JP5447845B2 - Surface coated cutting tool - Google Patents

Surface coated cutting tool Download PDF

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JP5447845B2
JP5447845B2 JP2010071903A JP2010071903A JP5447845B2 JP 5447845 B2 JP5447845 B2 JP 5447845B2 JP 2010071903 A JP2010071903 A JP 2010071903A JP 2010071903 A JP2010071903 A JP 2010071903A JP 5447845 B2 JP5447845 B2 JP 5447845B2
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brazing
cutting
cbn
hard film
tool
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満康 西山
秀充 高岡
義一 岡田
卓司 佐伯
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Description

本発明は、切刃を構成する立方晶窒化ほう素(以下、cBNで示す)基超高圧焼結材(以下、cBN焼結材で示す)を超硬合金母材にろう付けで接合し、かつ、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材の表面に硬質被覆層を物理蒸着で形成した表面被覆切削工具(以下、cBN被覆工具という)に関する。   In the present invention, a cubic boron nitride (hereinafter referred to as cBN) based ultra high pressure sintered material (hereinafter referred to as cBN sintered material) constituting a cutting blade is joined to a cemented carbide base material by brazing, In addition, the present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a cBN-coated tool) in which a hard coating layer is formed by physical vapor deposition on the surfaces of a cBN sintered material and a cemented carbide base material.

従来、鋼、鋳鉄等の鉄系被削材の切削加工には、被削材との親和性の低い工具材料として、cBN焼結材を用いることが知られており、耐摩耗性の向上、工具寿命の改善等の観点から、工具表面に硬質被覆層を物理蒸着で形成したcBN被覆工具も良く知られている。
例えば、特許文献1に示すように、cBN焼結材の表面に、4a族金属の窒化物、炭窒化物等の硬質被覆層を形成した高温耐塑性変形性、耐摩耗性、耐欠損性に優れたcBN被覆工具が知られている。
また、特許文献2に示すように、cBN焼結材の表面に、4a、5a、6a族金属、Al及びSiから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素の炭化物、窒化物等からなる硬質被覆層を形成した耐摩耗性、耐欠損性に優れたcBN被覆工具も知られている。
ただ、上記従来のcBN被覆工具においては、cBN焼結材は、通常、超硬合金母材にろう付けで接合されるが、例えば、切刃に高負荷が作用する切削条件で用いられた場合には、ろう付け部からクラックが発生し、このため工具寿命が短いという問題点があった。
また、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材をろう付けで接合したcBN工具において、例えば、特許文献3に示されるように、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材とのろう付け部の起立側面と底面の交差角を、cBN焼結材の背面と底面の交差角よりも小さくすることにより、ろう付け部のコーナを掘り下げずにcBN焼結材の背面下側エッジ部を受け入れるぬすみ部を形成することにより、ろう付け時にcBN焼結材に亀裂、割れが発生するのを防止するようにしたcBN工具も知られている。
Conventionally, it is known to use a cBN sintered material as a tool material having a low affinity with a work material for cutting of a steel work material such as steel and cast iron, improving wear resistance, From the viewpoint of improving the tool life and the like, a cBN-coated tool in which a hard coating layer is formed on the tool surface by physical vapor deposition is also well known.
For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, high-temperature plastic deformation resistance, wear resistance, and fracture resistance in which a hard coating layer such as a nitride or carbonitride of a group 4a metal is formed on the surface of a cBN sintered material. Excellent cBN coated tools are known.
Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, a hard coating layer made of carbide, nitride, or the like of at least one metal element selected from 4a, 5a, 6a group metals, Al and Si is provided on the surface of the cBN sintered material. A cBN-coated tool having excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance is also known.
However, in the conventional cBN-coated tool described above, the cBN sintered material is usually joined to the cemented carbide base material by brazing, but, for example, when used under cutting conditions in which a high load acts on the cutting blade. However, there was a problem that a crack was generated from the brazed portion and the tool life was short.
Further, in a cBN tool in which a cBN sintered material and a cemented carbide base material are joined by brazing, for example, as shown in Patent Document 3, standing of a brazed portion between the cBN sintered material and the cemented carbide base material is established. By making the crossing angle between the side surface and the bottom surface smaller than the crossing angle between the back surface and the bottom surface of the cBN sintered material, a slack portion for receiving the back lower edge portion of the cBN sintered material without digging down the corner of the brazing portion. There is also known a cBN tool which is formed to prevent cracks and cracks from occurring in the cBN sintered material during brazing.

