JP5333998B2 - Filtration system - Google Patents
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- JP5333998B2 JP5333998B2 JP2010002506A JP2010002506A JP5333998B2 JP 5333998 B2 JP5333998 B2 JP 5333998B2 JP 2010002506 A JP2010002506 A JP 2010002506A JP 2010002506 A JP2010002506 A JP 2010002506A JP 5333998 B2 JP5333998 B2 JP 5333998B2
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims description 230
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 257
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Description
この発明は、原水中に含まれる非溶解物などの不純物を濾材によって除去する濾過システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a filtration system that removes impurities such as non-dissolved substances contained in raw water with a filter medium.
原水ラインと処理水ラインとの間に接続され、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去する複数台の濾過手段と、前記各濾過手段への通水を切り換えて濾過処理を行う制御手段とを備える濾過システムは、特許文献１にて知られている。特許文献１の濾過システムは、各濾過手段が目詰まりを生ずると、他の濾過手段に通水を切り換えるように構成している。 A plurality of filtration means connected between the raw water line and the treated water line to remove impurities contained in the raw water by a filter medium; and a control means for switching the water flow to each of the filtration means to perform the filtration treatment. The filtration system provided is known from Patent Document 1. The filtration system of Patent Document 1 is configured to switch water flow to another filtration means when each filtration means is clogged.
しかしながら、この濾過システムにおいては、目詰まり，すなわち濾材で不純物を捕捉できる量を超えたことによる性能低下（再生をすることである程度回復する）により、通水を切り換えるものであって、通水や再生の繰り返しによる、濾材の劣化に起因する性能低下（再生しても回復しない性能低下）により、通水の切り換えを行っていない。その結果、濾材の劣化度を考慮して濾過性能を最大化した濾過処理ができていなかった。 However, in this filtration system, the water flow is switched due to clogging, that is, the performance drop due to exceeding the amount capable of trapping impurities by the filter medium (recovered to some extent by regeneration). The water flow is not switched due to the performance degradation due to the deterioration of the filter media due to repeated regeneration (performance degradation that does not recover even after regeneration). As a result, the filtration treatment that maximizes the filtration performance in consideration of the degree of deterioration of the filter medium has not been achieved.
この発明が解決しようとする課題は、濾材の劣化度を考慮して濾過システムの濾過性能を最大化することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to maximize the filtration performance of the filtration system in consideration of the degree of deterioration of the filter medium.
この発明は、前記課題を解決するためになされたもので、請求項１に記載の発明は、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去して処理水を得る複数台の濾過手段と、前記各濾過手段への通水を選択して濾過処理を行う制御手段とを備える濾過システムであって、前記各濾過手段の再生を行う再生手段と、前記各濾過手段について、再生しても回復しない性能低下の原因となる濾材の劣化度を判定するためのデータを検出する検出手段を備え、前記制御手段は、ある濾過手段の再生工程を行うとともに、他の濾過手段にて通水工程を行うように通水を切り換え、ある濾過手段の再生工程終了後の通水工程初期における所定通水時間に対する前記検出データに基づき判定された当該濾過手段の濾材の劣化度と他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度とを比較し、ある濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度より大きいとき、他の濾過手段のうち最も濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段へ通水を切り換えるとともに、ある濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度より小さいとき、当該濾過手段の通水を継続することを特徴としている。 This invention was made in order to solve the said subject, The invention of Claim 1 remove | eliminates the impurity contained in raw | natural water with a filter medium, The several filtration means which obtains treated water , Each said each A filtration system comprising a control means for selecting a water flow to the filtration means and performing a filtration process, the regeneration means for regenerating each filtration means , and the performance of each of the filtration means that does not recover even if regenerated A detecting means for detecting data for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium that causes a decrease is provided, and the control means performs a regeneration process of a certain filtering means and performs a water passing process by another filtering means. The degree of deterioration of the filter medium of the filtering means and the deterioration of the filter medium of other filtering means determined based on the detection data for the predetermined passing time at the beginning of the water passing process after the completion of the regeneration process of a certain filtering means Degree In comparison, when the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of a certain filtering means is greater than the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of another filtering means, the water flow is switched to the filtering means having the smallest degree of deterioration of the filtering medium among other filtering means, and certain filtering means When the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is smaller than the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of the other filter means, water passing through the filter means is continued .
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、濾材の劣化度が小さい濾過手段を優先的に使用して濾過処理を行うので、濾材の劣化度を考慮して濾過システム全体としての濾過性能を最大化できるという効果を奏する。また、前記濾過手段の再生工程後の通水工程時に、濾材の劣化度を比較して、濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段を優先して使用するようにしているので、単に再生工程終了の濾過手段を優先して使用するものと比較して、濾過システム全体の濾過性能をより高いものとすることができるという効果を奏する。更に、前記濾過手段の再生工程終了後の通水工程初期における所定通水時間に対する検出データに基づき濾材の劣化度を判定するようにしているので、濾材での捕捉量を超えたことによる性能低下と、濾材の劣化による性能低下とを容易に区別でき、比較的正確に濾材の劣化度を判定でき、濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段への切り換えを確実に行うことができるという効果を奏する。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the filtration means is preferentially used with the filtering means having a small degree of deterioration of the filter medium, so that the filtration performance of the entire filtration system is maximized in consideration of the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. There is an effect that can be done. In addition, during the water flow process after the regeneration process of the filtration means, the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is compared, and the filter means with a low degree of deterioration of the filter medium is preferentially used. There is an effect that the filtration performance of the entire filtration system can be made higher than that in which the means is used preferentially. Further, since the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is determined based on the detection data for the predetermined water passage time in the initial stage of the water flow process after the regeneration process of the filtering means, the performance deterioration due to exceeding the trapped amount in the filter medium And the performance degradation due to the deterioration of the filter medium can be easily distinguished, the degree of deterioration of the filter medium can be determined relatively accurately, and switching to a filtering means with a small degree of deterioration of the filter medium can be performed reliably.
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１において、前記制御手段は、前記濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が所定値を超えると、当該濾過手段への通水を停止することを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1 , the control means stops water flow to the filtering means when the degree of deterioration of the filtering material of the filtering means exceeds a predetermined value.
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、請求項１に記載の発明による効果に加えて、濾過水質が低下した処理水の供給を防止することができるという効果を奏する。 According to the invention described in claim 2 , in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 , there is an effect that it is possible to prevent the supply of treated water having a lowered filtered water quality.
請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または請求項２において、前記検出手段は、処理水の濁度を前記データとして検出し、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する処理水の濁度により濾材の劣化度を判定することを特徴としている。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the detection unit detects turbidity of treated water as the data, and the control unit turbidity of treated water with respect to a predetermined water passing time. It is characterized by determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium.
請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項１または請求項２において、前記検出手段は、処理水の鉄濃度を前記データとして検出し、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する処理水の鉄濃度により濾材の劣化度を判定することを特徴としている。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the detection unit detects the iron concentration of the treated water as the data, and the control unit detects the iron concentration of the treated water with respect to a predetermined flow time. It is characterized by determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium.
