JP5493259B2 - High strength centrifugal molding concrete composition and method for producing the same - Google Patents
High strength centrifugal molding concrete composition and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5493259B2 JP5493259B2 JP2007244664A JP2007244664A JP5493259B2 JP 5493259 B2 JP5493259 B2 JP 5493259B2 JP 2007244664 A JP2007244664 A JP 2007244664A JP 2007244664 A JP2007244664 A JP 2007244664A JP 5493259 B2 JP5493259 B2 JP 5493259B2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007416 differential thermogravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Natural products O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC=C21 WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001504564 Boops boops Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILFFFKFZHRGICY-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 ILFFFKFZHRGICY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/02—Portland cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/56—Compositions suited for fabrication of pipes, e.g. by centrifugal casting, or for coating concrete pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Description
本発明は、遠心力を利用して製造するパイル、ポール、ヒューム管等のコンクリート成形用に適したコンクリート組成物及びそれを使用するコンクリート二次製品の製造方法に関する。特に、特殊な骨材や繊維補強材等を使用することなく、蒸気養生及びその後の気中養生後に１３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２レベルの極めて高い強度を有する遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a concrete composition suitable for concrete forming such as piles, poles, and fume pipes manufactured using centrifugal force, and a method for manufacturing a concrete secondary product using the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a centrifugal molding concrete composition having an extremely high strength of 130 N / mm 2 after steam curing and subsequent air curing without using special aggregates or fiber reinforcements.
従来、パイル、ポール又はヒューム管等の円柱形又は円筒形のコンクリート二次製品の製造には遠心力を利用した成形方法が一般に採用されている。この方法では、鉄筋を配した型枠中にコンクリートを打設して遠心力成形し、常温で所定時間前養生を行ったのち常圧で蒸気養生を行い、冷却後脱型し、数週間気中養生して出荷される。 Conventionally, a forming method using centrifugal force is generally employed for manufacturing a columnar or cylindrical concrete secondary product such as a pile, a pole, or a fume tube. In this method, concrete is placed in a formwork with reinforcing bars and molded by centrifugal force, precured at room temperature for a predetermined time, then steam-cured at normal pressure, demolded after cooling, and aired for several weeks. Shipped with medium curing.
最近、コンクリートパイルをはじめとするコンクリート二次製品には、支持力がより高いものが求められる傾向にある。このような要求を満たすために、使用する材料、コンクリートの配合、遠心力成形条件、前養生条件、さらには常圧蒸気養生条件や高温高圧養生の付加等によって最適化する手法がとられているが、必ずしも安定した高強度硬化体を得るには至っていないのが現状である。ちなみに、通常のコンクリート材料を使用した場合、遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物の設計基準強度（圧縮強度）１３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２レベルのような高強度領域は、技術的にも限界に近く、その高強度を確保することが極めて難しいとされている（特許文献１〜３参照）。
このように、従来、遠心力成形コンクリート硬化体では、設計基準強度（圧縮強度）１３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上を満たすことが困難であったことに鑑み、本発明は、遠心力成形用製品において、コンクリートの蒸気養生後の脱型圧縮強度が約１１５Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上、その後の気中養生後（１〜２週間後）で１３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２レベルの高強度化を実現する遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物を提供することを目的とする。 As described above, in view of the fact that it has been difficult to satisfy the design standard strength (compressive strength) of 130 N / mm 2 or more in the conventional centrifugally molded concrete cured body, Concrete composition for forming a centrifugal force that has a demolding compression strength of about 115 N / mm 2 or more after steam curing and a high strength of 130 N / mm 2 after subsequent air curing (after 1 to 2 weeks) The purpose is to provide.
本発明はまた、コンクリート材料、配合、練混ぜ、型枠への充填、遠心力成形、前養生及び蒸気養生の最適条件を明らかにして、上記のような高強度の遠心力成形用製品を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention also clarifies the optimum conditions of concrete material, blending, kneading, filling into molds, centrifugal force forming, pre-curing and steam curing, and manufacturing the above-described high-strength centrifugal force forming products. It aims to provide a way to do.
本発明者らは、遠心力成形用製品の高強度化を実現するために鋭意検討した結果、普通ポルトランドセメント、高強度混和材、分散剤、骨材及び水を含む高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物であって、普通ポルトランドセメントの石膏中の半水石膏割合が２０〜９５質量％、間隙相含有率が１７〜２３質量％、単位セメント量が５１０〜６８０ｋｇ／ｍ３であり、高強度混和材は無水石膏と非晶質シリカとを含み、無水石膏／非晶質シリカの質量比が１５／８５〜９０／１０であり、分散剤がナフタレン系分散剤である、高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物を発明するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to achieve high strength of the centrifugal molding product, the present inventors have found that high strength centrifugal molding concrete containing ordinary Portland cement, high strength admixture, dispersant, aggregate and water. a composition, usually hemihydrate gypsum ratio of the gypsum Portland cement is from 20 to 95% by weight, interstitial phase content is 17 to 23 mass%, the amount of the unit cement is 510~680kg / m 3, high strength The admixture contains anhydrous gypsum and amorphous silica, the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica is 15/85 to 90/10, and the dispersant is a naphthalene-based dispersant. Invented a concrete composition for use.
本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物は、高強度混和材中の非晶質シリカがシリカフュームであることが好ましく、高強度混和材が、無水石膏とシリカフュームとを混合粉砕したものがより好ましい。さらに、普通ポルトランドセメント中のＣ３Ａ含有率が７〜１４質量％であることが好ましい。さらに、普通ポルトランドセメント１００質量部に対して、高強度混和材を６〜２５質量部、分散剤を水溶液基準で１．０〜５．５質量部含有することが好ましい。また、水／（普通ポルトランドセメント＋高強度混和材）質量比が１６.０〜２１.５％、であることがより好ましい。 In the high-strength centrifugal molding concrete composition of the present invention, the amorphous silica in the high-strength admixture is preferably silica fume, and the high-strength admixture is obtained by mixing and crushing anhydrous gypsum and silica fume. preferable. Furthermore, it is preferable that the C 3 A content in ordinary Portland cement is 7 to 14% by mass. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 6 to 25 parts by mass of a high-strength admixture and 1.0 to 5.5 parts by mass of a dispersant based on an aqueous solution with respect to 100 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement. The water / (ordinary Portland cement + high-strength admixture) mass ratio is more preferably 16.0 to 21.5%.
本発明はさらに、上記の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物を練混ぜ、鉄筋を配した円筒形型枠に充填したのち遠心力成形し、前養生、続いて蒸気養生したのち脱型し、その後気中で養生する高強度遠心力成形用製品の製造方法を提供する。 The present invention is further mixed with the above-mentioned high-strength centrifugal force molding concrete composition, filled into a cylindrical formwork with reinforcing bars, and then subjected to centrifugal force molding, precured, then steam cured and then demolded, A method for producing a high-strength centrifugal force molding product that is then cured in air is provided.
