JP5517107B2 - Amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp and its lamp lighting power supply - Google Patents
Amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp and its lamp lighting power supply Download PDFInfo
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 75
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223935 Cryptosporidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、主として流水殺菌等に用いられる低圧水銀ランプ及びそのランプ点灯電源装置に関する。特に上・下水道で使用される殺菌用低圧水銀ランプに関する。 The present invention relates to a low-pressure mercury lamp mainly used for running water sterilization and the like, and a lamp lighting power supply device thereof. In particular, it relates to a low-pressure mercury lamp for sterilization used in water supply and sewerage.
最近、上・下水道や飲料製品、食品加工水および洗浄水の殺菌として紫外線を照射する方法が採用され、特に上水道では塩素の軽減、クリプトスポリジウムの除去を目的として紫外線照射が広く利用されるようになってきている。この紫外線照射用の代表的な光源として、低圧水銀ランプが知られている。紫外線照射用の低圧水銀ランプは通常、紫外線透過率に優れた石英ガラスを発光管に用い、その両端にタングステンからなるフィラメントが陰極として装備された一対の電極を設置するとともに、この石英封体ガラス発光管内にアルゴン等の希ガスと水銀を封入した構成となっている。発光管材質を除くその他の点において点灯原理も含め一般の照明用蛍光ランプと同様である。 Recently, a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays has been adopted as a sterilization method for water and sewerage, beverage products, food processing water and washing water. In particular, ultraviolet irradiation is widely used in waterworks for the purpose of reducing chlorine and removing cryptosporidium. It has become to. As a typical light source for ultraviolet irradiation, a low-pressure mercury lamp is known. Low-pressure mercury lamps for ultraviolet irradiation usually use quartz glass with excellent ultraviolet transmittance for the arc tube, and a pair of electrodes equipped with tungsten filaments as cathodes at both ends, and this quartz sealed glass The arc tube has a configuration in which a rare gas such as argon and mercury are enclosed. Other than the arc tube material, it is the same as a general fluorescent lamp for illumination including the lighting principle.
次にこのような低圧水銀ランプの点灯原理・動作について説明する。第一段階として、安定器と呼ばれる専用の点灯電源装置により発光管の両端に設置されたフィラメントに予熱電圧を印加し、フィラメントを抵抗として赤熱させる。このとき、フィラメントに塗布されたＢａＯ、ＳｒＯ、ＣａＯの三元酸化物からなる電子放射性物質（以下エミッタ）が７５０℃以上となることで上記エミッタから熱電子が放出される。 Next, the principle and operation of such a low-pressure mercury lamp will be described. As a first step, a preheating voltage is applied to the filaments installed at both ends of the arc tube by a dedicated lighting power supply device called a ballast, and the filament is red hot as a resistance. At this time, the electron emitting substance (hereinafter referred to as an emitter) made of a ternary oxide of BaO, SrO, and CaO applied to the filament reaches 750 ° C. or more, so that thermoelectrons are emitted from the emitter.
