JP5421530B2 - 二酸化窒素(no2)の酸化窒素(no)への変換 - Google Patents
二酸化窒素(no2)の酸化窒素(no)への変換 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ニトロシルラジカルとも呼ばれる酸化窒素(NO)は、肺静脈内の重要なシグナリング分子であるフリーラジカルである。酸化窒素(NO)は、肺動脈圧の上昇により生じる肺高血圧を緩和することができる。たとえば20〜100ppmの範囲の、低濃度の酸化窒素(NO)吸入は、肺血管の血管拡張によって哺乳動物の肺高血圧を迅速且つ安全に低減することができる。
1つの全体的な態様において、二酸化窒素を酸化窒素に変換する装置は、容器を備える。容器は、入口、出口、及び、酸化防止剤の水溶液で被覆された表面活性材料を備える。入口は、ガス流を受け取り、このガス流を、ガス流中の二酸化窒素が酸化窒素に変換されるように、表面活性材料を通して出口へと流体連通させるように構成される。
容器は、入口及び出口両方の付近にスクリーン及びグラスウールを備えることができる。スクリーン及びグラスウールは、容器に挿入する前に、酸化防止剤の水溶液に浸すことができる。
その他の特徴が、添付の図面及び特許請求の範囲を含めた、以下の説明から明らかになるであろう。
酸化窒素(NO)を、治療的使用のために哺乳動物へと送達する場合、哺乳動物への二酸化窒素(NO2)の送達を回避することが重要となる可能性がある。二酸化窒素(NO2)は、酸素(O2)による酸化窒素(NO)の酸化によって形成することができる。二酸化窒素(NO2)形成の比率は、酸素(O2)濃度に酸化窒素(NO)濃度の二乗を乗算したもの、すなわち(O2)*(NO)*(NO)=NO2に比例する。
いくつかの実施態様では、透過セル238並びに/又は2つの変換カートリッジ240及び245は、使い捨て可能な物品とすることができる。
いくつかの実施態様では、活性アルミナカートリッジ660を、GENOカートリッジで置換することができる。
システム1200は、治療用NOガスを患者へと緊急体制で送達するために用いることができる。そのような状況の例は、救急医療士、衛生兵又は野戦病院、及び、病院の救急治療室又は外傷センターによる使用を含む。
長さ6インチ、直径1.5インチのカートリッジを、NO発生カートリッジとして使用した。約90gのメッシュサイズ35〜70のシリカゲルを、25%のアスコルビン酸溶液で浸し、カートリッジ内に配置する前に室温で2時間空気乾燥させた。NO2の供給源ガスとして、NO2透過管を使用した。空気ポンプから150cc/分の速度で、空気を透過管に流入させ、この空気がカートリッジを出た後に、(同様に空気ポンプからの)3L/分の周囲空気と混合させた。透過管を、32℃に温度設定されたオーブン内に配置して、カートリッジのために20ppmのNO2の定常的な流れを提供した。カートリッジは、100%のNO2をNOに変換することを止めるまで269時間持続し、破過点に到達した。
2つのカートリッジをそれぞれ、メッシュサイズ35〜70のシリカゲル、及び約40gのシリカゲルを用いて充填した。シリカゲルを、25%のアスコルビン酸溶液が完全に浸透するまで浸すことによって調製し、次いでオーブン内で1時間、240°F(約115.6℃)で乾燥させた。アスコルビン酸溶液は、25gのアスコルビン酸を100mlの脱イオン水中に混合することによって調整した。
シリカゲルからの水/アスコルビン酸溶液の滴下をなくすために、シリカゲルを窒素ガスなどのガスを用いて乾燥させることによって、実験結果を改善することができる。
長さ6インチ直径1.5インチのプラスチックPVCカートリッジを、NO発生カートリッジとして使用した。カートリッジの内側に、アスコルビン酸−シリカ混合物を充填した。アスコルビン酸とシリカの混合物を作り出すために、メッシュサイズ35〜70を約108g使用した。シリカゲルを25%のアスコルビン酸溶液に浸し、次いでオーブン内で1時間を超えて240°F(約115.6℃)で焼成した。25gのアスコルビン酸を100mlの脱イオン水に溶解させることによって、アスコルビン酸溶液を調製した。
メッシュサイズ35〜70のシリカゲルを25%のアスコルビン酸に浸すことによってカートリッジを調製し、約1時間自然乾燥させた。透過管をNO2の供給源とし、KinTekオーブンを使用して、必要とされるNO2のレベルを40ppmへと上昇させた。この濃度を達成するために、オーブンを45℃に設定した。空気ポンプを使用して、空気を200cc/分の速度で透過管へと送達した。また空気ポンプを使用して、希釈空気を3L/分の速度で提供した。NO2の供給に湿度を加えるために、水で満たした2つのジャーを、空気が透過管に入るより前に200cc/分の空気に取り付けた。これは、NO2供給源に入る空気が水分を多く含み、従ってカートリッジに入るNO2もまた水分を多く含むことを確実にするのに役立った。ほぼ5日間ごとに、第1のジャー内の水が管機構の端部より下に低下し、水位を管端部の底部より上とするように補充が必要となった。第2のジャーは、実験の間ずっと操作されることがなかった。カートリッジは、100%のNO2をNOに変換することを止めるまで409時間持続し、破過点に到達した。
長さ6インチ及び直径1.5インチのカートリッジを、メッシュサイズ35〜70ののシリカゲル108gを用いて調製した。シリカゲルを、25%のアスコルビン酸溶液に浸し、室温(約70°F(約21℃))で約2時間乾燥させた。空気乾燥されたシリカゲルを、カートリッジの内側に配置した。
メッシュサイズ35〜70のシリカゲル40gを、33%のアスコルビン酸溶液に浸し、カートリッジ内に配置する前に、オーブン内で240°F(約115.6℃)で乾燥させた。空気ポンプを通る流量3L/分の周囲空気を、タンクから流量200cc/分の1000ppmのNO2と混合させ、それによって、3.2L/分の総流量、及び全体で60ppmのNO2を含むNO2/空気混合物を作り出した。カートリッジは、その100%の変換能力を失うまで、25時間持続した。これは、カートリッジ内で使用するシリカゲル/アスコルビン酸を少なくすると、カートリッジが同じ時間は持続しないことを示す。
