be managed based on the in-pipe resistance and the actual injection pressure.

改良対象地盤への改良材の注入速度が所定の限界速度を超えると、浸透注入状態から割裂注入状態に移行するため、改良地盤の土粒子の配列を乱すことなく改良材を浸透注入するための注入速度および注入圧力を設定する必要がある。そこで、この発明では、前記注入内管及び前記注入孔を通過する改良材の管内抵抗を測定するとともに、前記改良対象地盤内への改良材の注入流量と実注入圧力とを測定し、前記管内抵抗及び前記実注入圧力に基づいて前記改良材の注入圧力を管理することで、割裂注入状態に移行することなく、確実に、改良地盤の土粒子の配列を乱すことなく改良材を浸透注入することができる。したがって、例えば、土被りの少ない改良箇所であっても、例えば、改良材の割裂注入によって、地上面が***し、既設構造物が変状することを防止できる。   If the injection speed of the improvement material to the ground to be improved exceeds the specified limit speed, the state of infiltration injection will shift from the split injection state to the split injection state. It is necessary to set the injection rate and the injection pressure. Therefore, in the present invention, the resistance of the improvement material passing through the injection inner pipe and the injection hole is measured, and the flow rate of the improvement material and the actual injection pressure into the ground to be improved are measured. By controlling the injection pressure of the improvement material based on the resistance and the actual injection pressure, the improvement material is infiltrated and injected without disturbing the array of soil particles in the improved ground without shifting to the split injection state. be able to. Therefore, for example, even in an improved portion with little earth covering, it is possible to prevent the ground structure from being raised and the existing structure from being deformed by split injection of the improved material.

さらに例えば、長手方向における複数の注入孔において、実注入圧力を測定し、複数の注入圧力で管理すると、改良材を注入孔まで導通させるホースの長さが変化しても、より正確な注入圧力管理を行うことができる。   Furthermore, for example, if the actual injection pressure is measured at a plurality of injection holes in the longitudinal direction and managed with a plurality of injection pressures, even if the length of the hose that conducts the improved material to the injection holes changes, more accurate injection pressure Management can be performed.

またこの発明の態様として、前記既設構造物に対する前記注入用鋼管の挿入位置に基づいて注入用鋼管ごとに改良範囲を定めるとともに、前記改良材を、凝結速度の早い瞬結改良材と、凝結速度が遅く、低圧浸透型の低圧浸透型改良材とし、前記瞬結改良材によって、前記改良範囲の下方を改良し、前記瞬結改良材の注入後、前記改良範囲に前記低圧浸透型改良材を低圧浸透させて改良することができる。   Further, as an aspect of the present invention, an improvement range is defined for each injection steel pipe based on an insertion position of the injection steel pipe with respect to the existing structure, and the improvement material is a quick setting improvement material having a high setting speed, and a setting speed. The low pressure permeation type low pressure permeation type improvement material is improved, and the lowering of the improvement range is improved by the instantaneous setting improvement material, and after injection of the instantaneous setting improvement material, the low pressure permeation type improvement material is added to the improvement range. It can be improved by low pressure penetration.

この発明により、無駄に改良範囲を広げることなく、所望の形状で改良体を形成し、改良対象地盤を効率的に改良することができる。
詳しくは、前記既設構造物に対する前記注入用鋼管の挿入位置に基づいて注入用鋼管ごとに改良範囲を定めるため、既設構造物に対して効率的な改良体を形成することができる。
According to the present invention, an improvement body can be formed in a desired shape without unnecessarily expanding the improvement range, and the improvement target ground can be improved efficiently.
Specifically, since the improvement range is determined for each injection steel pipe based on the insertion position of the injection steel pipe with respect to the existing structure, an efficient improvement body can be formed for the existing structure.

また、改良材を単に低圧浸透注入した場合、改良材の自重により注入孔より下方に改良材が浸透して改良する傾向にあるため、注入孔より上部を改良するためには、例えば、改良材を加圧注入する必要がある。このように、加圧注入すると、土被りの少ない改良箇所では、加圧注入によって割裂注入状態となり、地上面が***したり、改良材が地表面から噴出するおそれがある。   In addition, when the improved material is simply injected by low pressure penetration, the improved material tends to penetrate and improve below the injection hole due to the weight of the improved material. Need to be injected under pressure. Thus, when pressure injection is performed, in an improved portion with little earth covering, a split injection state is caused by pressure injection, and there is a possibility that the ground surface rises or the improved material is ejected from the ground surface.

しかし、前記瞬結改良材によって、前記改良範囲の下方を改良し、前記瞬結改良材の注入後、前記改良範囲に前記低圧浸透型改良材を低圧浸透させて改良することにより、瞬結型の改良材で注入孔の下部に改良体が予め形成されているため、低圧浸透型改良材を低圧浸透注入しても、瞬結型の改良材による改良体の上に、低圧浸透型改良材による改良体を形成することとなる。したがって、加圧注入せずとも、注入孔より上部を低圧浸透型改良材で改良することができる。   However, by improving the lower portion of the improvement range by the instantaneous improvement material, and by injecting the low pressure penetration type improvement material into the improvement range after injection of the instantaneous improvement material, the instantaneous setting type is improved. Since the improved body is formed in advance in the lower part of the injection hole with the improved material, even if the low pressure penetration type improved material is injected by low pressure penetration, the low pressure penetration type improved material is applied on the improved body by the instantaneous setting type improved material. An improved body will be formed. Therefore, the upper part from the injection hole can be improved with the low-pressure osmotic improver without performing pressure injection.

さらにまたこの発明は、上述の地盤改良工法によって地盤改良後、改良済み地盤の下方に地下構造物を構築するアンダーパス工法であることを特徴とする。
上記地下構造物は、例えば、地上の既設構造物を横断する横断地下構造物や、地下タンクのような地下構造物とすることができる。
Furthermore, the present invention is an underpass construction method in which an underground structure is constructed under the improved ground after the ground improvement by the above ground improvement construction method.
The underground structure can be, for example, a transverse underground structure that crosses an existing structure on the ground or an underground structure such as an underground tank.

この発明により、地上の既設構造物が変状することなく、地下構造物を構築することができる。詳しくは、地上の既設構造物と、構築する地下構造物との間の改良対象地盤を改良しているため、地下構造物の構築のために、地下部分を掘削して開放しても、改良された改良対象地盤が緩むことがない。つまり、地下構造物構築のための掘削による影響が既設構造物におよぶことを改良済みの地盤によって防止できる。   According to the present invention, an underground structure can be constructed without the existing structure on the ground changing. Specifically, because the improvement target ground between the existing structure on the ground and the underground structure to be constructed has been improved, improvement is possible even if the underground part is excavated and opened for the construction of the underground structure. The improved target ground will not loosen. In other words, the improved ground can prevent the influence of excavation for building an underground structure on the existing structure.

したがって、地上の既設構造物を供用したまま、地下構造物を構築することができる。換言すると、例えば、既設構造物が軌道である場合、改良済みの地盤は、地下構造物構築のための掘削による影響が軌道に及ぶことを防止できる軌道防護として機能することができる。したがって、列車を運行させながら、地下構造物を構築することも想定できる。   Therefore, the underground structure can be constructed while the existing structure on the ground is used. In other words, for example, when the existing structure is a track, the improved ground can function as a track protection that can prevent the influence of excavation for building an underground structure from reaching the track. Therefore, it is possible to construct an underground structure while operating the train.

この発明の態様として、前記地下構造物を構築後、改良対象地盤に挿入した鋼管内部を充填材で充填することができる。
上記充填材は、モルタル、セメントミルク等のセメント系充填材や、樹脂系充填材とすることができる。
As an aspect of the present invention, after the construction of the underground structure, the inside of the steel pipe inserted into the ground to be improved can be filled with a filler.
The filler may be a cement filler such as mortar or cement milk, or a resin filler.

