JP5429935B2 - Highly taurine germinated seed, method for producing the same, and method for producing food - Google Patents

Highly taurine germinated seed, method for producing the same, and method for producing food Download PDF

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JP5429935B2
JP5429935B2 JP2009261112A JP2009261112A JP5429935B2 JP 5429935 B2 JP5429935 B2 JP 5429935B2 JP 2009261112 A JP2009261112 A JP 2009261112A JP 2009261112 A JP2009261112 A JP 2009261112A JP 5429935 B2 JP5429935 B2 JP 5429935B2
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taurine
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千絵 遠藤
宏昭 山内
重信 瀧川
達郎 鈴木
高弘 野田
直人 橋本
聡 横田
勝一 齋藤
伸久 古賀
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Description

本発明は、GABA(γ-アミノ酪酸)及び/又はタウリンを高濃度に含有する発芽種子及びその製造方法、更に本種子を用いる食品の製造方法に関するものである。更に、詳しくは、発芽種子とGABA及び/又はタウリン含有溶液とを特定の条件で接触処理することによって、これらの物質を高濃度に含有する発芽種子を効率的に製造する方法と得られた発芽種子を適当量用いる食品の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a germinated seed containing GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and / or taurine at a high concentration, a method for producing the seed, and a method for producing a food using the seed. More specifically, a method for efficiently producing germinated seeds containing these substances in a high concentration by contacting the germinated seeds with a GABA and / or taurine-containing solution under specific conditions and the germination obtained. The present invention relates to a method for producing a food using an appropriate amount of seeds.

特定のアミノ酸類、ペプチド類には各種栄養的、生理機能があることが知られている。特に、最近では、アミノ酸類のGABA、タウリン、システイン、L-カルニチン、ビタミンU等の生理機能が注目されている。このように特定のアミノ酸類には種々の機能性があることが判ってきているが、これらの物質を高濃度含有する食用の発芽種子は自然界には存在しない。そのため、これらの物質を一定量摂取するためには、「いわゆるサプリメントや薬品として摂取する」以外の方法は存在しないのが現状である。しかし、日本の食文化は、米国などサプリメント先進国のそれと異なり、機能性物質を「普段の食事によって摂取する」ことに価値を置いている。そのため、いわゆるサプリメントや薬品ではなく、発芽種子などの自然な穀物、豆類等から機能性物質を摂取することには大きな意義がある。   It is known that specific amino acids and peptides have various nutritional and physiological functions. In particular, recently, physiological functions such as the amino acids GABA, taurine, cysteine, L-carnitine, vitamin U and the like are attracting attention. Thus, although it has been found that specific amino acids have various functions, edible germinated seeds containing these substances in high concentrations do not exist in nature. Therefore, in order to take a certain amount of these substances, there is currently no method other than “taken as a so-called supplement or medicine”. However, the Japanese food culture is different from that of developed countries such as the United States, in which functional substances are valued by “taken by ordinary meals”. Therefore, ingesting functional substances from natural grains such as germinated seeds, beans, etc., rather than so-called supplements and medicines, has great significance.

このような背景から、本発明者らは、GABA、ビタミンU、タウリン、カルノシン、Tyr-Proおよび/またはL-カルニチンを高濃度に含有する食用植物体及びその製造方法を開発した(特許文献1)。ここでの食用植物体は主にスプラウトである。スプラウトとは、発芽させた種子及びそこから生育する幼植物体であり、主に、野菜として食用に供される。   From such a background, the present inventors have developed an edible plant body containing GABA, vitamin U, taurine, carnosine, Tyr-Pro and / or L-carnitine at a high concentration and a method for producing the same (Patent Document 1). ). The edible plants here are mainly sprout. Sprouts are germinated seeds and seedlings that grow from them, and are mainly used for food as vegetables.

また、スプラウトとは別に、発芽処理を施した種子において、GABAを増強した発芽玄米等の穀物の種子が提案されている(特許文献2〜5)。特許文献2は、「食品素材または食品及びそれらの製造方法」に関するものであり、特許文献3は、「新しい発芽玄米の製造法及びこれより製造した発芽玄米」に関するものであり、特許文献4は、「玄米の加工方法」に関するものであり、特許文献5は、「γ−アミノ酪酸富化発芽玄米の製造方法および該発芽玄米を含有する食品」に関するものである。   In addition to the sprout, seeds of grains such as germinated brown rice with enhanced GABA have been proposed (see Patent Documents 2 to 5). Patent Document 2 relates to “a food material or food and a production method thereof”, Patent Document 3 relates to “a method for producing a new germinated brown rice and germinated brown rice produced therefrom”, and Patent Document 4 , “Processing method for brown rice”, and Patent Document 5 relates to “a method for producing γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched germinated brown rice and a food containing the germinated brown rice”.

発芽玄米等の穀物の発芽種子は、種々の食品の原料として広く使用されており、特定のアミノ酸類を含有する発芽種子が簡易に製造できれば、その社会的ニーズは大きいと考えられる。   Germinated seeds of grains such as germinated brown rice are widely used as raw materials for various foods, and if germinated seeds containing specific amino acids can be easily produced, the social needs are considered to be great.

特開2007−89572号公報JP 2007-89572 A 特開2003−159017号公報JP 2003-159017 A 特開2006−81472号公報JP 2006-81472 A 特開2005−117982号公報JP 2005-117882 A 特開2004−159617号公報JP 2004-159617 A

しかし、上記特許文献2〜5に記載されたいずれの場合も、GABAの富化は、穀物等の種子を発芽させることによって、内在酵素によって胚芽中のグルタミン酸をGABAに変換することで行われるものである。そのため、GABA含量は多くても約20mg/100g乾燥穀物であり、GABA含量が低い、という問題があった。 However, in any case described in the patent document 2 to 5, enrichment of GABA, by letting germinating seeds of crops such as those carried out by converting the glutamic acid in the germ GABA by endogenous enzyme It is. Therefore, there is a problem that the GABA content is about 20 mg / 100 g dry cereal at most and the GABA content is low.

また、特許文献1には、GABA等の含量を高めたスプラウトについては記載があるが、GABA等の含量を高めた発芽種子についての記載はない。また、特許文献1に記載の方法は、根からの吸収と蒸散とを必要とするものであり、発芽種子においてGABA等の含量を高めることは困難であると推察される。   Patent Document 1 describes a sprout with an increased content of GABA or the like, but does not describe a germinated seed with an increased content of GABA or the like. In addition, the method described in Patent Document 1 requires absorption from roots and transpiration, and it is assumed that it is difficult to increase the content of GABA and the like in germinated seeds.

前述のように、特定のアミノ酸類を含有する発芽種子が簡易に製造できれば、その社会的ニーズは大きいと考えられる。しかしながら、上記のように特定のアミノ酸類を高濃度含有する発芽種子の生産方法は知られておらず、その製造に関する研究もほとんど行われていないのが現状である。   As described above, if germinating seeds containing specific amino acids can be easily produced, the social needs are considered to be great. However, as described above, a method for producing germinated seeds containing a specific amino acid at a high concentration is not known, and there is almost no research on its production.

そこで本発明の目的は、GABA及び/又はタウリンを高含有する発芽種子、及びその製造方法を提供すること、さらには上記発芽種子を用いる食品の製造方法を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a germinated seed containing a high content of GABA and / or taurine and a method for producing the same, and further to provide a method for producing a food using the germinated seed.

本発明者らは、上記目的を達成すべく、種々の検討を行った。その結果、原料となる種子を所定の状態まで発芽させた発芽種子を、GABA及びタウリンの少なくとも1種の物質を含有する水溶液に所定時間浸漬することで、高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを高含有する発芽種子が得られることを見出した。ところが、前記浸漬後の発芽種子は、一般に食品原料として用いられるため、食品原料として用いられるまでに時間が空くことがままある。しかし、上記処理を施して高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを高含有するようになった発芽種子は、通常の発芽種子に比べて保存性が悪いことが、新たに判明した。発芽種子は、スプラウト等と異なり、栄養分である胚乳を有するものであるために本来、カビの繁殖や腐敗しやすいものであるが、上記処理においてGABA及びタウリンの少なくとも1種の物質を含有する水溶液への浸漬により水分含量がより高くなったためであることが、本発明者らの検討の結果判明した。   The present inventors have conducted various studies in order to achieve the above object. As a result, the germinated seeds that have been sprouted to a predetermined state are immersed in an aqueous solution containing at least one substance of GABA and taurine for a predetermined time, so that high concentrations of GABA and / or taurine can be increased. It has been found that germinating seeds can be obtained. However, since the germinated seed after the immersion is generally used as a food raw material, there is still a time lapse until it is used as a food raw material. However, it has been newly found that germinated seeds that have been subjected to the above treatment and have a high content of high concentrations of GABA and / or taurine have poor storage stability compared to normal germinated seeds. Unlike sprout and the like, germinated seeds have endosperm which is a nutrient and are inherently prone to mold growth and spoilage, but in the above treatment, an aqueous solution containing at least one substance of GABA and taurine As a result of the examination by the present inventors, it was found that the moisture content was higher due to the immersion in the water.

