JP5416391B2 - smoke detector - Google Patents

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JP5416391B2
JP5416391B2 JP2008297339A JP2008297339A JP5416391B2 JP 5416391 B2 JP5416391 B2 JP 5416391B2 JP 2008297339 A JP2008297339 A JP 2008297339A JP 2008297339 A JP2008297339 A JP 2008297339A JP 5416391 B2 JP5416391 B2 JP 5416391B2
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determination
level
fire
detection
determination level
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JP2010123004A (en
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卓 福井
光輝 畑谷
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2008297339A priority Critical patent/JP5416391B2/en
Application filed by Panasonic Corp, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Panasonic Corp
Priority to CA2722958A priority patent/CA2722958C/en
Priority to CN200980124493.7A priority patent/CN102077256B/en
Priority to AU2009239074A priority patent/AU2009239074B2/en
Priority to US12/736,598 priority patent/US8552355B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2009/057922 priority patent/WO2009131119A1/en
Priority to EP09736033.3A priority patent/EP2273466A4/en
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Description

本発明は、火災時に発生する煙を感知し発報する煙感知器に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a smoke detector that detects and reports smoke generated during a fire.

従来から、この種の煙感知器Ａとして、図４に示すようにハウジング２０内に検知空間Ｘを有し、この検知空間Ｘに向けて間欠的に光を出力するＬＥＤ（発光部）７と、ＬＥＤ７からの直接光が入射しない位置に配置され受光した光を電流に変換するフォトダイオード（受光部）ＰＤとを備えたものが知られている。この煙感知器Ａでは、検知空間Ｘ内に煙が流入すると、ＬＥＤ７からの光が検知空間Ｘ内の煙で拡散反射されることによりフォトダイオードＰＤでのＬＥＤ７からの光の受光量が増加し、フォトダイオードＰＤから出力される電流量が煙濃度に応じて増加する（たとえば特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, as this kind of smoke detector A, there is a detection space X in the housing 20 as shown in FIG. 4, and an LED (light emitting part) 7 that outputs light intermittently toward the detection space X; A device including a photodiode (light receiving unit) PD that is disposed at a position where direct light from the LED 7 is not incident and converts received light into current is known. In this smoke detector A, when smoke flows into the detection space X, the light from the LED 7 is diffused and reflected by the smoke in the detection space X, thereby increasing the amount of light received from the LED 7 at the photodiode PD. The amount of current output from the photodiode PD increases according to the smoke density (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

この種の煙感知器Ａにおいては、ハウジング２０内に収納された検知回路１に、フォトダイオードＰＤでの受光強度に基づいて検知空間Ｘ内の煙濃度に相当する検出値を求める検出処理部と、当該検出値を所定の火災判定レベルと比較する判定処理部とが設けられている。そして、検出値が火災判定レベル以上であれば検知空間Ｘ内の煙濃度が規定値以上であると判定し、火災の発生を発報するように構成されている。   In this type of smoke detector A, a detection processing unit that obtains a detection value corresponding to the smoke density in the detection space X based on the received light intensity of the photodiode PD in the detection circuit 1 housed in the housing 20; A determination processing unit that compares the detected value with a predetermined fire determination level is provided. And if a detection value is more than a fire determination level, it will determine with the smoke density | concentration in the detection space X being more than a regulation value, and it is comprised so that generation | occurrence | production of a fire may be reported.

ところで、上述した構成の煙感知器Ａでは、検知空間Ｘ内に流入した煙だけでなく、検知空間Ｘの内周面に堆積した塵埃等の汚れによっても検出値が増加する。すなわち、検知空間Ｘの内周面に汚れが付着すると、当該汚れによってもＬＥＤ７からの光が拡散反射されてフォトダイオードＰＤで受光されることとなり、検出値の増加につながる。この場合、計測される検出値は実際の煙濃度に相当する値よりも高くなるので、検知空間Ｘ内の煙濃度が規定値未満であるにもかかわらず検出値が火災判定レベルに達し、誤って火災の発生を発報する（いわゆる非火災報を生じる）可能性がある。   By the way, in the smoke detector A having the above-described configuration, the detection value is increased not only by the smoke flowing into the detection space X but also by dirt such as dust accumulated on the inner peripheral surface of the detection space X. That is, when dirt is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the detection space X, the light from the LED 7 is diffusely reflected by the dirt and received by the photodiode PD, leading to an increase in the detection value. In this case, since the measured detection value is higher than the value corresponding to the actual smoke density, the detection value reaches the fire judgment level even though the smoke density in the detection space X is less than the specified value, and the May generate a fire (so-called non-fire report).

そこで、特許文献１に記載の発明では、検知空間Ｘ内の煙の有無を判定する際に、検知空間Ｘ内の汚れに起因した検出値の変化量である汚れ状態レベルを検出し、当該汚れ状態レベルを検出値から減算する補正を行い、補正後の検出値に基づいて火災判定（煙の有無の判定）を行う構成を採用している。   Therefore, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, when determining the presence or absence of smoke in the detection space X, a contamination state level that is a change amount of a detection value caused by contamination in the detection space X is detected, and the contamination is detected. A configuration is adopted in which correction is performed by subtracting the state level from the detection value, and fire determination (determination of presence / absence of smoke) is performed based on the detection value after correction.