特開平6−330321号公報JP-A-6-330321 特開2006−263857号公報JP 2006-263857 A 特開2000−52112号公報JP 2000-52112 A

近年の切削加工装置のFA化はめざましく、一方で切削加工に対する省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化の要求は強く、これに伴い、切削加工は、通常の切削条件に加えて、より厳しい条件下での切削加工がおこなわれる傾向にあるが、特に、物理蒸着で硬質膜を形成した上記従来のcBN被覆工具においては、通常条件下での切削加工に用いた場合には特段の問題は生じないが、これを、切刃に高負荷が作用する高速断続切削に用いた場合には、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材とのろう付け部にクラックが発生し、これの進展によりcBN被覆工具が破損し、そのため、比較的短寿命であり、長期の使用に亘って十分な切削性能を発揮し得ないという問題点があった。
そして、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材とのろう付け部に、前記特許文献3に示された改善を試みても、ろう付け時のクラック発生は防止し得るものの、切削加工時のクラック発生、亀裂の進展は抑制することができず、依然として工具寿命の延命化を図れないという問題点があった。
したがって、長期の使用に亘って、すぐれた切削性能を発揮させるためには、cBN被覆工具において、ろう付け部からのクラックの発生を防止するとともに、亀裂の進展を抑制することが大きな課題となっている。
In recent years, the use of FA for cutting machines has been remarkable. On the other hand, there are strong demands for labor saving and energy saving and further cost reduction for cutting, and as a result, cutting has become more severe in addition to normal cutting conditions. In particular, the conventional cBN coated tool in which a hard film is formed by physical vapor deposition has a particular problem when used for cutting under normal conditions. However, when this is used for high-speed intermittent cutting in which a high load acts on the cutting edge, a crack is generated in the brazed portion between the cBN sintered material and the cemented carbide base material, and this progresses to cBN. The coated tool is damaged, so that there is a problem that it has a relatively short life and cannot exhibit sufficient cutting performance over a long period of use.
And, even if the improvement shown in Patent Document 3 is attempted in the brazed portion between the cBN sintered material and the cemented carbide base material, cracks during brazing can be prevented, but cracks during cutting work can be prevented. The generation of cracks and cracks cannot be suppressed, and there is still a problem that the tool life cannot be extended.
Therefore, in order to exhibit excellent cutting performance over a long period of use, in cBN coated tools, it is a major issue to prevent the occurrence of cracks from the brazed portion and to suppress the progress of cracks. ing.

本発明者等は、物理蒸着で硬質膜を形成したcBN被覆工具のろう付け部からのクラック発生防止、亀裂の進展抑制の観点から鋭意研究を進めたところ、次のような知見を得た。   The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of cracks from the brazed portion of a cBN-coated tool having a hard film formed by physical vapor deposition and suppressing the progress of cracks, and have obtained the following knowledge.

まず、本発明者等は、物理蒸着で硬質膜を形成したcBN被覆工具のろう付け部の破損は、切刃に高負荷が作用する切削時に、まず、硬質膜に発生したクラックが起点となり、これがろう付け部のろう材に伝播し、物理蒸着で形成された硬質膜とろう付け部のろう材との界面に存在する残留応力が引き金となり、ろう付け部のろう材へのクラック、亀裂が進展し、これが破損の主たる原因であることを突き止めた。
そこで、本発明者等は、ろう付け部のろう材へのクラック伝播、亀裂の進展を抑制するためには、硬質膜とろう付け部のろうとの界面における残留応力を緩和しておくことが効果的であると考え、更に検討を進めたところ、cBN焼結材と超硬合金母材とをろう付け部で接合し、その表面に物理蒸着で硬質膜を形成した後、ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材と接する硬質膜の一部を表面処理技術、例えば、ウエットブラストやショットピーニング処理等で除去することによって、硬質膜とろう材との界面に発生する残留応力が緩和され、その結果、高負荷が作用する切削条件下でも、ろう材中へのクラック、亀裂の進展は抑制され、工具寿命の延命化が図れることを見出したのである。
First, the inventors of the present invention have found that the breakage of the brazed part of the cBN-coated tool in which a hard film is formed by physical vapor deposition starts with cracks generated in the hard film at the time of cutting when a high load acts on the cutting edge. This propagates to the brazing material of the brazing part, and the residual stress existing at the interface between the hard film formed by physical vapor deposition and the brazing material of the brazing part triggers the cracks and cracks in the brazing material of the brazing part. Progressed and determined that this was the main cause of breakage.
Therefore, the present inventors have the effect of relaxing the residual stress at the interface between the hard film and the brazing portion in order to suppress the crack propagation to the brazing material of the brazing portion and the progress of the crack. As a result, the cBN sintered material and the cemented carbide base material were joined at the brazing part and a hard film was formed on the surface by physical vapor deposition. Then, the surface of the brazing part By removing a part of the hard film in contact with the brazing material exposed to the surface by a surface treatment technique such as wet blasting or shot peening treatment, residual stress generated at the interface between the hard film and the brazing material is alleviated. As a result, it has been found that even under cutting conditions where a high load acts, cracks in the brazing material and the progress of cracks are suppressed, and the tool life can be extended.

