JP5500031B2 - Control device for electric vehicle - Google Patents
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- JP5500031B2 JP5500031B2 JP2010224181A JP2010224181A JP5500031B2 JP 5500031 B2 JP5500031 B2 JP 5500031B2 JP 2010224181 A JP2010224181 A JP 2010224181A JP 2010224181 A JP2010224181 A JP 2010224181A JP 5500031 B2 JP5500031 B2 JP 5500031B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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Description
本発明は、電動車両に搭載された各種補機に電力を供給する補機バッテリの劣化判定を行う電動車両の制御装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a control apparatus for an electric vehicle that performs deterioration determination of an auxiliary battery that supplies electric power to various auxiliary machines mounted on the electric vehicle.
近年、電気自動車（ＢＥＶ）やプラグインハイブリッド自動車（ＰＨＥＶ）等の電動車両が多数実用化されている。このような電動車両は、走行用のモータを駆動させるための高圧の走行用バッテリと、各種補機に電力を供給するための低圧の補機バッテリとを備える。また補機バッテリは、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを介して走行用バッテリに接続され、走行用バッテリから供給される電力によって適宜充電されるようになっている。 In recent years, many electric vehicles such as electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) have been put into practical use. Such an electric vehicle includes a high-voltage traveling battery for driving a traveling motor and a low-voltage auxiliary battery for supplying electric power to various auxiliary devices. The auxiliary battery is connected to the traveling battery via a DC / DC converter, and is appropriately charged with electric power supplied from the traveling battery.
走行用バッテリによる補機バッテリの充電方法は様々提案されているが、例えば、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを間欠的に駆動させることで、走行用バッテリ（主蓄電装置）によって補機バッテリ（副蓄電装置）を充電するようにしたものがある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Various methods of charging the auxiliary battery by the traveling battery have been proposed. For example, the auxiliary battery (sub power storage device) is driven by the traveling battery (main power storage device) by intermittently driving the DC / DC converter. Is charged (for example, see Patent Document 1).
上述のようにＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを間欠的に駆動させることで、補機バッテリを効率的に充電することができ、電力消費量を抑えることもできる。しかしながら、例えば、長期の使用等によって補機バッテリの劣化が進むと、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを駆動させていない期間に、補機バッテリの電圧が急激に低下してしまい、各種補機に対して一時的に十分な電力を供給できなくなる虞がある。このような問題に対しては、例えば、特許文献１に記載されているように、補機バッテリの電圧が下限しきい値まで低下した場合にＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの駆動を開始させ、補機バッテリの電圧が上限しきい値まで上昇した場合にＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの駆動を停止させる方法がある。ただし補機バッテリが劣化した状態では、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの駆動と停止とを頻繁に繰り返すことになり電力消費量が増加するといった問題が生じる。また電動車両の走行中にこのような制御を実施すると、補機バッテリの劣化に気づかずにバッテリ上がりが生じてしまう虞もある。 By driving the DC / DC converter intermittently as described above, the auxiliary battery can be charged efficiently and the power consumption can be suppressed. However, for example, if the deterioration of the auxiliary battery progresses due to long-term use or the like, the voltage of the auxiliary battery suddenly decreases during the period when the DC / DC converter is not driven, and temporarily changes to various auxiliary machines. May not be able to supply sufficient power. To solve such a problem, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery drops to the lower limit threshold, the driving of the DC / DC converter is started, and the auxiliary battery is There is a method of stopping the driving of the DC / DC converter when the voltage of the voltage rises to the upper threshold value. However, when the auxiliary battery is deteriorated, the DC / DC converter is frequently driven and stopped repeatedly, resulting in a problem that the power consumption increases. If such control is performed while the electric vehicle is traveling, the battery may run out without noticing the deterioration of the auxiliary battery.
このため、補機バッテリの劣化の有無を正確に把握し、補機バッテリの劣化が生じている場合には適宜対策を施すことが好ましい。 For this reason, it is preferable that the presence or absence of deterioration of the auxiliary battery is accurately grasped and appropriate measures are taken when the auxiliary battery is deteriorated.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、補機バッテリの劣化の有無を正確に判定することができる電動車両の制御装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a control device for an electric vehicle that can accurately determine the presence or absence of deterioration of an auxiliary battery.