これにより、改良対象地盤に挿入した鋼管を引き抜くことなく、地盤中に残置させたまま、地上の既設構造物および新設した地下構造物を供用することできる。例えば、地下構造物構築後に鋼管を引き抜く場合、上述の改良によって地盤強化された改良済み地盤が鋼管の引抜により乱れて、地盤強度が低下し、既設構造物および地下構造物が変状するおそれがある。しかし、管内部に充填材を充填した鋼管を地盤中に残置しているため、改良済み地盤を乱すことなく、増大した地盤強度を維持することができる。   Thereby, the existing structure on the ground and the newly installed underground structure can be used while being left in the ground without pulling out the steel pipe inserted into the ground to be improved. For example, when a steel pipe is pulled out after construction of an underground structure, the improved ground strengthened by the above-mentioned improvement is disturbed by the steel pipe being pulled out, the ground strength is reduced, and the existing structure and the underground structure may be deformed. is there. However, since the steel pipe filled with the filler inside the pipe is left in the ground, the increased ground strength can be maintained without disturbing the improved ground.

この発明によれば、改良対象地盤の土質に応じて適した改良方法で適切に改良し、上部の既設構造物への影響を防ぐことができる地盤改良工法およびそれを用いたアンダーパス工法を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, there is provided a ground improvement method and an underpass method using the same which can be appropriately improved by an improvement method suitable for the soil quality of the improvement target ground and can prevent the influence on the existing existing structure. can do.

地盤改良工法について説明するための概略斜視図。The schematic perspective view for demonstrating a ground improvement construction method. 改良対象地盤が粘性土である場合についての概略正面図。The schematic front view about the case where the improvement object ground is cohesive soil. 改良対象地盤が砂質土である場合についての概略正面図。The schematic front view about the case where the improvement object ground is sandy soil. 地盤改良工法について説明するための概略縦断図。The schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view for demonstrating a ground improvement construction method. 指向性注入用鋼管についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about the directional injection | pouring steel pipe. 改良用薬液注入システムについての概略図。Schematic about the chemical | medical solution injection system for improvement. 地盤改良工法及びアンダーパス工法についてのフローチャート。The flowchart about a ground improvement construction method and an underpass construction method. 地盤改良工法及びアンダーパス工法の施工ステップを説明する説明図。Explanatory drawing explaining the construction step of a ground improvement construction method and an underpass construction method. 地盤改良工法及びアンダーパス工法の施工ステップを説明する説明図。Explanatory drawing explaining the construction step of a ground improvement construction method and an underpass construction method. 地盤改良工法及びアンダーパス工法の施工ステップを説明する説明図。Explanatory drawing explaining the construction step of a ground improvement construction method and an underpass construction method. 二段階指向性注入についての説明図。Explanatory drawing about two-step directional injection.

この発明の一実施形態を以下図面とともに説明する。
図1は地盤改良工法について説明するための概略斜視図を示し、図2は改良対象地盤400が粘性土である場合についての概略正面図を示し、図3は改良対象地盤400が砂質土である場合についての概略正面図を示している。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view for explaining the ground improvement method, FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view when the improvement target ground 400 is a viscous soil, and FIG. 3 shows the improvement target ground 400 made of sandy soil. The schematic front view about a certain case is shown.

また、図4は地盤改良工法について説明するための概略縦断図を示し、図5は指向性注入用鋼管10についての説明図を示し、図6は改良用薬液注入システム30についての概略図を示している。   4 shows a schematic longitudinal view for explaining the ground improvement method, FIG. 5 shows an explanatory view of the directional injection steel pipe 10, and FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the chemical solution injection system 30 for improvement. ing.

なお、図1乃至4では、地盤改良工法についての説明を明確にするため、改良対象地盤400を一部抜き出して図示している。また、それぞれの大きさについても、地盤改良工法の構成について明確になるように図示している。   In addition, in FIG. 1 thru | or 4, in order to clarify the description about a ground improvement construction method, some improvement object ground 400 is extracted and shown in figure. In addition, each size is also illustrated so as to clarify the configuration of the ground improvement method.

また、図1は、改良対象地盤400が砂質土である場合の概略斜視図を示している。また、指向性注入用鋼管10についての説明図である図5の図5(a)は、指向性注入用鋼管10の斜視図を示し、図5(b)は注入部分11の断面図を示し、図5(c)は注入部分11の縦断面図を示している。   FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view when the improvement target ground 400 is sandy soil. 5 (a), which is an explanatory view of the directional injection steel pipe 10, shows a perspective view of the directional injection steel pipe 10, and FIG. 5 (b) shows a cross-sectional view of the injection portion 11. FIG. 5C shows a longitudinal sectional view of the injection portion 11.

本発明の地盤改良工法は、新幹線等の軌道200の下方に、地下横断構造物300を構築するアンダーパス工法において、地下横断構造物300を構築する前に、軌道200と地下横断構造物300との間の地盤である盛土部402を改良対象地盤400として地盤改良する工法である。   According to the ground improvement method of the present invention, in the underpass method of constructing the underground crossing structure 300 below the track 200 such as the Shinkansen, before the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed, the track 200 and the underground crossing structure 300 It is a construction method for improving the ground as the improvement target ground 400 using the embankment portion 402 which is the ground between the two.

詳しくは、図1〜図4に示すように、地山401の上部に、路床402aと路盤402bとを盛土して盛土部402を構成している。さらに、盛土部402の上にバラスト403を締め固め、枕木202を長手方向に等間隔で載置し、枕木202の上に軌条201を固定して軌道200を構成している。   Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, an embankment portion 402 is configured by embanking a road bed 402 a and a roadbed 402 b on the top of a natural ground 401. Furthermore, the ballast 403 is compacted on the embankment portion 402, the sleepers 202 are placed at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the rails 201 are fixed on the sleepers 202 to constitute the track 200.

軌道200を横断する方向(図4において左右方向)に構築する地下横断構造物300は、上床部300aが所定の土被りとなる位置で、地山401に構築される矩形断面のボックスである。   The underground crossing structure 300 constructed in the direction crossing the track 200 (left-right direction in FIG. 4) is a rectangular section box constructed in the natural ground 401 at a position where the upper floor portion 300a becomes a predetermined earth covering.

地下横断構造物300を構築する前に、予め施工する地盤改良工法は、上述したように、軌道200と地下横断構造物300との間の改良対象地盤400の地盤強化するための工法である。   The ground improvement method to be constructed in advance before constructing the underground crossing structure 300 is a method for reinforcing the ground of the improvement target ground 400 between the track 200 and the underground crossing structure 300 as described above.

地盤改良工法について詳述すると、改良対象地盤400が粘性土であるか砂質土であるかによって、その施工方法は、異なっている。まず、改良対象地盤400が粘性土である場合、粘性土用鋼管20を、構築する予定の地下横断構造物300の長手方向に沿って、改良対象地盤400に対して水平方向に挿入する。さらには、粘性土用鋼管20は、軌道200の長手方向、つまり地下横断構造物300の幅方向に対して所定間隔を隔てて複数本挿入するとともに、幅方向位置をずらしながら高さ方向にも複数列挿入する。つまり、地下横断構造物300の上部の改良対象地盤400に対して、図2に示すように、粘性土用鋼管20を複数段複数列配置で挿入する。この粘性土用鋼管20同士の間隔や配置は、粘性土である改良対象地盤400の粘着力に応じて、設計し、配置する。   When the ground improvement construction method is described in detail, the construction method differs depending on whether the improvement target ground 400 is a viscous soil or a sandy soil. First, when the improvement target ground 400 is cohesive soil, the viscous earth steel pipe 20 is inserted in the horizontal direction with respect to the improvement target ground 400 along the longitudinal direction of the underground underground structure 300 to be constructed. Furthermore, a plurality of viscous earth steel pipes 20 are inserted at predetermined intervals with respect to the longitudinal direction of the track 200, that is, the width direction of the underground underground structure 300, and also in the height direction while shifting the position in the width direction. Insert multiple columns. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the viscous earth steel pipes 20 are inserted into the improvement target ground 400 at the upper part of the underground crossing structure 300 in a plurality of rows and rows. The interval and arrangement between the steel pipes for viscous earth 20 are designed and arranged according to the adhesive force of the ground to be improved 400 that is the clay.