本発明の遠心力成形用製品の製造方法により、設計基準強度１３０Ｎ／ｍｍ２レベルの高強度遠心力成形用製品が製造できる。このため、杭の場合では支持力を大きく取ることができるので、施工本数が低減でき、経済的であるという効果を奏する。また、高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物は組織が緻密になることから、耐久性の向上に貢献するという効果も奏する。 By the method for producing a centrifugal force molding product of the present invention, a high strength centrifugal force molding product having a design standard strength of 130 N / mm 2 can be produced. For this reason, in the case of a pile, since a supporting force can be taken largely, the number of construction can be reduced and there exists an effect that it is economical. Moreover, since the structure of the high-strength centrifugal force forming concrete composition becomes dense, it also has an effect of contributing to improvement in durability.
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
先ず、コンクリート組成物に使用する材料の好ましい特性は下記のとおりである。
The present invention is described in detail below.
First, the preferable characteristic of the material used for a concrete composition is as follows.
本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物に使用するセメントは、普通ポルトランドセメントであり、その石膏中の半水石膏割合は２０〜９５質量％である。普通ポルトランドセメントの石膏中の半水石膏量は、遠心力成形性（締固め、均質性（内面での波打ち抑制）、ノロ（泥状物）の発生抑制）及び蒸気養生後の強度発現性に極めて重要な役割を果たすため、後述の示差熱熱重量分析方法によって測定するセメントの石膏中の二水石膏と半水石膏との合量に対する半水石膏量の質量比は、上記の２０〜９５質量％の範囲にあることが重要な必須要件の一つである。 The cement used for the high-strength centrifugal force molding concrete composition of the present invention is ordinary Portland cement, and the proportion of hemihydrate gypsum in the gypsum is 20 to 95% by mass. The amount of hemihydrate gypsum in normal Portland cement gypsum is related to centrifugal formability (consolidation, homogeneity (inhibition of undulation on the inner surface), suppression of generation of slurries) and strength development after steam curing. Since it plays an extremely important role, the mass ratio of the amount of hemihydrate gypsum to the total amount of dihydrate gypsum and hemihydrate gypsum in the gypsum of the cement measured by the differential thermogravimetric analysis method described later is 20 to 95 as described above. One of the essential requirements is to be in the mass% range.
普通ポルトランドセメント中のＣ３Ａ含有率とＣ４ＡＦ含有率との合計量で表される間隙相含有率は１７〜２３質量％、好ましくは１８〜２２質量％である。またＣ３Ａ含有率は７〜１４質量％、好ましくは９〜１３質量％である。なお、普通ポルトランドセメント中のＣ３Ａ及びＣ４ＡＦの含有率（質量比）は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：１９９９「ポルトランドセメントの化学分析方法」によって分析したＡｌ２Ｏ３及びＦｅ２Ｏ３の含有率（％）定量値を用いて次式（Ｂｏｇｕｅ式）で計算することによって得られる。
Ｃ３Ａ含有率（質量％）＝（２．６５×％Ａｌ２Ｏ３）−（１．６９×％Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）
（１）
Ｃ４ＡＦ含有率（質量％）＝３．０４×％Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ （２）
The interstitial phase content represented by the total amount of the C 3 A content and the C 4 AF content in ordinary Portland cement is 17 to 23% by mass, preferably 18 to 22% by mass. The C 3 A content 7-14 wt%, preferably 9-13 wt%. The content (mass ratio) of C 3 A and C 4 AF in ordinary Portland cement is the content of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 analyzed by JIS R 5202: 1999 “Chemical analysis method of Portland cement”. It is obtained by calculating with the following formula (Bogue formula) using the rate (%) quantitative value.
C 3 A content (% by mass) = (2.65 ×% Al 2 O 3 ) − (1.69 ×% Fe 2 O 3 )
(1)
C 4 AF content (mass%) = 3.04 ×% Fe 2 O 3 (2)
普通ポルトランドセメントの水硬率（Ｈ．Ｍ．）は２．０５〜２．２５、より好ましくは２．１０〜２．２０、セメント中のＳＯ３量は１．５〜３．０質量％、より好ましくは１．７〜２．４質量％のものを使用することができる。また、普通ポルトランドセメントの粒度は特に限定されるものではなく、粉末度（ブレーン比表面積）が３０００〜３８００ｃｍ２／ｇ、エアジェットシーブによる３２μｍ篩残分が１２．０〜２４．０質量％、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置（セイシン企業製、ＬＭＳ−３０（レーザー・マイクロ・サイザー））による体積含有率が５０％通過径８〜２４μｍ、より好ましくは１２〜２０μｍ、９０％通過径／１０％通過経比が５〜２０、Ｒｏｓｉｎ−Ｒａｍｍｌｅｒ線図におけるｎ値（粒度分布均等数、粒径対象範囲４〜３２μｍ）が１．１０〜１．３５のものであれば、良好に使用することができる。 Ordinary Portland cement has a hydraulic modulus (HM) of 2.05 to 2.25, more preferably 2.10 to 2.20, and the amount of SO 3 in the cement is 1.5 to 3.0% by mass. More preferably, 1.7 to 2.4% by mass can be used. The particle size of ordinary Portland cement is not particularly limited, the fineness (Brain specific surface area) is 3000 to 3800 cm 2 / g, and the residue of 32 μm sieve by air jet sieve is 12.0 to 24.0% by mass, Volume content by laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise, LMS-30 (Laser Micro Sizer)) is 50% pass diameter 8-24 μm, more preferably 12-20 μm, 90% pass diameter / 10% If the passage ratio is 5 to 20 and the n value (particle size distribution uniform number, particle size target range 4 to 32 μm) in the Rosen-Rammler diagram is 1.10 to 1.35, it can be used satisfactorily. it can.