上記課題を解決する本発明の第１の態様は、走行用モータに電力を供給する走行用バッテリと、補機に電力を供給する補機バッテリと、前記走行用バッテリの電圧を降圧させて前記補機バッテリに出力するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータと、を備える電動車両の制御装置であって、前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの駆動を制御するコンバータ制御手段と、該コンバータ制御手段によって前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータが所定間隔で間欠駆動されている所定期間中に前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下した回数をカウントする計測手段と、前記計測手段の計測結果に基づいて、前記所定期間中に前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下した回数が３回以上の規定回数以上である場合に、前記補機バッテリの劣化有りと判定する劣化判定手段と、を備え、前記コンバータ制御手段は、前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下する毎に前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを強制的に一定期間だけ連続駆動させることを特徴とする電動車両の制御装置にある。 A first aspect of the present invention that solves the above problems includes a traveling battery that supplies electric power to a traveling motor, an auxiliary battery that supplies electric power to an auxiliary device, and a voltage of the traveling battery is stepped down to reduce the voltage. An apparatus for controlling an electric vehicle comprising: a DC / DC converter that outputs to an auxiliary battery, wherein the DC / DC converter is controlled by the converter control means that controls driving of the DC / DC converter; Measuring means for counting the number of times the voltage of the auxiliary battery drops to a predetermined threshold value or less during a predetermined period of intermittent driving at intervals, and based on the measurement result of the measuring means, the auxiliary battery during the predetermined period. when the voltage of the machine battery is the number of times that falls below a predetermined threshold value three times or more prescribed number of times or more, degradation determiner that there deterioration of the auxiliary battery And the converter control means forcibly continuously drives the DC / DC converter for a certain period each time the voltage of the auxiliary battery drops to a predetermined threshold value or less. In the control unit.
かかる第１の態様では、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを間欠駆動させた状態で、補機バッテリの劣化の有無、すなわち補機バッテリが所定の程度まで劣化が進んでいるか否か、を正確に判定することができる。また補機バッテリを確実に回復させることができ、その後の電圧低下を抑制することができる。 In the first aspect, with the DC / DC converter being intermittently driven, it is accurately determined whether or not the auxiliary battery has deteriorated, that is, whether or not the auxiliary battery has been deteriorated to a predetermined degree. Can do. Further, the auxiliary battery can be reliably recovered, and the subsequent voltage drop can be suppressed.
本発明の第２の態様は、前記劣化判定手段によって前記補機バッテリの劣化有りと判定されると、前記コンバータ制御手段は、間欠駆動を停止して前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを強制的に連続駆動させることを特徴とする第１の態様の電動車両の制御装置にある。 In the second aspect of the present invention, when the deterioration determining means determines that the auxiliary battery is deteriorated, the converter control means stops intermittent driving and forcibly continuously drives the DC / DC converter. A control device for an electric vehicle according to a first aspect is characterized in that:
かかる第２の態様では、補機バッテリが劣化している場合でも、補機バッテリの充電量の低下を抑制すると共に、各種補機に十分な電力を供給することができる。 In the second aspect, even when the auxiliary battery is deteriorated, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the charge amount of the auxiliary battery and supply sufficient power to various auxiliary machines.
本発明の第３の態様は、前記劣化判定手段によって前記補機バッテリの劣化有りと判定された場合に、その旨を前記電動車両のユーザに報知する報知手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする第１又は２の態様の電動車両の制御装置にある。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is further provided an informing means for informing a user of the electric vehicle when the deterioration judging means judges that the auxiliary battery is deteriorated. It exists in the control apparatus of the electric vehicle of the aspect of 1 or 2 .
かかる第３の態様では、電動車両のユーザに対して補機バッテリの適切な交換時期を示すことができ、それに応じて補機バッテリを交換することで電力消費量を抑制でき、またバッテリ上がり等の問題も未然に防止することができる。 In the third aspect, it is possible to indicate an appropriate replacement time of the auxiliary battery to the user of the electric vehicle, and it is possible to suppress the power consumption by replacing the auxiliary battery accordingly, and the battery is discharged, etc. This problem can also be prevented in advance.
以上のように本発明の電動車両の制御装置では、補機バッテリの劣化の有無を正確に判定することができる。そして、補機バッテリの劣化有りと判定された場合に、例えば、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを強制的に連続駆動させることにより、補機バッテリを効率的に充電して各種補機に十分な電力を供給することができる。また例えば、電動車両のユーザにその旨を報知して補機バッテリの交換を促すことにより、バッテリ上がりの発生を未然に防止することもできる。このように本発明によれば、補機バッテリの劣化の有無を正確に判定することができ、補機バッテリの劣化が生じている場合には適宜対策を施すことができる。 As described above, the control device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention can accurately determine the presence or absence of deterioration of the auxiliary battery. When it is determined that the auxiliary battery has deteriorated, for example, the DC / DC converter is forcibly continuously driven to efficiently charge the auxiliary battery and supply sufficient power to various auxiliary machines. can do. Further, for example, it is possible to prevent the battery from running out by informing the user of the electric vehicle and prompting the user to replace the auxiliary battery. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not the auxiliary battery is deteriorated, and when the auxiliary battery is deteriorated, appropriate measures can be taken.