このように、改良対象地盤400に対して複数本の粘性土用鋼管20を挿入することによって、改良対象地盤400が粘着力の低い粘性土地盤であっても、粘性土用鋼管20の周面と粘性土との摩擦により、粘性土と粘性土用鋼管20とを一体化し、地盤強化することができる。   Thus, even if the improvement object ground 400 is a viscous ground with a low adhesive force by inserting a plurality of viscous earth steel pipes 20 with respect to the improvement object ground 400, the peripheral surface of the viscous earth steel pipe 20 By the friction between the clay and the clay, the clay and the steel pipe 20 for clay can be integrated and the ground can be strengthened.

なお、粘性土地盤に後述する改良用薬液を注入すると、逆に、改良対象地盤400の上部の軌道200に***等の変状が生じるおそれがあるが、改良用薬液を注入せず、粘性土用鋼管20を水平方向に挿入するだけあるため、改良用薬液の注入による軌道200の変状が生じることなく、改良対象地盤400を地盤強化することができる。   In addition, when the improvement chemical solution described later is injected into the viscous ground, conversely, there is a possibility that deformation such as a bulge may occur in the track 200 above the improvement target ground 400, but the improvement chemical solution is not injected and the viscous soil is not injected. Since the steel pipe 20 is simply inserted in the horizontal direction, the improvement target ground 400 can be strengthened without causing the deformation of the track 200 due to the injection of the chemical solution for improvement.

次に、改良対象地盤400が図3に示すような砂質土である場合の地盤改良工法について説明する。改良対象地盤400が砂質土である場合、複数本の鋼管を複数段複数列配置して挿入するだけでは、鋼管の挿入によって砂質土の土粒子の配列が乱れるため、鋼管同士の間の砂質土が中抜けし、改良対象地盤400が緩んで、改良対象地盤400上部の軌道200に沈下などの変状が生じるおそれがある。   Next, the ground improvement construction method when the improvement target ground 400 is sandy soil as shown in FIG. 3 will be described. When the improvement target ground 400 is sandy soil, the arrangement of the soil particles of the sandy soil is disturbed by the insertion of the steel pipes by simply inserting a plurality of steel pipes arranged in multiple rows and rows, so that between the steel pipes There is a possibility that the sandy soil falls out, the improvement target ground 400 is loosened, and deformation such as subsidence may occur in the track 200 above the improvement target ground 400.

そこで、図2に示す粘性土用鋼管20と同様に、指向性注入用鋼管10を、所定間隔を隔てて複数段複数列挿入し、改良用薬液を低圧浸透注入して改良体40を形成する。さらに詳述すると、幅方向位置をずらして上下2段に配置した指向性注入用鋼管10のうち、上段の指向性注入用鋼管10は下方に改良用薬液を注入して下向き改良体40aを形成し、下段の指向性注入用鋼管10は、上方に改良用薬液を注入して上向き改良体40bを形成している。なお、この指向性注入用鋼管10同士の間隔や配置は、改良体40の強度等に応じて、設計し、配置する。   Therefore, as in the case of the viscous earth steel pipe 20 shown in FIG. 2, the directional injection steel pipes 10 are inserted in a plurality of stages in a plurality of rows at a predetermined interval, and the improvement chemical solution is formed by low-pressure infiltration injection. . More specifically, among the directional injection steel pipes 10 shifted in the width direction and arranged in two upper and lower stages, the upper directional injection steel pipe 10 injects an improvement chemical solution downward to form a downward improvement body 40a. The lower directivity-injection steel pipe 10 injects an improvement chemical solution upward to form an upward improvement body 40b. In addition, the space | interval and arrangement | positioning of this directional injection | pouring steel pipe 10 are designed and arrange | positioned according to the intensity | strength etc. of the improvement body 40. FIG.

これにより、上段の指向性注入用鋼管10による下向き改良体40aと、下段の指向性注入用鋼管10による上向き改良体40bとが、上下二段の指向性注入用鋼管10の間で重なり合い、確実に砂質土である改良対象地盤400を地盤強化し、崩落に対する抵抗力を向上することができる。   Thereby, the downward improvement body 40a by the upper-stage directivity injection steel pipe 10 and the upward improvement body 40b by the lower-stage directivity injection steel pipe 10 overlap between the upper and lower two-stage directivity injection steel pipe 10. In addition, the ground to be improved 400 that is sandy soil can be reinforced, and the resistance to collapse can be improved.

また、上段の指向性注入用鋼管10において下方に改良用薬液を注入して下向き改良体40aを形成しているため、例えば、上段の指向性注入用鋼管10から上向きに改良用薬液を注入した場合における、改良対象地盤400の地表面、すなわち軌道200の設置面から改良用薬液が噴出するという不具合を防止できる。   Moreover, since the improvement chemical | medical solution is inject | poured downward in the upper direction directivity injection steel pipe 10 and the downward improvement body 40a is formed, for example, the improvement chemical | medical solution was inject | poured upward from the upper direction injection injection steel pipe 10 In this case, it is possible to prevent the problem that the chemical solution for improvement is ejected from the ground surface of the ground to be improved 400, that is, the installation surface of the track 200.

なお、砂質土の改良対象地盤400に対して改良体40を形成するための指向性注入用鋼管10は、全周方向に改良用薬液を注入する一般的な鋼管に対して、周方向における改良用薬液の注入範囲を限定して注入することができる。   In addition, the directionality injection steel pipe 10 for forming the improvement body 40 with respect to the improvement object ground 400 of sandy soil is in the circumferential direction with respect to a general steel pipe in which the improvement chemical liquid is injected in the entire circumferential direction. The injection range of the chemical for improvement can be limited and injected.

詳しくは、図5(a)に示すように、指向性注入用鋼管10は、長手方向に所定間隔を隔てて複数の注入部分11を備えている。
指向性注入用鋼管10は中空の鋼管であり、図5(b),(c)に示すように、注入部分11において、周方向に等間隔で配置した注入孔12を備えている。なお、本実施例では、指向性注入用鋼管10として4.0A管を用いている。
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5A, the directional injection steel pipe 10 includes a plurality of injection portions 11 at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction.
The directional injection steel pipe 10 is a hollow steel pipe, and as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, the injection portion 11 includes injection holes 12 arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, a 4.0A pipe is used as the directional injection steel pipe 10.

そして、注入部分11における注入孔12の外周を、ゴム製で、注入孔12部分において周方向に形成したスリット13aによって逆止弁として機能するゴムカバー13で囲繞し、さらに、ゴムカバー13の外側半周分を覆う指向性カバー14を備えている。   The outer periphery of the injection hole 12 in the injection portion 11 is made of rubber and surrounded by a rubber cover 13 that functions as a check valve by a slit 13a formed in the circumferential direction in the injection hole 12 portion. A directional cover 14 that covers a half circumference is provided.