本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物に使用する高強度混和材は、高強度遠心力成形用製品の製造に不可欠な材料の一つであり、無水石膏と非晶質シリカとを含むものである。非晶質シリカとしては、シリカフュームや微粉フライアッシュ（平均粒径１０μｍ以下）等が使用でき、特にシリカ含有割合が９０質量％以上のシリカフュームがより好ましく、その一次粒子が凝集又は焼結されることによって形成された二次粒子が十分解砕・分散されていることが好ましい。これを実現するための方法として、無水石膏とシリカフュームとを混合粉砕することも有効である。高強度混和材中の無水石膏及び非晶質シリカの好ましい含有割合（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比）は１５／８５〜９０／１０、より好ましくは２０／８０〜７０／３０である。高強度混和材の粉末度（ブレーン比表面積）は、構成成分の割合あるいは特に非晶質シリカ粒子の分散状態によって影響されるが、より好ましい配合割合においては、４０００〜１５０００ｃｍ２／ｇ、好ましくは５０００〜１３０００ｃｍ２／ｇの範囲である。 The high-strength admixture used in the high-strength centrifugal force molding concrete composition of the present invention is one of the indispensable materials for producing a high-strength centrifugal force-forming product, and contains anhydrous gypsum and amorphous silica. It is a waste. As the amorphous silica, silica fume, fine powder fly ash (average particle size of 10 μm or less) and the like can be used. In particular, silica fume having a silica content of 90% by mass or more is more preferable, and the primary particles are aggregated or sintered. It is preferable that the secondary particles formed by the above are sufficiently crushed and dispersed. As a method for realizing this, it is also effective to pulverize anhydrous gypsum and silica fume. A preferable content ratio (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio) of anhydrous gypsum and amorphous silica in the high-strength admixture is 15/85 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 70/30. The fineness (brain specific surface area) of the high-strength admixture is influenced by the ratio of the constituent components or particularly the dispersed state of the amorphous silica particles, but in a more preferable blending ratio, it is 4000 to 15000 cm 2 / g, preferably It is the range of 5000-13000 cm < 2 > / g.
また、高強度混和材は、無水石膏と非晶質シリカとを混合粉砕した混合物を使用することがより好ましい。非晶質シリカは製造時に高温状態にさらされるため一次粒子が塊状の二次粒子を形成しており、混合粉砕することにより解膠され、コンクリートに使用した際の分散状態が良くなる。また、蒸気養生用混和材として一般に市販されているものも好適に使用することができる。この例としては、デンカΣ１０００、デンカΣ２０００（電気化学工業（株）製）、ノンクレーブ、スーパーノンクレーブ（住友大阪セメント（株）製）、ダイミックス（昭和ＫＤＥ（株）製）、太平洋ウルトラスーパーミックス（太平洋マテリアル（株）製）等を挙げることができる。これらの中で、デンカΣ２０００、スーパーノンクレーブの使用がより好ましい。 The high-strength admixture is more preferably a mixture obtained by mixing and grinding anhydrous gypsum and amorphous silica. Since amorphous silica is exposed to a high temperature state during production, primary particles form agglomerated secondary particles, which are peptized by mixing and pulverization, and the dispersion state when used in concrete is improved. Moreover, what is generally marketed as an admixture for steam curing can also be used conveniently. Examples include Denka Σ1000, Denka Σ2000 (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), nonclave, super nonclave (manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.), die mix (manufactured by Showa KDE Co., Ltd.), Taiheiyo Ultra Supermix. (Manufactured by Taiheiyo Material Co., Ltd.). Among these, use of Denka Σ2000 and super nonclave is more preferable.
本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物に使用する分散剤は、比較的多量に添加しても遅延性がなく、空気連行性もない減水率の高い高性能減水剤である。高性能減水剤としては、ポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系または芳香族アミノスルホン酸塩系のいずれかを主成分とするものが使用できる。より好ましくはポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系高性能減水剤である。この例として、メチルナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物及びアントラセンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物等が挙げられる。形態としては、粉末状又は水溶液タイプのもののいずれも使用できるが、扱いやすさから水溶液タイプの使用がより好ましい。水溶液中の固形分含有量（溶質含有量）は約２５〜４５質量％の範囲のものが多い。分散剤の水分量は、コンクリート配合設計上、練り混ぜ水に加算するので、その使用に際しては水分量を予め求めておく必要がある。分散剤の市場品の具体例としては、マイティＨＳ（花王（株）製）、マイティ１５０（花王（株）製）、セルフロー（第一工業製薬（株））、レオビルド８０００Ｈ（ＢＡＳＦポゾリス（株）製）、ポールファイン５１０−ＡＮ（竹本油脂（株）製）、フローリックＰＳ（（株）フローリック製）等を挙げることができる。
代表的なポリアルキルアリルスルホン酸塩系分散剤の赤外線吸収スペクトルを図１に示す。赤外線吸収スペクトルは日本分光社製のＦＴ／ＩＲ−４０００（測定精度：４ｃｍ−１）を用いて測定した。分散剤はNaCl板に原液のまま塗布して１１０℃で乾固し透過法により測定した。測定範囲は４００〜４０００ｃｍ−１、積算回数は１６回とした。
The dispersant used in the concrete composition for high strength centrifugal force molding according to the present invention is a high performance water reducing agent having a high water reduction rate that is not delayed and does not entrain air even when added in a relatively large amount. As the high-performance water reducing agent, one having a polyalkylallyl sulfonate or aromatic amino sulfonate as a main component can be used. More preferred is a polyalkylallyl sulfonate high-performance water reducing agent. Examples thereof include methyl naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate, naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate and anthracene sulfonic acid formalin condensate. As the form, either powdered or aqueous solution type can be used, but the aqueous solution type is more preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling. The solid content (solute content) in the aqueous solution is often in the range of about 25 to 45% by mass. Since the water content of the dispersant is added to the kneaded water in the concrete blending design, it is necessary to obtain the water content in advance for its use. Specific examples of marketed dispersants are Mighty HS (manufactured by Kao Corporation), Mighty 150 (manufactured by Kao Corporation), Cellflow (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), Leo Build 8000H (BASF Pozzolith Co., Ltd.) Product), Pole Fine 510-AN (manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd.), Floric PS (manufactured by Floric Co., Ltd.), and the like.
FIG. 1 shows an infrared absorption spectrum of a typical polyalkylallyl sulfonate dispersant. The infrared absorption spectrum was measured using FT / IR-4000 (measurement accuracy: 4 cm −1 ) manufactured by JASCO Corporation. The dispersant was applied as it was on the NaCl plate, dried at 110 ° C., and measured by the transmission method. The measurement range was 400 to 4000 cm −1 and the number of integrations was 16 times.
本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物に使用する骨材は、種類は特に限定されず、通常、遠心力成形用製品に使用されているものを使用することができる。粗骨材の最大寸法は、より好ましくは１５ｍｍのものを使用し、細骨材率（ｓ／ａ）は３０〜４５質量％の範囲から選択される。 The type of the aggregate used in the high-strength centrifugal force molding concrete composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and those usually used in centrifugal force molding products can be used. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is more preferably 15 mm, and the fine aggregate rate (s / a) is selected from the range of 30 to 45% by mass.