以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図１に示すように、電動車両の一例である電気自動車１は、走行用モータ２を備え、この走行用モータ２は減速機３を介して駆動輪に連結されている。このように電気自動車１は走行用モータ２を駆動源として走行可能に構成されている。また電気自動車１には、走行用バッテリ（二次電池）４と、補機バッテリ５とが搭載されている。走行用バッテリ４はインバータ６を介して走行用モータ２に電気的に接続されている。走行用モータ２はこの走行用バッテリ４から供給される電力によって駆動される。補機バッテリ５は、各種補機（１２Ｖ系のコンポ）７に接続されており、これら各種補機７に対して電力を供給する。また補機バッテリ５は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を介してインバータ６に接続されている。すなわち補機バッテリ５は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８及びインバータ６を介して走行用バッテリ４に接続されている。そして電気自動車１の走行中などの所定のタイミングで走行用バッテリ４から補機バッテリ５に電力が供給され、この電力によって補機バッテリ５が充電されるようになっている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, an electric vehicle 1, which is an example of an electric vehicle, includes a traveling motor 2, and the traveling motor 2 is connected to driving wheels via a speed reducer 3. Thus, the electric vehicle 1 is configured to be able to travel using the traveling motor 2 as a drive source. Further, the electric vehicle 1 is equipped with a traveling battery (secondary battery) 4 and an auxiliary battery 5. The traveling battery 4 is electrically connected to the traveling motor 2 via an inverter 6. The traveling motor 2 is driven by electric power supplied from the traveling battery 4. The auxiliary battery 5 is connected to various auxiliary machines (12V components) 7 and supplies electric power to these various auxiliary machines 7. The auxiliary battery 5 is connected to the inverter 6 via the DC / DC converter 8. That is, the auxiliary battery 5 is connected to the traveling battery 4 via the DC / DC converter 8 and the inverter 6. Electric power is supplied from the traveling battery 4 to the auxiliary battery 5 at a predetermined timing such as when the electric vehicle 1 is traveling, and the auxiliary battery 5 is charged by this electric power.
具体的には、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の駆動が電気自動車１に備えられた制御装置１０によって適宜制御されることで、走行用バッテリ４の電力が所定のタイミングで補機バッテリ５に供給される。なお各種補機７も補機バッテリ５と同様にＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８及びインバータ６を介して走行用バッテリ４に接続されている。そして走行用バッテリ４から補機バッテリ５に電力が供給される際には、各種補機７にも走行用バッテリ４から電力が供給される。 Specifically, the driving of the DC / DC converter 8 is appropriately controlled by the control device 10 provided in the electric vehicle 1 so that the power of the traveling battery 4 is supplied to the auxiliary battery 5 at a predetermined timing. . Various auxiliary machines 7 are also connected to the traveling battery 4 through a DC / DC converter 8 and an inverter 6 in the same manner as the auxiliary battery 5. When power is supplied from the traveling battery 4 to the auxiliary battery 5, power is also supplied from the traveling battery 4 to various auxiliary machines 7.
制御装置１０は、図２に示すように、コンバータ制御手段１１と、計測手段１２と、劣化判定手段１３とを備える制御部１４と、例えば、補機バッテリ５に設けられた電圧センサ等で構成され補機バッテリ５の電圧を検出する検出手段１５と、を備える。 As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 10 includes a control unit 14 that includes a converter control unit 11, a measurement unit 12, and a deterioration determination unit 13, and a voltage sensor or the like provided in the auxiliary battery 5, for example. And detecting means 15 for detecting the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5.
コンバータ制御手段１１は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の駆動を適宜制御する。例えば、通常時は、コンバータ制御手段１１は、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を所定間隔で間欠駆動させる。この間欠駆動実施時には、例えば、図３に示すように、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８をＯＮにする期間（Ａ秒間）と、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８をＯＦＦにする期間（Ｂ秒間）とが交互に繰り返される。そしてＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８がＯＮの期間は、補機バッテリ５及び各種補機７に対して走行用バッテリ４から電力が供給され、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８がＯＦＦの期間は、走行用バッテリ４から補機バッテリ５及び各種補機７への電力供給は停止され、補機バッテリ５から各種補機７に対して電力が供給される。 Converter control means 11 appropriately controls driving of DC / DC converter 8. For example, normally, the converter control means 11 drives the DC / DC converter 8 intermittently at a predetermined interval. When this intermittent driving is performed, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a period in which the DC / DC converter 8 is turned on (A second) and a period in which the DC / DC converter 8 is turned off (B seconds) are alternately repeated. It is. When the DC / DC converter 8 is ON, power is supplied from the traveling battery 4 to the auxiliary battery 5 and various auxiliary machines 7, and when the DC / DC converter 8 is OFF, the electric power is supplied from the traveling battery 4. The power supply to the auxiliary battery 5 and the various auxiliary machines 7 is stopped, and power is supplied from the auxiliary battery 5 to the various auxiliary machines 7.