請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項１または請求項２において、前記検出手段は、原水および処理水の濁度を前記データとして検出し、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する原水の濁度と処理水の濁度との差、またはこの差を原水の濁度で除した除去率により濾材の劣化度を判定することを特徴としている。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the detection means detects turbidity of raw water and treated water as the data, and the control means turbidity of the raw water with respect to a predetermined water passing time. It is characterized in that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is determined by the difference between the turbidity and the turbidity of the treated water, or the removal rate obtained by dividing this difference by the turbidity of the raw water.
請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項１または請求項２において、前記検出手段は、原水および処理水の鉄濃度を前記データとして検出し、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する原水の鉄濃度と処理水の鉄濃度との差、またはこの差を原水の鉄濃度で除した除去率により濾材の劣化度を判定することを特徴としている。A sixth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the first or second aspect, wherein the detection unit detects the iron concentration of the raw water and the treated water as the data, and the control unit detects the iron of the raw water for a predetermined flow time. It is characterized in that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is determined by the difference between the concentration and the iron concentration of the treated water or the removal rate obtained by dividing this difference by the iron concentration of the raw water.
請求項７に記載の発明は、請求項１または請求項２において、前記検出手段は、前記各濾過手段の原水流入側圧力と処理水流出側圧力との差圧を前記データとして検出し、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する前記差圧により濾材の劣化度を判定することを特徴としている。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the detecting unit detects, as the data, a differential pressure between the raw water inflow side pressure and the treated water outflow side pressure of each of the filtering units, The control means is characterized by determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the differential pressure with respect to a predetermined water passage time.
この発明によれば、濾材の劣化度を考慮して濾過システム全体としての濾過性能を最大化できるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to maximize the filtration performance of the entire filtration system in consideration of the degree of deterioration of the filter medium.
つぎに、この発明の濾過システムの実施の形態について説明する。この発明の実施の形態は、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去する複数台の濾過手段を備える濾過システムに好適に実施される。 Next, an embodiment of the filtration system of the present invention will be described. The embodiment of the present invention is suitably implemented in a filtration system including a plurality of filtration means for removing impurities contained in raw water with a filter medium.
この実施の形態を具体的に説明する。この実施の形態は、原水ラインと処理水ラインとの間に接続され、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去する複数の濾過手段を備えている。そして、前記各濾過手段へ通水を選択して濾過処理を行う制御手段と、前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定するためのデータを検出する検出手段とを備えている。前記制御手段は、前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定する劣化度判定機能と、前記劣化度判定機能による前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を比較する比較機能と、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段への通水を選択する選択機能とを有する。ここで、「判定する」は、「検出する」と言い換えることができる。 This embodiment will be specifically described. This embodiment is provided between the raw water line and the treated water line, and includes a plurality of filtering means for removing impurities contained in the raw water with a filter medium. And it has the control means which selects water flow to each said filtration means, and performs the filtration process, The detection means which detects the data for determining the deterioration degree of the filter medium of each said filtration means. The control means includes a deterioration degree determination function for determining the deterioration degree of the filter medium of each filtration means, a comparison function for comparing the deterioration degree of the filter medium of each filtration means by the deterioration degree determination function, and the deterioration degree of the filter medium. And a selection function for selecting water flow to the smaller filtering means. Here, “determining” can be restated as “detecting”.
この発明の実施の形態においては、前記制御手段は、前記検出手段により所定時期に得られたデータに基づき、前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定し、前記濾過手段の間で判定した濾材の劣化度を比較して、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段への通水を選択する。こうして、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の前記濾過手段を優先的に使用するので、濾材の劣化度を比較することなく、通水を選択するシステムと比較して、濾過システム全体の濾過性能が最大化される。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of each filter means based on the data obtained at a predetermined time by the detection means, and the filter medium determined between the filter means The degree of deterioration of the filter medium is compared, and water passing through the filtering means having the smaller degree of deterioration of the filter medium is selected. In this way, since the filtering means with the smaller degree of deterioration of the filter medium is preferentially used, the filtration performance of the entire filtration system is maximized as compared with the system that selects water flow without comparing the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. It becomes.
前記所定時期とは、濾材の劣化度を判定するに適した時期であって、通水工程と再生工程とを選択して行う濾過手段においては、好ましくは、前記各濾過手段の再生工程終了後の通水工程初期であり、さらに好ましくは、前記通水工程開始後処理水水質が安定した時点から所定時間である。通水工程が進行し、再生工程が近くなればなるほど、濾材での捕捉量を超えたことによる性能低下が濾材の劣化による性能低下に対して大きくなり、濾材の劣化による性能低下の判別が困難となる。前記のように好ましい時期に得られたデータに基づき劣化度を判定すれば、濾材での捕捉量を超えたことによる性能低下と、濾材の劣化による性能低下を容易に区別して判定することができる。 The predetermined time is a time suitable for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. In the filtering means that selectively performs the water flow process and the regeneration process, preferably, after the regeneration process of each filtering means is completed. This is an early stage of the water flow process, and more preferably, a predetermined time from the time when the quality of the treated water is stabilized after the start of the water flow process. As the water flow process progresses and the regeneration process becomes closer, the performance degradation due to exceeding the trapped amount in the filter media becomes larger than the performance degradation due to filter media degradation, and it is difficult to discern the performance degradation due to filter media degradation. It becomes. If the degree of deterioration is determined based on the data obtained at a preferable time as described above, it is possible to easily distinguish and determine the performance deterioration due to exceeding the trapped amount in the filter medium and the performance deterioration due to filter medium deterioration. .
ここで、この発明の実施の形態の濾過システムを構成する構成要素を説明する。前記各濾過手段は、原水ラインと処理水ラインとの間に接続され、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去する機能を有する。この濾過手段は、好ましくは、非溶解物などの不純物として原水中に含まれる鉄分を主として除去する除鉄手段であり、前記濾過システムは、除鉄システムとして構成される。この濾過手段は、好ましくは、アンスラサイト，濾過砂などの濾材（図示省略）によって濾過を行う塔式の濾過部とこの濾過部に対して通水と再生とで流れを切り換えるコントロールバルブとを含んで構成される。そして、この濾過手段は、前記濾材にマンガンゼオライトなどを使用することで、除マンガン能力を備えていてもよい。 Here, the component which comprises the filtration system of embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. Each said filtration means is connected between a raw | natural water line and a treated water line, and has a function which removes the impurity contained in raw | natural water with a filter medium. This filtration means is preferably iron removal means for mainly removing iron contained in raw water as impurities such as non-dissolved substances, and the filtration system is configured as an iron removal system. The filtration means preferably includes a tower-type filtration section that performs filtration using a filter medium (not shown) such as anthracite and filtration sand, and a control valve that switches the flow of the filtration section between water flow and regeneration. Consists of. And this filtration means may be equipped with the manganese removal capability by using manganese zeolite etc. for the said filter medium.
前記濾過手段は、前記濾材を逆浸透膜（ＲＯ膜）等の濾過膜を用いたものとすることができる。この場合、前記制御手段は、濾過膜の劣化度を判定する。 The filtration means may use a filtration membrane such as a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) as the filter medium. In this case, the control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filtration membrane.