次に、本発明の高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物におけるコンクリート配合は以下のとおりである。
まず、普通ポルトランドセメントの単位量は５１０〜６８０ｋｇ／ｍ３、より好ましくは５８０〜６２０ｋｇ／ｍ３である。普通ポルトランドセメントの単位量が５１０ｋｇ／ｍ３未満では十分な強度が得られず、６８０ｋｇ／ｍ３を超えると水セメント比は小さくできるが、骨材間間隙に対するセメントペーストの容積比が過大となって遠心成形による締め固めが不充分となり、結果として高強度を得ることができない。
Next, the concrete composition in the high strength centrifugal molding concrete composition of the present invention is as follows.
First, the unit amount of ordinary Portland cement is 510 to 680 kg / m 3 , more preferably 580 to 620 kg / m 3 . If the unit amount of ordinary Portland cement is less than 510 kg / m 3 , sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 680 kg / m 3 , the water cement ratio can be reduced, but the volume ratio of cement paste to the gap between aggregates becomes excessive. Therefore, compaction by centrifugal molding becomes insufficient, and as a result, high strength cannot be obtained.
高強度混和材は、普通ポルトランドセメント１００質量部に対して、６〜２５質量部が好ましく、１２〜１８質量部がより好ましい。高強度混和材の含有量が６質量部未満では強度向上効果が期待できず、２５質量部を越えると、遠心力成形性が低下し、強度が低下する場合もあり好ましくない。 The high-strength admixture is preferably 6 to 25 parts by mass and more preferably 12 to 18 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement. If the content of the high-strength admixture is less than 6 parts by mass, an effect of improving the strength cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 25 parts by mass, the centrifugal force moldability is lowered and the strength may be lowered.
ナフタレン系の分散剤は、普通ポルトランドセメント１００質量部に対して、水溶液基準で１．０〜５．５質量部が好ましく、経済性をも踏まえると２．０〜４．５質量部がより好ましい。すなわち、分散剤が水溶液基準で１．０質量部未満では減水性が不十分で、５．５質量部を超えて添加しても、減水効果は頭打ちとなり、その増量分に見合う程の大きな減水効果が得られ難いため不経済となる。 The naphthalene-based dispersant is preferably 1.0 to 5.5 parts by mass based on an aqueous solution with respect to 100 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.5 parts by mass in view of economy. . That is, when the dispersant is less than 1.0 part by mass on the basis of the aqueous solution, water reduction is insufficient, and even if added over 5.5 parts by mass, the water reduction effect reaches its peak, and the water reduction is large enough to meet the increased amount. It is uneconomical because it is difficult to obtain the effect.
また、本発明の遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物の高強度化は、高強度混和材と分散剤との間の相互作用が起こるなかで達せられるものであり、これらの混和材（剤）は単に多ければ良いというものでなく、適正添加量が存在する。 Further, the high strength of the centrifugal force-forming concrete composition of the present invention can be achieved while the interaction between the high-strength admixture and the dispersant occurs, and these admixtures (agents) are simply used. It is not a good thing if there is much, but there exists a proper addition amount.
水／（普通ポルトランドセメント＋高強度混和材）、すなわち水／結合材の適正質量比は、使用する各種コンクリート材料及び単位量（配合）によっても変化するが、１６.０〜２１.５質量％、好ましくは１８〜２０質量％の範囲である。１６.０質量％未満ではコンクリートの粘性が上がり、ハンドリング性が悪化するとともに、硬すぎて型枠への投入が困難となり、また、２１.５質量％を超えるとコンクリートが流動化し遠心力による締固めが不十分となり、高強度が得られ難くなるため好ましくない。 The appropriate mass ratio of water / (ordinary Portland cement + high-strength admixture), that is, water / binder, varies depending on the various concrete materials used and the unit amount (mixing), but 16.0-21.5% by mass , Preferably it is the range of 18-20 mass%. If the amount is less than 16.0% by mass, the viscosity of the concrete increases, the handling property is deteriorated, and it is too hard to be put into the formwork. If the amount exceeds 21.5% by mass, the concrete is fluidized and tightened by centrifugal force. This is not preferable because the hardening is insufficient and high strength is difficult to obtain.
なお、遠心力成形で高強度の鋼管パイルを製造する場合には、上記のコンクリート配合として、高強度混和材に加えて膨張材を併用するのが好ましい。膨張材はアウィン−石灰−石膏系又は石灰−石膏系のものであり、普通ポルトランドセメント１００質量部に対し、膨張材と高強度混和材との合量を基準に１８質量部以内で使用するのが好ましい。この場合、膨張材としては、市販のデンカＣＳＡ＃２０（電気化学工業（株）製）、太平洋エクスパン又は太平洋ジプカル（太平洋マテリアル（株））等が使用でき、この膨張材単体分の配合量は概ね５〜８質量部が好ましい。 In addition, when manufacturing a high intensity | strength steel pipe pile by centrifugal force shaping | molding, it is preferable to use an expansion material together with a high intensity | strength admixture as said concrete mixing | blending. The expansion material is of Awin-lime-gypsum system or lime-gypsum system, and is used within 18 parts by mass based on the total amount of the expansion material and high-strength admixture with respect to 100 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement. Is preferred. In this case, as the expansion material, commercially available Denka CSA # 20 (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Taiheiyo Expan or Taiheiyo Gypcal (Pacific Material Co., Ltd.) can be used. Approximately 5 to 8 parts by mass is preferable.
コンクリート使用材料の投入順序、使用するミキサ、練混ぜ時間等は特に限定されず、遠心力成形用製品の製造で通常行われている条件を採用することができる。練混ぜられた適正なコンクリートの流動性は、スランプで１０ｃｍ以下、好ましくは１〜４ｃｍ、鋼管パイルでは６〜１２ｃｍ程度である。このコンクリートは、配筋された型枠内に打設し、コンクリートの型枠軸方向での均質化を行なう工程（１〜４Ｇ）、型枠内面への貼り付けを行なう工程（低速５〜１４Ｇ、高速１５〜２０Ｇ）、粗骨材の型枠内面方向への濃集と締固めを行を行なう工程（２０Ｇ以上）の４工程で遠心成形する。それぞれの遠心力付加時間は１〜５分間の範囲で選択される。 There are no particular limitations on the order in which the concrete materials are used, the mixer to be used, the kneading time, etc., and the conditions normally used in the production of centrifugal force forming products can be employed. The fluidity of the proper mixed concrete is 10 cm or less, preferably 1 to 4 cm with slump, and about 6 to 12 cm with steel pipe pile. This concrete is placed in a placed formwork, homogenizing the concrete in the axial direction of the formwork (1-4G), and attaching to the inner surface of the formwork (low speed 5-14G) , High speed 15 to 20G), centrifugal molding is performed in four steps (20G or more) in which the coarse aggregate is concentrated and compacted toward the inner surface of the mold. Each centrifugal force application time is selected in the range of 1 to 5 minutes.