ただし、特許文献１記載の発明においては、汚れ状態レベルを検出する処理と火災判定の処理とを別々に行っており、火災判定を行う度に毎回、汚れ状態レベルを検出し且つ当該汚れ状態レベルを検出値から減算する補正処理が必要となるので、火災判定に必要な処理が多くなるという問題がある。   However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the process of detecting the dirt state level and the process of fire determination are performed separately, and each time a fire determination is made, the dirt state level is detected and the dirt state level is detected. Therefore, there is a problem in that the number of processes necessary for fire determination increases.

一方、煙感知器Ａとしては、上述したような検知空間Ｘ内の汚れの有無や煙感知器Ａ自体の故障の有無などの状態を、動作状態として判定する機能を持ったものも提案されている。この煙感知器Ａでは、ユーザが、火災発生の有無の他、各種動作状態も確認することができるので、これらの動作状態に基づいて適切な措置（検出値の補正や煙感知器の修理など）を行うことができる。
特開平１０−３３４３６３号公報 On the other hand, as the smoke detector A, there has been proposed a device having a function of determining the state of the detection space X as described above, such as the presence or absence of contamination or the presence or absence of a failure of the smoke detector A itself, as an operating state. Yes. In the smoke detector A, the user can check various operation states in addition to the presence or absence of a fire, so appropriate measures (correction of detection values, repair of the smoke detector, etc.) based on these operation states )It can be performed.
JP 10-334363 A

しかしながら、この種の煙感知器Ａでは、各種動作状態を判定する回路がそれぞれ火災判定用の回路と別に必要であるため回路構成が複雑になることや、動作状態を判定する処理を火災判定の処理とは別に行うため、火災判定のみを行う場合に比べて判定に要する時間が長くなることが問題になる。   However, this type of smoke detector A requires a circuit for determining various operating states separately from the circuit for determining fire, so that the circuit configuration becomes complicated, and the process for determining the operating state is a fire determining process. Since the process is performed separately from the process, the problem is that the time required for the determination becomes longer than when only the fire determination is performed.

本発明は上記事由に鑑みてなされたものであって、火災の有無以外の動作状態を判定しながらも、火災判定のみを行う場合に比べて回路構成が複雑になったり判定に要する時間が長くなったりすることのない煙感知器を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and the circuit configuration is complicated or the time required for the determination is longer than when only the fire determination is performed while determining the operation state other than the presence or absence of the fire. It is an object to provide a smoke detector that does not become unusable.

請求項１の発明では、検知空間内に向けて間欠的に光を出力する発光部と、発光部からの直接光は入射せず検知空間内に流入した煙により拡散反射された発光部からの光が入射する位置に配置された受光部と、受光部での受光強度に基づいて検知空間内の煙濃度に相当する検出値を求める検出処理部と、検出値に基づいて火災の有無を判定する判定処理部とを備え、判定処理部は、複数段階の判定レベルを記憶する記憶手段と、前記検出値を判定レベルと比較する判定手段とを有し、判定レベルは、検知空間内に煙がない状態での検出値に相当する基準レベルと、基準レベルより高く設定され火災の判定基準となる火災判定レベルと、火災判定レベルより低く設定され基準レベルと火災判定レベルとの少なくとも一方を用いて算出され火災以外の所定の状態の判定基準となる状態判定レベルとを含み、前記状態判定レベルは、前記基準レベルより低く設定される故障判定レベルと、前記基準レベルより高く設定される汚れ判定レベルとを含み、判定手段は、前記検出値を前記判定レベルと比較する１回の処理で、前記検出値が火災判定レベル以上であれば火災と判定し、前記検出値が故障判定レベル未満であれば故障と判定し、前記検出値が汚れ判定レベル以上で且つ火災判定レベル未満であれば検知空間内に汚れ有りと判定することを特徴とする。
In the first aspect of the present invention, the light emitting unit intermittently outputs light toward the detection space, and the light from the light emitting unit diffusely reflected by the smoke that does not enter the direct light from the light emitting unit and flows into the detection space. A light receiving unit arranged at a position where light is incident, a detection processing unit that obtains a detection value corresponding to the smoke density in the detection space based on the light reception intensity at the light receiving unit, and the presence or absence of a fire based on the detection value A determination processing unit that includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of determination levels, and a determination unit that compares the detection value with the determination level. The determination level is smoke in the detection space. Use at least one of the reference level corresponding to the detected value when there is no fire, the fire judgment level set higher than the reference level and used as a fire judgment standard, and the reference level and fire judgment level set lower than the fire judgment level Calculated after the fire A state determination level that is a determination criterion for the predetermined state, the state determination level includes a failure determination level set lower than the reference level, and a dirt determination level set higher than the reference level, The determination means determines a fire if the detection value is equal to or higher than a fire determination level in one process of comparing the detection value with the determination level, and determines a failure if the detection value is less than the failure determination level. If the detection value is equal to or higher than the dirt determination level and lower than the fire determination level, it is determined that the detection space is dirty.