本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたものであって、
「(1) 立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料からなる工具基体と超硬合金母材とをろう付け部のろう材で接合し、かつ、工具基体と超硬合金母材の表面に硬質膜を物理蒸着で形成した表面被覆切削工具において、
上記ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材の全表面積をAとし、該表面に露出するろう材のうちで硬質膜と接するろう材の全表面積をBとした場合に、B/Aが0.05≦B/A≦0.8であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(2) 上記硬質膜が、Tiの窒化物層、Tiの炭窒化物層およびTiとAlの複合窒化物層のうちの何れか一層または二層以上からなる前記(1)に記載の表面被覆切削工具。」
を特徴とするものである。
The present invention has been made based on the above findings,
“(1) Joining a tool base made of cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material and a cemented carbide base material with a brazing material in the brazed portion, and then attaching the tool base to the surface of the cemented carbide base material In surface-coated cutting tools in which a hard film is formed by physical vapor deposition,
When the total surface area of the brazing material exposed on the surface of the brazing part is A and the total surface area of the brazing material in contact with the hard film among the brazing materials exposed on the surface is B, B / A is 0. A surface-coated cutting tool, wherein 05 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.8.
(2) The surface coating according to (1), wherein the hard film is composed of one or more of a Ti nitride layer, a Ti carbonitride layer, and a Ti and Al composite nitride layer. Cutting tools. "
It is characterized by.

以下、本発明について、図1、図2とともに説明する。   The present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料(cBN焼結材):
図1において、cBN焼結材(1)中の立方晶窒化ほう素(cBN)は、きわめて硬質で、焼結材料中で分散相を形成し、そしてこの分散相によって耐摩耗性の向上に寄与する。
cBN焼結材(1)中の他の構成成分、例えば、結合相等としては、周期律表VIa、Va、IVa族元素の窒化物、炭化物、硼化物、酸化物ならびにこれらの固溶体からなる群の中から選択された少なくとも1種とアルミニウム化合物のセラミックス系結合材を用いることができる。
cBN焼結材(1)のcBNの組成、その他の構成成分の種類、組成については、特に制限はなく通常使用されているcBN焼結材を用いることができる。
Cubic boron nitride based ultra-high pressure sintered material (cBN sintered material):
In FIG. 1, cubic boron nitride (cBN) in the cBN sintered material (1) is extremely hard, forms a dispersed phase in the sintered material, and contributes to improvement of wear resistance by this dispersed phase. To do.
The other constituents in the sintered cBN material (1), for example, the binder phase, include nitrides, carbides, borides, oxides of the periodic table VIa, Va, IVa group elements, and solid solutions thereof. A ceramic binder of at least one selected from the above and an aluminum compound can be used.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the composition of cBN of a cBN sintered material (1), the kind of other component, and a composition, The cBN sintered material currently used normally can be used.

超硬合金母材:
超硬合金母材(2)としては、例えば、Co:5質量%、TaC:5質量%、WC:残りの組成からなるタングステンカーバイド基超硬合金を用いることができるが、通常使用されている超硬合金母材(2)であればよく、その成分、組成等について特に制限するものではない。
超硬合金母材(2)は、例えば、CIS規格SNGA120412の形状(厚さ:4.76mm×一辺長さ:12.7mmの正方形)をもったWC基超硬合金製インサートとして作製し、そのろう付け部(3)において、ろう材(4)を用いて上記cBN焼結材をろう付け接合する。
Cemented carbide base material:
As the cemented carbide base material (2), for example, Co: 5 mass%, TaC: 5 mass%, WC: tungsten carbide based cemented carbide composed of the remaining composition can be used, but it is usually used. The cemented carbide base material (2) may be used, and the component, composition, etc. are not particularly limited.
The cemented carbide base material (2) is produced, for example, as a WC-based cemented carbide insert having the shape of CIS standard SNGA120212 (thickness: 4.76 mm × one side length: 12.7 mm square) In the brazing portion (3), the cBN sintered material is brazed and joined using the brazing material (4).

ろう材:
ろう材(4)としては、すでによく知られているろう材、例えば、重量%で、20〜30%Ti、20〜30%Zr(あるいは更に10〜30%Ni)を含有するCu合金からなるろう材、あるいは、0.5〜20%Ti、0.5〜20%Zr、10〜40%Cuを含有するAg合金からなるろう材、を用いることができる。
そして、上記cBN焼結材(1)と超硬合金母材(2)をろう材(4)を介して密着させ、真空雰囲気中、Ar雰囲気中で加熱することによって、ろう付け部(3)において、上記cBN焼結材(1)と超硬合金母材(2)をろう材(4)を介して接合する。
Brazing material:
The brazing material (4) is a brazing material that is already well known, for example, a Cu alloy containing 20 to 30% Ti, 20 to 30% Zr (or even 10 to 30% Ni) by weight%. A brazing material or a brazing material made of an Ag alloy containing 0.5 to 20% Ti, 0.5 to 20% Zr, and 10 to 40% Cu can be used.
The cBN sintered material (1) and the cemented carbide base material (2) are brought into close contact with each other through the brazing material (4), and heated in a vacuum atmosphere and an Ar atmosphere, whereby the brazing portion (3). In the above, the cBN sintered material (1) and the cemented carbide base material (2) are joined through the brazing material (4).