遠心力成形された成形体は、常温、例えば、５〜３５℃の温度範囲で４〜６時間前養生を行ったのち、蒸気養生を行う。蒸気養生は１５〜２２℃／ｈの昇温速度で最高温度６０〜１００℃、好ましくは７０〜９０℃まで昇温し、最高温度で３〜６時間保持したのち、８〜１２時間かけて冷却する。冷却後脱型し、１週間以上気中で養生を行う。 The molded body formed by centrifugal force is precured for 4 to 6 hours at room temperature, for example, a temperature range of 5 to 35 ° C., and then steam-cured. Steam curing is performed at a temperature rising rate of 15 to 22 ° C./h, a maximum temperature of 60 to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 90 ° C., held at the maximum temperature for 3 to 6 hours, and then cooled for 8 to 12 hours. To do. After cooling, the mold is removed, and curing is performed in the air for one week or longer.
［使用材料］
［１］普通ポルトランドセメント（Ｃ）：
普通ポルトランドセメントは、水硬率（Ｈ．Ｍ．）が２．０５〜２．２５、セメント中のＳＯ３量が１．５〜３．０質量％、粉末度（ブレーン比表面積）が３０００〜３８００ｃｍ２／ｇ、エアジェットシーブによる３２μｍ篩残分が１２．０〜２４．０質量％、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置（セイシン企業製、ＬＭＳ−３０（レーザー・マイクロ・サイザー））による体積含有率が５０％通過径８〜２４μｍ、９０％通過径／１０％通過経比が５〜２０、Ｒｏｓｉｎ−Ｒａｍｍｌｅｒ線図におけるｎ値（粒度分布均等数、粒径対象範囲４〜３２μｍ）が１．１０〜１．３５のもので、Ｃ３Ａ含有率（質量％）、Ｃ４ＡＦ含有率（質量％）、間隙相含有率（質量％）及び半水石膏割合（質量％）がそれぞれ異なる、表１に示す１２種類を使用した。
[Materials used]
[1] Ordinary Portland cement (C):
Ordinary Portland cement has a hydraulic modulus (HM) of 2.05 to 2.25, an amount of SO 3 in the cement of 1.5 to 3.0% by mass, and a fineness (brain specific surface area) of 3000 to 3000. 3800 cm 2 / g, 32 μm sieve residue by air jet sieve is 12.0 to 24.0% by mass, contained by volume by laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise, LMS-30 (Laser Micro Sizer)) The 50% pass diameter is 8-24 μm, the 90% pass diameter / 10% pass length ratio is 5-20, and the n value (particle size distribution uniform number, particle size target range 4 to 32 μm) in the Rosin-Rammel diagram is 1. 10-3.35, C 3 A content (mass%), C 4 AF content (mass%), interstitial phase content (mass%) and hemihydrate gypsum ratio (mass%) are different from each other. 12 types shown in Table 1 It was used.
普通ポルトランドセメントの鉱物組成及びＳＯ３量は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０２：１９９９「ポルトランドセメントの化学分析方法」及びＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０４：２００２「セメントの蛍光Ｘ線分析方法」により測定した。Ｒ２Ｏ含有率（質量％）は、Ｎａ２Ｏ含有率（質量％）とＫ２Ｏ含有割合（質量％）から式（３）により算出した。
Ｒ２Ｏ含有割合（質量比）＝Ｎａ２Ｏ（質量比）＋０．６５８Ｋ２Ｏ（質量比）（３）
The mineral composition and SO 3 amount of ordinary Portland cement were measured by JIS R 5202: 1999 “Chemical analysis method of Portland cement” and JIS R 5204: 2002 “Fluorescence X-ray analysis method of cement”. The R 2 O content (mass%) was calculated from the Na 2 O content (mass%) and the K 2 O content ratio (mass%) by the formula (3).
R 2 O content ratio (mass ratio) = Na 2 O (mass ratio) +0.658 K 2 O (mass ratio) (3)
なお、半水石膏割合は、以下の方法より求めた。
まず、半水石膏量及び二水石膏量を、示差熱重量分析（ＴＧ−ＤＴＡ）によって定量した。具体的には、示差熱熱重量分析装置ＴＧ−ＤＴＡ６２００（セイコーインスツルメンツ（株）製）を用いて、直径２０μｍの孔を有する容量３０μＬのセル（アルミ製）に、試料を約３０ｍｇ入れ、昇温速度５℃／ｍｉｎで室温から３００℃まで昇温した。図２に示すように、まず、重量減少曲線（図２のＴＧ）を微分した曲線（図２のＤＴＧ）から、ＤＴＧピークＡの立ち上がり温度（約１２５℃）、半水石膏の脱水に伴うＤＴＧピークＢの立ち上がり温度（約１５５℃）、ピークＢの終局点（約１９５℃）を求めた。次に、二水石膏の脱水に伴う１２５〜１５５℃附近の減量（ａ質量％）と、半水石膏の脱水に伴う１５５〜１９５℃附近の減量（ｂ質量％）を求め、式（４）及び式（５）を用いて、セメントの石膏中の二水石膏量（質量％）及び半水石膏量（質量％）を算出した。これらより、半水石膏の割合（質量％）は式（６）を用いて算出した。なお、リファレンスとして、アルミ板を用いた。
In addition, the hemihydrate gypsum ratio was calculated | required with the following method.
First, the amount of hemihydrate gypsum and the amount of dihydrate gypsum were quantified by differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). Specifically, using a differential thermothermal gravimetric analyzer TG-DTA6200 (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), about 30 mg of the sample is put into a cell (made of aluminum) having a hole of 20 μm in diameter and having a capacity of 30 μL. The temperature was raised from room temperature to 300 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min. As shown in FIG. 2, first, from the curve (DTG in FIG. 2) obtained by differentiating the weight loss curve (TG in FIG. 2), the DTG peak A rising temperature (about 125 ° C.), DTG accompanying dehydration of hemihydrate gypsum The rise temperature of peak B (about 155 ° C.) and the end point of peak B (about 195 ° C.) were determined. Next, the weight loss around 125 to 155 ° C. accompanying dehydration of dihydrate gypsum (a mass%) and the weight loss around 155 to 195 ° C. due to dehydration of hemihydrate gypsum (b mass%) are obtained, and the formula (4) And the amount of dihydrate gypsum (mass%) and the amount of hemihydrate gypsum (mass%) in the gypsum of cement were computed using Formula (5). From these, the ratio (mass%) of the hemihydrate gypsum was computed using Formula (6). An aluminum plate was used as a reference.