この構成によれば、判定手段は、検出値が火災判定レベル以上であれば火災と判定し、検出値が火災判定レベル未満であれば、検出値と状態判定レベルとの大小関係に応じて所定の状態を判定するので、検出値を判定レベルと比較する１回の処理で火災の有無と火災以外の状態との両方を判定することができる。したがって、火災の有無以外の動作状態を判定しながらも、火災判定のみを行う場合に比べて回路構成が複雑になったり判定に要する時間が長くなったりすることがないという利点がある。 According to this configuration, the determination unit determines that the fire is detected if the detection value is equal to or higher than the fire determination level, and is predetermined according to the magnitude relationship between the detection value and the state determination level if the detection value is less than the fire determination level. since determining the state can be determined both the state other than the presence or absence and fire a fire in comparison to a single process the detection value and the determination level. Therefore, there is an advantage that the circuit configuration is not complicated and the time required for the determination does not become longer than when only the fire determination is performed while determining the operation state other than the presence or absence of the fire.

また、この構成によれば、光学系の異常などにより検出値が正常範囲から外れた場合に、故障と判定することができる。さらに、判定手段は、汚れ判定レベルを用いることで検知空間内の汚れの有無も判定することができる。 Further , according to this configuration, when the detected value is out of the normal range due to an abnormality in the optical system or the like, it can be determined that there is a failure. Furthermore, the determination means can determine the presence or absence of dirt in the detection space by using the dirt judgment level.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明において、前記故障判定レベルが、前記基準レベルを用いて算出されることを特徴とする。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the failure determination level is calculated using the reference level.

この構成によれば、故障判定レベルを単独で設定する必要がなく、判定レベルの設定の手間が省けるという利点がある。   According to this configuration, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to set the failure determination level independently, and the time and effort for setting the determination level can be saved.

請求項３の発明は、請求項１または請求項２の発明において、前記判定手段が、所定のタイミングで汚れの有無を確認して規定値以上の頻度で汚れ有りと判定されれば、記憶手段内の前記火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行うことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 3, in the invention of claim 1 or claim 2, pre-Symbol judging means, if there a determination dirt on the confirmation to the specified value or more frequently the presence of dirt Jo Tokoro timing, Correction for increasing the fire determination level in the storage means is performed.

この構成によれば、所定のタイミングで汚れの有無を確認して規定値以上の頻度で汚れ有りと判定されれば、記憶手段内の火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行うので、火災判定を行う度に減算補正を行う必要がある従来構成に比べて、補正の頻度が低くなる。したがって、検知空間内の汚れに起因した非火災報を防止しながらも、火災判定に必要な処理を従来よりも少なくすることができるという利点がある。   According to this configuration, the presence / absence of contamination is confirmed at a predetermined timing, and if it is determined that contamination is present at a frequency more than a specified value, the fire determination level in the storage unit is corrected to increase, so a fire determination is performed. The frequency of correction is lower than that of a conventional configuration in which subtraction correction needs to be performed every time. Therefore, there is an advantage that the processing necessary for the fire determination can be reduced as compared with the prior art while preventing the non-fire report due to the contamination in the detection space.

請求項４の発明は、請求項３の発明において、前記汚れ判定レベルが、前記基準レベルと前記火災判定レベルとの両方を用いて算出されることを特徴とする。 The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 3 , the contamination determination level is calculated using both the reference level and the fire determination level.

この構成によれば、汚れ判定レベルを単独で設定する必要がなく、判定レベルの設定の手間が省けるという利点がある。また、火災判定レベルを用いて汚れ判定レベルが算出されるので、火災判定レベルが補正されたときには汚れ判定レベルも補正されることとなり、検知空間内が汚れた際の汚れ判定レベルの補正も不要になる。   According to this configuration, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to set the stain determination level independently, and the time for setting the determination level can be saved. Also, since the dirt judgment level is calculated using the fire judgment level, when the fire judgment level is corrected, the dirt judgment level is also corrected, and it is not necessary to correct the dirt judgment level when the detection space is dirty. become.

本発明は、判定手段が、検出値を判定レベルと比較する１回の処理で火災の有無と火災以外の状態との両方を判定するので、火災の有無以外の状態を判定しながらも、火災判定のみを行う場合に比べて回路構成が複雑になったり判定に要する時間が長くなったりすることがないという利点がある。 The present invention, the determination means, since the determination of both the state of non-existence and fire a fire in comparison to a single process the detection value and the determination level, while determining the status of the non-existence of a fire, Compared with the case where only fire determination is performed, there is an advantage that the circuit configuration is not complicated and the time required for determination does not increase.

（実施形態）
本実施形態の煙感知器Ａは、図４に示した従来構成と同様にハウジング２０内に検知空間Ｘを有し、この検知空間Ｘに向けて間欠的に光を出力するＬＥＤ（発光部）７と、ＬＥＤ７からの直接光が入射しない位置に配置され受光した光を電流に変換するフォトダイオード（受光部）ＰＤと、フォトダイオードＰＤからの入力電流に基づいて検知空間Ｘ内の煙を検知する検知回路１とを備えている。この煙感知器Ａでは、検知空間Ｘ内に煙が流入すると、ＬＥＤ７からの光が検知空間Ｘ内の煙で拡散反射されることによりフォトダイオードＰＤでのＬＥＤ７からの光の受光量が増加し、フォトダイオードＰＤから出力される電流量が増加する。ここで例示する煙感知器Ａは電池を電源としており、平均消費電力を抑えて電池の長寿命化を図るために間欠駆動する。 (Embodiment)
The smoke detector A of the present embodiment has a detection space X in the housing 20 as in the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 4, and an LED (light emitting unit) that outputs light intermittently toward the detection space X 7, a photodiode (light receiving unit) PD that is arranged at a position where direct light from the LED 7 is not incident and converts received light into current, and detects smoke in the detection space X based on the input current from the photodiode PD The detection circuit 1 is provided. In this smoke detector A, when smoke flows into the detection space X, the light from the LED 7 is diffused and reflected by the smoke in the detection space X, thereby increasing the amount of light received from the LED 7 at the photodiode PD. The amount of current output from the photodiode PD increases. The smoke detector A exemplified here uses a battery as a power source, and is intermittently driven in order to reduce the average power consumption and extend the life of the battery.