計測手段１２は、このようにコンバータ制御手段１１によってＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が実施されている所定期間に、検出手段１５の検出結果に基づいて、補機バッテリ５の電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下した回数をカウントする。具体的には、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８がＯＦＦの期間（Ｂ秒間）で補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値以下になった場合を１回として、所定期間内でその回数Ｃをカウントする。本実施形態では、図４及び図５に示すように、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８がＯＮの期間に所定値Ｖａ付近まで上昇した補機バッテリ５の電圧が、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８がＯＦＦの期間に閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下した場合を１回として、所定期間Ｔ１内でこの回数Ｃをカウントする。例えば、図４の場合、所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になった回数は２（Ｃ＝２）となり、図５の場合、回数は３（Ｃ＝３）となる。 The measuring unit 12 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is a predetermined threshold based on the detection result of the detecting unit 15 during the predetermined period in which the DC / DC converter 8 is intermittently driven by the converter control unit 11 as described above. Count the number of drops to: Specifically, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is equal to or lower than the threshold value during the period (B seconds) when the DC / DC converter 8 is OFF, the number C is counted within a predetermined period. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 that has risen to the vicinity of the predetermined value Va during the period when the DC / DC converter 8 is ON is reduced during the period when the DC / DC converter 8 is OFF. The number of times C is counted within a predetermined period T1 with the case where the voltage drops below the threshold Vm as one time. For example, in the case of FIG. 4, the number of times that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or less than the threshold value Vm within the predetermined period T1 is 2 (C = 2), and in the case of FIG. 5, the number of times is 3 (C = 3). .
ここで、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を間欠駆動させていると、補機バッテリ５の充電量が徐々に減少するため、それに伴ってＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８のＯＮ期間（Ａ秒間）における補機バッテリ５の電圧の減少量も徐々に増加する（図４参照）。このためＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を間欠駆動させていると所定のタイミングで補機バッテリ５の電圧は閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下してしまう。 Here, if the DC / DC converter 8 is intermittently driven, the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 gradually decreases. Accordingly, the auxiliary battery 5 in the ON period (A second) of the DC / DC converter 8 is accordingly accompanied. The amount of voltage decrease gradually increases (see FIG. 4). For this reason, if the DC / DC converter 8 is intermittently driven, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 drops to a threshold value Vm or less at a predetermined timing.
このため本実施形態では、計測手段１２によって回数Ｃがカウントされた場合、つまり補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になった場合に、コンバータ制御手段１１が、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を一時的に中止し、所定期間Ｔ２だけＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を強制的に連続駆動させた後、間欠駆動を再開させるようにしている（図４及び図５参照）。このようにＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を所定期間Ｔ２だけ強制駆動させることで、その間に走行用バッテリ４から補機バッテリ５に十分な電力が供給される。したがって補機バッテリ５の劣化が少なければ、減少していた補機バッテリ５の充電量は十分に上昇する。なおＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を連続駆動させる期間Ｔ２の長さは、特に限定されず、補機バッテリ５の特性等に基づいて適宜決定されればよい。 For this reason, in the present embodiment, when the number of times C is counted by the measuring means 12, that is, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value Vm, the converter control means 11 causes the DC / DC converter 8 to intermittently drive. Is temporarily stopped, the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly continuously driven for a predetermined period T2, and then intermittent driving is resumed (see FIGS. 4 and 5). Thus, by forcibly driving the DC / DC converter 8 for a predetermined period T2, sufficient power is supplied from the traveling battery 4 to the auxiliary battery 5 during that time. Therefore, if the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 is small, the amount of charge of the auxiliary battery 5 that has decreased is sufficiently increased. The length of the period T2 for continuously driving the DC / DC converter 8 is not particularly limited, and may be determined as appropriate based on the characteristics of the auxiliary battery 5 and the like.
劣化判定手段１３は、計測手段１２の計測結果に基づいて補機バッテリ５の劣化の有無、すなわち補機バッテリ５の劣化が所定の程度よりも進んでいるか否か、を判定する。具体的には、劣化判定手段１３は、計測手段１２がカウントした回数Ｃが規定回数ｎ以上（本実施形態では３以上）である場合、つまり所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になった回数Ｃが規定回数ｎ以上（本実施形態では３以上）である場合に、補機バッテリ５の「劣化有り」と判定する。 The deterioration determination means 13 determines the presence or absence of deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 based on the measurement result of the measuring means 12, that is, whether or not the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 has progressed beyond a predetermined level. Specifically, the degradation determination unit 13 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is a threshold value when the number C counted by the measurement unit 12 is a specified number n or more (in this embodiment, 3 or more), that is, within a predetermined period T1. When the number of times C that has become Vm or less is the specified number of times n or more (3 or more in the present embodiment), it is determined that the auxiliary battery 5 is “deteriorated”.
