JP5334056B2 - Fatigue testing machine - Google Patents

Fatigue testing machine Download PDF

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JP5334056B2
JP5334056B2 JP2009213639A JP2009213639A JP5334056B2 JP 5334056 B2 JP5334056 B2 JP 5334056B2 JP 2009213639 A JP2009213639 A JP 2009213639A JP 2009213639 A JP2009213639 A JP 2009213639A JP 5334056 B2 JP5334056 B2 JP 5334056B2
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JP2011064508A (en
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正浩 遠藤
久生 松永
茂章 森山
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Fukuoka University
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Description

本発明は、静的圧縮荷重を負荷した供試体に繰返し捻り荷重を負荷して疲労亀裂の進展状況を観察し、且つ材料の疲労強度特性を試験する疲労試験機に関する。   The present invention relates to a fatigue testing machine that repeatedly applies a torsional load to a specimen loaded with a static compressive load, observes the progress of fatigue cracks, and tests the fatigue strength characteristics of materials.

静的圧縮荷重を負荷した供試体に繰返し捻り荷重を負荷して疲労亀裂の進展状況を試験する装置として、従来、油圧制御式の組み合わせ軸捻り疲労試験機が知られている。この装置においては、複数の油圧アクチュエータを用いて供試体に圧縮荷重及び繰り返し捻り荷重を負荷することによって疲労試験を行う。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hydraulically controlled combined axial torsional fatigue testing machine is known as an apparatus for repeatedly applying a torsional load to a specimen loaded with a static compressive load to test the progress of fatigue cracks. In this apparatus, a fatigue test is performed by applying a compressive load and a repeated torsion load to a specimen using a plurality of hydraulic actuators.

一方、本発明に関連する疲労試験機として、例えば、特許文献１記載の「引張り捻り複合試験機」、特許文献２記載の「圧縮捻り複合試験機」及び特許文献３記載の「多軸負荷試験機」などがある。特許文献１記載の「引張り捻り複合試験機」は、試験片に対して静的な引張り力及び捻り力を加えた状態で引張り荷重及び捻り荷重を検出する装置である。特許文献２記載の「圧縮捻り複合試験機」は、試験片に対して静的な圧縮力及び捻り力を加えた状態で圧縮荷重及び捻り荷重を検出する装置である。特許文献３記載の「多軸負荷試験機」は、引張／圧縮及び捻りの両負荷軸の軸方向の変位と回転変位が互いに干渉し合うことなく、且つバックラッシュなく負荷を伝達できる機構を設けた試験機である。   On the other hand, as a fatigue tester related to the present invention, for example, “Tension-Torsion Combined Tester” described in Patent Document 1, “Compression-Torsion Combined Tester” described in Patent Document 2, and “Multiaxial Load Test” described in Patent Document 3. Machine ". The “tensile torsion combined testing machine” described in Patent Document 1 is an apparatus that detects a tensile load and a torsion load in a state where a static tensile force and a torsion force are applied to a test piece. The “compression torsion combined testing machine” described in Patent Document 2 is an apparatus that detects a compression load and a torsion load in a state where a static compression force and a torsion force are applied to a test piece. The “multi-axis load testing machine” described in Patent Document 3 is provided with a mechanism that can transmit the load without backlash without interfering with the axial displacement and rotational displacement of both the tension / compression and twisting load shafts. The testing machine.

特開昭５９−５２７３０号公報JP 59-52730 A 特開昭５７−５４２号公報JP-A-57-542 特開昭５７−７２０４２号公報JP-A-57-72042

従来の油圧制御式の組み合わせ軸捻り疲労試験装置は、供試体を一定姿勢に保持するための架台フレームなどの他に、供試体に圧縮荷重及び繰り返し捻り荷重を負荷するための複数の油圧アクチュエータ、油圧ポンプ及び油圧配管などを備えた複雑で大がかりな装置であるため、広い設置スペースが必要であり、油圧ポンプなどを作動させるための消費電力も大である。また、この装置は、油圧アクチュエータで供試体に繰り返し捻り荷重を負荷する方式であるため、繰り返し捻り荷重を負荷する速度が遅く、試験に長時間を要することが多い。   A conventional hydraulically controlled combined torsional fatigue testing apparatus includes a plurality of hydraulic actuators for applying a compressive load and a repeated torsional load to the specimen, in addition to a frame for holding the specimen in a fixed posture, Since it is a complicated and large-scale device including a hydraulic pump and hydraulic piping, a large installation space is required, and power consumption for operating the hydraulic pump and the like is large. Further, since this apparatus is a system in which a torsional load is repeatedly applied to a specimen by a hydraulic actuator, the speed at which the torsional load is repeatedly applied is slow, and the test often requires a long time.