第二段階として、両極間に交流の電界を印加することにより、放出された熱電子が加速され、封入されている希ガスと少量の水銀蒸気との間で弾性衝突が起こり、水銀原子が電離され、発光管内のプラズマ状態がなだれ式に増幅され放電が開始される。この現象をペニング効果という。また加速された熱電子の運動エネルギーが水銀原子に衝突し、水銀原子は基底状態から励起状態に遷移し、水銀の共鳴線である有効な２５４ｎｍや１８５ｎｍなどの波長の紫外線が発光管の管壁を透過し、ランプ外部に放射され、最終的に水銀原子は再び元の基底状態に戻る。特に２００ｎｍから２８０ｎｍの波長域の紫外光は、その照射により大腸菌などのＤＮＡに対し複製機能の消失させる作用があり、結果として殺菌作用をもたらす。水銀の共鳴線の２５４ｎｍはまさにこの殺菌作用がある波長域の中心にあることから殺菌線と呼ばれ広く知られている波長である。 As a second step, by applying an alternating electric field between the two electrodes, the emitted thermoelectrons are accelerated, and an elastic collision occurs between the enclosed rare gas and a small amount of mercury vapor, and the mercury atoms are ionized. Then, the plasma state in the arc tube is amplified in an avalanche manner, and discharge is started. This phenomenon is called the Penning effect. In addition, the kinetic energy of the accelerated thermoelectrons collides with the mercury atom, the mercury atom transitions from the ground state to the excited state, and ultraviolet rays having effective wavelengths such as 254 nm and 185 nm which are mercury resonance lines are the wall of the arc tube. And is emitted to the outside of the lamp, and finally the mercury atoms return to the original ground state again. In particular, ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 280 nm has the effect of erasing the replication function for DNA such as Escherichia coli by irradiation, resulting in bactericidal action. The mercury resonance line, 254 nm, is at the center of the wavelength region where this bactericidal action exists, and is therefore a well-known wavelength called a bactericidal line.
一般の低圧水銀ランプが発光する２５４ｎｍ波長の光は水銀蒸気圧に大きく影響され、約０．８Ｐａのときにピーク出力となり、最高の発光効率が得られる。このとき発光管の最冷部に位置した水銀の温度が約４０℃となる。一般の照明用蛍光ランプは気温が２５℃のときに発光管の最冷部温度が４０℃になるように設計される。また、フラットパネルや半導体の製造工程で使用されるオゾン洗浄ランプは、紫外線の高出力化のためランプ電流を上げて高ワット化されたランプが開発されている。具体的には、ランプ電流４Ａ以上でフラットパネルのサイズにランプの発光長を合わせた結果、発光長が２ｍ近くまで長くなり、ランプ電力が２ｋＷを超えるものも開発されている。この様な負荷の高いランプは、発光管内の温度が４０℃以上に高くなってしまうため、ランプ発光管の一部を水冷された金属に接触させて強制的に冷却し、最冷部の温度を４０℃になるようにコントロールされている。 The light of 254 nm wavelength emitted from a general low-pressure mercury lamp is greatly influenced by the mercury vapor pressure, has a peak output at about 0.8 Pa, and the highest luminous efficiency is obtained. At this time, the temperature of mercury located at the coldest part of the arc tube is about 40 ° C. A general lighting fluorescent lamp is designed so that the coldest temperature of the arc tube is 40 ° C. when the temperature is 25 ° C. In addition, ozone cleaning lamps used in flat panel and semiconductor manufacturing processes have been developed to increase lamp current and increase wattage in order to increase the output of ultraviolet rays. Specifically, as a result of combining the lamp emission length with the flat panel size at a lamp current of 4 A or more, the emission length is increased to nearly 2 m, and lamp power exceeding 2 kW has been developed. In such a high-load lamp, the temperature inside the arc tube becomes higher than 40 ° C. Therefore, a part of the lamp arc tube is forcedly cooled by contacting with water-cooled metal, and the temperature of the coldest part Is controlled to 40 ° C.