本実施形態の検知回路１は、図１に示すように、フォトダイオードＰＤから入力される入力電流に基づいて検知空間Ｘ内の煙濃度に相当する検出値を求める検出処理部２と、検出処理部２の後段に設けられ前記検出値に基づいて火災の有無を判定する判定処理部３とを備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the detection circuit 1 according to the present embodiment includes a detection processing unit 2 that obtains a detection value corresponding to the smoke density in the detection space X based on an input current input from the photodiode PD, and a detection process. And a determination processing unit 3 that is provided at a subsequent stage of the unit 2 and determines the presence or absence of a fire based on the detection value.

検出処理部２は、図１に示すように、入力端子から入力される入力電流を当該入力電流の変動に応じて電圧値が変動する出力電圧に変換して出力する電流電圧変換回路（Ｉ／Ｖ変換回路）４と、電流電圧変換回路４の出力に接続され前記出力電圧を増幅する電圧増幅回路５と、電圧増幅回路５の出力（以下、出力信号という）をデジタル値に変換するＡＤ変換器６とを有する。ＡＤ変換器６は、出力信号をサンプリング（標本化）し、量子化することによって、フォトダイオードＰＤがＬＥＤ７からの光を受光することに起因した出力信号の変動成分（検出値）をデジタル値として抽出する。この構成によれば、検出処理部２は、フォトダイオードＰＤからの入力電流がゼロの状態での出力信号の瞬時値を動作点とし、入力電流の変動に応じた出力信号の動作点からの変化量を検出値として後段の判定処理部３に出力する。   As shown in FIG. 1, the detection processing unit 2 converts an input current input from an input terminal into an output voltage whose voltage value varies according to the variation of the input current, and outputs the output voltage (I / V). V converter circuit 4, a voltage amplifier circuit 5 that is connected to the output of the current-voltage converter circuit 4 and amplifies the output voltage, and an AD converter that converts the output of the voltage amplifier circuit 5 (hereinafter referred to as an output signal) into a digital value. And 6. The AD converter 6 samples (samples) the output signal and quantizes it, so that the fluctuation component (detection value) of the output signal caused by the photodiode PD receiving the light from the LED 7 is converted into a digital value. Extract. According to this configuration, the detection processing unit 2 uses the instantaneous value of the output signal when the input current from the photodiode PD is zero as the operating point, and the change of the output signal from the operating point according to the fluctuation of the input current. The quantity is output as a detection value to the determination processing unit 3 at the subsequent stage.

判定処理部３は、後述する判定レベルを記憶する記憶手段８と、ＡＤ変換器６の出力（検出値）に基づいて検知空間Ｘ内の煙の有無を判定する判定手段としての判定回路１０とを有する。判定回路１０は、前記検出値を記憶手段８内の所定の判定レベルと比較することにより検知室Ｘ内の煙の有無を判定する。   The determination processing unit 3 includes a storage unit 8 that stores a determination level, which will be described later, and a determination circuit 10 that serves as a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of smoke in the detection space X based on the output (detection value) of the AD converter 6. Have The determination circuit 10 determines the presence or absence of smoke in the detection chamber X by comparing the detection value with a predetermined determination level in the storage means 8.

ここにおいて、記憶手段８に記憶されている判定レベルには、図２に示すように予め定められた基準レベル（検知空間Ｘ内に煙がない状態での検出値に相当する）と、基準レベルより高く設定され火災の判定基準となる火災判定レベルと、火災判定レベルより低く設定され火災以外の所定の動作状態の判定基準となる状態判定レベルとが含まれている。判定回路１０は、検出値と各判定レベルとの間の大小関係を比較することにより、火災の有無と、動作状態との両方を同時に判定する。   Here, the determination level stored in the storage means 8 includes a predetermined reference level (corresponding to a detection value when there is no smoke in the detection space X) and a reference level as shown in FIG. A fire determination level that is set higher than the fire determination level and a state determination level that is set lower than the fire determination level and serves as a determination reference for a predetermined operation state other than the fire is included. The determination circuit 10 determines both the presence / absence of a fire and the operating state simultaneously by comparing the magnitude relationship between the detection value and each determination level.

本実施形態では、状態判定レベルは、基準レベルより高く設定され、動作状態としての検知空間Ｘ内の汚れの有無を判定する際に判定基準となる汚れ判定レベルを含んでいる。すなわち、判定回路１０は、図３に示すように、検出値を各判定レベルと比較することで検出値が該当する領域を判定し（Ｓ１）、検出値が火災判定レベル以上の領域Ｂ（図２参照）に該当する場合（Ｓ３：Ｙｅｓ）には検知空間Ｘ内に煙有り（火災と判断できる煙濃度に達している）と判定し、検出値が汚れ判定レベル以上で且つ火災判定レベル未満の領域Ｃ（図２参照）に該当する場合（Ｓ４：Ｙｅｓ）には検知空間Ｘ内に汚れ有りと判定する。   In the present embodiment, the state determination level is set higher than the reference level, and includes a contamination determination level that is a determination criterion when determining the presence or absence of contamination in the detection space X as an operation state. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the determination circuit 10 compares the detection value with each determination level to determine a region corresponding to the detection value (S1), and a region B (FIG. 3) where the detection value is equal to or higher than the fire determination level. 2) (S3: Yes), it is determined that there is smoke in the detection space X (the smoke concentration has reached a level that can be determined as a fire), and the detected value is greater than or equal to the contamination determination level and less than the fire determination level (S4: Yes), it is determined that there is dirt in the detection space X.