一方、特許文献１，２記載の試験装置はいずれも試験片に静的な引張り荷重（若しくは圧縮荷重）及び捻り荷重を負荷して試験を行うことは可能であるが、供試体に静的圧縮荷重を負荷した状態において、高速で繰り返し捻り荷重を負荷する試験を行うことが想定されていないので、疲労試験には不向きである。また、特許文献３記載の試験機は、供試体に多軸方向の荷重を負荷する手段として複数の油圧アクチュエータ、油圧ポンプ及び油圧配管などが必要であるため、大型化、複雑化を回避することができない。   On the other hand, all of the test apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can perform a test by applying a static tensile load (or compressive load) and a torsional load to the test piece. Since it is not envisaged to perform a test in which a torsional load is repeatedly applied at a high speed in a state where a load is applied, it is not suitable for a fatigue test. In addition, since the testing machine described in Patent Document 3 requires a plurality of hydraulic actuators, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic pipes, and the like as means for applying multiaxial loads to the specimen, avoid enlargement and complexity. I can't.

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、簡素な構造で供試体のセッティングが容易であり、高速且つ高精度の疲労試験を行うことができる疲労試験機を提供することにある。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fatigue testing machine capable of performing a high-speed and high-precision fatigue test with a simple structure and easy setting of a specimen.

本発明の疲労試験機は、供試体を一定姿勢に保持する少なくとも二つの保持手段と、前記供試体に当該供試体の軸心方向の圧縮荷重を負荷する圧縮手段と、前記圧縮手段で圧縮荷重が負荷された状態にある前記供試体に当該供試体の軸心周りの捻り荷重を繰り返し負荷する捻り手段と、が前記供試体の軸心と同軸上に配置され、前記保持手段として、前記供試体を当該供試体の軸心と直交するＸ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第一保持部材と、前記軸心及び前記Ｘ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第二保持部材と、を設け、
前記供試体をセッティングするとき、前記供試体の両端部をそれぞれ固定する供試体固定台を備え、
一方の前記供試体固定台は、ベース材上に立設された支柱によって保持された前記第一保持部材に回転自在に軸支された水平支軸の先端部に取り付けられ、
前記第一保持部材と前記ベース材との間には、制振ダンパと、前記第一保持部材の自重を支えるためのバネと、が設けられ、
他方の前記供試体固定台は、前記ベース材上に設置された前記第二保持部材に取り付けられたことを特徴とする。
The fatigue testing machine of the present invention comprises at least two holding means for holding the specimen in a fixed posture, a compressing means for applying a compressive load in the axial direction of the specimen to the specimen, and a compressive load by the compressing means. Twisting means for repeatedly applying a torsional load around the axis of the specimen to the specimen in a state where the specimen is loaded is disposed coaxially with the axis of the specimen, and as the holding means, A first holding member that holds the specimen movably only in the X direction orthogonal to the axis of the specimen; a second holding member that holds the specimen movably only in the Y direction perpendicular to the axis and the X direction; , And
When setting the specimen, equipped with a specimen fixing base for fixing both ends of the specimen,
One of the specimen fixing bases is attached to the tip of a horizontal spindle that is rotatably supported by the first holding member that is held by a column erected on a base material,
Between the first holding member and the base material, a vibration damper and a spring for supporting the weight of the first holding member are provided,
The other specimen fixing base is attached to the second holding member installed on the base material .

このような構成とすれば、供試体の保持手段、供試体に圧縮荷重を負荷する圧縮手段及び供試体に捻り荷重を繰り返し負荷する捻り手段が直列に配置された簡素な構造となるので、従来の疲労試験機のような広い設置スペースも不要である。また、供試体の保持手段として、供試体の軸心と直交するＸ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第一保持部材と、前記軸心及び前記Ｘ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第二保持部材と、を設けたことにより、供試体を保持部材にセッティングしたときの、供試体と保持部材とのズレを第一保持部材や第二保持部材が吸収して供試体を正確且つ安定的に保持することが可能となるため、供試体のセッティングが容易となるだけでなく、不要な曲げ荷重が供試体に加わることもなくなるので、高速且つ高精度の疲労試験を行うことができる。   With such a configuration, the holding means for the specimen, the compressing means for applying a compressive load to the specimen, and the twisting means for repeatedly applying the torsional load to the specimen have a simple structure. A large installation space like the conventional fatigue testing machine is also unnecessary. Further, as a holding means for the specimen, a first holding member that is movable so as to be movable only in the X direction orthogonal to the axis of the specimen, and is held movable only in the Y direction orthogonal to the axis and the X direction. Provided with the second holding member, the first holding member and the second holding member absorb the misalignment between the specimen and the holding member when the specimen is set on the holding member. In addition, since it is possible to hold the specimen stably, not only the setting of the specimen becomes easy, but also unnecessary bending load is not applied to the specimen, so a high-speed and high-precision fatigue test can be performed. it can.