そこでさらにこの新たに生じた課題を解決すべく検討した結果、上記処理を施して高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを高含有するようになった発芽種子を適度に乾燥することで、カビの繁殖や腐敗を抑制して、長期間の保存が可能な、高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを高含有する発芽種子が得られることを見出して本発明を完成させた。   Therefore, as a result of further study to solve this newly generated problem, the above-mentioned treatment was applied to dry the germinated seeds containing a high concentration of GABA and / or taurine in a moderate amount. The present invention has been completed by finding that germinating seeds containing a high concentration of GABA and / or taurine that can be stored for a long period of time while suppressing spoilage and rot can be obtained.

本発明は、以下のとおりである。
[1]
γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)含有量が、50mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上であり、かつ水分含量が15%以下である発芽種子。
[2]
GABA含有量が、70mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が10%以下である[1]に記載の発芽種子。
[3]
タウリン含有量が、50mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が15%以下である発芽種子。
[4]
タウリン含有量が、70mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が10%以下である[3]に記載の発芽種子。
[5]
種子が穀物または豆類種子である[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の発芽種子。
[6]
種子を発芽処理に供して発芽種子を得る工程、
得られた発芽種子をGABA及び/又はタウリンを含有する水溶液に、GABA及びタウリンのいずれか一方または両方の濃度が50mg/100gDW以上となる時間浸漬する工程、及び
得られた発芽種子を水分含量が15%以下になるまで乾燥する工程
を含む、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の発芽種子の製造方法。
[7]
前記発芽種子の乾燥が、35〜50℃で行われる、[6]に記載の製造方法。
[8]
前記発芽種子の水溶液への浸漬時間は、6〜24時間とする[6]または[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9]
前記発芽種子の前記水溶液への浸漬は10〜35℃の温度で実施される、[6]〜[8]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[10]
[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の発芽種子を用いる食品の製造方法。
[11]
製造される食品がパン類、麺類、菓子類、茶類である[10]記載の製造方法。
The present invention is as follows.
[1]
Germinated seed having a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of 50 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more and a water content of 15% or less.
[2]
The germinated seed according to [1], wherein the GABA content is 70 mg / 100 g DW or more and the water content is 10% or less.
[3]
Germinated seed having a taurine content of 50 mg / 100 g DW or more and a water content of 15% or less.
[4]
The germinated seed according to [3], wherein the taurine content is 70 mg / 100 g DW or more and the water content is 10% or less.
[5]
The germinated seed according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the seed is a grain or legume seed.
[6]
A step of subjecting seeds to germination treatment to obtain germinated seeds;
A step of immersing the obtained germinated seed in an aqueous solution containing GABA and / or taurine for a time when the concentration of either or both of GABA and taurine is 50 mg / 100 g DW or more, and the resulting germinated seed has a water content. The method for producing a germinated seed according to any one of [1] to [5], comprising a step of drying to 15% or less.
[7]
The production method according to [6], wherein the germination seed is dried at 35 to 50 ° C.
[8]
The production method according to [6] or [7], wherein the germination seed is immersed in the aqueous solution for 6 to 24 hours.
[9]
The production method according to any one of [6] to [8], wherein the germination seed is immersed in the aqueous solution at a temperature of 10 to 35 ° C.
[10]
The manufacturing method of the foodstuff using the germinated seed in any one of [1]-[5].
[11]
[10] The production method according to [10], wherein the food to be produced is bread, noodles, confectionery, or tea.

本発明によれば、従来になく高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを含有し、かつ保存性に優れた発芽種子を提供することができる。その結構、高濃度のGABA及び/又はタウリンを含有する、発芽種子を原料として用いる食品を提供することもできる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the germinated seed which contains GABA and / or taurine of the high concentration which has not existed conventionally, and was excellent in the preservability can be provided. The food which uses the germinated seeds as a raw material containing the GABA and / or taurine of a high concentration can also be provided.

本明細書において発芽種子とは、根、胚軸、子葉及び胚乳を有するものを意味するものとする。一方、スプラウトは、一般に、種子が発芽して胚乳を有さない状態まで生育したものを言う。発芽種子となるまでに必要な期間等は、原料となる種子の種類や、発芽の条件(温度、水分、日光等)により異なる。   In the present specification, germinated seeds mean those having roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons and endosperm. On the other hand, sprout generally refers to seeds that have germinated and grown to a state that does not have endosperm. The period of time required to become a germinated seed varies depending on the type of seed used as a raw material and germination conditions (temperature, moisture, sunlight, etc.).

本発明における発芽種子は、例えば、種子を適当な時間水に浸漬後、適当な温度(10〜35℃)で0.5日〜3日間発芽処理を行うことで得られる。但し、温度や期間等の発芽の条件は、胚乳を有する状態を確認して適宜設定する。 The germinating seed in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by immersing the seed in water for an appropriate time and then performing germination treatment at an appropriate temperature (10 to 35 ° C.) for 0.5 to 3 days. However, germination conditions such as temperature and period are appropriately set after confirming the state of having endosperm.

本発明で発芽種子とすることができる種子としては、例えば、穀物及び豆類種子等の食用種子を挙げることができる。食用穀類の種子の具体的種類の例としては米、小麦、大麦、エン麦、ひえ、あわ、さとうきび、トウモロコシ、アマランサス、普通ソバ、ダタンソバ等を上げることができる。また、食用豆類の種子の例としては大豆、小豆、大納言、金時、手亡、うずら、ささげ、いんげんまめ、べにばないんげん、えんどう、ブラックビーン、くず、インドかりん、そらまめ、タマリンド、アルファルファ、グローバ等を挙げることができる。   Examples of seeds that can be used as germinating seeds in the present invention include edible seeds such as grains and legume seeds. Examples of specific types of edible cereal seeds include rice, wheat, barley, oats, barnyard grass, sugarcane, corn, amaranthus, common buckwheat, and tartary buckwheat. Examples of edible bean seeds include soybeans, red beans, daikon, kintoki, teito, uzura, sasage, bean peas, bean ban peas, peas, black beans, scraps, indokarin, broad bean, tamarind, Alfalfa, Glover, etc. can be mentioned.

本発明の発芽種子は、γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)含有量が、50mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上であり、かつ水分含量が15%以下である発芽種子である。γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)含有量は、好ましくは70mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上であり、さらに好ましくは100mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上であり、より好ましくは150mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上である。γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)含有量は高いほどγ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)供給源としては好ましいが、製造上の制約等を考慮すると、γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)含有量の上限は、1000mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)程度である。γ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)を含有させることができる量は種子の種類によっても異なるが、50〜300mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)の発芽種子であれば、本発明では比較的容易に製造することができる。水分含量は、15%を超えると保存性が急激に悪化するので、15%以下とし、好ましくは10%以下である。水分含量の下限は特にないが、水分含量を低下させるために過度に乾燥することは製造上コストを押し上げことから、水分含量の下限は、例えば、5%程度である。但し、発芽種子の用途に応じて、さらに水分含量を低下させたものとすることもできる。   The germinating seed of the present invention is a germinating seed having a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of 50 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more and a water content of 15% or less. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content is preferably 70 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more, more preferably 100 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more, more preferably 150 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW). That's it. The higher the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, the more preferable as the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supply source. However, in consideration of production restrictions, the upper limit of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content is 1000 mg / It is about 100g dry weight (DW). The amount that can contain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) varies depending on the type of seed, but if it is a germinated seed of 50 to 300 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW), it is relatively easy to produce in the present invention. Can do. If the water content exceeds 15%, the storage stability is abruptly deteriorated. Although there is no lower limit of the moisture content, excessive drying to reduce the moisture content increases the manufacturing cost, so the lower limit of the moisture content is, for example, about 5%. However, depending on the use of the germinated seed, the water content can be further reduced.

