JP5437982B2 - 環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5437982B2 JP5437982B2 JP2010270837A JP2010270837A JP5437982B2 JP 5437982 B2 JP5437982 B2 JP 5437982B2 JP 2010270837 A JP2010270837 A JP 2010270837A JP 2010270837 A JP2010270837 A JP 2010270837A JP 5437982 B2 JP5437982 B2 JP 5437982B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- biocomposite
- fiber
- biocomposite material
- ceramic sheet
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
スラリータンクにセラミック繊維100重量部を入れ、セラミック繊維100重量部に対して精製水20,000重量部、有機添加剤20重量部をスラリータンクに添加し、その後、セラミック繊維100重量部に対して有機繊維20重量部をスラリータンクに投入した。そして、セラミック繊維100重量部に対して無機添加剤25重量部をスラリータンクに添加した。その後、前記添加物が、スラリータンク内で十分に溶けるように1,500rpmで2時間1次撹拌した。
本実施例では、天然繊維でヘネケン繊維、ケナフ繊維、シルクをそれぞれ補強材として利用した環境に優しい特性の軽量バイオ複合材料を製造した。高分子マトリックスは、汎用高分子であるポリプロピレン(Polypropylene(PP)、Hanwha Polydreamer Co.Ltd)を使った。本発明では、バイオ複合材料の製造時に、天然繊維の上部に供給される高分子の分散がよくなされるようにポリプロピレンは、直径0.1〜1mmである球型になったものを使った。
前記実施例2で、ポリプロピレンが溶融されるように加熱した後、溶融されたポリプロピレン上にセラミックシートをさらに供給した以外には、前記実施例1と同じ方法で両面にセラミックシートが付着されたバイオ複合材料を製造した。
前記実施例2または実施例3で製造したセラミックシートを含有したバイオ複合材料の表面温度を50〜150℃に保持しながら、波型化ローラを用いて偏波型シートを製造した(図2B)。また、前記波型シートの山部分に接着剤を塗布した後、前記実施例2または実施例3で製造した平板シート型のバイオ複合材料を上部または上下部に追加的に付着させ、板型シートと波型シートとが複合されたバイオ複合材料を製造した(図2C及び図3の(c)、(d))。
前記実施例4で製造した板型シートと波型シートとが複合されたバイオ複合材料を複数個積層させ、ハニカム型のバイオ複合材料を製造した(図2C及び図3の(e))。このように立体的に構成されたバイオ複合材料は、強度と衝撃吸収力とに優れるために、自動車または建築資材として使うことができる。
<実験例1>
バイオ複合材料の物理的特性分析
A.特性測定方法
本発明によるバイオ複合材料の特性を屈曲強度試験(Flexural Test)、そして、衝撃強度試験(Izod Impact Test)を実施し、動力学的特性分析(Dynamic mechanical Analysis)と熱膨張特性分析(Thermomechanical Analysis)とで実施した。
バイオ複合材料の屈曲特性を測定するために、万能材料試験機(Universal Testing Machine、UTM、Tinius olsen Ltd.、H−50K−S T、Redhill、England)を使った。屈曲試験は、国際標準試験法人ASTM D 790 Method I(three−point loading)に基づいて3点屈曲(three point bending)方法で常温(roomtemperature;23±2℃ and 50±5% relative humidity)で測定し、試片の大きさは、50mm×25mm×2mmで準備した。試片のspan−to−depth比率は16、load cellは50kN、crosshead speedは1mm/minで設定した。
バイオ複合材料の動力学的特性を分析するために、動力学的熱特性分析器(Dynamic mechanical Analyzer、DMA Q−800、TA Instrument)を用いて貯蔵弾性率(storage modulus)及びTanδ値を測定し、分析のための試片の大きさは、35.0mm×11.0mm×1.7mmで製造した。BRAF/PLAバイオ複合材料は、30〜150℃まで、BRAF/PP/nano−clayバイオ複合材料は、−100℃〜−30℃〜まで液体窒素雰囲気で測定した。昇温速度は、分当たり5℃でそれぞれの複合材料試片が装置内の加熱炉で熱的に十分に平衡状態に到逹するようにした。試片は、single cantilever modeでsinusoidally oscillating frequencyが動的に作用する条件下で進行した。使われた振動数(frequency)は、1Hzで固定させ、振動幅(oscillating amplitude)は、0.2mmで保持した。
バイオ複合材料の厚さ方向に対する熱膨張挙動を測定するために、熱機械的特性分析器(Thermomechanical Analyzer、TMA Q−400、TA Instrument)を使い、測定値は、熱膨張係数(Coefficient of thermal expansion、CTE)に変換して表わした。試片の大きさは、7.0mm×7.0mm×1.7mmで製作し、水分吸収を最小化するために、切断されたバイオ複合材料をデシケーターに入れて24時間以上保管した後、測定に使った。昇温速度は、分当たり5℃にして100℃まで加熱させ、試片の膨張程度を測定するprobe周りを100ml/minの窒素雰囲気に保持した。
以下、セラミックシートの使用の有無によるバイオ複合材料の密度、貯蔵弾性率、寸法安定性、屈曲弾性率を、図5ないし図9を参照して説明する。図5ないし図9で、PPはポリプロピレン、HQはヘネケン繊維、KEはケナフ繊維、SKはシルク、BRAFは紅藻類繊維を表記したものである。
<実験例2>
バイオ複合材料の難燃特性分析
以下、本発明によるバイオ複合材料の難燃特性を分析した。バイオ複合シート、単面セラミックシート付着バイオ複合材料(実施例2)及び両面セラミックシート付着バイオ複合材料(実施例3)を製造し、同一条件及び同一時間に各バイオ複合材料の燃焼速度を測定して、難燃特性を分析した。実験は、それぞれの試料に対して5個の同一試料を実験し、平均値を表示した。
Claims (9)
- a)天然繊維を含む複数の高分子マトリックスと、
b)前記高分子マトリックスと圧着されて一体化された複数のセラミックシートと、を含み、前記天然繊維の含量は、1〜70重量%であり、高分子の含量は、1〜98%であり、前記セラミックシートの含量は、1〜30重量%である環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料であって、
前記セラミックシートは、前記天然繊維を含む高分子マトリックスの両面に備えられ、SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、CaO、MgOまたはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択されたセラミック繊維を含み、