ここで、前記第一保持部材及び前記第二保持部材として、それぞれ前記供試体の軸心を挟んで互いに平行をなす一対の仮想平面の一部を形成するように配置された少なくとも２枚の弾性保持板を設けることが望ましい。   Here, as the first holding member and the second holding member, at least two elastic members arranged so as to form part of a pair of virtual planes that are parallel to each other across the axis of the specimen. It is desirable to provide a holding plate.

このような構成とすれば、構造の複雑化及び部品点数の増加を回避しつつ、第一保持部材である弾性保持板により供試体を前記Ｘ方向のみに移動可能に保持し、且つ、第二保持部材である弾性保持板により前記供試体を前記Ｙ方向のみに移動可能に保持することができる。また、弾性保持板は平面方向の剛性が高く、変形し難いので、供試体は前記Ｘ方向若しくは前記Ｙ方向以外に移動不能となり、供試体に望ましくない曲げ荷重が作用する可能性が自動的に排除される結果、供試体を正確且つ安定的に保持することができる。   With such a configuration, the specimen is held movably only in the X direction by the elastic holding plate which is the first holding member, while avoiding the complexity of the structure and the increase in the number of parts, and the second The specimen can be held movably only in the Y direction by an elastic holding plate which is a holding member. In addition, since the elastic holding plate has high rigidity in the plane direction and is difficult to deform, the specimen cannot move in any direction other than the X direction or the Y direction, and an undesirable bending load may automatically act on the specimen. As a result of being eliminated, the specimen can be held accurately and stably.

一方、前記第一保持手段若しくは前記第二保持手段の少なくとも一方に、前記第一保持手段若しくは前記第二保持手段の振動を減衰する制振ダンパを設けることもできる。   On the other hand, at least one of the first holding means or the second holding means may be provided with a damping damper that attenuates the vibration of the first holding means or the second holding means.

このような構成とすれば、疲労試験中に供試体に負荷される繰り返し捻り荷重に起因する振動を制振ダンパで減衰させることが可能となるため、供試体の保持安定性がさらに向上し、試験精度の向上に有効である。   With such a configuration, it becomes possible to attenuate the vibration caused by the repeated torsional load applied to the specimen during the fatigue test with the damping damper, so that the holding stability of the specimen is further improved, Effective for improving test accuracy.

また、前記圧縮手段として、前記供試体に軸心方向の圧縮力を負荷可能なネジ機構を設けることができる。   Further, as the compression means, a screw mechanism capable of applying a compressive force in the axial direction to the specimen can be provided.

このような構成とすれば、油圧アクチュエータや油圧ポンプなどを使用することなく供試体に圧縮力を負荷することが可能となるため、油圧系統のメンテナンス（オイルやフィルタの交換など）が不要であり、消費電力の増大、試験機の大型化及び複雑化を回避することができる。   With such a configuration, it is possible to apply a compressive force to the specimen without using a hydraulic actuator or a hydraulic pump, thus eliminating the need for maintenance of the hydraulic system (such as replacement of oil and filters). , Increase in power consumption, increase in size and complexity of the testing machine can be avoided.

本発明により、簡素な構造で供試体のセッティングが容易であり、高速且つ高精度の疲労試験を行うことができる疲労試験機を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fatigue testing machine that can easily set a specimen with a simple structure and can perform a high-speed and high-precision fatigue test.

本発明の実施形態である疲労試験機を示す一部切欠正面図である。It is a partially cutaway front view showing a fatigue testing machine which is an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示す疲労試験機の一部を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a part of fatigue testing machine shown in FIG.

図１，図２に示すように、本実施形態の疲労試験機３０においては、供試体１を一定姿勢に保持する第一保持部材３１及び第二保持部材３２と、供試体１に当該供試体１の軸心Ｚ方向の圧縮荷重を負荷する圧縮手段３３と、圧縮手段３３で圧縮荷重が負荷された状態にある供試体１に当該供試体１の軸心Ｚ周りの捻り荷重を繰り返し負荷する捻り手段３４と、が供試体１の軸心Ｚと同軸上に配置されている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the fatigue testing machine 30 of this embodiment, the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 that hold the specimen 1 in a fixed posture, and the specimen 1 as the specimen. The compression means 33 for applying a compressive load in the direction of the axis Z of 1 and the specimen 1 in a state in which the compression load is applied by the compression means 33 are repeatedly loaded with a torsional load around the axis Z of the specimen 1 The twisting means 34 is arranged coaxially with the axis Z of the specimen 1.

