JP5524642B2 - Cutting method - Google Patents

Cutting method Download PDF

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JP5524642B2
JP5524642B2 JP2010017971A JP2010017971A JP5524642B2 JP 5524642 B2 JP5524642 B2 JP 5524642B2 JP 2010017971 A JP2010017971 A JP 2010017971A JP 2010017971 A JP2010017971 A JP 2010017971A JP 5524642 B2 JP5524642 B2 JP 5524642B2
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excavation
groove
holes
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JP2011157692A (en
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寛 児島
清二 赤間
雅弘 萩原
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多摩火薬機工株式会社
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本発明は、開削工法に関し、特に、上下水道管やガス管などの配管その他の地中埋設物を地中に敷設する場合に有用な開削工法に関する。   The present invention relates to an open-cut method, and more particularly, to an open-cut method useful in laying underground pipes such as water and sewage pipes and gas pipes and other underground objects.

上下水道管、ガス管等の配管や送電ケ−ブル、通信用光ファイバケ−ブルの保護管などを地中に埋設する場合、地表から地盤に溝を掘削し、溝に配管を敷設、接合、検査、防食工事等を施工した後、溝を埋め戻し材により埋戻すいわゆる開削工法が採用されることが多い。この開削工法では、まず、カッターで道路舗装面を四角に切断し、この舗装面を剥ぎ取る。次に、掘削する溝の側壁の崩壊を防止するため、鋼製の矢板を溝の側面に沿って打設し、腹起しと切り梁などを所定の間隔に配置する。このようにして、この矢板内を機械で所定の深さまで掘削する。そして、掘削された溝に埋設する管を搬入し、一連の配管作業を行ってから、溝を埋戻し土によって埋め戻す。なお、この埋戻しとともに、切り梁、腹起し、矢板などを機械により順次撤去する。この種の開削工法は特許文献1などに記載されている。   When burying pipes such as water and sewage pipes, gas pipes, protective cables for power transmission cables, optical fiber cables for communication, etc. in the ground, excavating grooves from the ground to the ground, laying pipes in the grooves, joining them, In many cases, a so-called open-cut method is used in which a groove is backfilled with a backfilling material after inspection, anticorrosion work, etc. are performed. In this excavation method, first, a road pavement surface is cut into a square with a cutter, and the pavement surface is peeled off. Next, in order to prevent the side wall of the groove to be excavated from collapsing, a steel sheet pile is driven along the side surface of the groove, and an abdomen and a cut beam are arranged at a predetermined interval. In this way, the inside of the sheet pile is excavated to a predetermined depth with a machine. And after carrying in the pipe | tube buried in the excavated groove | channel and performing a series of piping work, the groove | channel is backfilled with backfill soil. In addition, along with this backfilling, the cut beams, upsets, sheet piles, etc. are sequentially removed by a machine. This type of cutting method is described in Patent Document 1 and the like.

特許平8−199573号公報(段落0002、0003)Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-199573 (paragraphs 0002 and 0003)

しかしながら、上記従来の開削工法では、硬い地盤を掘削する場合に、比較的軟弱な地盤を掘削するのに比べて、溝の掘削に多くの時間を要し、工期が大幅に長くなり、また、工期が長くなる分だけコストが増大する、という問題がある。   However, in the conventional open-cut method, when excavating hard ground, compared to excavating relatively soft ground, it takes a lot of time to excavate the groove, the construction period is significantly longer, There is a problem that the cost increases as the construction period becomes longer.