前記セラミックシートのうち、前記セラミック繊維の含量は50重量%以上であることを特徴とする環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。 - 前記天然繊維は、木材パルプ、非木材繊維、微細藻類副産物、海藻類副産物、シルク繊維及びヘネケン繊維からなる群から1種以上選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 前記木材パルプまたは非木材繊維の長さは、1μm〜3cmであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 前記微細藻類副産物または海藻類副産物の長さは、0.1〜1,000μmであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 前記高分子は、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)と澱粉とのブレンド体、ポリブチレンサクシネート(polybutylene succinate:PBS)のような生分解性高分子とポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン及びポリカーボネートのような汎用性高分子及びこれらのブレンドからなる群から1種以上選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 前記セラミックシートは、有機繊維、無機添加剤、有機添加剤、無機凝集剤または有機凝集剤のうちから選択された1種以上の添加剤をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 前記セラミックシートの厚さは、0.05〜5mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 厚さが、0.1mm〜10cmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
- 平板型、偏波型、平板及び偏波複合型、ハニカム型の構造またはこれらの多層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の環境に優しい難燃性バイオ複合材料。
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US9816233B2 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-11-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hybrid fiber compositions and uses in containerboard packaging |
CN103321051B (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2014-11-26 | 燕山大学 | 微波膨化所用改性硅酸铝陶瓷纤维毯的制备方法 |
GB2534740B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2020-07-01 | Kimberly Clark Co | Tree-free fiber compositions and uses in containerboard packaging |
CN103865242B (zh) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-11-18 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种表面改性ctmp纤维制备脂肪族聚酯复合材料的方法 |
CN104553127A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-29 | 正业包装(中山)有限公司 | 一种环保型高抗冲抗菌阻燃复合板 |
CN106007064A (zh) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 北京金泽环境能源技术研究有限公司 | 一种膜净水工艺的预处理方法 |
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US20070141318A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | Balthes Garry E | Composition and method of manufacture for a fiber panel having a finishable surface |
JP4650338B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-16 | 2011-03-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 生分解性樹脂部材の補強方法 |
EP2079794B1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-01-25 | Korea Institute of Energy Research | Seaweed fiber-reinforced biocomposite and method for producing the same using high-temperature grinding |
DE202006018135U1 (de) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-02-15 | Kuse, Kolja | Stabilisierte Dünn-Platte |
PL2112972T3 (pl) * | 2007-02-21 | 2020-06-29 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Nowe materiały kompozytowe, sposób ich wytwarzania i ich zastosowanie |
DE102007008423A1 (de) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-08-28 | Johns Manville Europe Gmbh | Neue Verbundwerkstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
EP2231809A4 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2012-09-19 | E2E Materials Inc | HIGHLY RESISTANT ECO-FLOOR PANELS |
US20110281066A1 (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-11-17 | Rodney Andrews | Lightweight fire resistant covering for structures |
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- 2010-12-02 US US12/958,728 patent/US8658276B2/en active Active
- 2010-12-03 JP JP2010270837A patent/JP5437982B2/ja active Active
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CN102166860A (zh) | 2011-08-31 |
US8658276B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
EP2380731B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
JP2011178157A (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
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