前記２以上の複数台の濾過手段は、好ましくは、互いに並列に接続されるが、直列に接続してもよい。直列に接続する場合は、複数の濾過手段の通水が任意に選択できるように流路を形成するとともに、流れを制御する弁を設ける。また、前記濾過手段は、互いに単位時間当たりの処理容量を同じものとするが、互いに異ならせてもよい。 The two or more plural filtering means are preferably connected in parallel to each other, but may be connected in series. When connecting in series, a flow path is formed so that water flow of a plurality of filtering means can be arbitrarily selected, and a valve for controlling the flow is provided. In addition, the filtering means have the same processing capacity per unit time, but may be different from each other.
この濾過システムにおいては、好ましくは、前記各濾過手段を再生する再生手段を備え、前記制御手段により、前記各濾過手段に原水を通水して濾過処理する通水工程と、前記各濾過手段の再生を行う再生工程とを行うように構成する。この構成においては、前記各濾過手段において、通水工程と再生工程とを同時に行うのではなく、切り換えて行うように構成される。この再生工程は、前記各濾過手段の性能が再生を必要とする値に低下したとき、または低下したと考えられるときに実行される。前記各濾過手段の性能が再生を必要とする状態を一般的には破過と称する。 In this filtration system, preferably, a regenerating unit that regenerates each of the filtering units is provided, and a water passing step of filtering raw water through each of the filtering units by the control unit; And a reproduction step of performing reproduction. In this configuration, each of the filtering means is configured to switch between the water flow process and the regeneration process instead of simultaneously. This regeneration step is executed when the performance of each of the filtering means has decreased to a value that requires regeneration or when it is considered to have decreased. A state where the performance of each filtering means requires regeneration is generally referred to as breakthrough.
前記各濾過手段の性能が再生を必要とする値への低下は、水質検出手段によって濁度を検出し、前記制御手段により判定することができる。前記濾過手段が、除鉄を行うものである場合は、前記水質検出手段により、鉄濃度を検出するように構成することができる。また、前記「低下したと考えられるとき」は、前記各濾過手段の入口圧力と出口側圧力との差（差圧）により判定できる。また、前記「低下したと考えられるとき」は、予め実験により求めた設定通水時間を前記制御手段に内臓タイマ、または別のタイマにより計時することによっても判定することができる。 The decrease in the performance of each filtering means to a value that requires regeneration can be determined by the control means by detecting the turbidity by the water quality detecting means. When the filtering means is for removing iron, the water concentration detecting means can be configured to detect the iron concentration. Further, the “when it is considered that the pressure has decreased” can be determined by the difference (differential pressure) between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of each filtering means. In addition, the “when it is considered to have decreased” can also be determined by measuring a preset water passage time obtained in advance by an experiment using the built-in timer or another timer.
前記再生手段としては、前記各濾過手段の濾材を逆洗することによる周知の逆洗手段とすることができる。この逆洗は、処理水により行うが、原水を用いて行うことができる。 The regeneration means may be a well-known backwashing means by backwashing the filter medium of each filtering means. This backwashing is performed using treated water, but can be performed using raw water.
前記制御手段は、前記検出手段により得られたデータに基づき前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定する劣化度判定機能（劣化度判定手段と称することができる。）と、前記劣化度判定手段により判定された前記濾過手段の濾材の劣化度同士を比較する比較機能（比較手段と称することができる。）と、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段への通水を選択する選択機能（選択手段と称することができる。）とを有するものであれば、特定の構成のものに限定されない。これらの各機能（手段）は、前記制御手段に記憶した制御手順（プログラム）の一部により構成できる。 The control means includes a deterioration degree determination function (which can be referred to as a deterioration degree determination means) for determining the deterioration degree of the filter medium of each filtering means based on the data obtained by the detection means, and the deterioration degree determination means. A comparison function (which can be referred to as a comparison means) for comparing the degree of deterioration of the filtering medium of the filtering means determined by the above and a selection function for selecting water flow to the filtering means having a smaller degree of deterioration of the filtering medium ( As long as it can be referred to as selection means). Each of these functions (means) can be constituted by a part of a control procedure (program) stored in the control means.
前記劣化度判定手段は、好ましくは、前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定する（評価する）ためのデータを検出する検出手段により検出されるデータに基づき前記各濾過手段の濾材の劣化度を判定するように構成する。 Preferably, the deterioration degree determination means is based on the data detected by the detection means for detecting data for determining (evaluating) the deterioration degree of the filter medium of each of the filtration means. Is configured to determine.
前記検出手段は、好ましくは、つぎの第一〜第四検出手段のいずれかとする。前記第一検出手段は、前記各濾過手段により濾過された処理水の水質を前記データとして検出する。この第一検出手段としては、濁度センサとすることができる。そして、前記制御手段は、処理水水質を濁度とすると、所定通水時間に対する濁度により濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、濁度が大きいほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。 The detection means is preferably one of the following first to fourth detection means. The first detecting means detects the quality of the treated water filtered by the filtering means as the data. This first detection means can be a turbidity sensor. When the treated water quality is turbidity, the control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on turbidity with respect to a predetermined water passage time. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is larger as the turbidity is larger.
前記第二検出手段は、被処理水の水質および処理水の水質を前記データとして検出する。この第二検出手段としては、濁度センサとすることができる。そして、前記制御手段は、被処理水水質および処理水水質を濁度とすると、所定通水時間に対する被処理水の濁度と処理水濁度との差、またはこれに基づく除去率（前記濁度の差を被処理水の濁度で除した値）を演算して、濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、前記濁度の差または除去率が小さいほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。 The second detection means detects the quality of treated water and the quality of treated water as the data. The second detection means can be a turbidity sensor. When the treated water quality and the treated water quality are turbidity, the control means determines the difference between the turbidity of the treated water and the treated water turbidity with respect to a predetermined water passage time, or the removal rate based on the turbidity (the turbidity). A value obtained by dividing the degree of difference by the turbidity of the water to be treated is calculated to determine the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is larger as the difference in turbidity or the removal rate is smaller.
前記第一検出手段および前記第二検出手段は、前記濾過手段が、除鉄を行うものである場合、鉄濃度センサとすることができる。 The first detection unit and the second detection unit may be an iron concentration sensor when the filtering unit performs iron removal.
前記第三検出手段は、前記各濾過手段の入口側（流入側）圧力と出口側（流出側）圧力との差圧を前記データとして検出する。この第三検出手段としては、差圧センサとすることができる。そして、前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する前記差圧により濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、前記差圧が大きいほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。 The third detection means detects the differential pressure between the inlet side (inflow side) pressure and the outlet side (outflow side) pressure of each filtering means as the data. The third detection means can be a differential pressure sensor. And the said control means determines the deterioration degree of a filter medium with the said differential pressure | voltage with respect to predetermined water flow time. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium increases as the differential pressure increases.
前記第四検出手段は、前記各濾過手段の再生工程とつぎの再生工程との間の濾過継続時間（通水継続時間）を前記データとして検出する。そして、前記制御手段は、前記濾過継続時間により濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、前記濾過継続時間が短いほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。 The fourth detection means detects the filtration continuation time (water passage continuation time) between the regeneration process of each filtration means and the next regeneration process as the data. And the said control means determines the deterioration degree of a filter medium with the said filtration continuation time. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is larger as the filtration duration time is shorter.