その他の実施態様は、添付の特許請求の範囲の範囲内に包含される。
Claims (26)
- 二酸化窒素を酸化窒素に変換するための装置であって、入口と、出口と、酸化防止剤の水溶液で被覆された表面活性材料とを有する容器を備え、前記入口がガス流を受け取り、前記ガス流を前記表面活性材料を通して前記出口へと流体連通させ、その結果前記ガス流中の二酸化窒素が酸化窒素へと変換されるように構成されており、該酸化防止剤が、アスコルビン酸、αトコフェロール、又はγトコフェロールである、前記装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、前記酸化防止剤の前記水溶液で浸透される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、水分を保持する基質を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、シリカゲルを含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記シリカゲルが、35から70のメッシュサイズである、請求項4記載の装置。
- 前記容器が、カートリッジを含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記容器が、周囲温度にある、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、アスコルビン酸の水溶液を用いて調製される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、20%のアスコルビン酸水溶液を使用して調製される、請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、25%のアスコルビン酸水溶液を使用して調製される、請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、30%のアスコルビン酸水溶液を使用して調製される、請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、前記表面活性材料をアスコルビン酸の水溶液に浸し、前記表面活性材料を前記容器内に挿入する前に前記表面活性材料を空気乾燥させることによって調製される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、前記表面活性材料をアスコルビン酸の水溶液に浸し、前記表面活性材料を容器内に挿入する前に、ガスを用いて前記表面活性材料を乾燥させることによって調製される、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記容器が、前記入口及び前記出口の両方に隣接する、スクリーン及びグラスウールを備える、請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記スクリーン及びグラスウールが、前記容器に挿入される前に前記酸化防止剤の前記水溶液に浸される、請求項14記載の装置。
- 哺乳動物への治療用ガスの送達に使用される、酸化窒素を含む前記治療用ガスを発生するための装置であって、
液体二酸化窒素を有し、気体状の二酸化窒素を空気流中へと拡散することができる透過セルと、
入口、出口、及び酸化防止剤の水溶液で被覆された表面活性材料を備える容器であって、前記入口が、前記透過セルからの前記空気流を受け取り、前記空気流を、前記表面活性材料を通して前記出口へと流体連通させて、前記気体状の二酸化窒素を周囲温度にて酸化窒素に変換するように構成される前記容器とを備え、
該酸化防止剤が、アスコルビン酸、αトコフェロール、又はγトコフェロールである、前記装置。 - 前記表面活性材料が、前記酸化防止剤の前記水溶液で浸透される、請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、水分を保持する基質を含む、請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記表面活性材料が、シリカゲルを含む、請求項16記載の装置。
- 空気流を生み出すことができる空気ポンプをさらに備え、前記透過セルが、前記空気ポンプによって生み出される前記空気流を受け取るように構成される、請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記空気ポンプが携帯可能である、請求項20記載の装置。
- 空気流中に酸素を供給することができる酸素富化装置をさらに備え、
前記透過セルが、前記酸素富化装置によって富化された前記空気流を受け取るように構成される、請求項16記載の装置。 - 前記容器が、カートリッジを含む、請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記容器が第1の容器であり、前記装置が、第2の入口と、第2の出口と、酸化防止剤の水溶液で被覆された第2の表面活性材料とを備える第2の容器をさらに備え、このとき前記第2の入口が前記第1の容器からの前記空気流を受け取り、前記空気流を前記第2の表面活性材料を通して前記第2の出口へと流体連通させて、前記気体状の二酸化窒素を周囲温度にて酸化窒素に変換するように構成される、請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記哺乳動物が呼吸をするとき膨張及び収縮するように動作可能な、可撓性バッグをさらに備え、
このとき前記第2の容器が、前記可撓性バッグと、前記酸化窒素を有する前記空気流が前記哺乳動物へと送達される地点との間に配置される、請求項24記載の装置。 - 前記容器が、第1の容器であり、前記装置がさらに、第2の入口と、第2の出口と、活性アルミナとを備える第2の容器を備え、前記第2の入口は、前記第1の容器からの前記空気流を受け取り、前記空気流を前記活性アルミナを通して前記第2の出口へと流体連通させて、前記気体状の二酸化窒素を周囲温度にて捕獲するように構成された、請求項16記載の装置。
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