また、第一保持部材３１として、供試体１を当該供試体１の軸心Ｚと直交するＸ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂを設けるとともに、第二保持部材３２として、供試体１を軸心Ｚ及びＸ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂを設けている。圧縮手段３３として、後述する圧縮支持板４ｂの雌ネジ孔１９に雄ネジ部５ａを介して螺着された圧縮負荷棒５を設けている。   Further, as the first holding member 31, first elastic holding plates 31 a and 31 b that hold the specimen 1 movably only in the X direction orthogonal to the axis Z of the specimen 1 are provided, and the second holding member 32 is provided. The second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are provided to hold the specimen 1 so as to be movable only in the Y direction perpendicular to the axis Z and the X direction. As the compression means 33, there is provided a compression load rod 5 screwed into a female screw hole 19 of a compression support plate 4b described later via a male screw portion 5a.

図２に示すように、第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂ及び第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂは、それぞれ供試体１の軸心Ｚを挟んだ対称位置で互いに平行をなす一対の仮想平面（図示せず）の一部を形成するように配置されている。第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂはそれぞれの平面方向がいずれも水平方向（Ｙ方向）となるように配置され、第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂはそれぞれの平面方向がいずれも垂直方向（Ｘ方向）となるように配置されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b and the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are each a pair of virtual planes that are parallel to each other at symmetrical positions with the axis Z of the specimen 1 interposed therebetween (see FIG. 2). (Not shown) is formed so as to form a part. The first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b are arranged so that the respective plane directions are in the horizontal direction (Y direction), and the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are both in the vertical direction (X direction). ).

第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂ及び第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂの材質は限定しないが、本実施形態の疲労試験機３０においては、弾性を有する金属材料で形成された平板材を使用している。また、第一保持部材３１の下方には、試験中の当該第一保持部材３１の振動を減衰する制振ダンパ１０を設けている。   The materials of the first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b and the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are not limited. However, in the fatigue testing machine 30 of the present embodiment, a flat plate made of an elastic metal material is used. Yes. A vibration damper 10 is provided below the first holding member 31 to attenuate the vibration of the first holding member 31 under test.

ここで、図１，図２に基づいて疲労試験機３０の構造、機能などについて詳しく説明する。図１に示すように、水平配置された平板状のベース材１７上に２枚の圧縮支持板４ａ，４ｂが所定距離を隔てて互いに平行をなす姿勢で垂直に配置され、これらの圧縮支持板４ａ，４ｂが水平に配置された複数の反力棒１３によって連結されている。   Here, the structure and function of the fatigue testing machine 30 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, two compression support plates 4a and 4b are arranged vertically on a horizontally arranged flat base member 17 in a posture parallel to each other at a predetermined distance. 4a and 4b are connected by a plurality of reaction force bars 13 arranged horizontally.

図１の左方に位置する圧縮支持板４ａには、先端側（圧縮支持板４ｂ側）にフランジ１８ａを有する水平支軸１８が回転自在に取り付けられ、その基端側は自在継手１４を介して捻り負荷軸１５に連接されている。捻り負荷軸１５の基端側は捻り手段３４に取り付けられ、捻り負荷軸１５の先端側（自在継手１４側）は、ベース材１７上に設置された軸受け部３５内の複数のラジアル軸受け８によって回転自在に軸支されている。   A horizontal support shaft 18 having a flange 18a on the distal end side (compression support plate 4b side) is rotatably attached to the compression support plate 4a located on the left side of FIG. And connected to the torsion load shaft 15. The proximal end side of the torsion load shaft 15 is attached to the twist means 34, and the distal end side (the universal joint 14 side) of the torsion load shaft 15 is provided by a plurality of radial bearings 8 in the bearing portion 35 installed on the base material 17. It is pivotally supported.