そして本実施形態では、劣化判定手段１３によって補機バッテリ５の「劣化有り」と判定された場合には、コンバータ制御手段１１が、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を中止して、その後はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を連続駆動させている（図５参照）。 In the present embodiment, when the deterioration determining unit 13 determines that the auxiliary battery 5 is “deteriorated”, the converter control unit 11 stops the intermittent driving of the DC / DC converter 8, and then the DC The DC converter 8 is continuously driven (see FIG. 5).
ところで、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を間欠駆動させていると上述したように補機バッテリ５の電圧は徐々に閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下してしまう。また補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下する理由としては、例えば、補機７による電力消費量の一時的な増加等も考えられるが、補機バッテリ５の劣化もその一つとして挙げられる。 By the way, when the DC / DC converter 8 is intermittently driven, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 gradually decreases to the threshold value Vm or less as described above. The reason why the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 decreases to the threshold value Vm or less is, for example, a temporary increase in power consumption by the auxiliary machine 7, and the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 is one example. It is done.
本実施形態では、上述したように補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になった場合に、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を所定期間Ｔ２だけ強制駆動させ、補機バッテリ５を充電するようにしている。ただし補機バッテリ５の劣化が進むと、所定期間Ｔ２内には補機バッテリ５の充電量が十分に回復しなくなる。このため、その後の間欠駆動時に補機バッテリ５の電圧が低下し易くなってしまう。つまり補機バッテリ５の劣化に伴って、所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になる回数Ｃは増加することになる。 In the present embodiment, as described above, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value Vm, the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly driven only for a predetermined period T2 to charge the auxiliary battery 5. . However, as the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 proceeds, the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 does not sufficiently recover within the predetermined period T2. For this reason, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 tends to decrease during subsequent intermittent driving. That is, with the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5, the number C of times when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value Vm within the predetermined period T1 increases.
例えば、補機バッテリ５の劣化が少ない状態では、図４に示すように、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が複数回繰り返された後、補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下する。その後所定期間Ｔ２だけＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８が強制駆動された後、間欠駆動が再開される。補機バッテリ５の劣化が少ない状態では、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動により補機バッテリ５の充電量が十分に回復するため、その後に実施される間欠駆動の期間が比較的長くなる。したがって所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下する回数Ｃは少ない。一方、補機バッテリ５が劣化している場合、補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下し、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８が強制駆動されても、補機バッテリ５の充電量が十分に回復しない。このため、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が再開されると、直後に、補機バッテリ５の電圧は閾値Ｖｍ以下まで低下してしまう。したがって補機バッテリ５が劣化している状態では、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が実施される期間は極めて短くなり、所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下となる回数Ｃも増加してしまう。 For example, in a state where the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 is small, as shown in FIG. 4, after the intermittent driving of the DC / DC converter 8 is repeated a plurality of times, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 decreases to the threshold value Vm or less. Thereafter, after the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly driven for a predetermined period T2, intermittent driving is resumed. In a state where the deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 is small, the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 is sufficiently recovered by the forced driving of the DC / DC converter 8, so that the period of intermittent driving performed thereafter becomes relatively long. Therefore, the number C of times that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 falls to the threshold value Vm or less within the predetermined period T1 is small. On the other hand, when the auxiliary battery 5 is deteriorated, the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 is sufficiently recovered even when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is lowered to the threshold value Vm or less and the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly driven. do not do. For this reason, when the intermittent drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is resumed, immediately after, the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is lowered to the threshold value Vm or less. Therefore, in a state where the auxiliary battery 5 is deteriorated, the period during which the DC / DC converter 8 is intermittently driven is extremely short, and the number C of times that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or less than the threshold value Vm within the predetermined period T1. Will also increase.
以上のように所定期間Ｔ１内に補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下となる回数Ｃは、補機バッテリ５の劣化に伴って増加する。したがって、計測手段１２によってカウントされた回数Ｃに基づいて判定することで、補機バッテリ５の劣化の有無を正確に判定することができる。 As described above, the number of times C at which the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value Vm within the predetermined period T1 increases as the auxiliary battery 5 deteriorates. Therefore, by determining based on the number of times C counted by the measuring means 12, it is possible to accurately determine whether the auxiliary battery 5 has deteriorated.