さらに、本発明の発芽種子は、タウリン含有量が、50mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が15%以下である発芽種子である。タウリン含有量が、好ましくは70mg/100gDW以上であり、さらに好ましくは100mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上であり、より好ましくは150mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)以上である。タウリン含有量は、タウリン供給源としては高いほど好ましいが、製造上の制約等を考慮すると、タウリン含有量の上限は、1000mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)程度である。タウリンを含有させることができる量は種子の種類によっても異なるが、50〜500mg/100gドライウェィト(DW)の発芽種子は、本発明では比較的容易に製造することができる。水分含量は、15%を超えると保存性が急激に悪化するので、15%以下とし、好ましくは10%以下である。水分含量の下限は特にないが、水分含量を低下させるために過度に乾燥することは製造上コストを押し上げることから、水分含量の下限は、例えば、5%程度である。但し、発芽種子の用途に応じて、さらに水分含量を低下させたものとすることもできる。 Furthermore, the germinating seed of the present invention is a germinating seed having a taurine content of 50 mg / 100 g DW or more and a water content of 15% or less. The taurine content is preferably 70 mg / 100 g DW or more, more preferably 100 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more, more preferably 150 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) or more. The taurine content is preferably as high as a taurine supply source. However, in consideration of manufacturing restrictions and the like, the upper limit of the taurine content is about 1000 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW). Although the amount of taurine that can be contained varies depending on the kind of seed, germinated seeds of 50 to 500 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW) can be produced relatively easily in the present invention. If the water content exceeds 15%, the storage stability is abruptly deteriorated. Therefore, the water content is set to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less. Although the lower limit is not particularly moisture content, it is overly dry to reduce the moisture content because it pushes up the manufacturing cost, the lower limit of the water content, for example, about 5%. However, depending on the use of the germinated seed, the water content can be further reduced.

[発芽種子の製造方法]
上記本発明の発芽種子は、以下の(1)〜(3)の工程を有する方法により製造することができる。
(1)種子を発芽処理に供して発芽種子を得る工程、
(2)得られた発芽種子をGABA及び/又はタウリンを含有する水溶液に、GABA及びタウリンのいずれか一方または両方の濃度が50mg/100gDW以上となる時間浸漬する工程、及び
(3)得られた発芽種子を水分含量が15%以下になるまで乾燥する工程
[Method for producing germinated seeds]
The germinated seed of the present invention can be produced by a method having the following steps (1) to (3).
(1) A step of subjecting seeds to germination treatment to obtain germinated seeds;
(2) a step of immersing the germinated seeds obtained in an aqueous solution containing GABA and / or taurine for a time when the concentration of either or both of GABA and taurine is 50 mg / 100 gDW or more, and (3) obtained Drying the germinated seed until the water content is 15% or less

(1)発芽種子を得る工程
前述のように発芽種子は、例えば、種子を適当な時間水に浸漬後、適当な温度(10〜35℃)で0.5日〜3日間発芽処理を行うことで得られる。但し、温度や期間等の発芽の条件は、胚乳を有する状態を確認して適宜設定する。尚、2〜3日程度十分に発芽させた発芽種子を用いることが、(2)の工程で、GABA及びタウリンの物質の吸収速度を高めることができるという観点からは好ましい。
(1) Step of obtaining germinated seeds As described above, germinated seeds are subjected to germination treatment at an appropriate temperature (10 to 35 ° C.) for 0.5 days to 3 days, for example, after immersing the seeds in water for an appropriate time. It is obtained by. However, germination conditions such as temperature and period are appropriately set after confirming the state of having endosperm. In addition, it is preferable to use germinated seeds germinated sufficiently for about 2 to 3 days from the viewpoint that the absorption rate of GABA and taurine substances can be increased in the step (2).

(2)GABA及び/又はタウリン含有水溶液への浸漬工程
本工程では、前記物質を含有する水溶液を発芽種子に一定時間接触させ、前記物質を発芽種子に蓄積含有させて、前記物質を高濃度に含有する発芽種子を製造する。本工程においては、発芽種子に前記水溶液を常時又は断続的に噴霧する方法又は発芽種子を水溶液に浸漬する方法が採用される。但し、吸収時間が短縮でき、処理ロット間の再現性が高く、かつ操作も簡単であるという観点から、発芽種子を水溶液に浸漬する方法が好ましい。発芽種子を水溶液に浸漬して、蒸散が生じない条件においても、良好な吸収を示すことは予想外であった。
(2) Immersion step in GABA and / or taurine-containing aqueous solution In this step, the aqueous solution containing the substance is brought into contact with the germinated seed for a certain period of time, and the substance is accumulated in the germinated seed to increase the concentration of the substance. A germinating seed containing is produced. In this step, a method of spraying the aqueous solution on the germinated seeds constantly or intermittently or a method of immersing the germinated seeds in the aqueous solution is employed. However, from the viewpoint of shortening the absorption time, high reproducibility between treatment lots, and easy operation, a method of immersing germinated seeds in an aqueous solution is preferable. It was unexpected that the germinated seeds were immersed in an aqueous solution and showed good absorption even under conditions where no transpiration occurred.

従来も、例えば、漬け物等の植物体について、特定のアミノ酸を含浸させる方法は知られている。しかし、通常は、このような場合、高濃度の食塩を添加し浸透圧差を用いてアミノ酸を植物体に含浸させる。そのため、植物体は細胞が破壊されて死滅し、単純な植物体内外の浸透圧差によって、アミノ酸が植物内に浸透する。それに対して、本工程では、発芽種子は生きた植物種子の生理作用により噴霧又は浸漬溶液中のGABA及び/又はタウリンの含有溶液からこれらの機能性物質を吸収する。また、漬け物等の植物体では、特定のアミノ酸を添加、含浸させる場合、含浸過程では、植物体の鮮度を維持するという観点から比較的低温(例えば、5℃前後)に維持される。   Conventionally, for example, a method of impregnating a specific amino acid in a plant such as pickles is known. However, usually, in such a case, a high-concentration salt is added and the plant body is impregnated with an amino acid using an osmotic pressure difference. Therefore, cells are killed by cell destruction, and amino acids penetrate into the plant by a simple osmotic pressure difference inside and outside the plant. On the other hand, in this step, the germinated seeds absorb these functional substances from the GABA and / or taurine-containing solution in the spray or immersion solution due to the physiological action of the live plant seeds. In addition, in plant bodies such as pickles, when a specific amino acid is added and impregnated, the impregnation process is maintained at a relatively low temperature (for example, around 5 ° C.) from the viewpoint of maintaining the freshness of the plant body.

それに対して、本工程では、発芽種子及び水溶液はより高温の10〜35℃、好ましくは15〜25℃に維持されることが適当である。本発明者らの実験によれば、本工程においては、10℃未満の温度では、上記物質の発芽種子への移行が極めて遅く、上記物質を50mg/100gDW以上含有する発芽種子を製造するには非常に長時間を要する。また、35℃を超えると、十分な吸収量が得られないだけでなく、発芽種子に褐変、萎れ、カビの発生などが生じることがある。また、水溶液噴霧又は水溶液への浸漬後の条件としては、特に限定は無く暗黒下でも光照射下でもどちらでも良いが、コストのことを考えると前者の方がより好ましい。   In contrast, in this step, it is appropriate that the germinated seeds and the aqueous solution are maintained at a higher temperature of 10 to 35 ° C., preferably 15 to 25 ° C. According to the experiments by the present inventors, in this step, at a temperature of less than 10 ° C., the transition of the substance to the germinated seed is extremely slow, and in order to produce a germinated seed containing 50 mg / 100 g DW or more of the substance. It takes a very long time. Moreover, when it exceeds 35 degreeC, not only sufficient absorption amount is not obtained, but browning, withering, generation | occurrence | production of mold | fungi, etc. may arise in a germination seed. Further, the conditions after spraying with an aqueous solution or immersing in an aqueous solution are not particularly limited and may be either dark or light irradiation, but the former is more preferable in view of cost.

発芽種子への上記水溶液の噴霧又は上記水溶液への発芽種子の浸漬では、上記溶液への接触時間は6時間以上24時間以下とすることが適当である。より好ましくは10〜16時間である。この場合、接触時間が6時間に満たない場合は、十分な吸収が行われない場合があり、また、24時間を超えると、処理効率が悪いばかりか、吸収量が同じで噴霧処理中に発芽種子等が劣化する場合がある。接触時間は、設定温度及び発芽種子中の前記物質の所望含有量を考慮して、適宜設定される。   In spraying the aqueous solution on the germinating seed or immersing the germinating seed in the aqueous solution, it is appropriate that the contact time with the solution is 6 hours or more and 24 hours or less. More preferably, it is 10 to 16 hours. In this case, if the contact time is less than 6 hours, sufficient absorption may not be performed. If the contact time exceeds 24 hours, the treatment efficiency is not only poor, but the absorption amount is the same and germination occurs during spraying. Seeds may deteriorate. The contact time is appropriately set in consideration of the set temperature and the desired content of the substance in the germinated seed.

GABA及び/又はタウリン含有水溶液中の各物質の濃度は、0.1〜10%濃度(重量濃度)であり、0.5%以上、好ましくは1%以上とすることが、所望含有量の前記発芽種子を比較的短時間で得るという観点から適当である。水溶液中の各物質の濃度の上限は、好ましくは5%である。このような条件にすることで、GABA及び/又はタウリンを高濃度含有する発芽種子が得られる。   The concentration of each substance in the GABA and / or taurine-containing aqueous solution is 0.1 to 10% concentration (weight concentration), and is 0.5% or more, preferably 1% or more. It is appropriate from the viewpoint of obtaining germinated seeds in a relatively short time. The upper limit of the concentration of each substance in the aqueous solution is preferably 5%. Under such conditions, germinated seeds containing GABA and / or taurine in high concentration can be obtained.