上述したように指向性注入用鋼管10を構成しているため、図5(c)において点線で示すように、内部に改良用薬液注入用の注入内管31を挿入し、注入内管31のパッカー31aを注入孔12の前後で拡張し、図示省略する吐出口より改良用薬液を吐出することで、注入孔12を通過した改良用薬液は、ゴムカバー13の付勢力に抗してスリット13aより指向性注入用鋼管10の外部に吐出することができる。   Since the steel pipe 10 for directional injection is configured as described above, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. By expanding the packer 31a before and after the injection hole 12 and discharging the improvement chemical from a discharge port (not shown), the improvement chemical that has passed through the injection hole 12 resists the urging force of the rubber cover 13 and is slit 13a. It can discharge to the exterior of the steel pipe 10 for directional injection more.

このとき、ゴムカバー13の外側半周分に指向性カバー14を備えているため、図5(b)において点線矢印で示すように、指向性注入用鋼管10の周方向に一部(本実施形態では、半周分の範囲である注入範囲X)に改良用薬液を吐出することができる。   At this time, since the directional cover 14 is provided on the outer half circumference of the rubber cover 13, as shown by a dotted arrow in FIG. 5B, a part of the directional injection steel pipe 10 in the circumferential direction (this embodiment) Then, the chemical solution for improvement can be discharged in the injection range X) which is a range of half a circle.

なお、上述した指向性注入用鋼管10における改良用薬液が吐出する範囲、すなわち注入範囲Xを、指向性注入用鋼管10の両端部において注入範囲明示15で明示している(図5(a)参照)。   In addition, the range which the chemical | medical agent for improvement in the directional injection | pouring steel pipe 10 mentioned above discharges, ie, injection | pouring range X, is clearly shown by the injection | pouring range indication 15 in the both ends of the directional injection | pouring steel pipe 10 (FIG. 5 (a)). reference).

次に、上述の注入内管31から改良用薬液を吐出するための改良用薬液注入システム30について図6とともに説明する。
改良用薬液注入システム30は、貯水槽38、材料コンテナ37、制御装置36、全自動ミキサ35、低吐出ポンプ34、流量・圧力センサ33、パッカー分流器32及び複数本の注入内管31とで構成している。
Next, an improvement chemical solution injection system 30 for discharging the improvement chemical solution from the above-described injection inner pipe 31 will be described with reference to FIG.
The chemical solution injection system 30 for improvement includes a water storage tank 38, a material container 37, a control device 36, a fully automatic mixer 35, a low discharge pump 34, a flow rate / pressure sensor 33, a packer shunt 32, and a plurality of injection inner pipes 31. It is composed.

グラウトを生成するための水を蓄えた貯水槽38と、改良用薬材が貯められた材料コンテナ37とは、水と改良用薬材を供給できるように、それぞれ全自動ミキサ35に接続されている。   A water storage tank 38 storing water for generating a grout and a material container 37 storing chemicals for improvement are respectively connected to a fully automatic mixer 35 so that water and chemicals for improvement can be supplied. Yes.

貯水槽38と材料コンテナ37から、水とグラウトの供給を受け、所定の配合率でミキシングして液状の改良用薬液を生成する全自動ミキサ35は、上流側から、低吐出ポンプ34、流量・圧力センサ33、パッカー分流器32及び注入内管31と接続し、生成した改良用薬液を供給する。なお、低吐出ポンプ34及び流量・圧力センサ33は、後述する制御装置36に接続されている。   A fully automatic mixer 35 that receives supply of water and grout from a water storage tank 38 and a material container 37 and mixes at a predetermined blending ratio to generate a liquid chemical for improvement is provided from the upstream side with a low discharge pump 34, a flow rate / It connects with the pressure sensor 33, the packer flow divider 32, and the injection | pouring inner pipe 31, and the produced | generated chemical | medical agent for improvement is supplied. The low discharge pump 34 and the flow rate / pressure sensor 33 are connected to a control device 36 described later.

低吐出ポンプ34は、全自動ミキサ35から供給された改良用薬液を、制御装置36から受けた制御信号に基づいて、下流側に向けて、改良用薬液を浸透注入可能な吐出速度・圧力で吐出するポンプである。
流量・圧力センサ33は、低吐出ポンプ34から吐出された改良用薬液の吐出速度・圧力を検出し、制御装置36に送信する構成である。
Based on the control signal received from the control device 36, the low discharge pump 34 supplies the improvement chemical solution supplied from the fully automatic mixer 35 toward the downstream side at a discharge rate and pressure at which the improvement chemical solution can be injected. It is a pump that discharges.
The flow rate / pressure sensor 33 is configured to detect the discharge speed / pressure of the chemical solution for improvement discharged from the low discharge pump 34 and transmit it to the control device 36.

制御装置36は、CPUとROMとRAMで構成される制御機、マウスやキーボード等の入力装置である操作装置、ハードディスク等の記憶装置、DVD−RAM等の各種記憶媒体を読取る記憶媒体読取装置、または記憶媒体読書き装置、及びLAN回線に接続可能なLANボード等の通信装置で構成する送受信装置等を備えたコンピュータである。そして、予め設定した吐出速度・圧力で改良用薬液を吐出するように、低吐出ポンプ34へ制御信号を送信し、その制御信号に基づいて低吐出ポンプ34が吐出した改良用薬液の吐出速度・圧力を検出した検出結果を流量・圧力センサ33から受信して、その検出結果に基づいて、低吐出ポンプ34に吐出速度・圧力の制御信号を送信する、すなわちフィードバック処理を行う構成である。
パッカー分流器32は、低吐出ポンプ34から吐出され、流量・圧力センサ33を通過した改良用薬液を、複数本の注入内管31に分流する装置である。
The control device 36 includes a controller composed of a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM, an operation device that is an input device such as a mouse and a keyboard, a storage device such as a hard disk, a storage medium reader that reads various storage media such as a DVD-RAM, Alternatively, the computer includes a storage medium read / write device and a transmission / reception device configured by a communication device such as a LAN board connectable to a LAN line. Then, a control signal is transmitted to the low discharge pump 34 so that the improvement chemical solution is discharged at a preset discharge speed and pressure, and the discharge rate of the improvement chemical solution discharged by the low discharge pump 34 based on the control signal The detection result of detecting the pressure is received from the flow rate / pressure sensor 33, and based on the detection result, the control signal of the discharge speed / pressure is transmitted to the low discharge pump 34, that is, the feedback process is performed.
The packer flow divider 32 is a device that diverts the chemical for improvement discharged from the low discharge pump 34 and passed through the flow rate / pressure sensor 33 to the plurality of injection inner pipes 31.

このように、改良用薬液注入システム30を構成することにより、複数本の注入内管31から浸透注入可能な吐出速度・圧力で改良用薬液を安定して吐出することができる。
なお、本実施例において、改良体40は、地下横断構造物300を構築する際に、軌道200の変状を抑制するための地盤強化、つまり軌道防護を目的とする仮設の改良体であり、地盤に対する注入の影響が小さい水ガラス系の溶液型・緩結タイプの改良用薬液を用いている。
Thus, by configuring the improvement chemical solution injection system 30, the improvement chemical solution can be stably discharged from the plurality of injection inner pipes 31 at a discharge speed and pressure that can be infused and injected.
In this embodiment, the improved body 40 is a temporary improved body for the purpose of ground reinforcement for suppressing deformation of the track 200, that is, track protection when the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed, Water glass-based solution-type and loose-type improvement chemicals that are less affected by injection into the ground are used.

次に、このような設備やシステムを用いた地盤改良工法、及び当該地盤改良工法を実施するアンダーパス工法の施工方法について、図7乃至10とともに説明する。
なお、図7はアンダーパス工法のフローチャートを示し、図8乃至10は地盤改良工法及びアンダーパス工法の施工ステップを説明する説明図を示している。
Next, the ground improvement method using such facilities and systems and the construction method of the underpass method for implementing the ground improvement method will be described with reference to FIGS.
7 shows a flowchart of the underpass construction method, and FIGS. 8 to 10 show explanatory diagrams for explaining the construction steps of the ground improvement construction method and the underpass construction method.