硬質膜の成膜:
図2に示すように、ろう付け部(3)で接合されたcBN焼結材(1)と超硬合金母材(2)の表面に、物理蒸着、例えば、アークイオンプレーティングにより硬質膜(6)をまず成膜する。
なお、ろう付け部(3)で接合されたcBN焼結材(1)と超硬合金母材(2)との間には、通常、200μm以下の幅のろう材が充填され、かつ、表面に露出する接合界面(5)が形成されるが、上記で言う“ろう付け部(3)で接合されたcBN焼結材(1)と超硬合金母材(2)の表面”とは、ろう付け部(3)においてろう材(4)が表面に露出する接合界面(5)の表面をも含むものである。
硬質膜(6)としては、例えば、Tiの窒化物層、Tiの炭窒化物層およびTiとAlの複合窒化物層のうちの何れか一層または二層以上を設けることができるが、成膜する硬質膜の種類は上記のものに限定されるわけではなく、他のいかなる硬質膜でも構わない。
なお、TiとAlの複合窒化物層を形成する場合、これを
組成式:(Ti1−XAl)N
で表した場合には、Xの値(但し、原子比)が0.65を超えると、結晶構造の変化により膜の高温強度が低下し欠損を生じやすくなり、また、Xの値(但し、原子比)が0.15未満では膜の高温硬さと耐熱性が低下し、その結果、耐摩耗性の低下がみられるようになることから、Xの値(但し、原子比)は0.15〜0.65の範囲内とすることが望ましい。
また、硬質膜(6)の層厚についても特に制限するものではないが、耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性の観点からは、1〜5μmの層厚とすることが望ましい。
Hard film deposition:
As shown in FIG. 2, a hard film (for example, arc ion plating) is applied to the surfaces of the sintered cBN material (1) and the cemented carbide base material (2) joined by the brazing part (3). First, 6) is formed.
In addition, between the cBN sintered material (1) and the cemented carbide base material (2) joined by the brazing part (3), a brazing material having a width of 200 μm or less is usually filled, and the surface The bonding interface (5) exposed to the surface is formed, and the “surface of the cBN sintered material (1) and the cemented carbide base material (2) bonded at the brazing portion (3)” is as described above. The brazing part (3) also includes the surface of the bonding interface (5) where the brazing material (4) is exposed on the surface.
As the hard film (6), for example, one or more of a Ti nitride layer, a Ti carbonitride layer, and a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al can be provided. The type of hard film to be used is not limited to the above, and any other hard film may be used.
In the case of forming a composite nitride layer of Ti and Al, which composition formula: (Ti 1-X Al X ) N
When the value of X (however, the atomic ratio) exceeds 0.65, the high-temperature strength of the film decreases due to the change in crystal structure, and defects tend to occur, and the value of X (however, If the atomic ratio is less than 0.15, the high temperature hardness and heat resistance of the film are reduced, and as a result, a decrease in wear resistance is observed. Therefore, the value of X (however, the atomic ratio) is 0.15. It is desirable to be within the range of ~ 0.65.
Also, the layer thickness of the hard film (6) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of chipping resistance and wear resistance, a layer thickness of 1 to 5 μm is desirable.