また本実施形態では、上述のように劣化判定手段１３によって補機バッテリ５の「劣化有り」と判定された場合に、コンバータ制御手段１１がＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を中止して、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を連続駆動させるようにしている。これにより、補機バッテリ５が劣化している場合でも、補機バッテリ５の充電量の低下を抑制すると共に、各種補機７に十分な電力を供給することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, when the deterioration determination unit 13 determines that “the deterioration is present” of the auxiliary battery 5 as described above, the converter control unit 11 stops the intermittent driving of the DC / DC converter 8 and the DC The DC converter 8 is continuously driven. Thereby, even when the auxiliary battery 5 is deteriorated, a reduction in the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 can be suppressed and sufficient power can be supplied to the various auxiliary machines 7.
なお、補機バッテリ５の電圧が所定閾値Ｖｍ以下になる回数Ｃをカウントする所定期間Ｔ１の長さ、また劣化の有無の判定の基準となる規定回数ｎは、補機バッテリ５の特性等を考慮して適宜決定されればよい。 The length of the predetermined period T1 for counting the number of times C when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value Vm, and the specified number of times n used as a criterion for determining the presence or absence of deterioration are the characteristics of the auxiliary battery 5 and the like. What is necessary is just to determine suitably in consideration.
以下、本実施形態に係る電動車両の制御装置による補機バッテリの劣化判定制御の一例について、図６のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, an example of auxiliary battery deterioration determination control by the control apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6.
電気自動車１のイグニッションキーがＯＮにされ、コンバータ制御手段１１によってＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が開始されると、まずステップＳ１で所定期間Ｔ１、Ｔ２及び回数Ｃの値の全てがリセットされる。なお上述したように、回数Ｃは補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下になった回数であり、所定期間Ｔ１とはこの回数Ｃをカウントする期間であり、所定期間Ｔ２とはＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を強制的に連続駆動させて補機バッテリ５を充電する期間である。 When the ignition key of the electric vehicle 1 is turned on and the intermittent drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is started by the converter control means 11, all the values of the predetermined periods T1, T2 and the number of times C are reset in step S1. . As described above, the number of times C is the number of times that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 has become equal to or less than the threshold value Vm. The predetermined period T1 is a period for counting the number of times C. The predetermined period T2 is a DC / DC converter. This is a period during which the auxiliary battery 5 is charged by forcibly continuously driving 8.
次にステップＳ２で、補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下であるか否かが判定される。補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下であると判定された場合には（ステップＳ２：Ｙｅｓ）、ステップＳ３でＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動がＯＮとなる。すなわちコンバータ制御手段１１がＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を一時的に中止させて、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を所定期間Ｔ２だけ強制的に連続駆動させる。 Next, in step S2, it is determined whether or not the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is equal to or less than the threshold value Vm. When it is determined that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 is equal to or lower than the threshold value Vm (step S2: Yes), the forcible drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is turned on in step S3. That is, the converter control means 11 temporarily stops the intermittent driving of the DC / DC converter 8 and forcibly continuously drives the DC / DC converter 8 only for a predetermined period T2.
このようにコンバータ制御手段１１によってＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動が実施された際、所定期間Ｔ１の計測が開始されていない場合、すなわちステップＳ４でＴ１＝０である場合には（ステップＳ４：Ｙｅｓ）、ステップＳ５で計測手段１２によって所定期間Ｔ１の計測がスタートされる。一方、既に所定期間Ｔ１の計測が開始されている場合、すなわちステップＳ４でＴ１＝０でない場合には（ステップＳ４：Ｎｏ）、ステップＳ６に進む。次いでステップＳ６では、計測手段１２によって、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動の期間Ｔ２の計測が開始されると共に、補機バッテリ５の電圧が閾値Ｖｍ以下となった回数Ｃがカウントされる。 In this way, when the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly driven by the converter control means 11, if the measurement of the predetermined period T1 is not started, that is, if T1 = 0 in step S4 (step S4: Yes), measurement of the predetermined period T1 is started by the measuring means 12 in step S5. On the other hand, if the measurement for the predetermined period T1 has already been started, that is, if T1 = 0 is not satisfied in step S4 (step S4: No), the process proceeds to step S6. Next, in step S6, the measurement means 12 starts measurement of the period T2 during which the DC / DC converter 8 is forcibly driven, and counts the number C of times when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or less than the threshold value Vm.
次にステップＳ７で、劣化判定手段１３が、計測手段１２がカウントした回数Ｃが規定回数ｎ以上（本実施形態では３以上）であるか否かを判定する。ここで、回数Ｃが規定回数ｎ以上でない場合には（ステップＳ７：Ｎｏ）、劣化判定手段１３は補機バッテリ５について「劣化無し」と判定する。 Next, in step S7, the deterioration determination unit 13 determines whether or not the number C counted by the measurement unit 12 is equal to or greater than the prescribed number n (3 or more in the present embodiment). Here, when the number of times C is not equal to or greater than the specified number of times n (step S7: No), the deterioration determining unit 13 determines that the auxiliary battery 5 is “no deterioration”.