アンダーパス工法は、立坑等を予め構築する準備工(ステップs1)、地盤改良工(ステップs2〜12)、地下構造物構築工(ステップs13)、及び後仕舞い工(ステップs14)の順で施工する。   The underpass construction method is constructed in the order of preparatory work (step s1), ground improvement work (step s2 to 12), underground structure construction work (step s13), and post-finishing work (step s14). To do.

準備工(ステップs1)は、図1,4に示すように、地下横断構造物300を構築する両端付近に、軌道200の長手方向に平行な土留め壁410を鋼矢板や地中連続壁等で構築し、所定深さまで堀下げて、軌道200の横断方向両側に立坑420(420a,420b)を構築する(図8(a)参照)。なお、図8乃至10及び図2乃至4では、土留め壁410の図示を省略している。このように、土留め壁410を用いて立坑420を構築することにより、地盤改良工法で改良する改良対象地盤400の端部を土留め壁410で仕切ることとなる。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the preparatory work (step s <b> 1) is a steel sheet pile, an underground continuous wall, or the like near the both ends of the underground structure 300, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the track 200. The shafts 420 (420a, 420b) are constructed on both sides in the transverse direction of the track 200 (see FIG. 8A). 8 to 10 and FIGS. 2 to 4, illustration of the earth retaining wall 410 is omitted. Thus, by constructing the shaft 420 using the earth retaining wall 410, the end of the improvement target ground 400 to be improved by the ground improvement method is partitioned by the earth retaining wall 410.

準備工(ステップs1)に続く地盤改良工は、水平誘導削孔工(ステップs2〜5)、管理値設定工(ステップs6〜9)及び改良用薬液注入工(ステップs10〜12)の順に行う。   The ground improvement work following the preparatory work (step s1) is performed in the order of horizontal induction drilling work (steps s2 to 5), control value setting work (steps s6 to 9), and chemical injection for improvement (steps s10 to 12). .

詳しくは、図8(b)に示すように、軌道200の横断方向両側に構築した立坑420のうち、発進側立坑420aに、所定高さで削孔できるようにステージ52を組み、ステージ52の上部に設置した削孔機51で、指向性注入用鋼管10(粘性土用鋼管20)を挿入する箇所を、先端モニタ50a付きの誘導管50で、到達側立坑420bに向かって水平方向に削孔する(ステップs2)。このときの誘導管50は、指向性注入用鋼管10や粘性土用鋼管20よりひとまわり大きな外周を有する鋼管である。そして、この誘導管50の水平誘導削孔では、モニタ付きトランシットで削孔方向を計測しながら削孔するため、水平削孔距離に対する1/500の施工精度を十分に満足することができる。   Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8B, among the shafts 420 constructed on both sides in the transverse direction of the track 200, the stage 52 is assembled to the starting side shaft 420 a so that a hole can be drilled at a predetermined height. With the drilling machine 51 installed in the upper part, the place where the directional injection steel pipe 10 (cohesive earth steel pipe 20) is inserted is cut in the horizontal direction toward the arrival side shaft 420b with the guide pipe 50 with the tip monitor 50a. A hole is formed (step s2). The guide pipe 50 at this time is a steel pipe having an outer circumference that is slightly larger than the directional injection steel pipe 10 and the viscous earth steel pipe 20. In the horizontal induction drilling of this guide pipe 50, the drilling is performed while measuring the drilling direction with a transit with a monitor, so that the construction accuracy of 1/500 with respect to the horizontal drilling distance can be sufficiently satisfied.

改良対象地盤400が粘性土である場合(ステップs3:Yes)、到達側立坑420bまで貫通した誘導管50の先端に、粘性土用鋼管20を連結し、粘性土用鋼管20を連結したまま、誘導管50を発進側立坑420a側引き抜くことで、誘導管50で削孔した貫通孔に粘性土用鋼管20を引き込む(図8(c)参照)。そして、誘導管50と粘性土用鋼管20との外径差による空隙に瞬結型のシール材を注入し、改良対象地盤400が粘性土である場合の水平誘導削孔工及び地盤改良工を完了する(ステップs4)。   When the improvement target ground 400 is viscous soil (step s3: Yes), the viscous earth steel pipe 20 is connected to the tip of the guide pipe 50 penetrating to the arrival side shaft 420b, and the viscous earth steel pipe 20 is connected, By pulling out the guide pipe 50 from the start side shaft 420a side, the viscous earth steel pipe 20 is drawn into the through hole drilled by the guide pipe 50 (see FIG. 8C). Then, an instant-type sealing material is injected into the gap due to the outer diameter difference between the guide pipe 50 and the viscous earth steel pipe 20, and horizontal induction drilling and ground improvement work when the improvement target ground 400 is viscous soil. Completion (step s4).

このように、改良対象地盤400に対して複数本の粘性土用鋼管20を挿入することによって、改良対象地盤400が粘着力の低い粘性土地盤であっても、シール材を介した粘性土用鋼管20の周面と粘性土との摩擦により、粘性土と粘性土用鋼管20とを一体化し、改良対象地盤400を地盤強化することができる。   In this way, by inserting a plurality of viscous earth steel pipes 20 into the improvement target ground 400, even if the improvement target ground 400 is a viscous ground having a low adhesive force, it is used for a viscous soil through a sealing material. By the friction between the peripheral surface of the steel pipe 20 and the viscous soil, the viscous soil and the steel pipe 20 for the viscous earth can be integrated, and the ground to be improved 400 can be reinforced.

これに対し、改良対象地盤400が砂質土である場合(ステップs3:No)、到達側立坑420bまで貫通した誘導管50の先端に、指向性注入用鋼管10を連結し、指向性注入用鋼管10を連結したまま、誘導管50を発進側立坑420a側引き抜くことで、誘導管50で削孔した貫通孔に指向性注入用鋼管10を引き込む(ステップs5,図8(c)参照)。   On the other hand, when the improvement target ground 400 is sandy soil (step s3: No), the directional injection steel pipe 10 is connected to the tip of the guide pipe 50 penetrating to the arrival side shaft 420b, and the directional injection is performed. With the steel pipe 10 connected, the guide pipe 50 is pulled out on the start side shaft 420a side, whereby the directional injection steel pipe 10 is drawn into the through hole drilled by the guide pipe 50 (see step s5, FIG. 8 (c)).

そして、このとき、図1に示すように、土留め壁410から露出する指向性注入用鋼管10の端部に明示した注入範囲明示15によって、指向性注入用鋼管10の注入範囲Xが所定の注入方向となるように、指向性注入用鋼管10を回転させて注入方向を調整し、誘導管50と指向性注入用鋼管10との外径差による空隙に瞬結型のシール材を注入し(ステップs6)、水平誘導削孔工を完了する(図9(a)参照)。   At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, the injection range X of the directional injection steel pipe 10 is set to a predetermined value by the injection range clarification 15 specified at the end of the directional injection steel pipe 10 exposed from the retaining wall 410. The directional injection steel pipe 10 is rotated so as to be in the injection direction, the injection direction is adjusted, and an instantaneous seal material is injected into the gap due to the outer diameter difference between the guide pipe 50 and the directional injection steel pipe 10. (Step s6), horizontal induction drilling is completed (see FIG. 9A).