さらに、本実施形態では、状態判定レベルに、基準レベルよりも低く設定され、動作状態として煙感知器Ａの故障を判定する際に判定基準となる故障判定レベルを含んでいる。判定回路１０は、検出値が故障判定レベル以上且つ汚れ判定レベル未満の領域Ａ（図２参照）に該当する場合（Ｓ２：Ｙｅｓ）には正常と判定し、検出値が故障判定レベル未満の領域Ｄ（図２参照）に該当する場合（Ｓ４：Ｎｏ）には故障と判定する。これにより、光学系の異常などにより検出値が正常範囲から外れた場合に、故障と判定することができる。   Further, in the present embodiment, the state determination level includes a failure determination level that is set lower than the reference level and serves as a determination reference when determining the failure of the smoke detector A as the operation state. The determination circuit 10 determines that the detection value is normal when the detection value corresponds to the region A (see FIG. 2) that is equal to or higher than the failure determination level and lower than the contamination determination level (S2: Yes), and the detection value is lower than the failure determination level. When it corresponds to D (see FIG. 2) (S4: No), it is determined as a failure. As a result, when the detected value deviates from the normal range due to an abnormality in the optical system, it can be determined that there is a failure.

ただし、ここでは１回の判定で発報等を行うのではなく、検出値が該当した領域Ａ〜Ｄに応じて各種のカウンタを動作させ、当該カウント値が規定値に達した時点で発報等を行うものとする。   However, here, instead of issuing a report or the like by a single determination, various counters are operated in accordance with the areas A to D to which the detected value corresponds, and the alarm is issued when the count value reaches a specified value. Etc. shall be performed.

具体的に説明すると、検出値が領域Ｂに該当する場合には、検出値が領域Ｂに該当すると判定される度に火災判定用のカウンタを動作させ（Ｓ５）、当該カウント値が規定値に達すると（Ｓ６：Ｙｅｓ）、煙有りという判断を確定し、火災発報を開始する（Ｓ７）。検出値が領域Ｄに該当する場合には、検出値が領域Ｄに該当すると判定される度に故障判定用のカウンタを動作させ（Ｓ８）、当該カウント値が規定値に達すれば（Ｓ９：Ｙｅｓ）、故障という判断を確定し、故障発報を開始する（Ｓ１０）。   More specifically, when the detected value corresponds to the region B, the fire determination counter is operated every time it is determined that the detected value corresponds to the region B (S5), and the count value becomes the specified value. When it reaches (S6: Yes), it is determined that there is smoke and fire alarm is started (S7). When the detected value corresponds to the region D, the failure determination counter is operated every time it is determined that the detected value corresponds to the region D (S8), and if the count value reaches the specified value (S9: Yes). ), The determination of failure is confirmed, and failure notification is started (S10).

また、検出値が領域Ｃに該当する場合には、検出値が領域Ｃに該当すると判定される度に汚れ判定用のカウンタを動作させ（Ｓ１１）、当該カウント値が規定値に達すると（Ｓ１２：Ｙｅｓ）、汚れ有りという判断を確定し、記憶手段８内の火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行う（Ｓ１３）。つまり、煙感知器Ａにおいては、検知空間Ｘ内に流入した煙だけでなく、検知空間Ｘの内周面に堆積した塵埃等の汚れによっても、ＬＥＤ７からの光が拡散反射されてフォトダイオードＰＤで受光されることとなり検出値が増加するので、汚れによる検出値の増加に起因して非火災報を生じることがないように、検知空間Ｘ内に汚れが付着していると判断されたときには火災判定レベルを引き上げる補正を行う。このときの火災判定レベルの補正量（引き上げ量）は、汚れ判定レベルからの検出値のオーバー量（検出値と汚れ判定レベルとの差分）に応じて決定する。   When the detected value corresponds to the region C, the stain determination counter is operated every time it is determined that the detected value corresponds to the region C (S11), and when the count value reaches the specified value (S12). : Yes), the determination that there is dirt is fixed, and correction is performed to increase the fire determination level in the storage means 8 (S13). That is, in the smoke detector A, light from the LED 7 is diffused and reflected by not only the smoke flowing into the detection space X but also dirt such as dust accumulated on the inner peripheral surface of the detection space X, and the photodiode PD. When it is determined that dirt is attached in the detection space X so that a non-fire report is not generated due to an increase in the detection value due to dirt. Make corrections to raise the fire detection level. At this time, the correction amount (lift amount) of the fire determination level is determined according to the detection value excess amount (difference between the detection value and the contamination determination level) from the contamination determination level.