この場合には、所定期間Ｔ２が経過した時点で（ステップＳ８：Ｙｅｓ）、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動がＯＦＦとなる（ステップＳ９）。すなわちコンバータ制御手段１１によってＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動を中止され、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動が再開される。その後は、所定期間Ｔ２がリセットされ（ステップＳ１０）、所定期間Ｔ１が経過していない場合には（ステップＳ１１：Ｎｏ）、ステップＳ２に戻る。ステップＳ１１で所定期間Ｔ１が経過している場合には（ステップＳ１１：Ｙｅｓ）、ステップＳ１２に進み、イグニッションキーがＯＦＦである等の終了条件が成立した場合には（ステップＳ１２：Ｙｅｓ）、一連の制御を終了し、成立していない場合には（ステップＳ１２：Ｎｏ）、ステップＳ１に戻り上述した補機バッテリ５の劣化判定制御を繰り返し実施する。 In this case, when the predetermined period T2 has elapsed (step S8: Yes), the forced drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is turned off (step S9). That is, the forced drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is stopped by the converter control means 11, and the intermittent drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is resumed. Thereafter, the predetermined period T2 is reset (step S10), and when the predetermined period T1 has not elapsed (step S11: No), the process returns to step S2. If the predetermined period T1 has elapsed in step S11 (step S11: Yes), the process proceeds to step S12. If an end condition such as the ignition key being OFF is satisfied (step S12: Yes), a series of steps are performed. When the above control is terminated and not established (step S12: No), the process returns to step S1 and the above-described deterioration determination control of the auxiliary battery 5 is repeatedly performed.
このように補機バッテリ５の劣化判定制御が繰り返し実施され、ステップＳ７で計測手段１２によって計測された回数Ｃが規定回数ｎ以上となった場合には（ステップＳ７：Ｙｅｓ）、ステップＳ１３に進み、所定期間Ｔ１中であるか否かが判定される。ここで所定期間Ｔ１が既に経過している場合には（ステップＳ１３：Ｎｏ）、劣化判定手段１３によって補機バッテリ５の「劣化無し」と判定され、ステップＳ８に進む。一方、所定期間Ｔ１中である場合には（ステップＳ１３：Ｙｅｓ）、ステップＳ１４で補機バッテリ劣化判定信号がＯＮとなる。つまり劣化判定手段１３によって、補機バッテリ５の「劣化有り」と判定される。そしてステップＳ１５で間欠駆動禁止信号がＯＮとなり、コンバータ制御手段１１は、所定期間Ｔ２が経過した後も間欠駆動を再開させることなく、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の強制駆動を継続する。その後、イグニッションキーがＯＦＦである等の終了条件が成立した時点で（ステップＳ１６：Ｙｅｓ）、一連の制御を終了する。 In this way, when the deterioration determination control of the auxiliary battery 5 is repeatedly performed and the number of times C measured by the measuring unit 12 in step S7 is equal to or more than the specified number n (step S7: Yes), the process proceeds to step S13. It is determined whether or not it is during the predetermined period T1. Here, when the predetermined period T1 has already elapsed (step S13: No), the deterioration determination unit 13 determines that the auxiliary battery 5 is “no deterioration”, and the process proceeds to step S8. On the other hand, when it is during the predetermined period T1 (step S13: Yes), the auxiliary battery deterioration determination signal is turned ON in step S14. That is, the deterioration determining means 13 determines that the auxiliary battery 5 is “deteriorated”. In step S15, the intermittent drive prohibition signal is turned ON, and the converter control unit 11 continues the forced drive of the DC / DC converter 8 without restarting the intermittent drive even after the predetermined period T2 has elapsed. Thereafter, when an end condition such as the ignition key being OFF is satisfied (step S16: Yes), the series of control is ended.
以上説明したように、本発明に係る電気自動車１の制御装置１０によれば、補機バッテリ５の劣化の有無を極めて正確に判定することができる。そして本実施形態では、この判定に基づいて、補機バッテリ５が劣化している場合にはＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を中止し、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を連続駆動させるようにしている。これにより、補機バッテリ５が劣化している場合でも、補機バッテリ５の充電量の低下を抑制すると共に、各種補機７に十分な電力を供給することができる。 As described above, according to the control device 10 of the electric vehicle 1 according to the present invention, the presence or absence of deterioration of the auxiliary battery 5 can be determined extremely accurately. In this embodiment, based on this determination, when the auxiliary battery 5 is deteriorated, the intermittent drive of the DC / DC converter 8 is stopped and the DC / DC converter 8 is continuously driven. Thereby, even when the auxiliary battery 5 is deteriorated, a reduction in the charge amount of the auxiliary battery 5 can be suppressed and sufficient power can be supplied to the various auxiliary machines 7.