水平支軸１８のフランジ１８ａと圧縮支持板４ａとの間にはスラスト軸受け９が挟持され、水平支軸１８のフランジ１８ａより先端側の部分は第一保持部材３１内のラジアル軸受け８により回転自在に軸支され、水平支軸１８の先端部に供試体固定台２ａが取り付けられている。第一保持部材３１とベース材１７との間には、制振ダンパ１０が取り付けられている。制振ダンパ１０と第一保持部材３１との間には、高さ調整のためのジャッキ１２及び第一保持部材３１の自重を支えるためのバネ１１が設けられている。   A thrust bearing 9 is sandwiched between the flange 18a of the horizontal support shaft 18 and the compression support plate 4a, and a portion on the tip side of the flange 18a of the horizontal support shaft 18 is freely rotatable by the radial bearing 8 in the first holding member 31. A specimen fixing base 2 a is attached to the tip of the horizontal support shaft 18. The vibration damper 10 is attached between the first holding member 31 and the base material 17. Between the vibration damper 10 and the first holding member 31, a jack 12 for height adjustment and a spring 11 for supporting the weight of the first holding member 31 are provided.

図１の右方に位置する圧縮支持板４ｂに開設された雌ネジ孔１９には、圧縮負荷棒５の雄ネジ部５ａが水平方向に螺着され、その先端部５ｂは、荷重計１６を介して供試体固定台２ｂに連接されている。供試体固定台２ｂは、ベース材１７上に設置された第二保持部材３２に取り付けられている。圧縮支持板４ｂより右側に突出した圧縮負荷棒５の基端部５ｃには、圧縮負荷棒５を軸心Ｚ周りに手動回転させるための操作ハンドル６が設けられている。   The male threaded portion 5a of the compression load bar 5 is screwed in the horizontal direction in the female threaded hole 19 formed in the compression support plate 4b located on the right side of FIG. And connected to the specimen fixing base 2b. The specimen fixing base 2 b is attached to a second holding member 32 installed on the base material 17. An operation handle 6 for manually rotating the compression load rod 5 about the axis Z is provided at the base end portion 5c of the compression load rod 5 protruding to the right side from the compression support plate 4b.

供試体１のセッティングは、その両端部をそれぞれ供試体固定台２ａ，２ｂに固定することによって行われる。供試体１と供試体固定台２ａとの間及び供試体１と荷重計１６との間にはそれぞれ鋼球７ａ，７ｂが配置されている。供試体１が正しくセッティングされた状態では、捻り負荷軸１５、支軸１８、供試体固定台２ａ、鋼球７ａ、供試体１、供試体固定台２ｂ、鋼球７ｂ、荷重計１６及び圧縮負荷棒５が全て軸心Ｚと同軸に配列された状態となる。   Setting of the specimen 1 is performed by fixing both ends of the specimen 1 to the specimen fixing bases 2a and 2b. Steel balls 7a and 7b are disposed between the specimen 1 and the specimen fixing base 2a and between the specimen 1 and the load cell 16, respectively. When the specimen 1 is set correctly, the torsion load shaft 15, the support shaft 18, the specimen fixing base 2a, the steel ball 7a, the specimen 1, the specimen fixing base 2b, the steel ball 7b, the load meter 16 and the compression load The rods 5 are all arranged coaxially with the axis Z.

図２に示すように、第一保持部材３１は、ベース材１７上に立設された支柱３６によって水平状態に保持された２枚の第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂと、これらの第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂの先端部同士の間に挟持された軸受け部材３７と、支軸１８を軸支するため軸受け部材３７内に嵌め込まれたラジアル軸受け８と、を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the first holding member 31 includes two first elastic holding plates 31 a and 31 b held in a horizontal state by a column 36 standing on the base material 17, and these first elastic members. A bearing member 37 sandwiched between the front ends of the holding plates 31a and 31b, and a radial bearing 8 fitted into the bearing member 37 to support the support shaft 18 are provided.

平板状をした第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂは、供試体１の軸心Ｚと直交するＸ方向のみに弾性変形可能であるため、第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂに挟持された軸受け部材３７を貫通する支軸１８に取り付けられた供試体固定台２ａは前記Ｘ方向のみに移動可能である。   Since the first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b having a flat plate shape can be elastically deformed only in the X direction orthogonal to the axis Z of the specimen 1, the bearing member 37 sandwiched between the first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b. The specimen fixing base 2a attached to the support shaft 18 that passes through is movable only in the X direction.

同様に、第二保持部材３２は、ベース材１７上に固定された支持盤３８によって垂直状態に保持された２枚の第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂと、これらの第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂの先端部同士の間に水平状態に挟持された天板３９と、供試体１を固定するため天板３９上に取り付けられた供試体固定台２ｂと、を備えている。   Similarly, the second holding member 32 includes two second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b held in a vertical state by a support plate 38 fixed on the base member 17, and these second elastic holding plates 32a and 32a. A top plate 39 sandwiched in a horizontal state between the tip portions of 32b, and a specimen fixing base 2b attached on the top board 39 for fixing the specimen 1 are provided.