ところで、判定回路１０における検出値と各判定レベルとの比較（Ｓ１）は、所定の周期（たとえば８秒周期）で行われる。ただし、検知空間Ｘ内の汚れに関しては短時間で付着するものではないので、検出値が領域Ｃに該当するか否かについては予め定められている補正周期（たとえば１時間）毎に判定するものとする。つまり、補正周期以外のタイミングでは、たとえ検出値が領域Ｃに該当すると判断されても汚れ判定用のカウンタを動作させることはなく正常と判定される。しかも、汚れ判定用のカウンタは、補正周期で検出値が領域Ｃ以外の領域に該当するとダウンカウントによりカウント値が減少する。しかして、判定回路１０は、補正周期毎に汚れの有無（つまり検出値が領域Ｃに該当するか否か）を確認して、規定値以上の頻度（たとえば１０回中８回の頻度）で汚れ有り（つまり検出値が領域Ｃに該当）と判定されれば、記憶手段８内の火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行う。   By the way, the comparison (S1) between the detection value in the determination circuit 10 and each determination level is performed in a predetermined cycle (for example, a cycle of 8 seconds). However, since the dirt in the detection space X does not adhere in a short time, whether or not the detected value corresponds to the region C is determined every predetermined correction cycle (for example, 1 hour). And That is, at a timing other than the correction cycle, even if it is determined that the detected value falls within the region C, the contamination determination counter is not operated and it is determined normal. In addition, when the detection value falls in a region other than the region C in the correction cycle, the count value of the dirt determination counter decreases by down-counting. Accordingly, the determination circuit 10 confirms the presence or absence of dirt (that is, whether or not the detected value corresponds to the region C) at each correction cycle, and has a frequency equal to or higher than a specified value (for example, 8 times out of 10). If it is determined that there is dirt (that is, the detected value corresponds to the region C), a correction for increasing the fire determination level in the storage unit 8 is performed.

また、本実施形態では、判定回路１０が煙有りと判断した場合に、判定回路１０における検出値と各判定レベルとの比較判定の周期（以下、判定周期という）を定常時よりも短くすることで、検知空間Ｘ内に煙が流入してから火災発報を行うまでの時間を短くしている。すなわち、検出値が領域Ｂに該当し、火災判定用のカウンタが動作を開始すると、判定周期を短く変更（たとえば８秒周期から４秒周期に変更）する。   Further, in the present embodiment, when the determination circuit 10 determines that there is smoke, the period of comparison determination between the detection value in the determination circuit 10 and each determination level (hereinafter referred to as a determination period) is made shorter than in the steady state. Thus, the time from when the smoke flows into the detection space X until the fire is triggered is shortened. That is, when the detected value corresponds to the region B and the fire determination counter starts operating, the determination cycle is changed to be shorter (for example, changed from an 8-second cycle to a 4-second cycle).

具体例としては、火災判定用のカウンタとして０〜５までのカウントが可能なものを用い、検出値が領域Ｂに該当することでカウント値が「０」から「１」になると判定周期を短くすることが考えられる。この場合、次の判定時に検出値が領域Ｂに該当することでカウント値が「１」から「２」、さらに次の判定時に検出値が領域Ｂに該当することでカウント値が「２」から「３」になると、火災発報を開始する。その後、検出値が領域Ｂに該当している間はカウント値「３」を維持し、検出値が領域Ｂから外れると、判定の度にカウント値を「４」、「５」、「０」の順に変化させる。カウント値が「４」、「５」の間は火災発報を継続するが、カウント値が「０」に戻ると、火災発報を終了するとともに判定周期を元の判定周期に変更（たとえば４秒周期から８秒周期に変更）する。   As a specific example, a counter capable of counting from 0 to 5 is used as a fire determination counter, and when the detection value falls within the region B, the determination cycle is shortened when the count value changes from “0” to “1”. It is possible to do. In this case, the count value is “1” to “2” because the detection value corresponds to the region B at the next determination, and the count value is “2” because the detection value corresponds to the region B at the next determination. When “3” is reached, fire alarm is started. Thereafter, the count value “3” is maintained while the detected value falls within the region B, and when the detected value deviates from the region B, the count value is set to “4”, “5”, “0” for each determination. Change in the order. While the count value is “4” and “5”, the fire alarm is continued, but when the count value returns to “0”, the fire alarm is terminated and the determination period is changed to the original determination period (for example, 4 Change from a second period to an eight-second period).

また、判定回路１０は、基準レベルと火災判定レベルとの少なくとも一方を用いて状態判定レベル（汚れ判定レベルおよび故障判定レベル）を算出し、算出された状態判定レベルを記憶手段８に記憶するレベル算出手段としての機能を有している。すなわち、判定レベルとして、基準レベルおよび火災判定レベルのみがたとえば工場出荷前に予め設定され、状態判定レベル（汚れ判定レベルおよび故障判定レベル）に関しては、判定回路１０にて自動的に算出されることとなる。   Further, the determination circuit 10 calculates a state determination level (dirt determination level and failure determination level) using at least one of the reference level and the fire determination level, and stores the calculated state determination level in the storage unit 8. It has a function as a calculation means. That is, only the reference level and the fire determination level are set in advance, for example, before shipment from the factory, and the state determination level (dirt determination level and failure determination level) is automatically calculated by the determination circuit 10 as the determination level. It becomes.