前記制御手段が濾材の劣化度判定のために用いるデータは、各濾過手段の最新（直近）のデータとするが、最新のデータを含む過去適数回のデータ平均とすることができる。 The data used by the control means for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is the latest (most recent) data of each filtration means, but can be an average of the past appropriate number of data including the latest data.
この発明は、前記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、互いに並列に接続される濾過手段の通水台数を増減する濾過システムにも適用される。この濾過システムにおいても、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段への通水を優先して行うように構成する。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and is also applied to a filtration system that increases or decreases the number of water passing units of filtration means connected in parallel to each other. This filtration system is also configured to preferentially pass water to the filtration means having a smaller degree of deterioration of the filter medium.
前記各検出手段は、好ましくは、システム構成を簡素化すべく、前記各濾過手段に共通の検出手段として設けるが、前記各濾過手段毎に前記各検出手段を設けることができる。 The detection means are preferably provided as detection means common to the filtration means in order to simplify the system configuration, but the detection means can be provided for each of the filtration means.
つぎに、この発明の実施１について図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は、同実施例１の構成を示す概略的な説明図であり、図２、３は、同実施例１の互いに異なる要部制御手順を説明するフローチャート図である。 Next, Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are flowcharts for explaining different main part control procedures of the first embodiment.
＜実施例１の構成＞
この実施例１の濾過システムは、原水中に含まれる不純物を濾材によって除去する２台の互いに並列に接続される第一系統濾過手段１Ａ，第二系統濾過手段１Ｂと、これら濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂを再生する再生手段２と、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂへ濾過処理のために通水する通水工程と前記再生手段による再生工程を切り換える工程切換バルブ手段３と、前記濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂにより処理された処理水を貯留する処理水タンク（処理水貯留部と称することができる。）６と、前記バルブ手段３，通水用の第一ポンプ４，再生用の第二ポンプ５等を制御する制御手段７とを主要部として備えている。前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂは、互いに並列に接続される同じ構成で、同じ処理容量／単位時間当たりとしている。
<Configuration of Example 1>
The filtration system of the first embodiment includes two first system filtration means 1A and second system filtration means 1B connected in parallel to remove impurities contained in the raw water with a filter medium, and these filtration means 1A and 1B. The regenerating means 2, the process switching valve means 3 for switching between the water passing process for passing the filtration means 1A and 1B for the filtering process and the regenerating process by the regenerating means, and the filtering means 1A and 1B. A treated water tank (which may be referred to as a treated water storage unit) 6 for storing treated treated water, the valve means 3, a first pump for water passage 4, a second pump 5 for regeneration, and the like are controlled. The control means 7 is provided as a main part. The filtering means 1A and 1B have the same configuration connected in parallel to each other, and have the same processing capacity / unit time.
前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂは、それぞれ前記第一ポンプ４を備える第一原水ライン８から分岐した各第二原水ライン９Ａ，９Ｂと各第一処理水ライン１０Ａ，１０Ｂとの間に接続されている。前記第一処理水ライン１０Ａ、１０Ｂは、合流して第二処理水ライン１１に接続されている。 The filtration means 1A and 1B are connected between the second raw water lines 9A and 9B branched from the first raw water line 8 including the first pump 4 and the first treated water lines 10A and 10B, respectively. Yes. The first treated water lines 10 </ b> A and 10 </ b> B merge and are connected to the second treated water line 11.
前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂは、それぞれ塔式の濾過部１２Ａ，１２Ｂとコントロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂとを備えている。前記各濾過部１２Ａ，１２Ｂは、原水中に含まれる鉄分を主として除去する除鉄機能に加えて除マンガン機能を持たせるべく、マンガンゼオライトとした濾材（図示省略）によって濾過を行うように構成されている。 Each of the filtering means 1A and 1B includes tower-type filtering sections 12A and 12B and control valves 13A and 13B, respectively. Each of the filtration units 12A and 12B is configured to perform filtration with a filter medium (not shown) made of manganese zeolite so as to have a manganese removal function in addition to the iron removal function that mainly removes iron contained in the raw water. ing.
前記各コントロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂは、前記各濾過部１２Ａ，１２Ｂにおける水の流れを通水工程とする通水位置と水の流れを再生工程とする再生位置とに切り換えるように構成され、それぞれ前記第二原水ライン９Ａ，９Ｂと、前記第一処理水ライン１０Ａ，１０Ｂと、排水ライン１４Ａ，１４Ｂが接続されている。 Each of the control valves 13A and 13B is configured to switch between a water passage position where the water flow in each of the filtration units 12A and 12B is a water passage process and a regeneration position where the water flow is a regeneration process. Second raw water lines 9A and 9B, the first treated water lines 10A and 10B, and drainage lines 14A and 14B are connected.
前記各第一処理水ライン１０Ａ，１０Ｂにはそれぞれ通水切り換え用の通水切換バルブ１５Ａ，１５Ｂを備えている。 The first treated water lines 10A and 10B are respectively provided with water flow switching valves 15A and 15B for switching water flow.
前記処理水タンク６は、濾過処理された処理水を貯留するタンクであり、前記第二処理水ライン１１の反合流側端部が接続されるとともに、処理水利用設備（図示省略）へ処理水を供給する第三処理水ライン１６が接続されている。この第三処理水ライン１６には、処理水配給用のポンプ（図示省略）を設けている。また、前記処理水タンク６には、水位検出手段１７を備えている。 The treated water tank 6 is a tank for storing filtered treated water. The treated water tank 6 is connected to the opposite end of the second treated water line 11 and is treated to treated water utilization equipment (not shown). Is connected to the third treated water line 16. The third treated water line 16 is provided with a treated water distribution pump (not shown). The treated water tank 6 is provided with a water level detecting means 17.
前記再生手段２は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの濾材を切り換えて逆洗することによる逆洗手段として構成されている。この再生手段２は、前記処理水タンク６に接続され前記第二ポンプ５を備えた第一逆洗ライン１８と、前記第一逆洗ライン１８から分岐した第二逆洗ライン２０Ａ，２０Ｂと、前記コンロロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂと、前記排水ライン１４Ａ，１４Ｂとを含んで構成されている。 The regeneration means 2 is configured as a backwashing means by switching the filter media of the filtering means 1A and 1B and backwashing. The regeneration means 2 includes a first backwash line 18 connected to the treated water tank 6 and provided with the second pump 5; second backwash lines 20A and 20B branched from the first backwash line 18; The stove roll valves 13A and 13B and the drain lines 14A and 14B are included.