第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂは、供試体１の軸心Ｚ及びＸ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに弾性変形であるため、第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂの先端部同士の間に挟持された天板３９及び供試体固定台２ｂは前記Ｙ方向のみに移動可能である。   Since the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are elastically deformed only in the Y direction perpendicular to the axis Z and the X direction of the specimen 1, they are sandwiched between the tip portions of the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b. The top plate 39 and the specimen fixing base 2b are movable only in the Y direction.

疲労試験機３０を使用する場合、供試体１の両端部をそれぞれ供試体固定台２ａ，２ｂに固定した後、制振ダンパ１０上部のジャッキ１２を操作して、供試体１の軸心Ｚが水平状態となるように調整する。供試体１の固定及び水平調整が完了したら、操作ハンドル６を手動回転させ、供試体１に対し軸心Ｚ方向の圧縮荷重を負荷する。このときの圧縮荷重の強さは荷重計１６に基づく表示により目視確認することができる。   When the fatigue testing machine 30 is used, both ends of the specimen 1 are fixed to the specimen fixing bases 2a and 2b, respectively, and then the jack 12 above the vibration damper 10 is operated so that the axis Z of the specimen 1 is adjusted. Adjust so that it is level. When the specimen 1 is fixed and leveled, the operation handle 6 is manually rotated, and a compressive load in the axis Z direction is applied to the specimen 1. The strength of the compression load at this time can be visually confirmed by a display based on the load meter 16.

供試体１に対する圧縮荷重の負荷が完了した後、捻り手段３４を稼働させると、捻り負荷軸１５が軸心Ｚ中心に所定角度の範囲内で正転・逆転を交互に繰り返すので、自在継手１４及び支軸１８を介して供試体固定台２ａが正転・逆転を交互に繰り返すことにより、供試体１に対し、当該供試体１の軸心Ｚ周りの捻り荷重が繰り返し負荷される。これにより、従来の疲労試験機と同様、疲労亀裂の進展状況などを観察して、試験を行うことができる。なお、捻り手段３４については特に限定しないので、例えば、インバータモータで回転駆動された偏心カムと梁部材とを組み合わせた機構やリンク機構を採用することができる。   When the torsion means 34 is operated after the compression load is applied to the specimen 1, the torsion load shaft 15 alternately repeats normal rotation and reverse rotation within the range of a predetermined angle about the axis Z, so that the universal joint 14 When the specimen fixing base 2a alternately repeats normal rotation and reverse rotation via the support shaft 18, a torsional load around the axis Z of the specimen 1 is repeatedly applied to the specimen 1. As a result, the test can be performed by observing the progress of fatigue cracks and the like, as in a conventional fatigue testing machine. In addition, since it does not specifically limit about the twist means 34, For example, the mechanism and link mechanism which combined the eccentric cam and beam member which were rotationally driven with the inverter motor are employable.

疲労試験機３０は、供試体１を保持する第一保持部材３１及び第二保持部材３２、供試体１に圧縮荷重を負荷する圧縮手段３３、供試体１に捻り荷重を繰り返し負荷する捻り手段３４が軸心Ｚ上に直列に配置された簡素な構造であるため、従来の疲労試験機のような広い設置スペースは不要である。   The fatigue testing machine 30 includes a first holding member 31 and a second holding member 32 that hold the specimen 1, a compression means 33 that applies a compressive load to the specimen 1, and a twisting means 34 that repeatedly applies a torsional load to the specimen 1. Is a simple structure arranged in series on the axis Z, so that a large installation space is not required as in a conventional fatigue testing machine.

また、供試体１の保持手段として、供試体１の軸心Ｚと直交するＸ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第一保持部材３１と、軸心Ｚ及びＸ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第二保持部材３２と、を設けたことにより、供試体１を保持手段にセッティングしたときの、供試体１と保持手段とのズレを第一保持部材３１や第二保持部材３２が吸収して供試体１を正確且つ安定的に保持することができる。   Further, as a holding means for the specimen 1, a first holding member 31 that holds the specimen 1 so as to be movable only in the X direction orthogonal to the axis Z of the specimen 1 and moves only in the Y direction orthogonal to the axes Z and X. The first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 are arranged so that the specimen 1 and the holding means are not misaligned when the specimen 1 is set as the holding means. Can be absorbed and the specimen 1 can be held accurately and stably.