ここでは、基準レベルをＡＤ０、火災判定レベルをＡＤＦとしたときに、汚れ判定レベルは（ＡＤＦ−ＡＤ０）／４＋ＡＤ０で定義され、故障判定レベルは（ＡＤ０）／２で定義されるものとする。これにより、火災判定レベルや故障判定レベルを個別に設定する必要がなく、判定レベルの設定に掛かる手間が省けるという利点がある。しかも、上述のように火災判定レベルを用いて汚れ判定レベルを算出している場合には、汚れ有りという判断の確定時に、火災判定レベルが補正されることに伴い汚れ判定レベルも補正されることとなるので、検知空間Ｘ内が汚れた際の汚れ判定レベルの補正が不要になるという利点もある。要するに、汚れ有りとの判定が確定し火災判定レベルが引き上げられると、当該火災判定レベルから算出される汚れ判定レベルも自動的に引き上げられることとなる。また、煙感知器Ａの設置環境に応じて汚れ判定レベルおよび故障判定レベルを変更するなど、比較的柔軟に、汚れ判定レベルおよび故障判定レベルを設定することが可能である。   Here, when the reference level is AD0 and the fire determination level is ADF, the contamination determination level is defined as (ADF−AD0) / 4 + AD0, and the failure determination level is defined as (AD0) / 2. As a result, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to individually set the fire determination level and the failure determination level, and the labor for setting the determination level can be saved. In addition, when the dirt judgment level is calculated using the fire judgment level as described above, the dirt judgment level is corrected along with the correction of the fire judgment level when the judgment that there is dirt is confirmed. Therefore, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to correct the dirt determination level when the detection space X is dirty. In short, when the determination that there is contamination is confirmed and the fire determination level is increased, the contamination determination level calculated from the fire determination level is also automatically increased. In addition, it is possible to set the dirt determination level and the failure determination level relatively flexibly, such as changing the dirt determination level and the failure determination level according to the installation environment of the smoke detector A.

なお、汚れ判定レベルおよび故障判定レベルをどのように定義するかについては、上述したものに限るものではないが、一般的に、検出値の大きさは、回路の構成部品の温度特性などに起因して１０％程度のばらつきが見込まれるので、当該ばらつきの影響で故障と判定されることがないように、故障判定レベルに関しては基準レベルの８０％以下とすることが望ましい。   Note that how to define the dirt determination level and the failure determination level is not limited to the above-described ones. In general, the magnitude of the detection value is caused by the temperature characteristics of the circuit components. Since a variation of about 10% is expected, it is desirable that the failure determination level be 80% or less of the reference level so that a failure is not determined due to the variation.

判定回路１０での判定結果は発報回路（図示せず）に送られ、火災発生時（つまり、煙有りとの判定時）、あるいは故障判定時（つまり、故障との判定時）には適宜の方法で報知される。なお、煙感知器Ａは上記判定結果を住宅情報盤などの外部装置に送るように構成されていてもよい。   The determination result in the determination circuit 10 is sent to a notification circuit (not shown), and is appropriately selected when a fire occurs (that is, when it is determined that there is smoke) or when a failure is determined (that is, when it is determined that there is a failure). It is notified by the method. The smoke detector A may be configured to send the determination result to an external device such as a home information board.

以上説明した構成によれば、判定回路１０は、記憶手段８に記憶されている複数段階の判定レベルと検出値を比較することにより、検知空間Ｘ内の煙の有無を判定する処理と、動作状態（検知空間Ｘ内の汚れの有無および故障の有無）を判定する処理との両方を１回の処理で同時に行うことでき、従来のように動作状態を判定する処理と火災判定の処理とを別々に行う場合に比べて、処理時間の短縮を図ることができる。しかも、判定回路１０は、所定の補正周期毎に汚れの有無を確認して、規定値以上の頻度で汚れ有りと判定されれば火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行うので、煙の有無の判定を行う度に汚れ状態レベルを検出値から減算する必要がある従来構成に比べて、補正の頻度が低くなり、当該補正に伴う演算処理数を少なくすることができる。結果的に、検知空間Ｘ内の汚れに起因した非火災報を防止しながらも、検知空間Ｘ内の煙の有無の判定に必要な処理を従来よりも少なく抑えることができる。   According to the configuration described above, the determination circuit 10 compares the detection value with a plurality of determination levels stored in the storage unit 8 to determine the presence or absence of smoke in the detection space X, and the operation. Both the process for determining the state (presence / absence of contamination in the detection space X and the presence / absence of failure) can be performed simultaneously in a single process, and the process for determining the operating state and the process for determining the fire as in the past are performed. The processing time can be shortened as compared with the case where it is performed separately. In addition, the determination circuit 10 confirms the presence or absence of dirt at every predetermined correction cycle, and performs correction to increase the fire determination level if it is determined that there is dirt at a frequency equal to or higher than a specified value. As compared with the conventional configuration in which the contamination level needs to be subtracted from the detection value each time the correction is performed, the frequency of correction is reduced, and the number of arithmetic processes associated with the correction can be reduced. As a result, while preventing non-fire information due to contamination in the detection space X, it is possible to reduce the number of processes necessary for determining the presence or absence of smoke in the detection space X compared to the conventional case.

また、従来の煙感知器においては、火災判定以外の各種判定（故障判定、汚れ判定等）を行うために、判定種別ごとに個別の回路を用いるものもあったが、本実施形態では、このような従来構成に比べて回路構成が簡単になり、煙感知器Ａの小型化、低消費電力化にもつながるという利点がある。   In addition, some conventional smoke detectors use individual circuits for each judgment type in order to make various judgments (failure judgment, dirt judgment, etc.) other than fire judgment. Compared with such a conventional configuration, there is an advantage that the circuit configuration is simplified and the smoke detector A is reduced in size and power consumption.