前記工程切換バルブ手段（以下、単に「バルブ手段」と称する。）３は、この実施例１では、前記各コントロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂと、前記各通水切換バルブ１５Ａ，１５Ｂとを含んで構成されている。なお、この実施例１では、前記各逆洗ライン２０Ａ，２０Ｂをそれぞれ前記コントロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂと接続して、この各コントロールバルブ１３Ａ，１３Ｂにより再生工程時の処理水の流れを切り換えるように構成しているが、前記各逆洗ライン２０Ａ，２０Ｂをそれぞれ前記第二原水ライン９Ａ，９Ｂと接続して、前記各逆洗ライン２０Ａ，２０Ｂに逆洗切換バルブ（図示省略）を設けて、この逆洗切換バルブの開閉により再生工程時の処理水の流れを切り換えるように構成することができる。この場合、前記各第二原水ライン９Ａ，９Ｂに処理水の流れを阻止するバルブ（図示省略）を設ける。 In the first embodiment, the process switching valve means (hereinafter simply referred to as “valve means”) 3 includes the control valves 13A and 13B and the water flow switching valves 15A and 15B. ing. In the first embodiment, the backwash lines 20A and 20B are connected to the control valves 13A and 13B, respectively, and the flow of treated water during the regeneration process is switched by the control valves 13A and 13B. However, the backwash lines 20A and 20B are connected to the second raw water lines 9A and 9B, respectively, and backwash switching valves (not shown) are provided in the backwash lines 20A and 20B. The flow of treated water during the regeneration process can be switched by opening and closing the backwash switching valve. In this case, the second raw water lines 9A and 9B are provided with valves (not shown) for blocking the flow of treated water.
前記第一ポンプ４の下流側には、鉄分および懸濁物質の除去に使用する薬剤の薬注手段として、酸化剤添加手段および凝集剤添加手段（いずれも図示しないが、特開２００７−３３０８９９号公報に示されるものと同様の構成のものである。）が接続されている。この酸化剤添加手段および凝集剤添加手段は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの通水工程時に作動される。 On the downstream side of the first pump 4, an oxidant addition means and a flocculant addition means (both not shown, but not shown, as a medicine injection means for use in removing iron and suspended substances, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-330899 The same configuration as that shown in the publication is connected. The oxidizing agent adding means and the flocculant adding means are operated during the water passing process of the filtering means 1A and 1B.
前記制御手段７は、マイクロプロセッサ，記憶手段等を含んで構成される。この制御手段７は、前記バルブ手段３を制御して流路を切り換えることにより、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂのいずれか一方に原水を通水して濾過処理する通水工程と、前記再生手段２を制御して流路を切り換えることにより、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂのうち非通水工程側の前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの逆洗による再生工程とを行うように構成されている。 The control means 7 includes a microprocessor, storage means and the like. The control means 7 controls the valve means 3 to switch the flow path, thereby passing the raw water through one of the filtration means 1A and 1B for filtration, and the regeneration means. By switching the flow path by controlling 2, the regeneration process by backwashing each of the filtering means 1A and 1B on the non-water-passing process side of the filtering means 1A and 1B is performed.
この実施例１における前記制御手段７による通水工程と再生工程との制御は、予め記憶した図２，図３に示す制御手順（プログラム）により実行される。 The control of the water flow process and the regeneration process by the control means 7 in the first embodiment is executed by the control procedure (program) shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 stored in advance.
この制御手順の特徴を説明する。前記再生工程は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの性能が再生を必要とする値に低下したときに実行される。すなわち、前記水質検出手段２１の検出値が所定値以上であるとき、前記再生動作が必要であると判断する。 The features of this control procedure will be described. The regeneration step is executed when the performance of each of the filtering means 1A and 1B decreases to a value that requires regeneration. That is, when the detection value of the water quality detection means 21 is a predetermined value or more, it is determined that the regeneration operation is necessary.
また、この制御手順は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの濾材の劣化度を所定時期に判定する劣化度判定機能と、この劣化度判定機能により得られた前記濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの濾材の劣化度同士を比較する比較機能と、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂへの通水を選択する選択機能とを有している。以下、この実施例１では、「選択」を「切り換え」と称する。 Further, this control procedure includes a deterioration degree determination function for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of each of the filtering means 1A and 1B at a predetermined time, and deterioration of the filter medium of the filtration means 1A and 1B obtained by this deterioration degree determination function. A comparison function for comparing degrees and a selection function for selecting water flow to the filtering means 1A, 1B having a smaller degree of deterioration of the filter medium. Hereinafter, in the first embodiment, “selection” is referred to as “switching”.
前記劣化度判定機能は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂによって濾過処理された処理水の濁度を検出する第一水質検出手段（本願発明の検出手段に相当する。）２１により検出される濁度に基づき前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの濾材の劣化度を判定するように構成している。この濾材の劣化度は、所定通水時間（例えば、１時間半程度）に対する水質により判定するように構成している。この第一水質検出手段は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂに共通の検出手段として、前記第二処理水ライン１１に設けている。 The deterioration degree determination function is a turbidity detected by a first water quality detection means (corresponding to a detection means of the present invention) 21 that detects turbidity of treated water filtered by the filtration means 1A and 1B. The degree of deterioration of the filter medium of each of the filtering means 1A and 1B is determined based on the above. The degree of deterioration of the filter medium is determined based on the water quality with respect to a predetermined water passage time (for example, about one and a half hours). The first water quality detection means is provided in the second treated water line 11 as a detection means common to the filtration means 1A and 1B.
そして、前記制御手段７が濾材の劣化度判定のために用いるデータは、再生工程終了後の通水工程初期に（例えば、通水開始から３０分経過してから）前記所定通水時間に前記第一水質検出手段２１により検出されたデータとしている。 The data used by the control means 7 for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is the initial value of the water flow process after the end of the regeneration process (for example, after 30 minutes have passed since the start of water flow). The data is detected by the first water quality detection means 21.
前記第一水質検出手段２１は、第一試料水導入ライン２２を介して前記第二処理水ライン１１と接続されて、処理水の濁度を検出するものであり、たとえば特開２００７−１５５３７２号に記載された光学計測装置を用いる。 The first water quality detection means 21 is connected to the second treated water line 11 via a first sample water introduction line 22 and detects the turbidity of treated water. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-155372 The optical measuring device described in 1 is used.
＜実施例１の動作＞
ここで、この実施例１の動作を説明する。まず、実施例１の濾過システムの基本的な動作を説明する。
<Operation of Example 1>
Here, the operation of the first embodiment will be described. First, the basic operation of the filtration system of Example 1 will be described.
（通水工程の動作）
予め設定された時間になったとき、または前記水位検出手段１７により、前記処理水タンク６内の水位が所定の給水開始水位以下となったことが検出されたとき、前記制御手段７によって、通水工程を開始する。通水工程は、再生工程が終了している系統の濾過手段に切り換えることにより行う。
(Operation of water flow process)
When the preset time is reached or when it is detected by the water level detection means 17 that the water level in the treated water tank 6 is below a predetermined water supply start water level, the control means 7 Start the water process. The water flow process is performed by switching to the filtration means of the system in which the regeneration process has been completed.