発芽種子にGABA及び/又はタウリンを吸収させる時期は特に限定はないが、好ましくは、発芽処理後長時間種子を保存した場合、種子が劣化する傾向があるため、発芽処理後直後に行うのが好適である。また、発芽処理中に水溶液の噴霧処理を行っても良いし、製造した発芽種子を低温で保存し、発芽の進行を停止し、適当な時期に取り出し、上記水溶液の噴霧処理又は水溶液への浸漬処理をして機能性物質の吸収を行わせても良い。   There is no particular limitation on the timing when GABA and / or taurine is absorbed by the germinated seeds. Preferably, when seeds are stored for a long time after the germination treatment, seeds tend to deteriorate. Is preferred. In addition, spraying of an aqueous solution may be performed during the germination treatment, the produced germinated seeds are stored at a low temperature, the germination process is stopped, taken out at an appropriate time, and the aqueous solution is sprayed or immersed in an aqueous solution. Processing may be performed to absorb the functional substance.

発芽種子への詳細な吸収方法の一例を以下に説明する。まず、濃度0.1〜10%のGABA及び/又はタウリン溶液を調製する。具体的には、GABA及び/又はタウリンを通常の水に上記の濃度となるように溶し込めばよい。なお、吸収効率を向上させる目的等で溶液にはGABA及び/又はタウリンにミネラル活性液のような液肥やキトサン等の殺菌剤、アスコルビン酸等の酸化防止剤、組織の褐変を促進する酵素の阻害剤などを加えてもよい。例えば、溶液にキトサン、カテキン、アスコルビン酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、エチルアルコール、ヒノキチオール、ミネラル、カルシウム塩などを加えれば、より安定的に吸収効率を高めてGABA及び/又はタウリンを吸収させることが可能である。吸収処理がこれらの水溶液の発芽種子への噴霧処理の場合には、発芽種子が乾燥しないように、1時間程度の間隔で十分量の水溶液を断続的に噴霧すれば良い。   An example of a detailed absorption method for germinating seeds will be described below. First, a GABA and / or taurine solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 10% is prepared. Specifically, GABA and / or taurine may be dissolved in normal water so as to have the above concentration. In addition, for the purpose of improving absorption efficiency, the solution contains GABA and / or taurine, liquid fertilizers such as mineral active liquids, fungicides such as chitosan, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, and inhibition of enzymes that promote tissue browning An agent or the like may be added. For example, if chitosan, catechin, ascorbic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, ethyl alcohol, hinokitiol, mineral, calcium salt, etc. are added to the solution, the absorption efficiency is increased more stably and GABA and / or taurine is absorbed. It is possible. When the absorption treatment is a spraying treatment of these aqueous solutions onto the germinated seeds, a sufficient amount of the aqueous solution may be intermittently sprayed at intervals of about 1 hour so that the germinated seeds are not dried.

上記GABA及びタウリン以外にも、機能性が期待できるアミノ酸類、ペプチド類として、アミノ酸類が必須アミノ酸、アミノ酸誘導体、ペプチド類がジペプチド、トリペプチドも同時に吸収させることもできる。これらの具体的な例として、必須アミノ酸としては、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、リジン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、バリンを、アミノ酸誘導体(アミノ酸類似体)として、ビタミンU、L−カルニチン等を、ジペプチドとトリペプチドとしては、アラニルリジン、バリニルチロシン、チロシニルプロリン、アンセリン、カルノシン、GSH等を挙げることができる。また、上記に示したアミノ酸類、ペプチド類の中で、本発明に特に適しているのは水溶性の高いアミノ酸類、ペプチド類である。   In addition to GABA and taurine, as amino acids and peptides that can be expected to have functionality, amino acids can be essential amino acids, amino acid derivatives, peptides can also absorb dipeptides and tripeptides simultaneously. Specific examples of these include essential amino acids such as arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine as amino acid derivatives (amino acid analogs) such as vitamin U, L-carnitine, and the like. Examples of dipeptide and tripeptide include alanyl lysine, valinyl tyrosine, tyrosinyl proline, anserine, carnosine, GSH and the like. Of the amino acids and peptides shown above, amino acids and peptides having high water solubility are particularly suitable for the present invention.

(3)乾燥工程
得られた発芽種子を水分含量が15%以下になるまで乾燥する。乾燥は、例えば、発芽種子の品質を維持しつつ行うという観点から、35〜50℃で行うことが好ましい。発芽種子の乾燥は、水分含量が15%以下、好ましくは10%以下になるまで行う。
(3) Drying process The germinated seeds obtained are dried until the water content is 15% or less. It is preferable to perform drying at 35-50 degreeC from a viewpoint of performing, for example, maintaining the quality of a germination seed. The germinated seeds are dried until the water content is 15% or less, preferably 10% or less.

本発明によれば、GABA含有量が、50mg/100gDW以上、好ましくは70mg/100gDW以上である発芽種子が得られる。GABA含有量の上限については、発芽種子の種類により、実質的に含有させることができる上限量は変化するが、通常、1000mg/100gDW程度である。例えば、通常の吸収条件であれば、ダッタンソバ発芽種子の場合は、200mg/100gDW程度であれば、安定的にGABAを含有させることができる。   According to the present invention, a germinated seed having a GABA content of 50 mg / 100 gDW or more, preferably 70 mg / 100 gDW or more is obtained. About the upper limit of GABA content, although the upper limit amount which can be contained substantially changes with kinds of germinated seed, it is about 1000 mg / 100gDW normally. For example, under normal absorption conditions, in the case of tartary buckwheat germinated seeds, GABA can be stably contained as long as it is about 200 mg / 100 g DW.

本発明によれば、タウリン含有量が、50mg/100gDW以上、好ましくは70mg/100gDW以上である食用発芽種子が得られる。タウリン含有量の上限については、食用発芽種子の種類により、実質的に含有させることができる上限量は変化するが、通常、1000mg/100gDW程度である。例えば、ダッタンソバの場合、100mg/100gDW程度であれば、タウリンを含有させることができる。   According to the present invention, an edible germinated seed having a taurine content of 50 mg / 100 gDW or more, preferably 70 mg / 100 gDW or more is obtained. About the upper limit of taurine content, although the upper limit amount which can be contained substantially changes with kinds of edible germination seed, it is about 1000 mg / 100gDW normally. For example, in the case of tartary buckwheat, taurine can be contained as long as it is about 100 mg / 100 g DW.

本発明の発芽種子を一定量食することにより、通常では発芽種子からの自然な形での摂取が不可能なGABA及び/又はタウリンを簡易に摂取することが可能になる。一般に、発芽種子の各種の機能性のアミノ酸類の含量は、例えば、同種類の植物であっても、その栽培方法、栽培条件、個体差などにより種々異なり、GABA及び/又は、タウリンについてはほとんどそれを含有していないこともある。本発明によれば、それらの差異にかかわらず、発芽種子をGABA及び/又はタウリン溶液で処理し、発芽種子内のその蓄積含量を天然のものに対して飛躍的に上昇させることが可能である。   By eating a certain amount of the germinated seeds of the present invention, GABA and / or taurine, which is normally impossible to ingest naturally from germinated seeds, can be easily consumed. In general, the content of various functional amino acids in germinated seeds varies depending on, for example, the cultivation method, cultivation conditions, individual differences, etc., even for the same type of plant, and most of GABA and / or taurine. It may not contain it. According to the present invention, it is possible to treat germinated seeds with GABA and / or taurine solution, regardless of their differences, and to dramatically increase the accumulated content of germinated seeds relative to natural ones. .

本発明は、上記本発明の発芽種子または本発明の製造方法で製造された発芽種子を用いる食品の製造方法に関する。製造される食品には特に制限はないが、例えば、パン類、菓子類、麺類、及び茶類等であることができる。食品の製造方法については、原料の少なくとも一部として、本発明の発芽種子または本発明の製造方法で製造された発芽種子を用いる以外は、常法により実施できる。   The present invention relates to a food production method using the germinated seed of the present invention or the germinated seed produced by the production method of the present invention. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the foodstuff manufactured, For example, it can be bread, confectionery, noodles, teas, etc. About the manufacturing method of foodstuffs, it can implement by a conventional method except using the germinating seed of this invention or the germinating seed manufactured by the manufacturing method of this invention as at least one part of a raw material.