このように、第一保持部材３１及び第二保持部材３２の変形により、供試体１がＸ，Ｙ方向に移動して自動的に軸心調整されるため、供試体１に対し、捻り荷重及び圧縮荷重の二つの荷重のみを作用させることができる。このため、供試体１のセッティングが容易となるだけでなく、不要な曲げ荷重が供試体１に加わらないので、高速かつ高精度の疲労試験を行うことができる。   Thus, the deformation of the first holding member 31 and the second holding member 32 causes the specimen 1 to move in the X and Y directions and automatically adjust the axial center. Only two loads of compressive loads can be applied. For this reason, not only the setting of the specimen 1 is facilitated, but also an unnecessary bending load is not applied to the specimen 1, so that a high-speed and high-precision fatigue test can be performed.

さらに、第一弾性保持板３１ａ，３１ｂ及び第二弾性保持板３２ａ，３２ｂとして、それぞれ供試体１の軸心Ｚを挟んで互いに平行をなす一対の仮想平面の一部を形成するように配置された２枚の弾性金属板を設けているため、構造の複雑化及び部品点数の増加を回避しつつ、供試体１を正確且つ安定的に保持することができる。   Furthermore, the first elastic holding plates 31a and 31b and the second elastic holding plates 32a and 32b are arranged so as to form part of a pair of virtual planes that are parallel to each other across the axis Z of the specimen 1. In addition, since the two elastic metal plates are provided, the specimen 1 can be held accurately and stably while avoiding a complicated structure and an increase in the number of parts.

一方、第一保持部材３１とベース材１７との間に、第一保持部材３１の振動を減衰する制振ダンパ１０を設けたことにより、疲労試験中、捻り手段３４から供試体１に負荷される繰り返し捻り荷重に起因する振動は制振ダンパ１０で減衰されるため、供試体１の保持安定性がさらに向上し、試験精度の向上に有効である。なお、試験開始前の制振ダンパ１０はその長さが変更可能であるが、疲労試験中に加わる振動に対しては剛性を発揮するので、第一保持部材３１を安定保持することができる。   On the other hand, by providing the damping damper 10 that attenuates the vibration of the first holding member 31 between the first holding member 31 and the base material 17, the specimen 1 is loaded from the twisting means 34 during the fatigue test. Since the vibration caused by the repeated torsional load is damped by the damping damper 10, the holding stability of the specimen 1 is further improved, which is effective for improving the test accuracy. Although the length of the damping damper 10 before the start of the test can be changed, the first holding member 31 can be stably held because it exhibits rigidity against vibration applied during the fatigue test.

また、疲労試験機３０においては、圧縮手段３３として、供試体１に軸心Ｚ方向の圧縮力を負荷可能なネジ機構（圧縮負荷棒５の雄ネジ部５ａと圧縮支持板４ｂの雌ネジ孔１９との螺合機構）を用いている。従って、油圧アクチュエータや油圧ポンプなどを使用することなく供試体１に圧縮力を負荷することができ、油圧系統のメンテナンス（オイルやフィルタの交換など）が不要であり、消費電力の増大、試験機の大型化及び複雑化を回避することができる。なお、前記ネジ機構による圧縮力を供試体１に負荷させない状態で捻り手段３４を稼働させることにより、純粋な捻り疲労試験を行うこともできる。   Further, in the fatigue testing machine 30, as the compression means 33, a screw mechanism (a male screw portion 5a of the compression load bar 5 and a female screw hole of the compression support plate 4b) capable of applying a compressive force in the axial Z direction to the specimen 1 is used. 19). Therefore, it is possible to apply a compressive force to the specimen 1 without using a hydraulic actuator or a hydraulic pump, so that maintenance of the hydraulic system (e.g., oil or filter replacement) is unnecessary, power consumption increases, Increase in size and complexity can be avoided. In addition, a pure torsional fatigue test can also be performed by operating the twisting means 34 in a state where the compression force by the screw mechanism is not applied to the specimen 1.

本発明の疲労試験機は、各種材料の疲労強度評価や疲労特性評価を必要とする金属その他の素材産業や各種試験研究機関などにおいて広く利用することができる。   The fatigue testing machine of the present invention can be widely used in metals and other material industries that require fatigue strength evaluation and fatigue property evaluation of various materials, various test research institutions, and the like.