前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａにて通水を行うには、前記制御手段７により、前記コントロールバルブ１３Ａを通水位置へ切り換え、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ａを開き、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ｂを閉じ、前記第二ポンプ５を停止して、前記第一ポンプ４を駆動する。すると、前記濾過手段１Ａへ原水を供給し通水が開始される。そして、前記酸化剤添加手段により生じた水酸化第二鉄および前記凝集剤添加手段により生じた凝集物を含む原水が、前記濾過部手段１Ａへ流入すると、前記濾過部１２Ａの濾材（図示省略）によって水酸化第二鉄および凝集物が捕捉されて除去され、この水が第一前記処理水ライン１０Ａへ流出する。前記第一処理水ライン１０Ａへ流出した処理水は、前記処理水タンク６に貯留される。 In order to allow water to flow through the first system filtering means 1A, the control means 7 switches the control valve 13A to the water passing position, opens the water flow switching valve 15A, and closes the water flow switching valve 15B. Then, the second pump 5 is stopped and the first pump 4 is driven. Then, raw water is supplied to the filtering means 1A and water passage is started. Then, when raw water containing ferric hydroxide produced by the oxidant addition means and aggregates produced by the flocculant addition means flows into the filtration part means 1A, the filter medium of the filtration part 12A (not shown) Thus, ferric hydroxide and aggregates are captured and removed, and this water flows out to the first treated water line 10A. The treated water that has flowed out to the first treated water line 10 </ b> A is stored in the treated water tank 6.
前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂの通水工程は、前記コントロールバルブ１３Ｂを通水位置へ切り換え、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ｂを開き、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ａを閉じ、前記第二ポンプ５を停止して、前記第一ポンプ４を駆動することにより、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａと同様に行われる。 In the water flow process of the second system filtration means 1B, the control valve 13B is switched to the water flow position, the water flow switching valve 15B is opened, the water flow switching valve 15A is closed, and the second pump 5 is stopped. Then, by driving the first pump 4, the same operation as the first system filtering means 1A is performed.
（再生工程の動作）
この通水工程時、前記水質検出手段２１によって所定の検出サイクル（たとえば、数時間ごと）で処理水の濁度の検出を行う。前記制御手段７は、前記水質検出手段２１の検出値に基づいて、前記水質検出手段２１の検出値が所定値以上となると、前記再生動作が必要であると判断する。そして、前記制御手段７は、通水工程を行っていない方の前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂに通水を切り換えて前記通水動作を行わせ、通水工程を行っている方の前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂにおいて再生工程を開始する。
(Operation of regeneration process)
During this water flow process, the water quality detection means 21 detects the turbidity of the treated water in a predetermined detection cycle (for example, every several hours). Based on the detection value of the water quality detection means 21, the control means 7 determines that the regeneration operation is necessary when the detection value of the water quality detection means 21 exceeds a predetermined value. Then, the control means 7 switches each of the filtration means 1A and 1B not performing the water flow process to perform the water flow operation by switching the water flow, and each of the filtration means performing the water flow process. The regeneration process is started in the means 1A and 1B.
前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａの再生は、つぎのようにして行われる。前記制御手段７により、前記コントロールバルブ１３Ａを再生位置へ切り換え、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ａ，１５Ｂを閉じ、前記第一ポンプ４を停止して、前記第二ポンプ５を駆動する。これにより、前記第二ポンプ５によって前記処理水タンク６内の処理水が前記濾過手段１Ａの上流側へ供給され、公知の逆洗による前記濾過手段１Ａ再生が行われ、排水は前記排水ライン１４Ａを通して排出される。 The regeneration of the first system filtration means 1A is performed as follows. The control means 7 switches the control valve 13A to the regeneration position, closes the water flow switching valves 15A and 15B, stops the first pump 4, and drives the second pump 5. Thereby, the treated water in the treated water tank 6 is supplied to the upstream side of the filtration means 1A by the second pump 5, the filtration means 1A is regenerated by a known backwash, and the waste water is discharged from the drain line 14A. Discharged through.
前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂの再生は、つぎのようにして行われる。前記制御手段７により、前記コントロールバルブ１３Ｂを再生位置へ切り換え、前記通水切換バルブ１５Ａ，１５Ｂを閉じ、前記第一ポンプ４を停止して、前記第二ポンプ５を駆動することにより、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａの再生動作と同様に行われる。 The regeneration of the second system filtration means 1B is performed as follows. The control means 7 switches the control valve 13B to the regeneration position, closes the water flow switching valves 15A and 15B, stops the first pump 4, and drives the second pump 5, thereby This is performed in the same manner as the regeneration operation of the one-line filtering means 1A.
（濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段を優先して通水する制御）
つぎに、この発明の特徴とする濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段を優先して通水工程を切り換える制御について、図２、図３に基づき説明する。
(Control that gives priority to filtering means with low degree of deterioration of filter media)
Next, control for switching the water flow process with priority given to the filtering means having a low degree of deterioration of the filter medium, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIGS.
図２を参照して、通水工程指示によりＳ１にて第一系統濾過手段１Ａの通水工程が行われているとする。Ｓ２へ移行して、前述の再生工程が必要かどうかの判定を行い、再生工程が必要と判定されると、Ｓ３へ移行して、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａの再生工程を開始すると同時に、前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂへ通水工程の指示を出す。 With reference to FIG. 2, it is assumed that the water flow process of 1 A of 1st system filtration means is performed in S1 by the water flow process instruction | indication. The process proceeds to S2 to determine whether or not the above-described regeneration process is necessary. When it is determined that the regeneration process is necessary, the process proceeds to S3 and simultaneously with the start of the regeneration process of the first system filtering means 1A, An instruction of a water flow process is issued to the second system filtration means 1B.
この第一系統濾過手段１Ａの再生工程が終了すると、Ｓ４へ移行して、運転待機（通水待機と称することができる。）に入る。そして、Ｓ５にて、通水工程開始の指示があるかどうかを判定する。前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂの再生工程要の判定により、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａへ通水工程の指示が出されると、Ｓ５にてＹＥＳが判定され、Ｓ６にて通水工程を開始する。 When the regeneration process of the first system filtering means 1A is completed, the process proceeds to S4 and enters operation standby (which can be referred to as water standby). And in S5, it is determined whether there exists an instruction | indication of a water flow process start. If the instruction of the water flow process is issued to the first system filtration means 1A by determining the necessity of the regeneration process of the second system filtration means 1B, YES is determined in S5, and the water flow process is started in S6. .
この通水工程開始直後にＳ７の処理が行われる。Ｓ７では、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａの濾材の劣化度判定と、この濾材の劣化度判定により得られた第一系統濾過手段１Ａの第一劣化度ＱＡと前記予め記憶している前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂの第二劣化度ＱＢとの比較処理が行われる。 The process of S7 is performed immediately after the start of this water flow process. In S7, the deterioration degree determination of the filter medium of the first system filtration means 1A, the first deterioration degree QA of the first system filtration means 1A obtained by the deterioration degree determination of the filter medium, and the second stored in advance. Comparison processing with the second deterioration degree QB of the system filtering means 1B is performed.