水平誘導削孔工後の管理値設定工では、後工程である薬液注入工において改良用薬液の注入管理を行うための管理値を設定する工程である。
まず、実注入圧力を把握できるように、注入箇所までの注入ホース、地中の指向性注入用鋼管10の管内抵抗を測定する(ステップs7)。なお、このとき、改良用薬液の粘性による影響を考慮するため、改良用薬液と水とによる所定速度毎の管内抵抗値(KPg,KPw)をそれぞれ測定する。
The management value setting work after the horizontal induction drilling work is a process of setting a management value for performing the injection management of the chemical liquid for improvement in the chemical liquid injection work that is a subsequent process.
First, in order to grasp the actual injection pressure, the in-pipe resistance of the injection hose up to the injection point and the underground directional injection steel pipe 10 is measured (step s7). At this time, in order to consider the influence of the viscosity of the improving chemical solution, the in-pipe resistance values (KPg, KPw) for each predetermined speed of the improving chemical solution and water are measured.

次に、改良対象地盤400へ改良用薬剤の注入において、注入速度が所定速度を超えると浸透注入状態から割裂注入状態に移行するため、改良対象地盤400の土粒子の配列を乱すことなく、改良用薬液を注入する浸透注入状態を維持するための注入速度及び注入圧力を管理基準値として設定するために、現場注水試験として、水を注入する際の所定速度毎の注入圧力TPwを測定する(ステップs8)。   Next, in the injection of the chemical for improvement into the improvement target ground 400, when the injection speed exceeds a predetermined speed, the state shifts from the osmotic injection state to the split injection state. In order to set the injection speed and the injection pressure for maintaining the osmotic injection state for injecting the medicinal solution as the management reference value, the injection pressure TPw at each predetermined speed when water is injected is measured as an on-site water injection test ( Step s8).

さらに、この現場注水試験で得られた測定注入圧力TPwと、ステップs7で得られる水の管内抵抗値KPwに基づいて注入時の所定速度毎の実注入圧力RPを、RP=TPw−KPwによって算出する。   Further, based on the measured injection pressure TPw obtained in this on-site water injection test and the in-pipe resistance value KPw of water obtained in step s7, the actual injection pressure RP for each predetermined speed at the time of injection is calculated by RP = TPw−KPw To do.

そして、ステップs8で算出した実注入圧力RPと、ステップs7で得られる改良用薬液の管内抵抗値KPgに基づいて所定速度毎の管理圧力BPを、BP=RP+KPgによって設定する(ステップs9)。   Then, based on the actual injection pressure RP calculated in step s8 and the in-pipe resistance value KPg of the chemical for improvement obtained in step s7, the management pressure BP for each predetermined speed is set by BP = RP + KPg (step s9).

この管理圧力BPで管理しながら改良用薬液を注入することで、改良対象地盤400の土粒子の配列を乱すことなく、浸透注入状態を維持しながら改良用薬液を注入することができる。   By injecting the improving chemical solution while managing at this management pressure BP, the improving chemical solution can be injected while maintaining the osmotic injection state without disturbing the arrangement of the soil particles of the improvement target ground 400.

管理値設定工を完了させると、指向性注入用鋼管10に、到達側立坑420b側から注入内管31を挿入し(ステップs10,図9(b)参照)、注入内管31の注入箇所を注入部分11にあわせ、パッカー31aを拡張させて(図5(c)参照)、ステップs9で設定した管理値を満足するように、制御装置36で注入速度及び注入圧力を制御しながら、注入部分11から改良用薬液を注入する(ステップs11,図9(c)参照)。これを、指向性注入用鋼管10の注入部分11のすべてで実施する。   When the control value setting work is completed, the injection inner pipe 31 is inserted into the directional injection steel pipe 10 from the arrival side shaft 420b side (see step s10, FIG. 9B), and the injection location of the injection inner pipe 31 is determined. The packer 31a is expanded in accordance with the injection portion 11 (see FIG. 5C), and the injection portion and the injection pressure are controlled by the control device 36 so as to satisfy the control value set in step s9. 11 is injected with the chemical solution for improvement (see step s11, FIG. 9C). This is performed in all of the injection portions 11 of the directional injection steel pipe 10.

このとき、指向性注入用鋼管10は、ステップs6において注入範囲明示15を用いて注入方向が調整されているため、所定の注入範囲Xに改良用薬液を注入して改良体40を形成することができる。また、上記管理値で管理しながら改良用薬液を注入するため、割裂注入状態に移行せず、浸透注入状態を維持しながら改良対象地盤400に改良用薬液を注入することができる。したがって、改良対象地盤400の上部の軌道200が変状することなく、改良対象地盤400を地盤強化することができる。   At this time, since the injection direction of the directional injection steel pipe 10 is adjusted using the injection range indication 15 in step s6, the improvement chemical 40 is formed by injecting the chemical solution for improvement into the predetermined injection range X. Can do. Moreover, since the chemical solution for improvement is injected while managing with the control value, the chemical solution for improvement can be injected into the improvement target ground 400 while maintaining the osmotic injection state without shifting to the split injection state. Therefore, the improvement target ground 400 can be strengthened without changing the upper track 200 of the improvement target ground 400.

このようにして、全数の注入部分11で改良用薬液を注入し、改良体40が形成されると、指向性注入用鋼管10から注入内管31を引き抜いて(ステップs12)、地盤改良工を完了する。   In this way, when the improvement chemicals are injected in the total number of injection portions 11 and the improvement body 40 is formed, the injection inner pipe 31 is pulled out from the directional injection steel pipe 10 (step s12), and the ground improvement work is performed. Complete.

なお、図9では1本の注入内管31のみ図示しているが、複数本の注入内管31をそれぞれ別の指向性注入用鋼管10に挿入し、同時注入することで効率的な地盤改良を行うことができる。そのとき、近くの指向性注入用鋼管10における長手方向位置が異なる注入部分11から改良用薬液を注入することによって、管理圧力内で注入する改良用薬液の注入圧力が局所的に高まって、軌道200が変状することを防止できる。   Although only one injection inner pipe 31 is shown in FIG. 9, efficient ground improvement is achieved by inserting a plurality of injection inner pipes 31 into different directional injection steel pipes 10 and injecting them simultaneously. It can be performed. At that time, by injecting the improvement chemical solution from the injection portion 11 having a different longitudinal position in the nearby directional injection steel pipe 10, the injection pressure of the improvement chemical solution injected within the control pressure is locally increased, and the trajectory It is possible to prevent 200 from being deformed.

このようにして地盤改良工によって、地下横断構造物300を構築する箇所の上部の改良対象地盤400を地盤強化し、軌道防護したのち、立坑420を地下横断構造物300が構築できる深さまで掘り下げ、地下横断構造物300を構築する(ステップs13,図10(a),(b)参照)。   In this way, by ground improvement work, the improvement target ground 400 at the upper part of the place where the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed is ground strengthened, and after the trajectory protection, the shaft 420 is dug down to a depth at which the underground crossing structure 300 can be constructed, An underground underground structure 300 is constructed (see step s13, FIGS. 10A and 10B).

なお、この地下構造物構築工(ステップs13)における地下横断構造物300の構築方法は、限定されず、例えば、角型断面鋼管を連結しながら地盤内に挿入し、角型断面鋼管内部をコンクリートで充填して地下横断構造物300を構築してもよいし、掘削、メッセル等の土留め及び支保を繰り返し、型枠を組んで地下横断構造物300を構築してもよい。   In addition, the construction method of the underground crossing structure 300 in this underground structure construction work (step s13) is not limited, For example, it inserts in a ground, connecting a square section steel pipe, and the inside of a square section steel pipe is made into concrete. The underground crossing structure 300 may be constructed by filling with, or the underground crossing structure 300 may be constructed by repeating the excavation, retaining and supporting such as a message, and forming a formwork.