なお、検知空間Ｘ内の汚れ（検出値が領域Ｃに該当するか否か）については、上述したように予め定められている補正周期毎に判定する構成に限らず、たとえば煙感知機Ａの定期点検時のような適宜のタイミングで判定するものとし、規定値以上の頻度で汚れ有りと判定されれば記憶手段８内の火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行う構成としてもよい。   Note that the contamination in the detection space X (whether or not the detection value corresponds to the region C) is not limited to the configuration that is determined at each predetermined correction period as described above, but for example, the smoke detector A The determination may be made at an appropriate timing such as at the time of periodic inspection, and if it is determined that there is contamination at a frequency equal to or higher than a specified value, a correction may be made to increase the fire determination level in the storage unit 8.

本発明の実施形態の検知回路を示す概略ブロック図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the detection circuit of embodiment of this invention. 同上に用いる判定レベルを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the determination level used for the same as the above. 同上の動作を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement same as the above. 従来の煙感知器を示す概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram which shows the conventional smoke detector.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２ 検出処理部
３ 判定処理部
８ 記憶手段
１０ 判定回路（判定手段）
Ａ 煙感知器
Ｘ 検知空間
2 detection processing unit 3 determination processing unit 8 storage unit 10 determination circuit (determination unit)
A Smoke detector X Detection space

Claims (4)

検知空間内に向けて間欠的に光を出力する発光部と、発光部からの直接光は入射せず検知空間内に流入した煙により拡散反射された発光部からの光が入射する位置に配置された受光部と、受光部での受光強度に基づいて検知空間内の煙濃度に相当する検出値を求める検出処理部と、検出値に基づいて火災の有無を判定する判定処理部とを備え、判定処理部は、複数段階の判定レベルを記憶する記憶手段と、前記検出値を判定レベルと比較する判定手段とを有し、判定レベルは、検知空間内に煙がない状態での検出値に相当する基準レベルと、基準レベルより高く設定され火災の判定基準となる火災判定レベルと、火災判定レベルより低く設定され基準レベルと火災判定レベルとの少なくとも一方を用いて算出され火災以外の所定の状態の判定基準となる状態判定レベルとを含み、
前記状態判定レベルは、前記基準レベルより低く設定される故障判定レベルと、前記基準レベルより高く設定される汚れ判定レベルとを含み、
判定手段は、前記検出値を前記判定レベルと比較する１回の処理で、前記検出値が火災判定レベル以上であれば火災と判定し、前記検出値が故障判定レベル未満であれば故障と判定し、前記検出値が汚れ判定レベル以上で且つ火災判定レベル未満であれば検知空間内に汚れ有りと判定することを特徴とする煙感知器。 A light emitting unit that intermittently outputs light into the detection space and a position where light from the light emitting unit diffused and reflected by the smoke flowing into the detection space does not enter the direct light from the light emitting unit. A detection processing unit that obtains a detection value corresponding to the smoke density in the detection space based on the received light intensity at the light reception unit, and a determination processing unit that determines the presence or absence of a fire based on the detection value The determination processing unit includes a storage unit that stores a plurality of determination levels, and a determination unit that compares the detection value with a determination level. The determination level is a detection value in a state where there is no smoke in the detection space. Is calculated using at least one of the reference level and the fire judgment level that is set lower than the fire judgment level and the fire judgment level that is set higher than the reference level and becomes the fire judgment standard. Judgment status And a state determination level becomes quasi,
The state determination level includes a failure determination level set lower than the reference level, and a dirt determination level set higher than the reference level,
The determination means determines a fire if the detection value is equal to or higher than a fire determination level in one process of comparing the detection value with the determination level, and determines a failure if the detection value is less than the failure determination level. If the detected value is not less than the dirt determination level and less than the fire determination level, it is determined that there is dirt in the detection space. 前記故障判定レベルは、前記基準レベルを用いて算出されることを特徴とする請求項１記載の煙感知器。   The smoke detector according to claim 1, wherein the failure determination level is calculated using the reference level. 前記判定手段は、所定のタイミングで汚れの有無を確認して規定値以上の頻度で汚れ有りと判定されれば、記憶手段内の前記火災判定レベルを高くする補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の煙感知器。   The determination means confirms the presence or absence of dirt at a predetermined timing, and performs correction to increase the fire judgment level in the storage means if it is determined that dirt is present at a frequency more than a specified value. The smoke detector according to claim 1 or 2. 前記汚れ判定レベルは、前記基準レベルと前記火災判定レベルとの両方を用いて算出されることを特徴とする請求項３記載の煙感知器。   The smoke detector according to claim 3, wherein the contamination determination level is calculated using both the reference level and the fire determination level.
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AU2009239074A AU2009239074B2 (en) 2008-04-24 2009-04-21 Smoke sensor
US12/736,598 US8552355B2 (en) 2008-04-24 2009-04-21 Smoke sensor including a current to voltage circuit having a low frequency correction means to produce a correction current
CA2722958A CA2722958C (en) 2008-04-24 2009-04-21 Smoke sensor
PCT/JP2009/057922 WO2009131119A1 (en) 2008-04-24 2009-04-21 Smoke sensor
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