本発明は、このような従来の問題を解決するものであり、この種の開削工法において、硬い地盤を掘削する場合でも、従来の開削方法に比べて、溝の掘削に必要な時間を大幅に削減して、工期を短縮し、コストの削減を図ること、を目的とする。   The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and in this type of excavation method, even when excavating hard ground, the time required for excavation of the groove is greatly increased compared to the conventional excavation method. The purpose is to shorten the construction period and reduce the cost.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、地表から地盤に溝を掘削し、前記溝に地中埋設物を敷設した後、前記溝を埋戻す開削工法において、前記溝の掘削に先立ち、地表の掘削施工面の縁部をカッターで切断して、これを掘削ラインとし、前記掘削施工面の前記掘削ライン付近を除く概ね掘削施工面全体に亘って、ドリルにより、前記地表から前記地盤にかけて割岩機用の複数の空孔を施工し、前記掘削施工面の前記掘削ラインの内側で当該掘削ラインに沿って、ドリルにより、前記地表から前記地盤にかけて掘削ライン用の複数の空孔を施工する、ことを要旨とする。
この場合、掘削ライン用の孔の径を割岩機用の孔の径よりも小さくし、複数の掘削ライン用の孔を相互に近接する短い間隔で穿設することが好ましい。
また、この場合、複数の空孔の施工後溝の掘削を開始するまでは各空孔を埋戻し材により埋め戻しておき、溝の掘削を開始するとき又は開始した後前記各空孔から前記埋戻し材を除去することが好ましい。
To achieve the above object, the present invention is to excavate the ditch in the ground from the surface, after laying underground buried object in the groove, in the open-cut method to return embedding the groove, prior to drilling of the grooves, surface The edge of the excavation surface is cut with a cutter, and this is used as an excavation line. The drilling is performed from the ground surface to the ground by a drill over the entire excavation surface except for the vicinity of the excavation line of the excavation surface. Constructing a plurality of holes for the machine, along the excavation line inside the excavation line of the excavation construction surface, to construct a plurality of holes for the excavation line from the ground surface to the ground by a drill , This is the gist.
In this case, smaller than the diameter of the pores for the diameter of the holes for drilling line Wariiwa machine, it is preferable to drilling at short intervals adjacent pores for a plurality of drilling line with each other.
Further , in this case, each hole is backfilled with a backfill material until the excavation of the groove is started after the construction of the plurality of holes, and when starting or after starting the excavation of the groove, It is preferable to remove the backfill material.

本発明の開削工法によれば、地盤に溝を掘削するのに先立ち、溝を掘削する地盤に複数の空孔を施工するので、これが地盤の予備破壊となり、溝の掘削を機械施工のみで迅速に行うことができ、従来の開削方法に比べて、溝の掘削に必要な時間を大幅に削減して、工期を短縮することができ、また、工期を短縮する分だけコストを削減することができる。
また、複数の空孔を割岩機用の孔にして概ね掘削施工面全体に亘って穿つので、硬い岩盤でも、割岩機による割岩作業を効率よく行え、破砕、掘削作業を迅速に行うことができる。そして、複数の空孔を掘削ライン用として掘削施工面の掘削縁部の内側に当該縁部に沿って穿つことで、地盤の所定の範囲に所定の大きさ、形状の溝を迅速かつ確実に掘削することができる。これらの点でも、工期の短縮、コストの削減に寄与することができる。
さらに、複数の空孔の施工後溝の掘削を開始するまでは各空孔を埋戻し材により埋め戻しておくことにより、道路の交通に差支えがなく、従来のような路面覆工(本覆工、仮覆工など仮設設備の設置)を必要としないので、この路面覆工に要する期間分だけ、全体の工期を短縮することができ、この路面覆工に必要なコストの分だけ、全体のコストを引き下げることができる。
According to the excavation method of the present invention, a plurality of holes are made in the ground for excavating the groove prior to excavating the groove in the ground. Compared with the conventional excavation method, the time required for excavation of the groove can be greatly reduced, the construction period can be shortened, and the cost can be reduced by the shortening of the construction period. it can.
In addition, since multiple holes are drilled over the entire surface of the excavation work as holes for the split rocker, even with hard rock, the split rock can be efficiently performed by the split rocker, and crushing and excavation can be performed quickly. . And, by drilling a plurality of holes for excavation line along the edge of the excavation edge of the excavation work surface, a groove having a predetermined size and shape can be quickly and reliably formed in a predetermined range of the ground. Can be excavated. These points can also contribute to shortening the construction period and reducing costs.
In addition, after constructing a plurality of holes, it is possible to backfill each hole with a backfill material until the start of excavation of the groove, so that there is no problem in traffic on the road, and conventional road surface lining (main cover) Installation of temporary equipment such as construction and temporary lining) is not required, so the entire construction period can be shortened by the amount of time required for this road surface lining, and only the cost required for this road surface lining. The cost can be reduced.