発明でいうパン類とは、イーストの発酵を伴って製造されるパン類すべてが包含され、小麦粉にその他の穀物粉、油脂、糖類、粉乳、膨張剤、食塩、調味料、香料、乳化剤、イースト、イーストフード、酸化剤、還元剤、各種酵素類等の原料の全部または一部と水、その他の物を加えて混合発酵後、蒸す、焼く、揚げる、煮る等の加熱調理をすることによってできる食品のことである。例えば、フランスパン、食パンのようなリーンな生地のパン、テーブルロール、バターロール等のロール類、マフィン、ラスク等の特殊パン、クロワッサン、デニッシュ、あんパン、ジャムパン、クリームパン等の菓子パン、肉まん、あんまん等の蒸しパン、発酵ドーナツ等の油揚げパン、更にはピザクラスト等を挙げることができる。   The breads referred to in the invention include all breads produced with yeast fermentation. Other flours, fats, sugars, milk powder, swelling agents, salt, seasonings, flavors, emulsifiers, yeast , Yeast food, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, all or some of the raw materials such as various enzymes, water, and other ingredients, mixed fermentation, steamed, baked, fried, cooked, etc. It is food. For example, French bread, lean bread such as white bread, rolls such as table rolls and butter rolls, special breads such as muffins and rusks, croissants, Danish, sweet bread such as bread, jam bread and cream bread, meat buns, Steamed bread such as Anman, fried bread such as fermented donuts, and pizza crust.

本発明でいう菓子類としては、各種穀物粉、澱粉、乳製品、芋、豆、糖類、卵等を用いて作られる菓子類全てが含まれ、例えば、ホットケーキ、スポンジケーキ、シフォンケーキ、ドーナツ、パイ、ビスケット、クッキー、クラッカー、アイスクリーム、スイートポテト、ういろう、ようかん、柏餅、饅頭等を挙げることができる。   The confectionery referred to in the present invention includes all confectionery made using various cereal flours, starches, dairy products, rice cakes, beans, sugars, eggs, etc., for example, hot cakes, sponge cakes, chiffon cakes, donuts , Pie, biscuits, cookies, crackers, ice cream, sweet potatoes, Uiro, yokan, rice cakes, buns, etc.

本発明でいう麺類としては、穀物粉を主原料として麺状加工された食品全てが包含され、例えば、ソバ、中華麺、うどん、そうめん、きしめん、冷麺、スパゲッティー等を挙げることができる。   The noodles used in the present invention include all foods processed in a noodle form using cereal flour as a main raw material, and examples include buckwheat, Chinese noodles, udon, somen, kishimen, cold noodles, spaghetti and the like.

本発明でいう茶類としては、本発明で得られる発芽種子の一部又は全量を茶の原料として、お湯又は煮出しによる抽出によって得られる飲料全てを包含し、例えば、麦茶、玄米茶、ソバ茶、小豆茶等を挙げることができる。   The teas referred to in the present invention include all beverages obtained by extraction with hot water or boiled, using a part or all of the germinated seeds obtained in the present invention as a raw material for tea, for example, barley tea, brown rice tea, buckwheat tea And red bean tea.

次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、以下の実施例は本発明の好適な例を示すものであり、本発明は当該実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。   Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the following examples show preferred examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples.

実施例1
ダッタンソバ「北海T8号」種子を用い、発芽処理前に種子を5℃の水道水に浸漬し、十分に種子に水を吸収させた。その後、ウレタンマット上に適量の種子を播き、15℃で2時間毎に20分の潅水を行い、3日間発芽処理を行って発芽ダッタンソバを調製した。
普通ソバ「キタワセソバ」種子を用い、発芽処理前に種子を10℃の水道水に浸漬し、十分に種子に水を吸収させた。その後、ウレタンマット上に適量の種子を播き、20℃で2時間毎に20分の潅水を行い、2日間発芽処理を行って発芽普通ソバを調製した。
米「おぼろづき」の玄米を用い、電気発芽器「発芽美人を用い十分に水に浸漬した状態で25℃、2日間発芽処理を行い、発芽玄米を調製した。
小麦「キタノカオリ」種子を用い、発芽処理前に種子を10℃の水道水に浸漬し、10℃で十分に種子に水を吸収させた。その後、水に浸漬した状態で20℃、3日間発芽処理を行い発芽小麦を調製した。
六条大麦「さやかぜ」種子を用い、発芽処理前に種子を10℃の水道水に浸漬し、十分に種子に水を吸収させた。その後、その種子をウレタンマット上に適量播き、水を噴霧器を用いて十分量適当な間隔で噴霧し、30℃で、2日間発芽処理を行って発芽二条大麦を調製した。
ライ麦「春香」種子を用い、六条大麦と同様に発芽処理を行い発芽ライ小麦を調製した。
アマランサス「ニューアラスカ」種子を用い、六条大麦と同様に発芽処理を行い発芽アマランサスを調製した。
大豆「スズマル」種子を用い、普通ソバと同様に発芽処理を行い発芽大豆を調製した。
小豆「しゅまり」種子を用い、普通ソバと同様に発芽処理を行い発芽小豆を調製した。
Example 1
Tartary buckwheat “North Sea T8” seeds were used, and the seeds were immersed in tap water at 5 ° C. before germination to sufficiently absorb the water. Thereafter, an appropriate amount of seeds was sown on a urethane mat, watered for 20 minutes every 15 hours at 15 ° C., and germinated for 3 days to prepare germinated tartary buckwheat.
Ordinary buckwheat “Kitawa Sesoba” seeds were used, and the seeds were soaked in tap water at 10 ° C. before the germination treatment to sufficiently absorb the water. Thereafter, an appropriate amount of seeds was sown on a urethane mat, watered for 20 minutes every 2 hours at 20 ° C., and germination treatment was performed for 2 days to prepare germinated common buckwheat.
Germinated brown rice was prepared by using the brown rice of rice " Orozuki " and carrying out germination treatment at 25 ° C for 2 days in a state sufficiently immersed in water using an electric germinator " Sprouting Beauty " .
Wheat “Kitano Kaori” seeds were used, and the seeds were immersed in tap water at 10 ° C. before germination, so that the seeds were sufficiently absorbed with water at 10 ° C. Thereafter, germination treatment was performed by sprouting treatment at 20 ° C. for 3 days in a state immersed in water.
Six seed barley “Sayakaze” seeds were used, and the seeds were soaked in tap water at 10 ° C. before germination to sufficiently absorb the water. Thereafter, an appropriate amount of the seed was sown on a urethane mat, a sufficient amount of water was sprayed at an appropriate interval using a sprayer, and germination was performed at 30 ° C. for 2 days to prepare germinated Nijo barley.
Germinated rye wheat was prepared by using the rye “Haruka” seeds and carrying out the germination treatment in the same manner as Rokujo barley.
Using amaranthus “New Alaska” seeds, germination treatment was carried out in the same manner as six-row barley to prepare germinated amaranths.
Germination soybeans were prepared by using the seeds of soybean “Suzumaru” and carrying out germination treatment in the same manner as ordinary buckwheat.
Germination red beans were prepared by using the red beans “Shumari” seeds and carrying out the germination treatment in the same manner as ordinary buckwheat.

上記発芽種子を用い吸収処理は、以下の方法で行った。1%GABA、タウリン溶液を調製し、上記の方法で得られた各種発芽種子を上記溶液に25℃で12時間、浸漬させそれぞれGABA、タウリンを吸収させた(試験例1、2)。比較例(比較例1、2)の発芽種子は溶液の代わりに水を用い同条件で処理した。発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、吸収処理直後の発芽種子を用い高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用い山内らの方法(Food Sci. Technol. Res., 10, 247-253, 2004)によって行った。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表1(GABA)、表2(タウリン)に示す。これより、比較例の各種発芽種子に比べ、実施例の発芽種子では、いずれの種子でも十分な量のGABA、タウリン共に150mg/100DWを含有しており、本発明により、簡易、効率的にGABA、タウリン高含有発芽種子を生産できることが判る。   Absorption treatment using the germinated seeds was carried out by the following method. A 1% GABA and taurine solution was prepared, and various germinated seeds obtained by the above method were immersed in the solution at 25 ° C. for 12 hours to absorb GABA and taurine, respectively (Test Examples 1 and 2). Germinated seeds of the comparative examples (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) were treated under the same conditions using water instead of the solution. GABA and taurine in germinated seeds were quantified by the method of Yamauchi et al. (Food Sci. Technol. Res., 10, 247-253, 2004) using the germinated seeds immediately after the absorption treatment and using high performance liquid chromatography. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 1 (GABA) and Table 2 (taurine). Thus, compared to the various germinated seeds of the comparative examples, the germinated seeds of the examples each contain a sufficient amount of GABA and taurine of 150 mg / 100 DW, and according to the present invention, GABA is simple and efficient. It can be seen that germinated seeds with high taurine content can be produced.