二水石膏量（質量％）＝減量ａ（質量％）×１７２（二水石膏の分子量）÷（１．５×１８（Ｈ２Ｏの分子量）） （４）半水石膏量（質量％）＝（減量ｂ（質量％）−減量ａ（質量％）÷３）×１４５（半水石膏の分子量）÷（０．５×１８（Ｈ２Ｏの分子量）） （５）半水石膏割合（質量％）＝半水石膏量÷（半水石膏量＋二水石膏量）×１００ （６） Dihydrate gypsum amount (mass%) = weight loss a (mass%) × 172 (molecular weight of dihydrate gypsum) ÷ (1.5 × 18 (molecular weight of H 2 O)) (4) hemihydrate gypsum amount (mass%) = (Weight loss b (mass%)-weight loss a (mass%) ÷ 3) x 145 (molecular weight of hemihydrate gypsum) ÷ (0.5 x 18 (molecular weight of H 2 O)) (5) hemihydrate gypsum ratio ( (Mass%) = hemihydrate gypsum amount ÷ (half water gypsum amount + dihydrate gypsum amount) x 100 (6)
［２］高強度混和材（Ａ）：
調製品：II型無水石膏粉末（フッ酸無水石膏）とシリカフューム（エルケム社製）との配合割合（石膏／シリカフューム質量比）を、１０／９０、２０／８０、３０／７０、６５／３５、８０／２０、９５／５に変え、試験ボールミル（Φ３０×３０ｃｍ）によりブレーン比表面積が５５００〜１１０００ｃｍ２／ｇになるように混合粉砕した。また、無水石膏／シリカフュームの質量比が２０／８０については、混合粉砕することなく、無水石膏粉末とシリカフュームとをＶ型混合機で単に混合したものも使用した。
[2] High strength admixture (A):
Preparation: Type II anhydrous gypsum powder (hydrofluoric acid anhydrous gypsum) and silica fume (manufactured by Elchem Co.) were mixed at a ratio of gypsum / silica fume mass ratio of 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 65/35, It changed into 80/20 and 95/5, and mixed and pulverized by a test ball mill (Φ30 × 30 cm) so that the specific surface area of the brain was 5500 to 11000 cm 2 / g. Further, when the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum / silica fume was 20/80, a mixture obtained by simply mixing anhydrous gypsum powder and silica fume with a V-type mixer was used without mixing and grinding.
また、市販品として、デンカΣ２０００（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比：２０／８０、電気化学工業（株）製）、ダイミックス（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比：６０／４０、昭和ＫＤＥ（株）製）、スーパーノンクレーブ（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比：５０／５０、住友大阪セメント（株）製）、ノンクレーブ（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比：９８／１、住友大阪セメント（株）製）を使用した。なお、記載した無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比は、ＪＩＳ Ｍ８８５２：１９９８「セラミック用高シリカ質原料の化学分析方法」に準じて、ＳＯ３及びＳｉＯ２を定量し、ＳＯ３量をＣａＳＯ４（無水石膏）に換算、またＳｉＯ２量は全て非晶質シリカ量とみなした。 As commercial products, Denka Σ2000 (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio: 20/80, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Dymix (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio: 60/40, Showa KDE), super nonclave (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio: 50/50, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.), nonclave (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio: 98/1), Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.) was used. The mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica described was determined according to JIS M8852: 1998 “Chemical analysis method of high siliceous raw material for ceramics”, and SO 3 and SiO 2 were quantified, and the amount of SO 3 was CaSO 4 In terms of (anhydrous gypsum), the amount of SiO 2 was regarded as the amount of amorphous silica.
［３］分散剤：
市販品のナフタレン系の高性能減水剤マイティＨＳ（花王（株）製）を使用した。
[3] Dispersant:
A commercially available naphthalene-based high-performance water reducing agent Mighty HS (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was used.
［４］骨材
粗骨材は、硬質砂岩砕石（ＪＩＳ Ａ ５００５：１９９３「コンクリート用砕石及び砕砂」による粒の大きさによる区分が砕石１５０５、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１１０：１９９９「粗骨材の密度及び吸水率試験方法」による密度が２．７２ｇ／ｃｍ３及び吸水率が０．５１％、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２：１９９９「骨材のふるい分け試験方法」による粗粒率が６．２１）を使用した。
[4] Aggregate Coarse aggregate is classified into hard sandstone crushed stone (JIS A 5005: 1993 “crushed stone for concrete and crushed sand” is classified according to the size of the crushed stone 1505, JIS A 1110: 1999 “rough aggregate density and water absorption. The density according to the “rate test method” was 2.72 g / cm 3 and the water absorption was 0.51%, and the coarse particle rate according to JIS A 1102: 1999 “Aggregate screening test method” was used.
また、細骨材としては砕砂（ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０９：１９９９「細骨材の密度及び吸水率試験方法」による密度が２．６４ｇ／ｃｍ３及び吸水率が１．２５％、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２：１９９９「骨材のふるい分け試験方法」による粗粒率が２．７５）を使用した。 The fine aggregate is crushed sand (JIS A 1109: 1999 “Density and water absorption test method for fine aggregate” has a density of 2.64 g / cm 3 and a water absorption of 1.25%, JIS A 1102: 1999 “ The coarse particle ratio according to “Aggregate screening test method” was 2.75).
〔コンクリートの練混ぜ〕
セメント、混和材、細骨材及び粗骨材を二軸強制練りミキサ（容量：５０リットル）に投入し、３０秒間攪拌した後、練混ぜ水及び混和剤を投入し、４分間練混ぜ、コンクリートを作製した。このうち、単位水量には練混ぜ水量（水道水）に分散剤（水溶液タイプ）に由来する水量が加算されている。
[Mixing concrete]
Cement, admixture, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are put into a biaxial forced kneading mixer (capacity: 50 liters), stirred for 30 seconds, then mixed with water and admixture, mixed for 4 minutes, concrete Was made. Of these, the amount of water derived from the dispersant (aqueous solution type) is added to the amount of mixing water (tap water).
〔供試体の作製〕
強度試験用円柱供試体は内径Φ１０×長さ２０ｃｍの型枠にコンクリートを充填し、テーブルバイブレータにより振動締固めを行った。一方、遠心力成形体（外径Φ２０×長さ３０×厚さ４ｃｍ）はその型枠に所定量のコンクリートを投入し、２Ｇ−３ｍｉｎ、１０Ｇ−１ｍｉｎ、２０Ｇ−１ｍｉｎ及び３０Ｇ−５ｍｉｎの条件下で遠心力成形を行った。
成形状況は供試体断面における締固め性状、空洞部（円筒）内面の平滑性（例：波打ちの有無）及びスラッジ発生状況等で判断し、一部の遠心力成形供試体については圧縮強度の試験に供した。
[Preparation of specimen]
The strength test column specimen was filled with concrete in a mold having an inner diameter of Φ10 × length of 20 cm, and subjected to vibration compaction by a table vibrator. On the other hand, the centrifugal force molded body (outer diameter Φ20 × length 30 × thickness 4 cm) is charged with a predetermined amount of concrete into the mold, and the conditions are 2G-3min, 10G-1min, 20G-1min and 30G-5min. Was subjected to centrifugal force molding.