本発明の一実施の形態における開削工法の流れを示す図The figure which shows the flow of the cutting method in one embodiment of this invention 同工法のプレボーリング作業による空孔の施工状態を示す概略平面図Schematic plan view showing the construction status of holes by pre-boring work of the same method 同工法のプレボーリング作業による空孔の施工状態を示す概略垂直断面図Schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the state of hole construction by pre-boring work 同工法の掘削作業による施工状態を示す概略平面図Schematic plan view showing the construction status of excavation work by this method 同工法の割岩作業による施工状態を示す概略平面図Schematic plan view showing the construction status of the construction method by the split rock work 同工法の埋戻し作業による施工状態を示す概略平面図Schematic plan view showing the construction status by backfilling work of the method

次に、この発明を実施するための形態について図を用いて説明する。この実施の形態では、水道管の新設工事について例示して、この発明に係る開削工法を説明する。
図1にこの工事に係る開削工法の流れを示している。図1に示すように、この開削工法は、道路カッター施工(ステップ1)、プレボーリング作業(ステップ2)、掘削及び山留め作業(ステップ3)、割岩作業(ステップ4)、仕上げ掘削作業(ステップ5)、水道管配管作業(ステップ6)、埋戻し作業(ステップ7)からなる。
Next, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, an example of the construction of a new water pipe will be described, and the open-cut method according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows the flow of the excavation method related to this construction. As shown in FIG. 1, this excavation method includes road cutter construction (step 1), pre-boring work (step 2), excavation and mountain retaining work (step 3), split rock work (step 4), and finishing excavation work (step 5). ), Water pipe piping work (step 6), and backfilling work (step 7).

まず、ステップ1の道路カッター施工では、カッターで道路のアスファルト舗装面をこの道路の掘削施工面の縁部(以下、掘削ラインという。)に沿って、この場合、四角に切断する。   First, in the road cutter construction in Step 1, the asphalt pavement surface of the road is cut into a square along the edge of the road excavation construction surface (hereinafter referred to as excavation line) with the cutter.

次のステップ2のプレボーリング作業は溝の掘削作業に先立って行うもので、この作業では、油圧式のクローラドリルにより、溝を掘削する地盤に地表から岩盤にかけて複数の空孔を施工する。
図2、図3にこの空孔の施工状態を示している。図2及び図3に示すように、この穿孔作業では、複数の空孔10を割岩機用の孔101にして地表の掘削施工面1両側の掘削ライン2、2付近を除き、概ね掘削施工面1全体に亘って穿ち、また、複数の空孔10を掘削ライン用の孔102として掘削施工面1両側の各掘削ライン2、2の内側で各掘削ライン2、2に沿って穿つ。この場合、複数の割岩機用の孔101は掘削施工面1に複列(ここでは幅方向に2列対称)にそれぞれ所定の間隔で穿設し、複数の掘削ライン用の孔102は孔102の径を割岩機用の孔101の径よりも小さくして、掘削施工面1の各掘削ライン2、2に沿って1列にそれぞれ各孔102が相互に近接する短い間隔で穿設している。
そして、この空孔10の施工後溝の掘削を開始するまでは、各空孔10を繰り粉などの埋戻し材を詰めて埋め戻し、各空孔10を復旧しておく。なお、これら空孔10の埋戻し材は溝の掘削を開始するとき又は開始した後に除去することになる。
The next pre-boring operation in step 2 is performed prior to the excavation work of the groove. In this operation, a plurality of holes are constructed from the ground to the rock in the ground for excavating the groove by a hydraulic crawler drill.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the construction state of the holes. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in this drilling operation, a plurality of holes 10 are made into holes 101 for a rock rock machine, and the excavation work surface is generally except for the vicinity of the excavation lines 2 and 2 on both sides of the excavation work surface 1 on the surface. A plurality of holes 10 are drilled along the excavation lines 2 and 2 inside the excavation lines 2 and 2 on both sides of the excavation work surface 1 as holes 102 for excavation lines. In this case, the holes 101 for the plurality of rock drills are drilled in the excavation work surface 1 in double rows (here, two rows symmetrical in the width direction) at predetermined intervals, and the holes 102 for the plurality of excavation lines are holes 102. The diameter of each of the holes 102 is made smaller than the diameter of the hole 101 for the split rocker, and the holes 102 are drilled at short intervals close to each other in a row along the drilling lines 2 and 2 of the excavation work surface 1. Yes.
Then, until the excavation of the groove after the construction of the holes 10 is started, the holes 10 are backfilled with a backfilling material such as flour, and the holes 10 are restored. It should be noted that the backfill material of these holes 10 is removed when or after the start of the trench excavation.