実施例2
実施例1と同様に作製した発芽ダッタンソバ種子、発芽小麦種子について、GABA、タウリンをそれぞれ1%(W/W)含有する溶液を十分量1時間毎に5回噴霧器を用いて、噴霧し発芽種子にGABA、タウリンを同時に吸収させGABA、タウリン高含有発芽種子を製造した。比較例の発芽種子は溶液の代わりに水を用い同条件で処理した。発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、吸収直後の発芽種子を用い実施例1と同条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表3に示す。これより、比較例の発芽種子に比べ、実施例の発芽種子では、いずれの種子でも十分な量のGABA(各150mg/100gDW以上)、タウリン(各150mg/100gDW以上)を含有しており、本発明により、簡易、効率的に発芽種子に同時に2種の機能性の物質を吸収させることが可能であり、その結果として、GABA、タウリンを高濃度で含有する発芽種子を生産できることが判る。
Example 2
About germinated tartary buckwheat seed and germinated wheat seed produced in the same manner as in Example 1, a sufficient amount of a solution containing 1% (W / W) of GABA and taurine was sprayed 5 times every hour using a sprayer to germinate seeds. GABA and taurine were simultaneously absorbed into GABA and taurine-rich germinated seeds. The germinated seeds of the comparative example were treated under the same conditions using water instead of the solution. GABA and taurine in germinated seeds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as in Example 1 using germinated seeds immediately after absorption. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 3. Thus, in comparison with the germinated seeds of the comparative example, the germinated seeds of the examples contained sufficient amounts of GABA (each 150 mg / 100 gDW or more) and taurine (each 150 mg / 100 gDW or more). According to the invention, it is possible to easily and efficiently absorb germinated seeds simultaneously with two kinds of functional substances. As a result, it can be seen that germinated seeds containing GABA and taurine at high concentrations can be produced.

実施例3
GABA、タウリンを蓄積させた発芽種子の保存時におけるGABA、タウリン蓄積含量の安定性を調べるため、実施例2と同様の方法で調製したGABA、タウリンを蓄積させた発芽ダッタンソバス種子と発芽小麦種子を製造後40℃で十分に乾燥させ乾燥種子を製造し、ポリエチレン袋に入れ20℃、湿度70%、暗黒条件でのGABA、タウリン含量の安定性評価(貯蔵試験)を行った。発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、貯蔵経時で実施例1と同条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表4に示す。これより、どの乾燥発芽種子も保存中にGABA、タウリンの濃度の低下がほとんどなく、長期に安定的にそれぞれGABA、ビタミンU、タウリンを含有していることが判った。これより、本発明の方法によって作製されたGABA、タウリン高含有の発芽種子中のGABA、タウリンは保存中に分解等受けずに非常に安定的に保持されることが判る。
Example 3
In order to examine the stability of GABA and taurine accumulation content during storage of germinated seeds with GABA and taurine accumulated, germinated tartane sobas seeds and germinated wheat seeds with GABA and taurine accumulated in the same manner as in Example 2 After drying, the seeds were sufficiently dried at 40 ° C. to produce dried seeds, which were put in a polyethylene bag and evaluated for stability (storage test) of GABA and taurine contents at 20 ° C., 70% humidity and dark conditions. The GABA and taurine in the germinated seeds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as in Example 1 during storage. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 4. From this, it was found that any dried germinated seeds contained little GABA and taurine concentrations during storage and stably contained GABA, vitamin U, and taurine, respectively, for a long period of time. From this, it can be seen that GABA, taurine-rich GABA and taurine produced by the method of the present invention are held very stably without being decomposed during storage.

尚、上記保存時の水分の測定結果は以下のとおりである。
0日8.5%
5日8.3%
10日8.9%
20日8.3%
30日8.4%
In addition, the measurement result of the water | moisture content at the time of the said preservation | save is as follows.
0 days 8.5%
5.3% on the 5th
10 days 8.9%
20% 8.3%
30 days 8.4%

実施例4
GABA、タウリンを吸収させる場合のGABA、タウリンの濃度の影響を見るため、GABA、タウリンの濃度を変えた溶液を用いて、実施例1と同条件でGABA、タウリン高含有の発芽ダッタンソバ種子を作製し、吸収効率等に対する濃度の影響を評価した。発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、吸収処理直後の発芽種子を用い実施例1と同条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表5に示す。これより、GABA、タウリンいずれの溶液の場合にも0.5%以上の溶液を用いると効率よく発芽種子に吸収されることが判る。
Example 4
In order to observe the effects of GABA and taurine concentrations when GABA and taurine are absorbed, germinated tartary buckwheat seeds containing GABA and taurine in high concentrations are prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 using solutions with different GABA and taurine concentrations. Then, the influence of the concentration on the absorption efficiency and the like was evaluated. GABA and taurine in the germinated seeds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the germinated seeds immediately after the absorption treatment. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 5. From this, it can be seen that in the case of both GABA and taurine solutions, when 0.5% or more of the solution is used, the seeds are efficiently absorbed.

実施例5
GABA、タウリンをそれぞれ吸収させる場合の浸漬処理時間の影響を見るため、GABA、タウリンの浸漬時間を変えて、実施例1と同条件でGABA、タウリン高含有発芽タンソバス種子を製造し、吸収効率等に対する浸漬時間の影響を評価した。処理発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、生産直後のスプラウトを用い実施例1と同条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表6に示す。これより、GABA、タウリンいずれの溶液の場合にも12時間以上の浸漬処理を行うと効率よく吸収されることが明らかになった。但し、GABA、タウリンの場合は、浸漬時間を24時間に延ばしても12時間の場合と大差無いことが判る。
Example 5
In order to see the effect of the soaking time when GABA and taurine are absorbed, GABA and taurine soaking time are changed, and GABA and taurine-rich germinated tansobas seeds are produced under the same conditions as in Example 1. Absorption efficiency, etc. The effect of the immersion time on was evaluated. GABA and taurine in the treated germinated seeds were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a sprout immediately after production. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 6. From this, it was revealed that in the case of both GABA and taurine solutions, the solution was efficiently absorbed when immersed for 12 hours or more. However, in the case of GABA and taurine, it can be seen that even if the immersion time is extended to 24 hours, it is not much different from the case of 12 hours.

実施例6
GABA、タウリンを吸収させる場合の温度の影響を見るため、GABA、タウリンの吸収処理時の温度条件を変えて、実施例1と同条件で種々の温度でGABA、タウリン高含有発芽ダッタンソバ、発芽二条大麦を作製し、吸収効率等に対する温度の影響を評価した。発芽種子のGABA、タウリンの定量は、処理直後の発芽種子を用い実施例1と同条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。その結果を表7に示す。これより、GABA、タウリンいずれの溶液の場合にも15℃以上で浸漬処理を行うと効率よく吸収されることが明らかになった。
Example 6
In order to see the effect of temperature when GABA and taurine are absorbed, the temperature conditions during the absorption treatment of GABA and taurine are changed, and GABA and taurine high content germination tartary buckwheat and germination nijo at the same conditions as in Example 1. Barley was prepared and the effect of temperature on absorption efficiency and the like was evaluated. The GABA and taurine in the germinated seeds were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the germinated seeds immediately after the treatment. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight. The results are shown in Table 7. From these results, it was found that both GABA and taurine solutions can be efficiently absorbed by immersion treatment at 15 ° C. or higher.

実施例7
ダッタンソバ種子「北海T8号」、米種子「おぼろづき」、小麦種子「キタノカオリ」、二条大麦種子「ミカモゴールデン」、六条大麦種子「さやかぜ」、ライ麦種子「春香」、大豆「スズマル」種子発芽処理前に種子を15℃の水道水に浸漬し、十分に種子に水を吸収させた。その後、ウレタンマット上に適量の種子を播き、25℃で、3日間発芽処理を行って発芽穀物類を調製した。
Example 7
Tartary buckwheat seed "North Sea T8", rice seed "Orozuki", wheat seed "Kitano Kaori", Nijo barley seed "Mikamo Golden", Rokujo barley seed "Sayakaze", rye seed "Haruka", soybean "Suzumaru" before germination The seeds were immersed in tap water at 15 ° C. to sufficiently absorb the water. Thereafter, an appropriate amount of seeds was sown on a urethane mat and germinated at 25 ° C. for 3 days to prepare germinated grains.