ろう材(4)と硬質膜(6)の接触面積:
この発明では、ろう材(4)と硬質膜(6)の接触面積の大小が大きな意味を持つ。
即ち、硬質膜(6)が物理蒸着で被覆されたcBN被覆工具においては、本発明の知見として既に述べたように、ろう付け部(3)のろう材(4)へのクラック伝播、亀裂の進展を抑制するためには、硬質膜(6)とろう付け部(3)のろう材(4)との界面における残留応力を緩和しておくことが効果的であり、そして、これによって、高負荷が作用する切削条件下でも、ろう材(4)中へのクラック、亀裂の進展は抑制され、工具寿命の延命化が図れるのである。
そして、硬質膜(6)とろう付け部(3)のろう材(4)との界面における残留応力の緩和は、表面処理技術、例えば、ウエットブラストやショットピーニング処理により、ろう付け部(3)の表面に露出するろう材(4)と接する硬質膜(6)の一部を除去し、ろう材(4)と硬質膜(6)の接触面積を少なくすることで実現できる。
具体的には、ろう付け部(3)の表面に露出するろう材(4)の全表面積をAとし、また、ろう付け部(3)の表面に露出するろう材(4)のうちで硬質膜(6)と接するろう材(4)の全表面積をBとした場合に、B/Aの値(接触面積比に相当する)を0.05〜0.8の範囲内とする。
B/Aの値が0.8を超え、ろう付け部(3)の表面に露出するろう材(4)の大部分が硬質膜(6)と接する従来の接触状態の場合には、ろう材(4)と物理蒸着で成膜した硬質膜(6)との界面における残留応力が大であるために、硬質膜(6)に発生したクラックがろう材(4)へ伝播し、ろう材(4)中で亀裂が進展し、ろう付け部(3)からの破損が発生する。このような観点から、B/Aの値はできるだけ小さい方が良く、0のとき最良といえるが、B/Aの値が0.05より小さいときには、表面処理条件が強すぎるためにロウ付け部以外の皮膜、例えば、切刃先端、すくい面表面に形成されている硬質被覆層も除去されることになり、cBN被覆工具全体としての耐摩耗性が低下し、工具寿命も短いものとなるため、B/Aの値を0.05〜0.8の範囲とした。
Contact area between brazing material (4) and hard film (6):
In the present invention, the size of the contact area between the brazing material (4) and the hard film (6) is significant.
That is, in the cBN coated tool in which the hard film (6) is coated by physical vapor deposition, as already described as the knowledge of the present invention, crack propagation to the brazing material (4) of the brazing part (3) In order to suppress the progress, it is effective to alleviate the residual stress at the interface between the hard film (6) and the brazing material (4) of the brazing part (3). Even under cutting conditions where a load acts, cracks in the brazing material (4) and the progress of cracks are suppressed, and the tool life can be extended.
And the relaxation of the residual stress at the interface between the hard film (6) and the brazing material (4) of the brazing part (3) can be achieved by surface treatment techniques such as wet blasting or shot peening treatment. This can be realized by removing a part of the hard film (6) in contact with the brazing material (4) exposed on the surface of the solder and reducing the contact area between the brazing material (4) and the hard film (6).
Specifically, A is the total surface area of the brazing material (4) exposed on the surface of the brazing part (3), and the brazing material (4) exposed on the surface of the brazing part (3) is hard. When the total surface area of the brazing material (4) in contact with the film (6) is B, the value of B / A (corresponding to the contact area ratio) is set in the range of 0.05 to 0.8.
In the case of a conventional contact state where the value of B / A exceeds 0.8 and most of the brazing material (4) exposed on the surface of the brazing part (3) is in contact with the hard film (6), the brazing material Since the residual stress at the interface between (4) and the hard film (6) formed by physical vapor deposition is large, cracks generated in the hard film (6) propagate to the brazing material (4), and the brazing material ( 4) Cracks develop inside and breakage from the brazed part (3) occurs. From this point of view, it is better that the B / A value is as small as possible, and it is best when it is 0. However, when the B / A value is less than 0.05, the surface treatment conditions are too strong, and the brazing portion Other coatings such as the cutting edge tip and the hard coating layer formed on the surface of the rake face will also be removed, and the wear resistance of the entire cBN-coated tool will be reduced and the tool life will be shortened. The value of B / A was in the range of 0.05 to 0.8.

表面処理技術、例えば、ウエットブラストによる処理の場合には以下のような条件で行うとよい。
ブラストの噴射圧力を0.2〜0.24MPa、噴射時間を10〜20secとし、これを3〜5回繰り返す。圧力が0.2MPa未満、時間が10sec未満、あるいは繰り返し回数が2回以下だと、ブラストの効果が弱く、B/Aが0.8より大きくなり、また、圧力が0.24MPaより大きく、時間が20secより長く、繰り返し回数が6回以上だと、ブラストが強すぎるため、切刃先端、すくい面表面に形成されている硬質被覆層も除去されてしまう。
なお、ブラストに使用したスラリーは、アルミナ粒子を使用しており、粒子径が220〜1500番、スラリー濃度は15〜60wt%である。
In the case of a surface treatment technique such as wet blasting, the following conditions may be used.
The blast injection pressure is set to 0.2 to 0.24 MPa, the injection time is set to 10 to 20 seconds, and this is repeated 3 to 5 times. If the pressure is less than 0.2 MPa, the time is less than 10 sec, or the number of repetitions is 2 times or less, the blasting effect is weak, B / A is greater than 0.8, and the pressure is greater than 0.24 MPa. Is longer than 20 sec and the number of repetitions is 6 times or more, the blasting is too strong, so that the hard coating layer formed on the tip of the cutting edge and the surface of the rake face is also removed.
In addition, the slurry used for the blasting uses alumina particles, the particle diameter is 220 to 1500, and the slurry concentration is 15 to 60 wt%.

上記のとおり、本発明のcBN被覆工具は、cBN焼結材からなる工具基体と超硬合金母材とをろう付け部のろう材で接合し、かつ、工具基体と超硬合金母材の表面に硬質膜を物理蒸着で形成した表面被覆切削工具において、ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材の全表面積Aと、該表面に露出するろう材のうちで硬質膜と接するろう材の全表面積Bの比の値B/Aを0.05〜0.8にしていることから、硬質膜とろう付け部のろう材との界面における残留応力が緩和され、これによって、高負荷が作用する切削条件下でも、ろう材中へのクラック、亀裂の進展は抑制され、その結果として、工具寿命の延命化を図ることができるのである。   As described above, the cBN-coated tool of the present invention joins a tool base made of a cBN sintered material and a cemented carbide base material with a brazing material of a brazing portion, and also has a surface of the tool base and the cemented carbide base material. In the surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard film is formed by physical vapor deposition, the total surface area A of the brazing material exposed on the surface of the brazing portion and the total surface area of the brazing material in contact with the hard film among the brazing materials exposed on the surface Since the ratio value B / A of B is set to 0.05 to 0.8, the residual stress at the interface between the hard film and the brazing material of the brazing portion is relieved, and thereby, cutting with a high load acts. Even under the conditions, cracks in the brazing material and the progress of cracks are suppressed, and as a result, the tool life can be extended.