上述の流水殺菌装置の構成は通常、ランプがジャケットまたはアウタースリーブとよばれる紫外線透過性石英管の中に設置され、その外側に被処理水を流すことでランプからの紫外線を受け殺菌等の作用がなされる。従って、上記石英管内に設置されたランプはその石英管の外側を流れる水の温度によって影響され、これに伴いランプ内の水銀蒸気圧が変動し、紫外線の照射出力が決定されてしまう。上水や下水に流れる水の温度の変動範囲は特に地域や季節変動により大きく異なる。一般の上水の対象水温の場合、この温度範囲は１０〜３０℃となっている。このため、従来の低圧水銀ランプでは、この温度範囲での水温変化によって２５４ｎｍ出力がピークに対して６０〜８０％となり、大きく変動する欠点があった。 The configuration of the above-mentioned running water sterilizer is usually a lamp installed in an ultraviolet transmissive quartz tube called a jacket or an outer sleeve, and receives the ultraviolet rays from the lamp by flowing the water to be treated on the outside, thereby effecting sterilization and the like. Is made. Therefore, the lamp installed in the quartz tube is affected by the temperature of the water flowing outside the quartz tube, and the mercury vapor pressure in the lamp fluctuates accordingly, and the ultraviolet irradiation output is determined. The fluctuation range of the temperature of water flowing into clean water and sewage varies greatly depending on the region and seasonal variation. In the case of the target water temperature of general tap water, this temperature range is 10 to 30 ° C. For this reason, the conventional low-pressure mercury lamp has a drawback that the output of 254 nm is 60 to 80% of the peak due to a change in the water temperature in this temperature range, which greatly fluctuates.
そこで従来から、水銀単体では水銀蒸気圧が外部の温度に依存して大きく変動してしまうため、水銀をその他の金属との合金（アマルガム）として添加することにより、水銀蒸気圧の変動を小さく抑えたアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプの開発が行われてきた。この種の低圧水銀ランプの点灯姿勢としては、通常、水平姿勢が採用される。この場合のアマルガムは水銀とビスマス、インジウム、錫、鉛など少なくとも一つ以上の金属とから構成され，ランプ発光管内の最冷部で且つランプ点灯中に適正な温度の位置に固定されることで水銀蒸気圧を一定にコントロールすることができる（特許文献１参照）。上水殺菌の分野では、高出力で、外部水温が１０〜３０℃の範囲で紫外線出力が一定であるランプが求められるため、このアマルガムが添加された低圧水銀ランプ、つまりアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプが今後主流となってくると考えられる。 Therefore, since mercury vapor pressure fluctuates greatly depending on the external temperature from the standpoint of mercury, adding mercury as an alloy (amalgam) with other metals keeps fluctuations in mercury vapor pressure small. Amalgam-type low-pressure mercury lamps have been developed. As the lighting posture of this type of low-pressure mercury lamp, a horizontal posture is usually adopted. The amalgam in this case is composed of mercury and at least one metal such as bismuth, indium, tin, lead, etc., and is fixed at an appropriate temperature position in the coldest part of the lamp arc tube and during lamp operation. Mercury vapor pressure can be controlled to be constant (see Patent Document 1). In the field of water sterilization, a lamp having a high output and a constant ultraviolet output in the range of the external water temperature of 10 to 30 ° C. is required. Therefore, a low pressure mercury lamp to which this amalgam is added, that is, an amalgam type low pressure mercury lamp is used. It will be mainstream in the future.
しかしながら、アマルガム型低圧水銀ランプは、上述のように水銀の合金化により水銀単体よりも水銀蒸気圧が低くなる性質から、点灯中の高温時に水銀蒸気圧を抑え、一定にする利点がある反面、周囲温度が低い時にランプを始動させる場合、ランプ内のアマルガムの温度も同様に低くなり、特に１０℃以下となる場合、水銀蒸気圧が著しく低下してしまうことから、ランプ始動時の上述のペニング効果が得られにくくなり始動しづらくなる問題があった。 However, the amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp has the advantage that the mercury vapor pressure is lower than that of mercury alone due to the alloying of mercury as described above. When the lamp is started when the ambient temperature is low, the temperature of the amalgam in the lamp is similarly lowered, and particularly when the temperature is 10 ° C. or lower, the mercury vapor pressure is remarkably lowered. There was a problem that it was difficult to obtain the effect and it was difficult to start.