さらに、制御装置１０は、劣化判定手段１３によって補機バッテリ５の「劣化有り」と判定された場合には、例えば、画像や音声等によって、その旨を電気自動車１のユーザに報知する報知手段をさらに備えるようにしてもよい。これにより、ユーザに対して、劣化した補機バッテリ５の適切な交換時期を示して、補機バッテリ５の交換を促すことができる。ユーザが、それに応じて補機バッテリを交換することで、電力消費量を抑制することができ、またバッテリ上がり等の問題も未然に防止することができる。 Further, when the deterioration determination unit 13 determines that the auxiliary battery 5 is “deteriorated”, the control device 10 notifies the user of the electric vehicle 1 to that effect by, for example, an image or sound. May be further provided. Thus, it is possible to prompt the user to replace the auxiliary battery 5 by indicating an appropriate replacement time for the deteriorated auxiliary battery 5. When the user replaces the auxiliary battery accordingly, the power consumption can be suppressed, and problems such as battery exhaustion can be prevented.
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、勿論、本発明は、この実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。 As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, of course, this invention is not limited to this Embodiment, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the main point.
例えば、上述の実施形態では、補機バッテリ５の電圧が所定の閾値Ｖｍ以下になった場合に、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８の間欠駆動を一時的に中止し、所定期間Ｔ２だけＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ８を強制的に連続駆動させるようにしているが、この所定期間Ｔ２の強制駆動は必ずしも実施しなくてもよい。 For example, in the above-described embodiment, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery 5 becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value Vm, the intermittent driving of the DC / DC converter 8 is temporarily stopped, and the DC / DC converter 8 is only applied for a predetermined period T2. Are forcibly continuously driven, but the forcible driving during the predetermined period T2 is not necessarily performed.
また例えば、上述の実施形態では、電動車両の一例として走行用モータを備える電気自動車を一例として本発明を説明したが、勿論、本発明は、走行用バッテリと補機バッテリとを備えるあらゆる電動車両に適用することができ、例えば、走行用モータと共にエンジン（内燃機関）を備えるハイブリッド自動車等にも適用することができる。 Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention has been described by taking an electric vehicle including a traveling motor as an example of an electric vehicle. However, of course, the present invention includes any electric vehicle including a traveling battery and an auxiliary battery. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a hybrid vehicle including an engine (internal combustion engine) together with a traveling motor.
１ 電気自動車
２ 走行用モータ
３ 減速機
４ 走行用バッテリ
５ 補機バッテリ
６ インバータ
７ 補機
８ ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ
１０ 制御装置
１１ コンバータ制御手段
１２ 計測手段
１３ 劣化判定手段
１４ 制御部
１５ 検出手段
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric vehicle 2 Driving motor 3 Reduction gear 4 Driving battery 5 Auxiliary battery 6 Inverter 7 Auxiliary machine 8 DC / DC converter 10 Controller 11 Converter control means 12 Measuring means 13 Deterioration judging means 14 Control part 15 Detection means
Claims (3)
補機に電力を供給する補機バッテリと、
前記走行用バッテリの電圧を降圧させて前記補機バッテリに出力するＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータと、を備える電動車両の制御装置であって、
前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータの駆動を制御するコンバータ制御手段と、
該コンバータ制御手段によって前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータが所定間隔で間欠駆動されている所定期間中に前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下した回数をカウントする計測手段と、
前記計測手段の計測結果に基づいて、前記所定期間中に前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下した回数が３回以上の規定回数以上である場合に、前記補機バッテリの劣化有りと判定する劣化判定手段と、を備え、
前記コンバータ制御手段は、前記補機バッテリの電圧が所定の閾値以下まで低下する毎に前記ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを強制的に一定期間だけ連続駆動させることを特徴とする電動車両の制御装置。 A traveling battery for supplying power to the traveling motor;
An auxiliary battery that supplies power to the auxiliary machine, and
A control device for an electric vehicle comprising: a DC / DC converter that steps down the voltage of the battery for driving and outputs the voltage to the auxiliary battery,
Converter control means for controlling the driving of the DC / DC converter;
Measuring means for counting the number of times that the voltage of the auxiliary battery has dropped to a predetermined threshold value or less during a predetermined period in which the DC / DC converter is intermittently driven at predetermined intervals by the converter control means;
On the basis of the measurement results measuring means, when the voltage of the auxiliary battery during said predetermined period is the number of times that falls below a predetermined threshold value three times or more prescribed number of times or more, there deterioration of the auxiliary battery Deterioration determining means for determining
The converter control means forcibly drives the DC / DC converter continuously for a certain period each time the voltage of the auxiliary battery drops below a predetermined threshold value.
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