続いて、ステップ3の掘削及び山留め作業に移行する。図4にこの施工状態を示している。図4に示すように、この掘削作業では、バックフォーにより、まず、アスファルト舗装面3を剥ぎ取り、続いて、1次掘削としてアスファルト舗装面3下の土砂などを掘削する。
そして、この1次掘削後に、山留めを地表から略垂直に造成する。すなわち、鋼製の矢板を溝の側面に沿って打設し、腹起しと切り梁などを所定の間隔に配置する。このようにして、この矢板内をバックフォーで所定の深さまで、この場合、岩盤面まで掘削する。
Subsequently, the process proceeds to excavation and mountain retaining work in step 3. FIG. 4 shows this construction state. As shown in FIG. 4, in this excavation operation, the asphalt pavement surface 3 is first peeled off by back-forcing, and then the soil and the like under the asphalt pavement surface 3 are excavated as primary excavation.
Then, after this primary excavation, the mountain retaining is constructed substantially vertically from the ground surface. That is, a steel sheet pile is driven along the side surface of the groove, and the abdomen and the cut beam are arranged at a predetermined interval. In this way, the inside of this sheet pile is excavated to a predetermined depth with a back fore, in this case to the rock surface.

次いで、ステップ4の割岩作業に移行する。図5にこの施工状態を示している。図5に示すように、この割岩作業では、まず、地盤に穿設した孔10、特に割岩機用の孔101から埋戻し材(繰り粉)を除去し、ビッカー(割岩機)により、岩盤4を割岩破砕する。この場合、岩盤4にはステップ2において既に割岩機用の孔101を穿孔してあるので、ビッカーを即時孔101に挿入することができ、岩盤4を即時に割岩することができる。   Next, the process shifts to the step 4 of rock formation. FIG. 5 shows this construction state. As shown in FIG. 5, in this split rock work, first, the backfill material (pulverized powder) is removed from the hole 10 drilled in the ground, in particular, the hole 101 for the split rock machine, and the bedrock 4 Crushing the rock. In this case, since the rock mass 4 has already been drilled with the hole 101 for the split rocker in step 2, the vicker can be inserted into the immediate hole 101, and the rock mass 4 can be immediately divided.

次いで、ステップ5の仕上げ掘削作業に移行する。この仕上げ掘削作業では、ブレーカー(削岩機)により、岩盤をさらに破砕して、仕上げ掘削する。   Next, the process proceeds to the finishing excavation work in step 5. In this final excavation work, the rock mass is further crushed by a breaker (rock drill), and final excavation is performed.

次いで、ステップ6の水道管配管作業に移行する。この水道管配管作業では、地盤に掘削された溝に埋設する水道管を搬入し、搬入した水道管の位置決め、取付け、接合、検査、塗覆装などの一連の配管作業を行う。   Next, the process proceeds to the water pipe piping operation in step 6. In this water pipe piping work, a water pipe buried in a groove excavated in the ground is carried in, and a series of piping work such as positioning, mounting, joining, inspection and coating of the carried water pipe is performed.

そして、ステップ7の埋戻し作業に移行する。図6にこの施工状態を示している。図6に示すように、この埋戻し作業では、溝を埋戻し材5、この場合、掘削ずりを用いて埋め戻す。この場合、まず、矢板内に山砂を戻し、胴込めを行い、続いて砕石を路盤材として埋め戻す。その際、埋戻し材5をある程度の高さまで埋め戻した状態で、切り梁、腹起し、矢板などを機械により順次撤去し、残りの埋戻しを行う。最後に、アスファルト舗装を行い、道路を復旧する。   Then, the process proceeds to the backfilling operation in Step 7. FIG. 6 shows this construction state. As shown in FIG. 6, in this backfilling operation, the groove is backfilled using the backfilling material 5, in this case, excavation shear. In this case, first, pile sand is returned into the sheet pile, and then the crushed stone is backfilled as roadbed material. At that time, in a state where the backfilling material 5 is backfilled to a certain height, the cut beams, upsets, sheet piles, and the like are sequentially removed by a machine, and the rest is backfilled. Finally, asphalt pavement is performed to restore the road.