本発明の表面被覆切削工具のろう付け部近傍の概観を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the brazing part vicinity of the surface coating cutting tool of this invention. 本発明の表面被覆切削工具のろう付け部の部分拡大図である。It is the elements on larger scale of the brazing part of the surface covering cutting tool of this invention. 本発明の表面被覆切削工具のろう付け部上の硬質膜剥離部を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the hard film peeling part on the brazing part of the surface coating cutting tool of this invention.

以下に、本発明の表面被覆切削工具を実施例に基づいて説明する。   Below, the surface covering cutting tool of this invention is demonstrated based on an Example.

原料粉末として、いずれも0.5〜4μmの範囲内の平均粒径を有するcBN粉末、TiN粉末、AlN粉末、Ni粉末、Al粉末、Co粉末、W粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を表1に示される配合組成に配合し、ボールミルで80時間湿式混合し、乾燥した後、120MPaの圧力で直径:50mm×厚さ:1.5mmの寸法をもった圧粉体にプレス成形し、ついでこの圧粉体を、圧力:1Paの真空雰囲気中、900〜1300℃の範囲内の所定温度に60分間保持の条件で焼結して切刃片用予備焼結体とし、この予備焼結体を、別途用意した、Co:8質量%、WC:残りの組成、並びに直径:50mm×厚さ:2mmの寸法をもったWC基超硬合金製支持片と重ね合わせた状態で、通常の超高圧焼結装置に装入し、通常の条件である圧力:4GPa、温度:1200〜1400℃の範囲内の所定温度に保持時間:0.8時間の条件で超高圧焼結し、焼結後上下面をダイヤモンド砥石を用いて研磨し、ワイヤー放電加工装置またはダイヤモンド切断機にて一辺3mmの正三角形状に分割し、さらにCo:5質量%、TaC:5質量%、WC:残りの組成およびCIS規格SNGA120412の形状(厚さ:4.76mm×一辺長さ:12.7mmの正方形)をもったWC基超硬合金製インサート本体のろう付け部(コーナー部)に、質量%で、Cu:26%、Ti:5%、Ni:2.5%、Ag:残りからなる組成を有するAg合金のろう材を用いてろう付けし、所定寸法に外周加工した後、切刃部に幅:0.13mm、角度:25°のホーニング加工を施し、さらに仕上げ研摩を施すことによりISO規格SNGA120412のインサート形状をもつ本発明cBN工具基体1〜10を製造した。   As the raw material powder, cBN powder, TiN powder, AlN powder, Ni powder, Al powder, Co powder, and W powder each having an average particle diameter in the range of 0.5 to 4 μm are prepared. The mixture is blended in the composition shown in FIG. 1, wet mixed with a ball mill for 80 hours, dried, and then pressed into a green compact having a diameter of 50 mm × thickness: 1.5 mm under a pressure of 120 MPa. The green compact is sintered in a vacuum atmosphere at a pressure of 1 Pa at a predetermined temperature within a range of 900 to 1300 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a presintered body for a cutting edge piece. In addition, Co: 8% by mass, WC: remaining composition, and diameter: 50 mm × thickness: 2 mm, superposed on a WC-based cemented carbide support piece with a normal super-high pressure Charged into the sintering machine and under normal conditions Force: 4 GPa, temperature: Presence at a predetermined temperature in the range of 1200-1400 ° C. Holding time: 0.8 hours under high pressure sintering, after sintering, the upper and lower surfaces are polished with a diamond grindstone, and wire electric discharge machining It is divided into equilateral triangles with a side of 3 mm by an apparatus or a diamond cutter, and further Co: 5% by mass, TaC: 5% by mass, WC: remaining composition and shape of CIS standard SNGA120212 (thickness: 4.76 mm × one side) Cu: 26%, Ti: 5%, Ni: 2.5% in the brazing part (corner part) of the WC-base cemented carbide insert body having a length of 12.7 mm square) , Ag: brazing using a brazing material of an Ag alloy having the remaining composition, and after processing the outer periphery to a predetermined dimension, the honing process is performed on the cutting edge portion with a width of 0.13 mm and an angle of 25 °. Finish polishing By applying the present invention, the present invention cBN tool bases 1 to 10 having an insert shape of ISO standard SNGA120212 were manufactured.