上記発芽種子を用い吸収処理は、以下の方法で行った。1%GABA、タウリン溶液を調製し、上記の方法で得られた各種発芽種子を上記溶液に25℃で12時間、浸漬させそれぞれGABA、タウリンを吸収させた。これを「生」(未乾燥)・「半乾燥」(乾燥時間:12時間)・「乾燥」(乾燥時間: 48時間)の3種類の処理を行った。「生」は収穫後0.4mm厚ポリエチレン袋に密閉し4℃暗所で2週間冷蔵保存した。「半乾燥」は収穫後70℃で12時間温風乾燥後0.4mm厚ポリエチレン袋に密閉し4℃暗所で3週間冷蔵保存した。「乾燥」は70℃48時間温風乾燥後0.4mm厚ポリエチレン袋に密閉し4℃暗所で3週間冷蔵保存した。保存試験終了後直ちに概観および匂いを評価した。概観、匂い:非常に良好、 ○:良好、 △:やや劣る、 ×:劣る
さらに、保存前の各サンプル(「半乾燥」及び「乾燥」は乾燥後)について、GABA含量及びタウリン含量を測定した(サンプル数3反復の平均値)。
Absorption treatment using the germinated seeds was carried out by the following method. A 1% GABA / taurine solution was prepared, and various germinated seeds obtained by the above method were immersed in the solution at 25 ° C. for 12 hours to absorb GABA and taurine, respectively. This was subjected to three types of treatment: “raw” (undried), “semi-dried” (drying time: 12 hours), and “dry” (drying time: 48 hours). “Raw” was sealed in a 0.4 mm thick polyethylene bag after harvesting and stored refrigerated in a dark place at 4 ° C. for 2 weeks. “Semi-dried” was dried at 70 ° C. for 12 hours after warming and then sealed in a 0.4 mm thick polyethylene bag and stored in the dark at 4 ° C. for 3 weeks. “Dry” was dried at 70 ° C. for 48 hours in warm air, sealed in a 0.4 mm thick polyethylene bag, and refrigerated for 3 weeks in a dark place at 4 ° C. Immediately after the storage test, the appearance and odor were evaluated. Overview, smell: very good, ○: good, △: slightly inferior, ×: inferior In addition, GABA content and taurine content were measured for each sample before storage (“semi-dry” and “dry” after drying) (Average value of 3 samples).

GABA吸収発芽種子の結果を表8に示し、タウリン吸収発芽種子の結果を表9に示す。   The results of GABA-absorbing germinated seeds are shown in Table 8, and the results of taurine-absorbing germinating seeds are shown in Table 9.

いずれの発芽種子においても「乾燥」区ではカビ・腐れは無く、色、匂いともに良好で食品用途として十分利用可能であった。また、「半乾燥」区においては、「乾燥区」よりは概観、匂いはやや劣るものの、カビ・腐れは無く食品用途として利用可能であった。一方、「生」区は、いずれの植物種子においてもカビ・腐れが発生し、悪臭が発生したため食品用途としての利用は不可能であった。   All germinated seeds were free from mold and rot in the “dry” section, had good color and odor, and were sufficiently usable for food applications. In addition, the “semi-dry” section had a general appearance and smell slightly inferior to the “dry section”, but was free from mold and rot and could be used for food. On the other hand, the “raw” ward was not able to be used for food because mold and rot occurred in every plant seed and a bad odor was generated.

以上より、GABA、タウリンを吸収させた発芽穀物は、貯蔵性を高めるために「乾燥」区に準じた調製が好ましく、最低でも「半乾燥」以上の調整が必須となる。具体的には、水分含量は10%以下が好ましく、最低でも15%以下にする必要がある。   From the above, germinated cereal grains that have absorbed GABA and taurine are preferably prepared in accordance with the “dry” section in order to increase storage stability, and at least “semi-dry” adjustment is essential. Specifically, the water content is preferably 10% or less, and at least 15% or less.

実施例8
実施例1と同条件でGABA、タウリン高含有の発芽小麦種子、発芽ダッタンソバ種子、発芽アマランサス種子を作製し、得られた種子を40℃で12時間温風乾燥を行い十分に乾燥させた。次に、この乾燥種子を市販のコーヒーミルで適度に粉砕し粉末を得た。そして、この粉末と吸収処理無の同様の上記種子粉末を用い表8に示す食パン配合で発酵80分のストレート法で山型食パンを製造した。得られたパンについて、パンの品質を吸収処理無の発芽種子粉末添加の比較例のパンと比較評価した。製パン評価は、5人のパネラーによる製パン時の生地の状態、パンの内相、食感、風味の評価と菜種置換法による比容積により行った。なお、本発明の全ての実施例において、配合は小麦粉100に対する重量部で示した。
Example 8
Germinated wheat seeds, germinated tartary buckwheat seeds, and germinated amaranth seeds containing GABA and taurine high content were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the obtained seeds were dried with warm air at 40 ° C. for 12 hours and sufficiently dried. Next, the dried seed was moderately pulverized with a commercially available coffee mill to obtain a powder. Then, using this powder and the same seed powder without absorption treatment, a bread-shaped bread was produced by the straight method of fermentation for 80 minutes with the bread composition shown in Table 8. About the obtained bread | pan, the quality of bread | pan was compared and evaluated with the bread | pan of the comparative example of the germination seed powder addition without an absorption process. Evaluation of bread making was carried out based on the evaluation of the state of dough at the time of bread making by five panelists, the inner phase of bread, the texture, and the flavor, and the specific volume by the rapeseed replacement method. In all examples of the present invention, the formulation is shown in parts by weight with respect to 100 flour.

以下にパンの製造条件を示す。
ミキシング:全原料をミキサーに入れ、135rpmでミキシングピーク時間後10秒程 度までミキシング
分割・丸め:生地量100gずつ手分割、丸め
ベンチ :30℃、20分
成型 :モルダー、シーターにて成型
ホイロ :温度38℃、湿度85%、70分
焼成 :200℃、25分
The production conditions for bread are shown below.
Mixing: Put all raw materials in a mixer, mixing at 135 rpm up to about 10 seconds after the mixing peak time: Dividing and rounding by hand: 100 g of dough by hand, rounding bench: 30 ° C, 20 minutes Molding: Molding with molder and sheeter: Temperature 38 ° C, humidity 85%, 70 minutes firing: 200 ° C, 25 minutes

その結果を表10に示す。この結果から、それぞれの吸収処理無の粉末添加の比較例のパンに比べ試験例のパンは、内相、食感、風味、比容積等殆ど差が無く同等の良好な評価であった。一方、GABA含量は比較例に比べ明らかに高く、全ての試験例のパンで40mg/100gDW以上であった。以上の結果から、試験例のパンは品質的にも良好であり、機能性成分のGABAを十分量含量しており、差別化されたパンとして十分商品性があると考えられる。   The results are shown in Table 10. From these results, the bread of the test example was evaluated as equally good as there was almost no difference in the internal phase, texture, flavor, specific volume, etc., compared to the bread of the comparative example to which no powder was added. On the other hand, the GABA content was obviously higher than that of the comparative example, and was 40 mg / 100 g DW or more in all the test examples. From the above results, it is considered that the bread of the test example is also good in quality, has a sufficient amount of the functional ingredient GABA, and is sufficiently commercial as a differentiated bread.

実施例9
実施例8で使用したGABA高含有の発芽小麦種子、発芽アマランサス種子粉末を用い、下記に示すソバ麺(以下、ソバ)の製造条件で表9に示す配合でソバを製造した。その後、表2の項目について5人のパネラーによって官能評価を行った。
Example 9
Using the germinated wheat seed and germinated amaranth seed powder used in Example 8, the buckwheat noodles (hereinafter referred to as buckwheat) were produced under the conditions shown in Table 9 under the following production conditions. Then, sensory evaluation was performed about the item of Table 2 by five panelists.

・ミキシング:縦型ミキサー、低速3分、中低速7分
・製麺:冷麺製造機を用いて(生粉打ち名人)を用いてノズル(直径2mm)
からの押し出し式で製麺
・切り出し :麺の長さ25cm前後
・ゆで :沸騰水中で約1分
・ Mixing: Vertical mixer, low speed 3 minutes, medium and low speed 7 minutes ・ Noodle making: Using cold noodle making machine (raw flour master) nozzle (diameter 2 mm)
Making noodles and cutting with the extrusion method from: noodle length around 25cm ・ boiled: about 1 minute in boiling water

麺の評価は、生麺は製麺直後、ゆで麺の場合ゆでた後冷水で麺表面のぬめりを取るために、冷水で短時間表面を洗った後評価した。その結果を表11に示す。品質評価は、5人のパネラーにより、吸収処理無の発芽種子粉末添加の比較例の麺と比較して生麺の場合、麺の繋がり具合、表面の状態、色等の評価を行い、ゆで麺の場合、麺の色、食感、風味、表面の外観について5段階の官能評価によって行った。また、全ての茹で麺から、GABAを抽出し、実施例1と同様に定量を行った。含量はDW重量当たりの含量で示した。
以上の結果から、比較例の麺と比較し、試験例の麺は、生麺、ゆで麺共にほぼ同等の品質を示し、ソバとして良好な品質であることが明らかになった。また、機能性成分のGABA含量については、試験例のゆで麺は60mg/100DW以上の十分な量含量しており、本GABA含有ソバは差別化されたソバとして十分商品性があると考えられる。
The noodles were evaluated after washing the surface with cold water for a short time in order to remove the noodle surface with cold water after boiled noodles were boiled immediately after noodle making. The results are shown in Table 11. In the case of raw noodles, the quality evaluation is performed by five panelists in the case of raw noodles compared to the noodles of the comparative example with no germination seed powder added without absorption treatment, and the boiled noodles are evaluated. In this case, the color, texture, flavor and surface appearance of the noodles were evaluated by a five-step sensory evaluation. In addition, GABA was extracted from all boiled noodles and quantified in the same manner as in Example 1. The content was expressed as a content per DW weight.
From the above results, it was clarified that the noodles of the test example showed almost the same quality as the raw noodles and the boiled noodles as compared with the noodles of the comparative example, and the quality was good as buckwheat. In addition, regarding the GABA content of the functional component, the boiled noodles in the test examples have a sufficient content of 60 mg / 100 DW or more, and the present GABA-containing buckwheat is considered to be sufficiently commercial as a differentiated buckwheat.