第一系統濾過手段１Ａの第一劣化度ＱＡは、つぎのようにして求められる。まず、所定時期となる，すなわち再生工程終了後の開始から通水工程所定時間（３０分）が経過すると、所定通水時間（１時間半）において前記第一水質検出手段２１により検出された濁度値を平均する。そして、その平均値を前記所定通水時間の通水量で除した値を第一濾過手段性能値ＱＡとし、図示省略の記憶手段に記憶する。 The first deterioration degree QA of the first system filtering means 1A is obtained as follows. First, when the predetermined time is reached, that is, when a predetermined time (30 minutes) has passed since the start of the regeneration process, the turbidity detected by the first water quality detection means 21 during the predetermined water flow time (1 hour and a half). Average the degree values. And the value which remove | divided the average value by the water flow quantity of the said predetermined water flow time is made into the 1st filtration means performance value QA, and is memorize | stored in the memory | storage means abbreviate | omitted illustration.
前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂにおける前記濾材の劣化度判定および比較処理は、前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂにおいても前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａと同様に行われるので、その説明を省略する。 The determination of the degree of deterioration of the filter medium and the comparison process in the second system filtering unit 1B are performed in the second system filtering unit 1B in the same manner as in the first system filtering unit 1A, and thus description thereof is omitted.
Ｓ７において、ＱＡ≦ＱＢのＹＥＳが判定されると、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａの通水工程を継続する。ＮＯが判定されると、Ｓ９へ移行して濾材の劣化度が小さい側の前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂへ通水工程指示を出すとともに、濾材の劣化度が大きい側の前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａに対しては、Ｓ４の待機工程への移行を指示する。 In S7, if YES in QA ≦ QB is determined, the water flow process of the first system filtration means 1A is continued. If NO is determined, the process proceeds to S9 to issue a water flow process instruction to the second system filtration means 1B on the side where the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is small, and the first system filtration means on the side where the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is large 1A is instructed to shift to the standby step of S4.
前記第二系統濾過手段１Ｂにおいても図３に示す制御手順により、前記第一系統濾過手段１Ａと同様に通水工程，再生工程の制御が行われる。図３のＳ１１〜Ｓ１９は、それぞれ図２のＳ１〜Ｓ９に対応して、同じ処理であるので、その説明を省略する。 In the second system filtration means 1B, the water flow process and the regeneration process are controlled in the same manner as the first system filtration means 1A by the control procedure shown in FIG. Since S11 to S19 in FIG. 3 correspond to S1 to S9 in FIG. 2 and are the same processing, description thereof is omitted.
この実施例１においては、前記制御手段７は、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの濾材の劣化度を判定し、判定した前記濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの間で濾材の劣化度を比較して、濾材の劣化度が小さい方の濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂへ通水を切り換える。その結果、濾材の劣化度が小さく濾過性能が高い前記濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂを優先的に使用することになるので、濾材の劣化度を比較することなく、通水を切り換える従来システムと比較して、濾過システム全体の濾過性能を最大化することができる。 In the first embodiment, the control means 7 determines the degree of deterioration of the filtering medium of the filtering means 1A, 1B, compares the degree of deterioration of the filtering medium between the determined filtering means 1A, 1B, and filters the filtering medium. The water flow is switched to the filtering means 1A, 1B having the smaller degree of deterioration. As a result, the filter means 1A and 1B having a low degree of deterioration of the filter medium and high filtration performance are preferentially used. Therefore, compared with a conventional system that switches water flow without comparing the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. The filtration performance of the entire filtration system can be maximized.
また、再生工程後の通水工程時に、濾材の劣化度を比較して、濾材の劣化度が小さい濾過手段を優先して使用するようにしているので、単に再生工程終了の濾過手段を優先して使用するものと比較して、濾過システム全体の濾過性能より高いものとすることができる。 In addition, during the water flow process after the regeneration process, the filter medium is compared with the degree of deterioration, and the filter means with a low degree of filter medium deterioration is given priority, so the filter means at the end of the regeneration process is given priority. The filtration performance of the entire filtration system can be higher than that of the filtration system used.
さらに、再生工程終了後の通水工程初期に、前記第一水質検出手段２１の再生工程終了後の通水工程初期に得た検出値に基づき濾材の劣化度を判定し、濾材の劣化度を比較するようにしているので、比較的正確に濾材の劣化度を判定でき、濾材の劣化度が小さい濾過性能の高い濾過手段への切り換えを確実に行うことができる。 Furthermore, at the initial stage of the water flow process after the completion of the regeneration process, the deterioration degree of the filter medium is determined based on the detection value obtained at the initial stage of the water flow process after the completion of the regeneration process of the first water quality detection means 21, and the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is determined. Since the comparison is made, the degree of deterioration of the filter medium can be determined relatively accurately, and switching to a filtering means having a low degree of deterioration of the filter medium and high filtration performance can be performed reliably.
この発明は、前記実施例１に限定されるものではなく、つぎの実施例２を含むものである。この実施例２は、前記実施例１の第一水質検出手段２１を第二水質検出手段２３に代えたもので、その他の構成は、前記実施例１と同様であり、前記実施例１の図２，３に示す制御手順で制御される。以下に、同実施例２を図４に基づき説明する。以下の説明では、前記実施例１と異なる構成を中心に説明し、前記実施例１と同じ構成についてはその説明を省略する。 The present invention is not limited to the first embodiment, but includes the following second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the first water quality detection means 21 of the first embodiment is replaced with the second water quality detection means 23, and other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. It is controlled by the control procedure shown in 2 and 3. Hereinafter, Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, the configuration different from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
前記第二水質検出手段２３は、前記第一試料水導入ライン２２を介して前記第二処理水ライン１１と接続され、第三試料水導入ライン２４を介して前記第一原水ライン８と接続されて、被処理水の水質および処理水の水質を濾材の劣化度を判定のための前記データとして検出する。この第二水質検出手段２３としては、濁度センサとしている。その他の構成は、前記実施例１と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。 The second water quality detection means 23 is connected to the second treated water line 11 via the first sample water introduction line 22 and is connected to the first raw water line 8 via a third sample water introduction line 24. Thus, the quality of the water to be treated and the quality of the treated water are detected as the data for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium. The second water quality detection means 23 is a turbidity sensor. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
この実施例２においては、前記制御手段７は、再生工程終了後の通水工程初期における所定通水時間に対する被処理水の濁度と処理水濁度との差を演算（前記差を通水時間で割る）して、濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、前記濁度の差が小さいほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。この実施例２のその他の動作は、前記実施例１と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。 In the second embodiment, the control means 7 calculates the difference between the turbidity of the water to be treated and the turbidity of the treated water with respect to a predetermined water passing time at the beginning of the water passing process after the regeneration process (the difference passing through Divide by time) to determine the degree of deterioration of the filter media. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium is larger as the difference in turbidity is smaller. Since other operations of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
この発明は、前記実施例１，２に限定されるものではなく、つぎの実施例３においても実施される。この実施例３は、この発明の検出手段として、前記実施例１の第一水質検出手段２１を差圧検出手段２５に代えたもので、その他の構成は、前記実施例１と同様であり、前記実施例１の図２，３に示す制御手順で制御される。以下に、同実施例３を図５に基づき説明する。以下の説明では、前記実施例１と異なる構成を中心に説明し、前記実施例１と同じ構成についてはその説明を省略する。 The present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and is also implemented in the following third embodiment. In this third embodiment, the first water quality detection means 21 of the first embodiment is replaced with a differential pressure detection means 25 as the detection means of the present invention, and other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment. controlled by the control procedure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 of example 1. Hereinafter, Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, the configuration different from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
前記差圧検出手段２５は、前記第三試料水導入ライン２６を介して前記第二処理水ライン１１と接続され、第四試料水導入ライン２７を介して前記第一原水ライン８と接続されて、前記各濾過手段１Ａ，１Ｂの入口側（流入側）圧力と出口側（流出側）圧力との差圧を前記データとして検出する。その他の構成は、前記実施例１と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。 The differential pressure detection means 25 is connected to the second treated water line 11 via the third sample water introduction line 26 and is connected to the first raw water line 8 via a fourth sample water introduction line 27. The differential pressure between the inlet side (inflow side) pressure and the outlet side (outflow side) pressure of each of the filtering means 1A, 1B is detected as the data. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
この実施例３においては、前記制御手段７は、再生工程終了後の通水工程初期における所定通水時間に対する前記差圧に基づき、濾材の劣化度を判定する。この場合、前記差圧が大きいほど濾材の劣化度が大きいと判定する。この実施例３のその他の動作は、前記実施例１と同様であるので、その説明を省略する。 In the third embodiment, the control means 7 determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the differential pressure with respect to a predetermined water passing time at the beginning of the water passing process after the regeneration process. In this case, it is determined that the degree of deterioration of the filter medium increases as the differential pressure increases. Since other operations of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
この発明は、図６および図７の処理手順を実行する実施例４を含む。この処理手順は、前記実施例１〜３の濾過システムにおいて実行され、前記濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が所定値を超えると、当該濾過手段への通水を停止することを特徴とするものである。 The present invention includes a fourth embodiment that executes the processing procedures of FIGS. 6 and 7. This processing procedure is executed in the filtration system of the first to third embodiments, and when the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of the filtration means exceeds a predetermined value, the water flow to the filtration means is stopped. is there.