また、上記アマルガムは水銀とビスマス、インジウム、錫、鉛など少なくとも一つ以上の金属とで構成され、粒体形状を有しており、ランプの製造工程中に発光管内に添加し固定される。粒体のアマルガムは水銀の重量比が１０％を超えると粘度が増し、粒体形状に成形することが困難となることから、水銀重量比は１０％以下とするのが一般的となっている。そこで、粒形状のアマルガムを添加するランプの場合、アマルガムの水銀重量比が１０％以下となるため低温下で水銀蒸気圧が著しく低下することによる始動性能の低下が懸念されていた。 The amalgam is composed of mercury and at least one metal such as bismuth, indium, tin, lead, etc., has a granular shape, and is added and fixed in the arc tube during the lamp manufacturing process. Granular amalgam has a viscosity that increases when the mercury weight ratio exceeds 10%, making it difficult to form a granular shape. Therefore, the mercury weight ratio is generally 10% or less. . Therefore, in the case of a lamp to which a grain-shaped amalgam is added, the mercury weight ratio of the amalgam is 10% or less, and there has been a concern about a decrease in starting performance due to a significant decrease in mercury vapor pressure at low temperatures.
本発明は上記課題を解決し、外側を水が流れる紫外線透過性石英管の内側の底部に該石英管に沿って水平姿勢で装着して点灯され低温環境において始動性能が低下しないアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプ及び同ランプの点灯電源装置の提供を目的とする。
本発明者は、適正な始動性能を確保するには、特許文献１に記載の技術のように、アマルガムを発光管内の最冷部に配置することよりも、アマルガム中の水銀重量比を規定し、且つフィラメントとアマルガムとの距離が適正範囲内にある位置に配置することが重要であることに着眼し、本発明を創出するに至った。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is amalgam-type low-pressure mercury that is lighted by being mounted in a horizontal position along the quartz tube at the bottom inside the ultraviolet ray-transmissive quartz tube through which water flows outside, and that does not deteriorate the starting performance in a low-temperature environment. An object is to provide a lamp and a lighting power supply device for the lamp.
In order to ensure proper starting performance, the present inventor specifies the mercury weight ratio in the amalgam rather than arranging the amalgam in the coldest part in the arc tube as in the technique described in
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る請求項１のアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプは、外側を水が流れる紫外線透過性石英管の内側の底部に該石英管に沿って水平姿勢で装着して点灯される低圧水銀ランプであって、石英ガラスからなる発光管の両端に陰極としてフィラメントが装備された電極が封着されると共に、始動用の希ガス及び、これとともに水銀蒸気圧を制御する添加剤として、水銀とビスマス、インジウム、錫、鉛等少なくとも１つ以上の金属で構成されるアマルガムが前記発光管に封入され、そのアマルガム中の水銀重量比Ａ（％）が式（１）で表わされる範囲にあり、且つフィラメント後方の発光管端部内面上に配置されるアマルガムとフィラメントとの距離Ｂ（ｍｍ）が式（２）で表わされる範囲にあることを特徴とする。
２≦Ａ≦１０ （１）
８≦Ｂ≦２０ （２）
In order to achieve the above object, the amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp according to
2 ≦ A ≦ 10 (1)
8 ≦ B ≦ 20 (2)
本発明に係る請求項２のランプ点灯電源装置は、請求項１に記載するランプを光源として点灯させる電源装置おいて、電源投入時点からランプ点灯までのフィラメント予熱時間Ｃ（秒）は式（３）を満たすことを特徴とする。
５≦Ｃ≦６０ （３）
A lamp lighting power supply device according to a second aspect of the present invention is a power supply device that uses the lamp according to the first aspect as a light source. ) Is satisfied.
5 ≦ C ≦ 60 (3)
本発明に係る請求項３のランプ点灯電源装置は、請求項１に記載するランプを光源として点灯させる電源装置おいて、点灯前と点灯中の予熱電圧の比をＤとすると、式（４）を満たすことを特徴とする。
１．２≦Ｄ≦２．０ （４）
Ｄ＝Ｄｐ／Ｄｎ Ｄｐ：点灯前の予熱電圧、Ｄｎ：点灯中の予熱電圧
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lamp lighting power supply apparatus according to the present invention, wherein the ratio of the preheating voltage before lighting and during lighting is D, It is characterized by satisfying.