１ 供試体
２ａ，２ｂ 供試体固定台
４ａ，４ｂ 圧縮支持板
５ 圧縮負荷棒
５ａ 雄ネジ部
５ｂ 先端部
５ｃ 基端部
６ 操作ハンドル
７ａ，７ｂ 鋼球
８ ラジアル軸受け
９ スラスト軸受け
１０ 制振ダンパ
１１ バネ
１２ ジャッキ
１３ 反力棒
１４ 自在継手
１５ 捻り負荷軸
１６ 荷重計
１７ ベース材
１８ 支軸
１８ａ フランジ
１９ 雌ネジ孔
３０ 疲労試験機
３１ 第一保持部材
３１ａ，３１ｂ 第一弾性保持板
３２ 第二保持部材
３２ａ，３２ｂ 第二弾性保持板
３３ 圧縮手段
３４ 捻り手段
３５ 軸受け部
３６ 支柱
３７ 軸受け部材
３８ 支持盤
３９ 天板 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Specimen 2a, 2b Specimen fixing base 4a, 4b Compression support plate 5 Compression load rod 5a Male thread part 5b Tip part 5c Base end part 6 Operation handle 7a, 7b Steel ball 8 Radial bearing 9 Thrust bearing 10 Damping damper 11 Spring 12 Jack 13 Reaction bar 14 Universal joint 15 Torsion load shaft 16 Load meter 17 Base material 18 Support shaft 18a Flange 19 Female screw hole 30 Fatigue testing machine 31 First holding member 31a, 31b First elastic holding plate 32 Second holding Members 32a, 32b Second elastic holding plate 33 Compression means 34 Twist means 35 Bearing portion 36 Support column 37 Bearing member 38 Support plate 39 Top plate

Claims (4)

供試体を一定姿勢に保持する少なくとも二つの保持手段と、前記供試体に当該供試体の軸心方向の圧縮荷重を負荷する圧縮手段と、前記圧縮手段で圧縮荷重が負荷された状態にある前記供試体に当該供試体の軸心周りの捻り荷重を繰り返し負荷する捻り手段と、が前記供試体の軸心と同軸上に配置され、前記保持手段として、前記供試体を当該供試体の軸心と直交するＸ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第一保持部材と、前記軸心及び前記Ｘ方向と直交するＹ方向のみに移動可能に保持する第二保持部材と、を設け、
前記供試体をセッティングするとき、前記供試体の両端部をそれぞれ固定する供試体固定台を備え、
一方の前記供試体固定台は、ベース材上に立設された支柱によって保持された前記第一保持部材に回転自在に軸支された水平支軸の先端部に取り付けられ、
前記第一保持部材と前記ベース材との間には、制振ダンパと、前記第一保持部材の自重を支えるためのバネと、が設けられ、
他方の前記供試体固定台は、前記ベース材上に設置された前記第二保持部材に取り付けられたことを特徴とする疲労試験機。 At least two holding means for holding the specimen in a fixed posture, compression means for applying a compressive load in the axial direction of the specimen to the specimen, and the compression load being applied by the compression means A twisting means for repeatedly applying a torsional load around the axis of the specimen to the specimen, and being arranged on the same axis as the axis of the specimen, and the specimen as an axis of the specimen as the holding means A first holding member that is movably held only in the X direction orthogonal to the second axis, and a second holding member that is movably held only in the Y direction perpendicular to the axial center and the X direction ,
When setting the specimen, equipped with a specimen fixing base for fixing both ends of the specimen,
One of the specimen fixing bases is attached to the tip of a horizontal spindle that is rotatably supported by the first holding member that is held by a column erected on a base material,
Between the first holding member and the base material, a vibration damper and a spring for supporting the weight of the first holding member are provided,
The fatigue tester characterized in that the other specimen fixing base is attached to the second holding member installed on the base material . 前記第一保持部材及び前記第二保持部材として、それぞれ前記供試体の軸心を挟んで互いに平行をなす一対の仮想平面の一部を形成するように配置された少なくとも２枚の弾性保持板を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の疲労試験機。   As the first holding member and the second holding member, at least two elastic holding plates arranged so as to form part of a pair of virtual planes that are parallel to each other across the axis of the specimen. The fatigue testing machine according to claim 1, wherein the fatigue testing machine is provided. 前記第一保持部材若しくは前記第二保持部材の少なくとも一方に、前記第一保持部材若しくは前記第二保持部材の振動を減衰させる制振ダンパを設けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の疲労試験機。   The damping damper for attenuating vibration of the first holding member or the second holding member is provided on at least one of the first holding member or the second holding member. Fatigue testing machine. 前記圧縮手段として、前記供試体に軸心方向の圧縮力を負荷可能なネジ機構を設けた請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の疲労試験機。   The fatigue testing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a screw mechanism capable of applying an axial compressive force to the specimen is provided as the compression means.
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