実施例10
実施例8と同様のGABA高含有の発芽小麦種子、発芽ダッタンソバ種子、発芽アマランサス種子粉末と吸収処理無の発芽種子粉末を用い、表12に示す配合でクッキーを作製し、吸収処理無の粉末から作った比較例のクッキーと比較して、クッキー生地調整時の状態、得られたクッキーについて、色、食感、風味、外観の官能評価を5人のパネラーによって行った。
Example 10
Using the same GABA-rich germinated wheat seeds, germinating tartary buckwheat seeds, germinating amaranth seed powder and germinating seed powder without absorption treatment as in Example 8, a cookie was prepared with the composition shown in Table 12, and from the powder without absorption treatment Compared with the cookies of the comparative example made, the state at the time of adjusting the cookie dough, and the obtained cookies were subjected to sensory evaluation of color, texture, flavor, and appearance by five panelists.

クッキーの製造は以下のようにして行った。バターを湯煎にかけやわらかくして砂糖を加えてよく混合する。次に全卵を少量ずつ加え十分に混合し、それに更に小麦粉、上記発芽穀物粉末を加え十分に混合する。得られた生地を絞りだし器に入れ、10g程度ずつクッキングシートにしぼり出し、オーブンで180℃、13分焼成する。   Cookies were manufactured as follows. Put butter in a water bath, soften, add sugar and mix well. Next, add whole eggs in small portions and mix well, and then add flour and the germinated cereal powder to mix well. The obtained dough is put into a squeezer, squeezed into a cooking sheet about 10 g at a time, and baked in an oven at 180 ° C. for 13 minutes.

官能評価結果を表12に示す。これより、比較例のクッキーに比べ試験例のクッキーは、全ての官能評価項目について殆ど同等な良好な品質を示した。一方、GABA含量は比較例に比べ明らかに高く、全ての試験例のクッキーで60mg/100gDW以上であった。以上の結果から、試験例のクッキーは品質的にも良好であり、機能性成分のGABAを十分量含有しており、差別化されたクッキーとして十分商品性があると考えられる。   The sensory evaluation results are shown in Table 12. From this, the cookies of the test example showed almost the same good quality for all the sensory evaluation items as compared with the cookies of the comparative example. On the other hand, the GABA content was clearly higher than that of the comparative example, and was 60 mg / 100 g DW or more for the cookies of all the test examples. From the above results, it is considered that the cookies of the test examples are good in quality, contain a sufficient amount of the functional ingredient GABA, and are sufficiently commercial as a differentiated cookie.

実施例11
吸収処理用のGABA水溶液の濃度を3倍にした以外実施例1と同条件でGABA高含有の発芽大麦種子、発芽ダンタンソバ種子を作製し、得られた種子を60℃、4時間温風乾燥を行い、お茶用の乾燥発芽種子を調製した。次に、この乾燥発芽種子を用い以下の条件で穀物茶を調製した。お湯1000mlの入ったヤカンに上記の乾燥発芽種子10gを添加し、ガスコンロで加熱し沸騰した後弱火で10分間保持し、穀物茶を調製した。得られた穀物茶について、その品質をGABA吸収無処理の乾燥発芽種子を用いて同条件で調製した比較例のお茶と比較評価した。お茶の評価は色、香り、味について5人のパネラーにより官能評価した。また、全てのお茶中のGABA含量を実施例1と同様の方法によって定量した。GABA含量はお茶100ml中の含量で示した。
Example 11
Germinated barley seeds and germinated Dantan buckwheat seeds with high GABA content were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the GABA aqueous solution for absorption treatment was tripled. And dried germinated seeds for tea were prepared. Next, cereal tea was prepared using the dried germinated seeds under the following conditions. Grain tea was prepared by adding 10 g of the dried germinated seeds to a kettle containing 1000 ml of hot water, heating on a gas stove, boiling and holding for 10 minutes on low heat. About the obtained grain tea, the quality was compared with the tea of the comparative example prepared on the same conditions using the dry germination seed without GABA absorption treatment. The tea was sensory-evaluated by five panelists for color, aroma and taste. The GABA content in all teas was quantified by the same method as in Example 1. The GABA content is shown as the content in 100 ml of tea.

表13に調製した穀物茶の評価結果を示す。これより、比較例のお茶に比べ、試験例のお茶は色、香り、味の官能評価において大差は無く殆ど同等の良好な結果を示した。しかし、GABA含量については、両者で大きな差が有り、試験例のお茶がいずれも30mg/100mlお茶以上という高濃度のGABAを含有するのに対し、比較例のその含量は非常に少ない量であった。
以上の結果から、本発明のGABA高含有の発芽穀物種子乾燥物を用いることによって、非常に高濃度のGABAを含有する機能性の期待できる高品質の穀物茶を製造できることが判る。
Table 13 shows the evaluation results of the prepared grain tea. From this, compared with the tea of the comparative example, the tea of the test example showed almost the same good results with no significant difference in sensory evaluation of color, aroma and taste. However, regarding the GABA content, there is a large difference between the two, and all of the teas in the test examples contained GABA at a high concentration of 30 mg / 100 ml tea or more, whereas the content in the comparative example was very small. It was.
From the above results, it can be seen that by using the dried germinated cereal seeds of the present invention, it is possible to produce a high-quality cereal tea that can be expected to have a functionality containing a very high concentration of GABA.

本発明は、機能性成分高含有の発芽種子製造等により農業、食品分野に有用である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is useful in agriculture and food fields by producing germinated seeds containing a high content of functional ingredients.

Claims (9)

タウリン含有量が、35mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が15%以下であり、0.5〜3日間発芽処理をすることで得られる発芽種子。 Taurine content, 35 mg / 100gDW or more, and the moisture content of Ri der than 15%, the germinated seed obtained by a 0.5 to 3 days germination. タウリン含有量が、50mg/100gDW以上であり、かつ水分含量が10%以下である請求項に記載の発芽種子。 The germinated seed according to claim 1 , wherein the taurine content is 50 mg / 100 g DW or more and the water content is 10% or less. 種子が穀物または豆類種子である請求項1又は2に記載の発芽種子。 The germinated seed according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the seed is a grain or legume seed. 種子を0.5〜3日間の発芽処理に供して発芽種子を得る工程、
得られた発芽種子をタウリンを含有する水溶液に、タウリンの濃度が35mg/100gDW以上となる時間浸漬する工程、及び
得られた発芽種子を水分含量が15%以下になるまで乾燥する工程
を含む、請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の発芽種子の製造方法。
A step of subjecting seeds to germination treatment for 0.5 to 3 days to obtain germinated seeds;
The resulting germinating seeds in an aqueous solution containing the data Gaulin, drying step dipping time concentration data Gaulin is 35 mg / 100gDW above, and the resulting germinated seeds to a moisture content is below 15% including, of germinated seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 manufacturing method.
前記発芽種子の乾燥が、35〜50℃で行われる、請求項に記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 4 , wherein the germination seed is dried at 35 to 50 ° C. 前記発芽種子の水溶液への浸漬時間は、〜24時間とする請求項4又は5に記載の製造方法。 The manufacturing method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the immersion time of the germinated seed in an aqueous solution is 4 to 24 hours. 前記発芽種子の前記水溶液への浸漬は10〜35℃の温度で実施される、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the germination seed is immersed in the aqueous solution at a temperature of 10 to 35 ° C. 請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の発芽種子を用いる食品の製造方法。 Using germinated seed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 manufacturing method of food. 製造される食品がパン類、麺類、菓子類、茶類である請求項記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 8 , wherein the food to be produced is breads, noodles, confectionery, teas.
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