1.2 ≦ D ≦ 2.0 (4)
D = Dp / Dn Dp: preheating voltage before lighting, Dn: preheating voltage during lighting
本発明に係る請求項４のランプ点灯電源装置は、請求項１に記載するランプを光源として点灯させる電源装置おいて、電源投入時点からランプ点灯までのフィラメント予熱時間Ｃ（秒）は式（３）を満たし、且つ点灯前と点灯中の予熱電圧の比をＤとするとき、式（４）を満たすことを特徴とする。
５≦Ｃ≦６０ （３）
１．２≦Ｄ≦２．０ （４）
Ｄ＝Ｄｐ／Ｄｎ Ｄｐ：点灯前の予熱電圧、Ｄｎ：点灯中の予熱電圧
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lamp lighting power supply apparatus that uses the lamp according to the first aspect as a light source. ) And when the ratio of the preheating voltage before lighting and during lighting is D, Expression (4) is satisfied.
5 ≦ C ≦ 60 (3)
1.2 ≦ D ≦ 2.0 (4)
D = Dp / Dn Dp: preheating voltage before lighting, Dn: preheating voltage during lighting
請求項１に係る本発明のアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプは、外側を水が流れる紫外線透過性石英管の内側の底部に該石英管に沿って水平姿勢で装着して点灯され、添加するアマルガムにおける水銀重量比を２〜１０％とし、アマルガムをフィラメントから８〜２０ｍｍ以内の距離の発光管壁面に位置させることで、フィラメント予熱の輻射を受け、ランプ内の水銀蒸気圧を高め、ペニング効果の作用により始動性能を向上させることが可能となる。
The amalgam-type low-pressure mercury lamp of the present invention according to
また、請求項２に係る本発明の点灯電源装置は、請求項１に記載のランプにおいてアマルガム中の水銀を蒸発させ、５から６０秒以内でこのランプを始動させることを可能となる。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting power supply device according to the first aspect of the present invention, in which the mercury in the amalgam is evaporated in the lamp of the first aspect and the lamp can be started within 5 to 60 seconds.
さらに、請求項３に係る本発明の点灯電源装置は、点灯前と点灯中の予熱電圧の比Ｄ（Ｄ＝Ｄｐ／Ｄｎ Ｄｐ：点灯前の予熱電圧、Ｄｎ：点灯中の予熱電圧）を１．２から２．０の範囲内とすることで、さらに確実かつ早急に水銀蒸気圧を上げ、低温下のランプ始動性能向上を可能にする。またこの動作中にフィラメントに塗布されたエミッタのスパッタを抑えることが可能となる。 Further, the lighting power supply device of the present invention according to claim 3 has a ratio D (D = Dp / Dn Dp: preheating voltage before lighting, Dn: preheating voltage during lighting) of the preheating voltage before lighting and during lighting. By setting the pressure within the range of 2 to 2.0, the mercury vapor pressure is increased more reliably and quickly, and the lamp starting performance can be improved at low temperatures. Further, it becomes possible to suppress the sputtering of the emitter applied to the filament during this operation.