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

ついで、上記本発明cBN工具基体1〜10を、物理蒸着装置の一種であるアークイオンプレーティング(AIP)装置内に自転公転自在に支持装着し、
まず、装置内を真空排気して0.5Paの真空に保持しながら、ヒーターで装置内を500℃に加熱した後、Arガスを導入し、1.5PaのArガス雰囲気とし、cBN工具基体1に−100Vの直流バイアス電圧を印加して、前記cBN工具基体をArガスボンバード洗浄し、
ついで、前記装置内でアークイオンプレーティングを行い、表2に示される所定の目標層厚、層種別の硬質膜を形成した。
Next, the above-described cBN tool bases 1 to 10 of the present invention are supported and mounted in an arc ion plating (AIP) apparatus which is a kind of physical vapor deposition apparatus so as to be able to rotate and revolve.
First, while the inside of the apparatus is evacuated and kept at a vacuum of 0.5 Pa, the inside of the apparatus is heated to 500 ° C. with a heater, Ar gas is introduced to form an Ar gas atmosphere of 1.5 Pa, and the cBN tool base 1 A DC bias voltage of −100V is applied to the cBN tool substrate to clean the Ar gas bombardment,
Next, arc ion plating was performed in the apparatus to form a hard film having a predetermined target layer thickness and layer type shown in Table 2.

ついで、上記硬質膜を形成した本発明cBN工具基体1〜10に対して、表3に示す噴射圧力、噴射時間にてアルミナ粒子を用いたウエットブラスト処理を施し、図3に示すように、ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材と接する硬質膜の一部を除去することにより、表4に示すISO規格SNGA120412に規定するスローアウエイチップ形状の本発明cBN被覆工具1〜10(本発明1〜10という)を作製した。   Next, the present cBN tool bases 1 to 10 having the hard film formed thereon were subjected to wet blasting treatment using alumina particles at the injection pressure and injection time shown in Table 3, and as shown in FIG. By removing a part of the hard film in contact with the brazing material exposed on the surface of the affixed portion, the present invention cBN-coated tools 1 to 10 (the present invention 1 to 10) having a throwaway tip shape defined in ISO standard SNGA12041 shown in Table 4 10).

上記本発明1〜10について、ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材の全表面積Aおよび該表面に露出するろう材のうちで硬質膜と接するろう材の全表面積Bを市販の画像寸法測定ソフト付デジタルマイクロスコープ、例えば、キーエンス社製の機種VHX−100を用いてろう材部近傍を観察し、上記面積A、Bに該当する部分を選択して数値化することにより、B/Aの値を算出した。
表4に、B/Aの値を示す。
Regarding the present inventions 1 to 10, the total surface area A of the brazing material exposed on the surface of the brazing part and the total surface area B of the brazing material that is in contact with the hard film among the brazing materials exposed on the surface are commercially available image size measurement software. The value of B / A is obtained by observing the vicinity of the brazing filler metal part using an attached digital microscope, for example, Keyence model VHX-100, and selecting and quantifying the part corresponding to the areas A and B. Was calculated.
Table 4 shows the value of B / A.

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

比較のため、実施例で使用した硬質膜を形成したcBN工具基体1〜8に対して、表5に示す条件でウエットブラスト処理を施し、ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材と接する硬質膜の一部あるいは全部を除去した表6に示す比較例cBN被覆工具1〜6(比較例1〜8)を作製した。また、比較例1〜8についてもB/Aの値を算出し、その値を表6に示す。また比較例1〜5はブラストの効果が強すぎるためにロウ付け部だけではなく、切刃先端、すくい面表面に形成されている硬質被覆層にも剥離が存在する。
さらに比較のため、実施例で使用した硬質膜を形成したcBN工具基体9,10に対しては、ウエットブラスト処理を施さないで、これをこのまま比較例cBN被覆工具9,10(比較例9,10)として用いた。なお、当然のことながら比較例9,10では、B/A=1である。
For comparison, the cBN tool bases 1 to 8 formed with the hard film used in the examples were subjected to wet blasting under the conditions shown in Table 5, and the hard film in contact with the brazing material exposed on the surface of the brazed portion. Comparative Example cBN-coated tools 1 to 6 (Comparative Examples 1 to 8) shown in Table 6 from which a part or all of the above were removed were prepared. Further, B / A values were also calculated for Comparative Examples 1 to 8, and the values are shown in Table 6. In Comparative Examples 1 to 5, since the effect of blasting is too strong, peeling occurs not only in the brazed part but also in the hard coating layer formed on the tip of the cutting edge and the surface of the rake face.
Further, for comparison, the cBN tool bases 9 and 10 on which the hard films used in the examples were formed were not subjected to the wet blasting process, and the cBN tool bases 9 and 10 (Comparative Examples 9 and 10) were used as they were. 10). Of course, in Comparative Examples 9 and 10, B / A = 1.