この開削工法は、上記のような施工手順からなり、(1)施工性(2)工期(3)安全性(4)埋設管の保全性(5)環境(6)経済性で、次のような利点を有する。
(1)施工性
開削による施工であり、確実に施工できる。また、掘削施工面上に空孔を施工することにより、掘削底盤隅部の施工性が向上する。
(2)工期
本覆工、仮覆工の仮設設備が必要なく、岩掘削日数を短縮できるので、工期は短い。
(3)安全性
空孔を穿孔した上での施工であり、機械施工で掘削ができるため、人力ブレーカーの作業を削除でき、安全性は高い。予備破壊をしてからの掘削作業であるため、大きな振動が発生しにくく、同一箇所での作業時間が短い。掘削終了箇所を掘削ずりを使い埋め戻すため、地山崩落の危険性が少ない。
(4)埋設管の保全性
掘削幅が拡大することがないため、保全性は高い。
(5)環境
穿孔、クサビ壊し、亀裂発生後のブレーカー作業となり、大きな音が長時間発生することがない。岩掘削作業が短時間で完了する。
(6)経済性
ほとんど機械で施工するため、施工費は低く押えることができる。
This open-cut method consists of the construction procedures as described above. (1) Workability (2) Construction period (3) Safety (4) Maintenance of buried pipes (5) Environment (6) Economic efficiency Have the advantages.
(1) Workability It is construction by excavation and can be done reliably. In addition, by constructing holes on the excavation work surface, the workability of the corners of the excavation bottom is improved.
(2) Construction period Temporary equipment for the main lining and temporary lining work is not required, and the number of days for rock excavation can be shortened. Therefore, the construction period is short.
(3) Safety It is construction after drilling holes, and since it can be excavated by machine construction, the work of human-powered breakers can be eliminated and safety is high. Since it is excavation work after preliminary destruction, it is difficult for large vibrations to occur and the work time at the same location is short. Since the excavation end is backfilled with excavation shear, there is little risk of collapse.
(4) Conservation of buried pipes Conservation is high because the excavation width does not expand.
(5) Environment Breaker work after drilling, wedge breakage, and crack generation, and no loud noise is generated for a long time. Rock excavation work is completed in a short time.
(6) Economical The construction cost can be kept low because the construction is almost done by machine.

以上説明したように、この開削工法では、特に、地盤に溝を掘削するのに先立ち、溝を掘削する地盤に地表から岩盤にかけて複数の空孔を施工するので、これが地盤の予備破壊となり、溝の掘削を機械施工のみで迅速に行うことができ、従来の開削方法に比べて、溝の掘削に必要な時間を大幅に削減して、工期を短縮することができ、また、工期を短縮する分だけコストを削減することができる。
また、複数の空孔を割岩機用の孔にして概ね掘削施工面全体に亘って穿つので、硬い岩盤でも、割岩機による割岩作業を効率よく行え、破砕、掘削作業を確実かつ迅速に行うことができる。そして、複数の空孔を掘削ライン用として掘削施工面の掘削縁部の内側に当該縁部に沿って穿つことで、地盤の所定の範囲に所定の大きさ、形状の溝を迅速かつ確実に掘削することができる。これらの点でも、工期の短縮、コストの削減に寄与することができる。
さらに、複数の空孔の施工後溝の掘削を開始するまでは各空孔を埋戻し材により埋め戻しておくことにより、道路の交通に差支えがなく、従来のような路面覆工(本覆工、仮覆工など仮設設備の設置)を必要としないので、この路面覆工に要する期間分だけ、全体の工期を短縮することができ、この路面覆工に必要なコストの分だけ、全体のコストを引き下げることができる。
As explained above, in this excavation method, in particular, prior to excavating the groove in the ground, a plurality of holes are constructed in the ground from which the groove is excavated from the surface to the rock, so this is a preliminary fracture of the ground, Excavation can be performed quickly only by machine construction, and compared with the conventional excavation method, the time required for excavation of the groove can be greatly reduced, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction period can be shortened. The cost can be reduced by that amount.
Also, since multiple holes are drilled over the entire surface of the excavation work as holes for the split rock machine, even with hard rock mass, the split rock work can be efficiently performed by the split rock machine, and the crushing and excavation work should be performed reliably and quickly. Can do. And, by drilling a plurality of holes for excavation line along the edge of the excavation edge of the excavation work surface, a groove having a predetermined size and shape can be quickly and reliably formed in a predetermined range of the ground. Can be excavated. These points can also contribute to shortening the construction period and reducing costs.
In addition, after constructing a plurality of holes, it is possible to backfill each hole with a backfill material until the start of excavation of the groove, so that there is no problem in traffic on the road, and conventional road surface lining (main cover) Installation of temporary equipment such as construction and temporary lining) is not required, so the entire construction period can be shortened by the amount of time required for this road surface lining, and only the cost required for this road surface lining. The cost can be reduced.