The molding condition is judged by the compaction properties in the cross section of the specimen, the smoothness of the inner surface of the cavity (cylindrical) (eg, the presence or absence of undulations), the sludge generation situation, etc., and the compressive strength test of some centrifugally molded specimens It was used for.
〔前養生及び蒸気養生〕
強度試験用円柱供試体及び遠心力成形供試体は、２０℃で４時間前養生を行い、２０℃／ｈの昇温速度（３時間）で８０℃まで加熱し、８０℃で３時間保持したのち、降温速度１０℃／ｈ（６時間）で冷却した。
[Pre-curing and steam curing]
The cylindrical specimen for strength test and the centrifugal molded specimen were pre-cured at 20 ° C. for 4 hours, heated to 80 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C./h (3 hours), and held at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After that, it was cooled at a temperature drop rate of 10 ° C./h (6 hours).
〔圧縮強度試験〕
脱型直後及び引き続き７日間気中養生後の強度試験用円柱供試体はＪＩＳ Ａ １１０８：１９９９「コンクリートの圧縮強度試験方法」、遠心力成形供試体はＪＩＳ Ａ １１３６：１９９３「遠心力締固めコンクリートの圧縮試験方法」に準じ、圧縮強度試験を行った。
[Compressive strength test]
JIS A 1108: 1999 “Compression strength test method for concrete” is used for the strength test column specimens immediately after demolding and subsequently for 7 days in the air. Centrifugal molding specimens are JIS A 1136: 1993 “centrifugal compacted concrete. The compressive strength test was performed according to the “compression test method”.
なお、特記しない限り、下記条件を基準条件とした。なお、実施例及び比較例のコンクリート組成物単位量（ｋｇ／ｍ３）を表２に示す。 Unless otherwise specified, the following conditions were used as reference conditions. In addition, Table 2 shows the concrete composition unit amounts (kg / m 3 ) of Examples and Comparative Examples.
［１］普通ポルトランドセメント（４）：Ｃ３Ａ含有率１０質量％、Ｃ４ＡＦ含有率９質量％、間隙相含有率１９質量％、半水石膏割合６７質量％
［２］高強度混和材（Ａ）：デンカΣ２０００（無水石膏／非晶質シリカ質量比：２０／８０、電気化学工業（株）製、ブレーン比表面積４９００ｃｍ２／ｇ）
［３］分散剤：マイティＨＳ（花王（株）製、固形分量３５質量％）
［４］骨材：粗骨材の最大寸法（ＧＭＡＸ）１５ｍｍ、細骨材率（ｓ／ａ）３５質量％
［５］配合（単位量）：単位水量１２５ｋｇ／ｍ３、普通ポルトランドセメント６００ｋｇ／ｍ３、高強度混和材１００ｋｇ／ｍ３
[1] Normal Portland cement (4): C 3 A content 10 mass%, C 4 AF content 9 mass%, interstitial phase content 19 mass%, hemihydrate gypsum ratio 67 mass%
[2] High-strength admixture (A): Denka Σ2000 (anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica mass ratio: 20/80, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK, Blaine specific surface area 4900 cm 2 / g)
[3] Dispersant: Mighty HS (manufactured by Kao Corporation, solid content 35% by mass)
[4] Aggregate: Maximum size of coarse aggregate (G MAX ) 15 mm, fine aggregate rate (s / a) 35% by mass
[5] Formulation (unit amount): unit water amount 125 kg / m 3 , ordinary Portland cement 600 kg / m 3 , high strength admixture 100 kg / m 3
［参考例１〜７、比較例１、２］
普通ポルトランドセメントおよび市販の高強度混和材を使用し、その単位量を変えた場合の振動締固め成形品の圧縮強度，遠心成形供試体の圧縮強度および遠心成形性を表３に示す。なお、この場合、高強度混和材の添加割合も変えて試験し、所要水／結合材比（Ｗ／（Ｃ＋Ａ））との関係も評価した。
[ Reference Examples 1 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
Table 3 shows the compressive strength of the vibration compacted molded article, the compressive strength of the centrifugal molded specimen, and the centrifugal moldability when ordinary Portland cement and a commercially available high-strength admixture are used and the unit amount is changed. In this case, the addition ratio of the high-strength admixture was also changed, and the relationship with the required water / binding material ratio (W / (C + A)) was also evaluated.
比較例１（単位セメント量５００ｋｇ／ｍ３，水／結合材比２１．７％）は振動締固め成形品の強度発現性が低く好ましくない。
また、単位セメント量５５０ｋｇ／ｍ３では高強度混和材の添加割合（Ａ／Ｃ）を増加させることにより水／結合材比（Ｗ／（Ｃ＋Ａ））が低減でき、振動締固め成形品および遠心成形供試体の強度発現性が増加した（参考例１〜３）。
単位セメント量６００ｋｇ／ｍ３でも高強度混和材の添加割合（Ａ／Ｃ）を増加させることにより水／結合材比（Ｗ／（Ｃ＋Ａ））が低減でき、振動締固め成形品の強度発現性が増加した。（参考例４〜６）。
参考例７（単位水量１２５ｋｇ／ｍ３、単位セメント量６５０ｋｇ／ｍ３，水／結合材比１７．５％）は、分散剤が標準添加量の上限値ではあるものの，振動締固め成形品の強度発現性も良好であり，遠心成形供試体の成形も可能である。
比較例２（単位セメント量６９０ｋｇ／ｍ３，水／結合材比１５．７％）では振動締固め成形品の強度発現性は良いものの、遠心成形供試体の成形性が好ましくない。
Comparative Example 1 (unit cement amount 500 kg / m 3 , water / binder ratio 21.7%) is not preferable because the strength development of the vibration compacted molded product is low.
In addition, when the unit cement amount is 550 kg / m 3 , the water / binder ratio (W / (C + A)) can be reduced by increasing the addition ratio (A / C) of the high-strength admixture. The strength development property of the molded specimen increased ( Reference Examples 1 to 3).