このように、さまざまな施工方法によって地下横断構造物300を構築することはできるが、いずれの工法で地下横断構造物300を構築しても、地下横断構造物300の上部の改良対象地盤400を上述のように地盤改良によって地盤強化して軌道防護しているため、地下横断構造物300を構築することによる、地山401の緩みや加圧等によって軌道200が変状することを防止できる。   As described above, the underground crossing structure 300 can be constructed by various construction methods. However, regardless of the construction method of the underground crossing structure 300, the improvement target ground 400 above the underground crossing structure 300 is formed. Since the track is strengthened by the ground improvement as described above to protect the track, it is possible to prevent the track 200 from being deformed by loosening or pressurizing the ground 401 due to the construction of the underground underground structure 300.

地下横断構造物300の構築後、土留め壁410から露出する指向性注入用鋼管10の端部を切り落とし、指向性注入用鋼管10内部に充填材17を充填するとともに(ステップs14,図10(c)参照)、地下横断構造物300の坑口を構築して、地下横断構造物300を構築するアンダーパス工法を完了する。   After construction of the underground crossing structure 300, the end portion of the directional injection steel pipe 10 exposed from the retaining wall 410 is cut off, and the filler 17 is filled into the directional injection steel pipe 10 (step s14, FIG. 10 ( c))), the wellhead of the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed, and the underpass construction method for constructing the underground crossing structure 300 is completed.

このように、上述の地盤改良工法及び、その地盤改良工法を用いたアンダーパス工法では、改良対象地盤400が粘性土や砂質土であっても、軌道200が変状することなく、改良対象地盤400を地盤強化して軌道防護することができる。したがって、軌道200の下方の地山401に地下横断構造物300を構築しても、地下横断構造物300を構築する際の改良対象地盤400が緩んで軌道200が変状することを防止できる。   Thus, in the above-described ground improvement method and the underpass method using the ground improvement method, even if the improvement target ground 400 is a viscous soil or sandy soil, the track 200 is not deformed, and the improvement target The ground 400 can be strengthened to protect the track. Therefore, even if the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed in the natural ground 401 below the track 200, it is possible to prevent the improvement target ground 400 when the underground crossing structure 300 is constructed and the track 200 from being deformed.

また、改良対象地盤400が砂質土であっても、注入部分11に指向性カバー14を設け、指向性注入用鋼管10の端部に注入範囲明示15を明示しているため、ステップs5で改良対象地盤400に指向性注入用鋼管10を挿入した後、所望の注入範囲に注入範囲Xを合わせるように指向性注入用鋼管10を回転調整することができ、図3に示すように、軌道200に対して、所望の方向に改良体40を形成することができる。   Further, even if the improvement target ground 400 is sandy soil, the directivity cover 14 is provided in the injection portion 11 and the injection range clarification 15 is clearly indicated at the end of the directional injection steel pipe 10, so in step s5. After inserting the directional injection steel pipe 10 into the ground 400 to be improved, the directional injection steel pipe 10 can be rotated and adjusted so that the injection range X matches the desired injection range. As shown in FIG. With respect to 200, the improved body 40 can be formed in a desired direction.

したがって、例えば、土被り少ない地盤改良箇所であっても、図3に示すように、注入範囲Xが下向きとなるように、注入範囲明示15を用いて指向性注入用鋼管10の方向を調整して、改良体40を下向きに形成し、改良用薬液が軌道200のある地表面に漏出したり、改良用薬液の注入の影響によって、軌道200が変状することを防止できる。   Therefore, for example, even in a ground improvement place with little earth covering, as shown in FIG. 3, the direction of the directional injection steel pipe 10 is adjusted using the injection range indication 15 so that the injection range X is downward. Thus, it is possible to prevent the improvement body 40 from being formed downward and to prevent the improvement chemical solution from leaking to the ground surface where the track 200 is located or from the deformation of the track 200 due to the injection of the improvement chemical solution.

なお、上述の説明では、注入範囲Xを上向き、或いは下向きに調整し、下向き改良体40aや上向き改良体40bを形成したが、例えば、地下横断構造物300の幅方向外側には、注入範囲Xを地下横断構造物300内側の側方に向きを調整し、横向き改良体を形成したり、軌道200の幅方向外側に挿入する指向性注入用鋼管10では横向きや斜め横向きの改良体を形成する等、軌道200や地下横断構造物300に対する各指向性注入用鋼管10の挿入位置に応じて改良体の向きを設定して改良対象地盤400を改良してもよい。   In the above description, the injection range X is adjusted upward or downward, and the downward improvement body 40a and the upward improvement body 40b are formed. Is adjusted to the side inside the underground crossing structure 300 to form a laterally improved body, or the directional injection steel pipe 10 to be inserted outside the width direction of the track 200 forms a laterally or obliquely laterally improved body. For example, the improvement target ground 400 may be improved by setting the direction of the improved body according to the insertion position of each directional injection steel pipe 10 with respect to the track 200 or the underground crossing structure 300.

このように、改良体40を形成する所望の方向に注入範囲Xを調整してから、例えば側方のように所望の方向に改良体40を形成することによって、無駄に改良範囲を広げることなく、軌道200や地下横断構造物300に対して改良対象地盤400を効率的に改良することができる。   Thus, after adjusting the injection range X in the desired direction for forming the improved body 40, for example, by forming the improved body 40 in the desired direction as in the lateral direction, the improved range is not unnecessarily widened. The improvement target ground 400 can be efficiently improved with respect to the track 200 and the underground crossing structure 300.

また、上述の説明では、改良体40が上向き、下向きの場合であっても、同じように、注入範囲Xの向きを調整して注入するだけであったが、図11(a)に示すように、上向き改良体40bを形成する場合、二段階で改良用薬液を注入して、所望の形状の上向き改良体40bを形成してもよい。   Further, in the above description, even when the improved body 40 is upward or downward, the injection is performed by adjusting the direction of the injection range X in the same manner, but as shown in FIG. Furthermore, when forming the upward improvement body 40b, you may form the upward improvement body 40b of a desired shape by inject | pouring the chemical | medical agent for improvement in two steps.

詳しくは、上述したように、緩結タイプの改良用薬液を低圧浸透注入すると、上向きに改良用薬液を注入しても、凝結する前に、改良用薬液の自重で下方に浸透し、上向き改良体40bを所望の形状で形成することが困難となる。   Specifically, as described above, when a slow-type improvement chemical solution is injected by low-pressure penetration, even if the improvement chemical solution is injected upward, it penetrates downward by its own weight before improving and improves upward It becomes difficult to form the body 40b in a desired shape.

そこで、図11(b)に示すように、一旦、注入範囲Xが下向きとなるように指向性注入用鋼管10の方向を調整し、瞬結型改良用薬液を注入して(図11(b)における矢印参照)、指向性注入用鋼管10の下半に下がり止め改良体40cを形成する。そして、注入範囲Xが上向きとなるように指向性注入用鋼管10を回転させ、緩結タイプの改良用薬液を上向きに注入する(図11(c)における矢印参照)。   Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the direction of the directional injection steel pipe 10 is once adjusted so that the injection range X is downward, and the instantaneous setting type improvement chemical is injected (FIG. 11 (b). ), And a lower stopper 40c is formed in the lower half of the directional injection steel pipe 10. Then, the directional injection steel pipe 10 is rotated so that the injection range X is upward, and a slow-fixing type improvement chemical is injected upward (see the arrow in FIG. 11C).

この場合、緩結タイプの改良用薬液を低圧浸透注入しても、指向性注入用鋼管10の下半に下がり止め改良体40cが形成されているため、緩結タイプの改良用薬液は下方に下がらず、下がり止め改良体40cの上で緩結タイプの改良用薬液が凝結するため、所望の形状の上向き改良体40bを形成することができる。   In this case, even if the slow-coupling type improvement chemical is injected by low-pressure infiltration, since the lowering improvement body 40c is formed in the lower half of the directional injection steel pipe 10, the slow-coupling improvement chemical is directed downward. Since the loosening-type improving chemical solution condenses on the lowering stopper improving body 40c without being lowered, the upward improving body 40b having a desired shape can be formed.