なお、この実施の形態では、水道管の新設工事について例示したが、この開削工法は、上下水道管、ガス管等の配管や送電ケ−ブル、通信用光ファイバケ−ブルの保護管などを地中に埋設する各種の工事に適用することができ、上記と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。   In this embodiment, the construction of a new water pipe has been illustrated. However, this excavation method can be used to install water pipes such as water and sewage pipes, gas pipes, power transmission cables, and protective pipes for communication optical fiber cables. It can be applied to various constructions embedded therein, and the same effects as described above can be obtained.

1 地表の掘削施工面
2 掘削ライン
3 アスファルト舗装面
4 岩盤
5 埋戻し材
10 孔
101 割岩機用の孔
102 掘削ライン用の孔
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surface excavation construction surface 2 Drilling line 3 Asphalt pavement surface 4 Bedrock 5 Backfill material 10 Hole 101 Hole for split rock machine 102 Hole for drilling line

Claims (3)

地表から地盤に溝を掘削し、前記溝に地中埋設物を敷設した後、前記溝を埋戻す開削工法において、
前記溝の掘削に先立ち、地表の掘削施工面の縁部をカッターで切断して、これを掘削ラインとし、前記掘削施工面の前記掘削ライン付近を除く概ね掘削施工面全体に亘って、ドリルにより、前記地表から前記地盤にかけて割岩機用の複数の空孔を施工し、前記掘削施工面の前記掘削ラインの内側で当該掘削ラインに沿って、ドリルにより、前記地表から前記地盤にかけて掘削ライン用の複数の空孔を施工する、
ことを特徴とする開削工法。
In the excavation method of excavating a groove from the ground surface to the ground, laying underground objects in the groove, and then refilling the groove,
Prior to the excavation of the groove, the edge of the excavation work surface on the surface is cut with a cutter, this is used as the excavation line, and the entire excavation work surface except the vicinity of the excavation line is drilled. , Constructing a plurality of holes for the split rocker from the ground surface to the ground, along the excavation line inside the excavation line of the excavation construction surface, by a drill, for the excavation line from the ground surface to the ground Construct multiple holes,
An open-cut method characterized by this.
掘削ライン用の空孔の径を割岩機用の空孔の径よりも小さくし、複数の掘削ライン用の空孔を相互に近接する短い間隔で穿設する請求項1に記載の開削工法。 The excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole for the excavation line is made smaller than the diameter of the hole for the split rocker, and a plurality of holes for the excavation line are formed at short intervals close to each other . 複数の空孔の施工後溝の掘削を開始するまでは各空孔を埋戻し材により埋め戻しておき、溝の掘削を開始するとき又は開始した後前記各空孔から前記埋戻し材を除去する請求項1又は2に記載の開削工法。 After constructing a plurality of holes, each hole is backfilled with a backfill material until the start of excavation of the groove, and when the excavation of the groove starts or after the start, the backfill material is removed from each hole. The cutting method according to claim 1 or 2.
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