また、請求項２と３の組合せである、請求項４に係る本発明の点灯電源装置は、低温下でのランプ始動性能の向上とエミッタのスパッタ抑止の効果を得ることができる。
Moreover, the lighting power supply device of the present invention according to claim 4 which is a combination of
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
＜実施例＞
本発明の実施例に係るアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプを図に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明の低圧水銀ランプを水平姿勢で装着した殺菌装置の正面概略図であり、１は本発明の実施例に係るアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプ（殺菌ランプ）、２は円筒形状の水槽（中心軸水平）、３は石英ガラス製スリーブを示す。スリーブ３は、水槽２中にその軸方向に沿って配置され、スリーブ３の内側の底部に水平姿勢でランプ１が設置されている。この水槽中を流れる被処理水はスリーブ３の外周で紫外線照射を受けることで殺菌される。
<Example>
An amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a sterilization apparatus equipped with a low-pressure mercury lamp of the present invention in a horizontal posture. 1 is an amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp (sterilization lamp) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and 2 is a cylindrical water tank ( 3 is a quartz glass sleeve. The sleeve 3 is disposed along the axial direction in the
図２は本発明の実施例に係るアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプの概略を示しており、図２−１は平面図、図２−２は正面図である。４は石英ガラス製発光管、５はフィラメント、６はアマルガム、７は外接リード線、８はセラミックス製口金（ベース）を示す。発光管４の中にはアルゴンなどの希ガスが封入されている。 FIG. 2 schematically shows an amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2-1 is a plan view and FIG. 2-2 is a front view. 4 is a quartz glass arc tube, 5 is a filament, 6 is an amalgam, 7 is a circumscribed lead wire, and 8 is a ceramic base (base). The arc tube 4 is filled with a rare gas such as argon.
図３はアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプを点灯させる安定器とよばれる、本発明の実施例に係る点灯電源装置の回路略図であり、フィラメント予熱が可能な安定器を示している。 FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lighting power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention called a ballast for lighting an amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp, and shows a ballast capable of preheating a filament.
次に、この様な構成のランプの点灯方式について説明する。低圧水銀ランプ１はリード線７を介して安定器９からフィラメント５に予熱電圧が印加される。フィラメント電流が流れることで赤熱し、酸化バリウムを含む主エミッタから熱電子を放出させる。また、点灯時は同じく安定器９よりリード線７を介して両端の電極に始動用の４００Ｖを超える高電圧を印加し、絶縁破壊させて放電し、交流のランプ電流が供給される。本発明の低圧水銀ランプは定格電力２４０Ｗで点灯させる。
Next, a lighting method of the lamp having such a configuration will be described. In the low-
従来の低圧水銀ランプにおいては、フィラメント予熱時間は、一般照明用蛍光灯で約１秒、その他の紫外線用途のランプにおいても１秒から３秒程度であり、フィラメントが赤熱され始動のための熱電子が十分に放出されると同時に点灯開始となる動作が一般的であった。 In the conventional low-pressure mercury lamp, the filament preheating time is about 1 second for a fluorescent lamp for general illumination, and about 1 to 3 seconds for other ultraviolet lamps. In general, the operation of starting lighting at the same time when the battery is sufficiently discharged is common.
本発明の実施例に係る低圧水銀ランプ１においては、アマルガム６は水銀とビスマス、インジウム、錫、鉛等少なくとも１つ以上の金属とで構成されるが、本実施例では水銀の重量比Ａは４％とした。外径１５ｍｍ、全長１５６０ｍｍ、電極間距離１４５０ｍｍである発光管を使用し、その発光管の両端部の石英シール部に、ベースをはめ込み接着剤で固定した。またアマルガムは、フィラメント後方の発光管端部内面上に配置され、アマルガムとフィラメントとの距離Ｂが１０ｍｍとなる位置に設置した。
In the low-
アマルガムにおける水銀重量比Ａは、２００ｎｍから２８０ｎｍの波長域の紫外光の所望の発光強度を得るには２≦Ａ≦１０の範囲とするのが望ましい。一方、フィラメントとアマルガムの距離Ｂの適正範囲は実験により確かめられ、８≦Ｂ≦２０の範囲内にあれば、点灯中アマルガムの温度が適正な範囲である８５から１２０℃となり、安定した紫外線出力が得られ、かつフィラメントの予熱による熱輻射を受け水銀蒸気圧を高めることが可能となった。ここで、アマルガムの位置は必ずしも発光管内の最冷部に相当する位置である必要はない。８ｍｍ未満の場合、アマルガム温度が上記水準より高くなり、適正な温度を上回り、紫外線の出力が低下してしまう。逆に２０ｍｍを超える場合、予熱されたフィラメントからのアマルガムへの熱輻射の影響が小さくなり、アマルガムの温度が下降しランプ始動に必要な水銀蒸気圧が得られるまで時間が掛かってしまうことから実用上の設計として２０ｍｍを超える設定は困難である。 