また、図示省略するが横向きの改良体であっても、指向性注入用鋼管10の下半に下がり止め改良体40cを形成することにより、下がり止め改良体40cの上で緩結タイプの改良用薬液が凝結するため、所望の形状である横向きの改良体を確実に形成することができる。   Although not shown in the drawings, even if it is a laterally improved body, by forming the lowering stopper improving body 40c in the lower half of the directional injection steel pipe 10, the lowering stopper improving body 40c is used to improve the looseness type. Since the chemical solution condenses, a laterally improved body having a desired shape can be reliably formed.

この発明の構成と、上述の実施例との対応において、この発明の既設構造物は、軌道200に対応し、
以下同様に、
改良材は、改良用薬液に対応し、
所定範囲は、注入範囲Xに対応し、
注入用鋼管は、指向性注入用鋼管10に対応し、
明示手段は、注入範囲明示15に対応し、
地下構造物は、地下横断構造物300に対応し、
瞬結改良材は、瞬結型改良用薬液に対応するも、
この発明は、上述の実施形態の構成のみに限定されるものではなく、多くの実施の形態を得ることができる。
In the correspondence between the configuration of the present invention and the above-described embodiment, the existing structure of the present invention corresponds to the track 200,
Similarly,
The improvement material corresponds to the chemical solution for improvement,
The predetermined range corresponds to the injection range X,
The steel pipe for injection corresponds to the steel pipe 10 for directional injection,
The clarification means corresponds to the injection range clarification 15,
The underground structure corresponds to the underground crossing structure 300,
Instantaneous improvement material is compatible with chemicals for instant improvement type,
The present invention is not limited only to the configuration of the above-described embodiment, and many embodiments can be obtained.

10…指向性注入用鋼管
12…注入孔
15…注入範囲明示
20…粘性土用鋼管
31…注入内管
50…誘導管
200…軌道
300…地下横断構造物
400…改良対象地盤
X…注入範囲
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Directional injection steel pipe 12 ... Injection hole 15 ... Injection range indication 20 ... Cohesive earth steel pipe 31 ... Injection inner pipe 50 ... Induction pipe 200 ... Track 300 ... Underground crossing structure 400 ... Improvement object ground X ... Injection range

Claims (7)

上部に既設構造物が構築されている地盤を改良する地盤改良工法であって、
改良対象地盤が粘性土の場合、
粘性土用鋼管を、前記改良対象地盤に所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入して地盤改良し、
改良対象地盤が砂質土の場合、
周方向における所定範囲に対して液状の改良材を注入可能な注入孔を備えるとともに、前記改良対象地盤に略水平方向に挿入する注入用鋼管の端部において、改良対象地盤に挿入した際に、前記改良対象地盤から露出する露出部分に、前記所定範囲を明示する明示手段を備え、
前記注入用鋼管を前記改良対象地盤に所定間隔を隔てて略水平方向に挿入するとともに、
前記注入孔が、所望の注入方向となるように、該明示手段によって、前記注入用鋼管の向きを調整し、
前記注入用鋼管内部から前記改良対象地盤に前記改良材を注入して地盤改良する
地盤改良工法。
A ground improvement method to improve the ground where the existing structure is built at the top,
If the ground to be improved is cohesive soil,
The clay soil steel pipe is inserted into the improvement target ground in a substantially horizontal direction at a predetermined interval to improve the ground,
If the ground to be improved is sandy soil,
While having an injection hole capable of injecting a liquid improvement material for a predetermined range in the circumferential direction, at the end of the steel pipe for injection inserted into the improvement target ground in a substantially horizontal direction, when inserted into the improvement target ground, In the exposed part exposed from the improvement target ground, comprising an explicit means for clearly indicating the predetermined range,
While inserting the steel pipe for injection into the ground to be improved in a substantially horizontal direction at a predetermined interval,
Adjusting the orientation of the steel pipe for injection by the explicit means so that the injection hole has a desired injection direction,
A ground improvement method in which the improvement material is injected into the improvement target ground from the inside of the steel pipe for injection to improve the ground.
前記粘性土用鋼管あるいは前記注入用鋼管である挿入鋼管の挿入の前に、
前記改良対象地盤における前記挿入鋼管の挿入箇所を、誘導管を略水平方向に削孔しながら挿入し、
貫通した該誘導管の先端に前記挿入鋼管を連結し、
該誘導管の引抜によって前記挿入鋼管を前記挿入箇所に挿入する
請求項1に記載の地盤改良工法。
Before insertion of the steel pipe for the clay soil or the steel pipe for injection,
Insert the insertion steel pipe in the improvement target ground, drilling the guide pipe in a substantially horizontal direction,
Connecting the insertion steel pipe to the leading end of the guide pipe penetrating;
The ground improvement construction method according to claim 1, wherein the insertion steel pipe is inserted into the insertion portion by pulling out the guide pipe.
前記注入孔を、前記注入用鋼管の長手方向において所定間隔を隔てて複数設け、
前記注入用鋼管に、注入内管を挿入し、前記注入孔ごとに前記改良材を注入する
請求項1または2に記載の地盤改良工法。
A plurality of the injection holes are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the steel pipe for injection,
The ground improvement construction method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein an injection inner pipe is inserted into the injection steel pipe, and the improvement material is injected into each injection hole.
前記注入内管及び前記注入孔を通過する改良材の管内抵抗を測定するとともに、
前記改良対象地盤内への改良材の注入流量と実注入圧力とを測定し、
前記管内抵抗及び前記実注入圧力に基づいて前記改良材の注入圧力を管理する
請求項1乃至3のうちいずれかに記載の地盤改良工法。
While measuring the in-pipe resistance of the improved material passing through the injection inner tube and the injection hole,
Measure the injection flow rate and the actual injection pressure of the improvement material into the improvement target ground,
The ground improvement construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an injection pressure of the improvement material is managed based on the in-pipe resistance and the actual injection pressure.
前記既設構造物に対する前記注入用鋼管の挿入位置に基づいて注入用鋼管ごとに改良範囲を定めるとともに、
前記改良材を、凝結速度の早い瞬結改良材と、凝結速度が遅く、低圧浸透型の低圧浸透型改良材とし、
前記瞬結改良材によって、前記改良範囲の下方を改良し、前記瞬結改良材の注入後、前記改良範囲に前記低圧浸透型改良材を低圧浸透させて改良する
請求項1乃至4のうちいずれかに記載の地盤改良工法。
Based on the insertion position of the steel pipe for injection with respect to the existing structure, the improvement range is determined for each steel pipe for injection,
The improvement material is an instantaneous improvement material with a fast setting speed, a low setting speed, a low pressure penetration type low pressure penetration type improvement material,
Any one of Claims 1 to 4 which improve the lower part of the said improvement range by the said instant setting improvement material, and inject | pour the said low pressure penetration type improvement material into the said improvement range by low pressure penetration after injection | pouring of the said instant improvement agent. ground improvement method according to any.
請求項1乃至のうちいずれか一項に記載の地盤改良工法によって地盤改良後、
改良済み地盤の下方に地下構造物を構築する
アンダーパス工法。
After the ground improvement by the ground improvement construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
Underpass construction method to build an underground structure below the improved ground.
前記地下構造物を構築後、改良対象地盤に挿入した鋼管内部を充填材で充填する
請求項に記載のアンダーパス工法。
The underpass construction method according to claim 6 , wherein after the construction of the underground structure, the steel pipe inserted into the ground to be improved is filled with a filler.
JP2010132369A 2010-06-09 2010-06-09 Ground improvement method and underpass method Active JP5542531B2 (en)

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