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

上記の本発明1〜10および比較例1〜10を用い、以下の切削条件で切削加工試験を実施した。
《切削条件1》
被削材:JIS・SUJ2の長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒(硬さ:HA60)、
切削速度: 180 m/min、
送り: 0.25 mm/rev、
切込み: 0.18 mm、
切削時間: 4 分
の条件での、焼入れ軸受鋼の湿式高速断続切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は、120m/min)、
《切削条件2》
被削材:JIS・SCM420の長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒(硬さ:HA60)、
切削速度: 220 m/min、
送り: 0.20 mm/rev、
切込み: 0.20 mm、
切削時間: 4 分
の条件で、高硬度クロム鋼の湿式高速断続切削加工試験(通常の切削速度は、180m/min)、
を行い、切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。
上記切削条件1,2による切削加工試験の測定結果を表7に示した。なお逃げ面摩耗幅が0.15mmに到達したときを寿命と判断し、その場合は寿命に至った切削時間(分)を示す。
Using the present inventions 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, a cutting test was performed under the following cutting conditions.
<< Cutting conditions 1 >>
Work material: JIS / SUJ2 lengthwise equidistant 4 vertical grooved round bars (Hardness: H R A60),
Cutting speed: 180 m / min,
Feed: 0.25 mm / rev,
Cutting depth: 0.18 mm,
Cutting time: Wet high-speed intermittent cutting test of hardened bearing steel under the condition of 4 minutes (normal cutting speed is 120 m / min),
<< Cutting conditions 2 >>
Work material: JIS / SCM420 lengthwise equal length 4 round grooved round bars (Hardness: H R A60),
Cutting speed: 220 m / min,
Feed: 0.20 mm / rev,
Cutting depth: 0.20 mm,
Cutting time: Wet high-speed intermittent cutting test of high hardness chromium steel under the condition of 4 minutes (normal cutting speed is 180 m / min),
The flank wear width of the cutting blade was measured.
Table 7 shows the measurement results of the cutting test under the above cutting conditions 1 and 2. When the flank wear width reaches 0.15 mm, it is determined as the life, and in this case, the cutting time (minute) reaching the life is shown.

Figure 0005447845
Figure 0005447845

表7に示される結果から、本発明cBN被覆工具1〜10は、切刃に断続的かつ繰り返しの衝撃的な高負荷が作用する高硬度鋼の高速断続切削に用いた場合でも、ろう付け部からの工具の破損を発生することはなく、長期の使用に亘って優れた切削性能を示した。
これに対して、0.05>B/Aである比較例cBN被覆工具1〜5においては、ロウ付け部だけではなく、切刃先端、すくい面表面に形成されている硬質被覆層にも剥離が存在するため、耐摩耗性の低下によって工具寿命が短く、一方、B/A>0.8である比較例cBN被覆工具6〜10においては、ろう材中へのクラック、亀裂の進展によって工具寿命が短いものとなっていた。
From the results shown in Table 7, the cBN-coated tools 1 to 10 of the present invention are brazed parts even when used for high-speed intermittent cutting of high-hardness steel in which intermittent and repeated high impact loads are applied to the cutting edge. The tool was not damaged, and the cutting performance was excellent over a long period of use.
On the other hand, in comparative example cBN coated tools 1 to 5 where 0.05> B / A, not only the brazed portion but also the hard coating layer formed on the tip of the cutting edge and the surface of the rake face is peeled off. In comparison example cBN-coated tools 6 to 10 where B / A> 0.8, the tool life is reduced due to cracks in the brazing material and the cracks progress. The service life was short.

上述のように、この発明のcBN被覆工具は、高硬度鋼の高速断続切削加工用の切削工具として好適であり、切削加工装置の高性能化、並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものであるが、他の各種の鋼や鋳鉄などの通常の切削条件での切削加工にも勿論使用可能である。   As described above, the cBN-coated tool of the present invention is suitable as a cutting tool for high-speed intermittent cutting of high-hardness steel, improves the performance of the cutting device, and reduces the labor and energy saving of the cutting. Although it can cope with cost reduction satisfactorily, it can of course be used for cutting under normal cutting conditions such as various other steels and cast iron.

(1)cBN焼結材
(2)超硬合金母材
(3)ろう付け部
(4)ろう材
(5)接合界面
(6)硬質膜
(7)ろう付け部の硬質膜剥離部
(1) cBN sintered material (2) Cemented carbide base material (3) Brazing part (4) Brazing material (5) Joining interface (6) Hard film (7) Hard film peeling part of brazing part

Claims (2)

立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料からなる工具基体と超硬合金母材とをろう付け部のろう材で接合し、かつ、工具基体と超硬合金母材の表面に硬質膜を物理蒸着で形成した表面被覆切削工具において、
上記ろう付け部の表面に露出するろう材の全表面積をAとし、該表面に露出するろう材のうちで硬質膜と接するろう材の全表面積をBとした場合に、B/Aが0.05≦B/A≦0.8であることを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
A tool base made of cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material and a cemented carbide base material are joined with a brazing filler metal, and a hard film is physically formed on the surface of the tool base and the cemented carbide base material. In surface-coated cutting tools formed by vapor deposition,
When the total surface area of the brazing material exposed on the surface of the brazing part is A and the total surface area of the brazing material in contact with the hard film among the brazing materials exposed on the surface is B, B / A is 0. A surface-coated cutting tool, wherein 05 ≦ B / A ≦ 0.8.
上記硬質膜が、Tiの窒化物層、Tiの炭窒化物層およびTiとAlの複合窒化物層のうちの何れか一層または二層以上からなる請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。   2. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the hard film is composed of one or more of a Ti nitride layer, a Ti carbonitride layer, and a Ti and Al composite nitride layer.
JP2010071903A 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Surface coated cutting tool Expired - Fee Related JP5447845B2 (en)

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