Even with a unit cement amount of 600 kg / m 3 , the water / binder ratio (W / (C + A)) can be reduced by increasing the addition ratio (A / C) of the high-strength admixture, and the strength development of the vibration compacted molded product increased. ( Reference Examples 4 to 6).
In Reference Example 7 (unit water volume 125 kg / m 3 , unit cement amount 650 kg / m 3 , water / binder ratio 17.5%), although the dispersant is the upper limit of the standard addition amount, The strength development is also good, and it is possible to mold a centrifugal molded specimen.
In Comparative Example 2 (unit cement amount: 690 kg / m 3 , water / binding material ratio: 15.7%), although the strength development of the vibration compacted molded article is good, the moldability of the centrifugal molded specimen is not preferable.
［参考例８〜１１、比較例３、４］
普通ポルトランドセメントの石膏中の半水化率の異なるセメントを使用した場合の供試体の圧縮強度及び遠心成形性を表４に示す。比較例３（半水石膏割合が５質量％）では振動締固め成形及び遠心力成形品ともに強度発現性が低く、逆に比較例４（半水石膏割合が９８質量％）になると締固め性状及び圧縮強度ともに低下し好ましくない。
[ Reference Examples 8 to 11, Comparative Examples 3 and 4]
Table 4 shows the compressive strength and centrifugal moldability of the specimens when cements having different half-water ratios in ordinary Portland cement gypsum are used. In Comparative Example 3 (hemihydrate gypsum ratio is 5% by mass), both the vibration compaction molding and the centrifugally molded product have low strength development, and conversely in Comparative Example 4 (semihydrogypsum ratio is 98 % by mass) In addition, the compressive strength is undesirably lowered.
［参考例１２〜１５、比較例５、６］
普通ポルトランドセメント中の間隙相量の異なるセメントを使用した場合の供試体の圧縮強度及び遠心成形性を表５に示す。比較例５（間隙相含有率２４質量％）では振動締固め成形品は強度発現性に優れるものの、遠心力成形品の成形性が悪く、強度も低い。比較例６（間隙相含有率１６質量％）になると振動締固め成形品及び遠心成形品ともに圧縮強度が低下し好ましくない。
[ Reference Examples 12-15, Comparative Examples 5 and 6]
Table 5 shows the compressive strength and centrifugal moldability of the specimens when cements having different interstitial phase amounts in ordinary Portland cement are used. In Comparative Example 5 (gap phase content: 24% by mass), the vibration compacted molded article is excellent in strength development, but the moldability of the centrifugal molded article is poor and the strength is low. In Comparative Example 6 (gap phase content 16% by mass), both the compression compacted product and the centrifugal molded product are not preferable because the compressive strength decreases.
［実施例１６〜１９、参考例２０、比較例７、８］
高強度混和材のII型無水石膏（ＡＨ）とシリカフューム（ＳＦ）との割合を変えて、混合粉砕した場合についての振動成形品の圧縮強度を表６に示す。なお、参考例２０は、II型無水石膏粉末（３８４０ｃｍ２／ｇ）とシリカフューム（ＢＥＴ比表面積：１６ｍ２／ｇ）をＶ型混合器で混合したものであり、混合粉砕していない場合である。
[Examples 16 to 19, Reference Example 20, Comparative Examples 7 and 8]
Table 6 shows the compressive strength of the vibration molded article when the ratio of the high-strength admixture type II anhydrous gypsum (AH) and silica fume (SF) was changed and mixed and pulverized. Reference Example 20 is a case where II type anhydrous gypsum powder (3840 cm 2 / g) and silica fume (BET specific surface area: 16 m 2 / g) are mixed with a V type mixer and are not mixed and pulverized. .
無水石膏とシリカフュームとの質量比が１０／９０或は９５／５の比較例７、比較例８は圧縮強度が低く、高強度混和材の無水石膏とシリカフュームとの質量比の適正領域は１５／８５〜８５／１５であることが判る。また、この質量比は、２０／８０〜６５／３５の範囲のものが、圧縮強度をより高くすることができた。また、参考例２０は、無水石膏とシリカフュームとの質量比が２０／８０であっても、混合粉砕したものではないため、混合粉砕した実施例１６よりも、圧縮強度が若干低い。 Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 8 in which the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum and silica fume is 10/90 or 95/5 have a low compressive strength, and the appropriate range of the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum and silica fume as a high-strength admixture is 15 / It turns out that it is 85-85 / 15. In addition, this mass ratio in the range of 20/80 to 65/35 was able to increase the compressive strength. Moreover, since the reference example 20 was not mixed and pulverized even when the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum and silica fume was 20/80, the compressive strength was slightly lower than that of the mixed and pulverized Example 16.
［参考例２１〜２３、比較例９］
市販の高強度混和材を使用した場合の振動成形供試体の圧縮強度を表７に示す。高強度混和材銘柄としてはデンカΣ２０００、スーパーノンクレーブ及びダイミックス（参考例２１〜２３）が好ましく、換言すれば無水石膏／非晶質シリカの質量比が大き過ぎるノンクレーブ（比較例９）は好ましくなかった。
[ Reference Examples 21 to 23, Comparative Example 9]
Table 7 shows the compressive strength of the vibration molded specimen when a commercially available high-strength admixture is used. As the high-strength admixture brand, Denka Σ2000, super non-clave and die mix ( Reference Examples 21 to 23) are preferable. In other words, non-clave (Comparative Example 9) having an excessive mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum / amorphous silica is preferable. There wasn't.
Claims (4)
普通ポルトランドセメントの石膏中の半水石膏割合が２０〜９５質量％、間隙相含有率が１７〜２３質量％、単位セメント量が５１０〜６８０ｋｇ／ｍ３であり、
高強度混和材は無水石膏とシリカフュームとを混合粉砕したものであり、無水石膏／シリカフュームの質量比が１５／８５〜９０／１０であり、
分散剤がナフタレン系分散剤であり、
水／（普通ポルトランドセメント＋高強度混和材）質量比が１６.０〜２１.５％であることを特徴とする高強度遠心力成形用コンクリート組成物。 Ordinary portland cement, high strength admixture, dispersant, looking containing aggregate and water, a high-strength centrifugal molding concrete composition without fly ash,
Hemihydrate gypsum ratio of the gypsum ordinary portland cement is from 20 to 95% by weight, interstitial phase content is 17 to 23 mass%, the amount of the unit cement is 510~680kg / m 3,
The high-strength admixture is obtained by mixing and crushing anhydrous gypsum and silica fume, and the mass ratio of anhydrous gypsum / silica fume is 15/85 to 90/10,
The dispersant is a naphthalene dispersant,
A concrete composition for forming high-strength centrifugal force characterized by having a water / (ordinary Portland cement + high-strength admixture) mass ratio of 16.0 to 21.5%.
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