The mercury weight ratio A in the amalgam is desirably in the range of 2 ≦ A ≦ 10 in order to obtain a desired emission intensity of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 280 nm. On the other hand, the appropriate range of the distance B between the filament and the amalgam was confirmed by experiments. If the distance is within the range of 8 ≦ B ≦ 20, the temperature of the amalgam during lighting is from 85 to 120 ° C. which is an appropriate range, and stable UV output And the mercury vapor pressure can be increased by receiving heat radiation from preheating of the filament. Here, the position of the amalgam is not necessarily the position corresponding to the coldest part in the arc tube. When the thickness is less than 8 mm, the amalgam temperature becomes higher than the above level, exceeds the appropriate temperature, and the output of ultraviolet rays is reduced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20 mm, the effect of heat radiation from the preheated filament to the amalgam is reduced, and it takes time until the temperature of the amalgam falls and the mercury vapor pressure necessary for starting the lamp is obtained. As a design above, setting over 20 mm is difficult.
次に、上記構成のランプについて、まず水温及び予熱時間とランプ始動性との関係を調査した。ランプの始動試験結果を表１に示す。この場合の水温は３、５、１０、１５、２０℃の５通りで実施した。表１より、予熱時間Ｃが４秒以下の場合、ランプ始動しない確率が存在するが、５秒以上の場合はでは水温３℃以上で始動の確率が１００％であった。予熱時間の上限値は、実用面を考慮すれば６０秒を超えることは好ましくない。そこで、予熱時間Ｃは、５秒以上６０秒以下とするのが望ましい。 Next, the relationship between the water temperature and the preheating time and the lamp startability was investigated for the lamp having the above configuration. Table 1 shows the results of the lamp start test. In this case, the water temperature was 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ° C. From Table 1, when the preheating time C is 4 seconds or less, there is a probability that the lamp will not start, but when it is 5 seconds or more, the water temperature is 3 ° C. or more and the probability of starting is 100%. The upper limit of the preheating time is not preferably over 60 seconds in consideration of practical aspects. Therefore, it is desirable that the preheating time C is 5 seconds or more and 60 seconds or less.
また、フィラメントの予熱電圧と点灯時の電圧が切り替えられる安定器（点灯電源装置）を用い、水温３℃の条件の下で、点灯前と点灯中のフィラメント予熱電圧比Ｄ及び予熱時間とランプ始動性との関係を調査した。その結果を表２に示す。表２に示されているように、予熱時間を３秒まで短縮することが可能であることが確認された。しかし、Ｄが２倍を超える場合、電極の黒化が認められ、フィラメント温度が長期間高くなることからエミッタが飛散し、ランプの短寿命となる恐れがある。こうしてフィラメント予熱電圧比Ｄを１．２から２．０の範囲とするが望ましいことが確認された。 In addition, using a ballast (lighting power supply device) that can switch between the preheating voltage of the filament and the lighting voltage, the filament preheating voltage ratio D, preheating time, and lamp start before lighting and lighting under the condition of a water temperature of 3 ° C. The relationship with sex was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. As shown in Table 2, it was confirmed that the preheating time can be shortened to 3 seconds. However, when D exceeds twice, blackening of the electrode is recognized and the filament temperature becomes high for a long time, so that the emitter is scattered and the lamp life may be shortened. Thus, it was confirmed that the filament preheating voltage ratio D is preferably in the range of 1.2 to 2.0.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、水銀重量比が１０％以下のアマルガムが添加されたアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプに対して、外部からアマルガムを加熱するための装置を付加して設けることは必要なく、ランプと安定器（点灯電源装置）という簡単な構成で、アマルガムの位置、予熱時間、予熱電圧を所定範囲に調整することにより低温下での始動性能を大幅に改善することが可能となる。 As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to add an apparatus for heating amalgam from the outside to an amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp to which an amalgam having a mercury weight ratio of 10% or less is added. With a simple configuration of a lamp and ballast (lighting power supply), it is possible to significantly improve the starting performance at low temperatures by adjusting the amalgam position, preheating time, and preheating voltage within the specified range. Become.
また本発明の技術を利用すると、殺菌用途に限らず、寒冷地で使用可能なアマルガム型低圧水銀ランプ用いた紫外線応用製品へと用途を広げることが可能となる。 In addition, when the technology of the present invention is used, it is possible to expand the application to UV-applied products using an amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp that can be used not only in sterilization but also in cold regions.
本発明は、主として紫外線ランプを用いた流水殺菌装置、紫外線酸化用装置などに用いられる。 The present invention is mainly used in running water sterilizers using ultraviolet lamps, ultraviolet oxidation apparatuses, and the like.
１・・・ランプ
２・・・水槽
３・・・石英ガラス製スリーブ
４・・・石英ガラス製発光管
５・・・フィラメント
６・・・アマルガム
７・・・リード線
８・・・セラミックベース
９・・・安定器
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (4)
２≦Ａ≦１０ （１）
８≦Ｂ≦２０ （２） A low-pressure mercury lamp that is mounted and lit in a horizontal position along the quartz tube at the inner bottom of an ultraviolet ray transmissive quartz tube through which water flows outside, with filaments serving as cathodes at both ends of the arc tube made of quartz glass The equipped electrode is sealed, and is composed of a rare gas for starting, and at the same time, mercury and at least one metal such as bismuth, indium, tin and lead as an additive for controlling the mercury vapor pressure. The amalgam is enclosed in the arc tube, the mercury weight ratio A (%) in the amalgam is in the range represented by the formula (1), and the amalgam and the filament are arranged on the inner surface of the end of the arc tube behind the filament The amalgam type low-pressure mercury lamp is characterized in that the distance B (mm) is in the range represented by the formula (2).
2 ≦ A ≦ 10 (1)
8 ≦ B ≦ 20 (2)
５≦Ｃ≦６０ （３） The lamp power supply device for lighting a lamp according to claim 1, wherein the filament preheating time C (seconds) from the time of turning on the power to the lamp lighting satisfies the formula (3).
5 ≦ C ≦ 60 (3)
１．２≦Ｄ≦２．０ （４）
Ｄ＝Ｄｐ／Ｄｎ Ｄｐ：点灯前の予熱電圧、Ｄｎ：点灯中の予熱電圧 The lamp power supply device for lighting a lamp according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the preheating voltage before lighting and the preheating voltage during lighting is D, and the formula (4) is satisfied.
1.2 ≦ D ≦ 2.0 (4)
D = Dp / Dn Dp: preheating voltage before lighting, Dn: preheating voltage during lighting
５≦Ｃ≦６０ （３）
１．２≦Ｄ≦２．０ （４）
Ｄ＝Ｄｐ／Ｄｎ Ｄｐ：点灯前の予熱電圧、Ｄｎ：点灯中の予熱電圧 In the lighting power supply device for lighting the lamp according to claim 1, the filament preheating time C (second) from the time of turning on the power to the lamp lighting satisfies the formula (3), and the ratio of the preheating voltage before lighting and during lighting. A lamp lighting power supply device satisfying the expression (4) where D is D.
5 ≦ C ≦ 60 (3)
1.2 ≦ D ≦ 2.0 (4)
D = Dp / Dn Dp: preheating voltage before lighting, Dn: preheating voltage during lighting
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