以下に、この実施例４について、前記実施例１と異なる部分を中心に説明し、同じ構成は、同じ符号を付して省略する。 Hereinafter, the fourth embodiment will be described with a focus on the differences from the first embodiment, and the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals and omitted.
図６において、図２と異なるのは、Ｓ６とＳ７との間に、前記濾過手段１２Ａの濾材の第一劣化度ＱＡが所定値以上かどうかを判定する処理Ｓ２０を加えた点である。このＳ２０で、所定値以上が判定されると、Ｓ９へ移行して、前記濾過手段１２Ａの通水を停止して待機させるとともに、前記濾過手段１２Ｂの通水工程を開始する。Ｓ２０で、ＮＯが判定されると、処理がＳ７へ移行する。 6 differs from FIG. 2 in that processing S20 for determining whether or not the first deterioration degree QA of the filter medium of the filtering means 12A is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is added between S6 and S7. If it is determined in S20 that the value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to S9 to stop the water flow of the filtering means 12A and wait, and to start the water flow process of the filtering means 12B. If NO is determined in S20, the process proceeds to S7.
また、図７において、図３と異なるのは、Ｓ１６とＳ１７との間に、前記濾過手段１２Ｂの濾材の第二劣化度ＱＢが所定値以上かどうかを判定する処理Ｓ２１を加えた点である。このＳ２１で、所定値以上が判定されると、Ｓ１９へ移行して、前記濾過手段１２Ｂの通水を停止して待機させるとともに、前記濾過手段１２Ａの通水工程を開始する。Ｓ２１で、ＮＯが判定されると、処理がＳ１７へ移行する。 7 is different from FIG. 3 in that processing S21 for determining whether the second deterioration degree QB of the filter medium of the filtering means 12B is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is added between S16 and S17. . If it is determined in S21 that the value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to S19, where the water passing through the filtering unit 12B is stopped and waited, and the water passing step of the filtering unit 12A is started. If NO is determined in S21, the process proceeds to S17.
この実施例５によれば、処理水の水質低下を抑制することができ、所定値以上の濾過水質の処理水を供給することができる。 According to the fifth embodiment, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the quality of treated water, and it is possible to supply treated water having a filtered water quality of a predetermined value or more.
さらに、この発明は、前記実施例１〜３では、処理水を用いた逆洗により濾材の再生を行うように構成しているが、これに限定されるものではなく、原水（被処理水）を用いた逆洗により再生を行うように構成することができる。 Further, in the first to third embodiments, the present invention is configured to regenerate the filter medium by backwashing with treated water, but is not limited thereto, and raw water (treated water) It can comprise so that reproduction | regeneration may be performed by backwashing using.
１Ａ，１Ｂ 濾過手段
２ 再生手段
７ 制御手段
２１ 第一水質検出手段
２３ 第二水質検出手段
２５ 差圧検出手段
1A, 1B Filtration means 2 Regeneration means 7 Control means 21 First water quality detection means 23 Second water quality detection means 25 Differential pressure detection means
Claims (7)
前記各濾過手段の再生を行う再生手段と、
前記各濾過手段について、再生しても回復しない性能低下の原因となる濾材の劣化度を判定するためのデータを検出する検出手段を備え、
前記制御手段は、ある濾過手段の再生工程を行うとともに、他の濾過手段にて通水工程を行うように通水を切り換え、
ある濾過手段の再生工程終了後の通水工程初期における所定通水時間に対する前記検出データに基づき判定された当該濾過手段の濾材の劣化度と他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度とを比較し、ある濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度より大きいとき、他の濾過手段のうち最も濾材の劣化度の小さい濾過手段へ通水を切り換えるとともに、ある濾過手段の濾材の劣化度が他の濾過手段の濾材の劣化度より小さいとき、当該濾過手段の通水を継続する
ことを特徴とする濾過システム。 A filtration system comprising a plurality of filtration means for removing treated impurities by removing impurities contained in raw water and a control means for performing filtration treatment by selecting water flow to each filtration means,
Regenerating means for regenerating each of the filtering means;
For each of the filtration means , comprising a detection means for detecting data for determining the degree of deterioration of the filter medium that causes the performance degradation that does not recover even after regeneration ,
The control means performs a regeneration process of a certain filtration means, and switches the water flow so as to perform a water flow process in another filtration means,
Comparing the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of the filtration means determined based on the detection data with respect to the predetermined water passage time at the beginning of the water passage process after the completion of the regeneration process of a certain filtration means, and the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of other filtration means, When the degree of deterioration of the filtering medium of a certain filtering means is greater than the degree of deterioration of the filtering medium of another filtering means, the water is switched to the filtering means having the smallest degree of deterioration of the filtering medium among the other filtering means, and A filtration system characterized in that when the degree of deterioration is smaller than the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of another filtering means, the water passing through the filtering means is continued .
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の濾過システム。 2. The filtration system according to claim 1 , wherein when the degree of deterioration of the filter medium of the filtration unit exceeds a predetermined value, the control unit stops water flow to the filtration unit.
前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する処理水の濁度により濾材の劣化度を判定するThe control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the turbidity of treated water for a predetermined water passage time.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の濾過システム。The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する処理水の鉄濃度により濾材の劣化度を判定するThe control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the iron concentration of the treated water for a predetermined water passage time.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の濾過システム。The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する原水の濁度と処理水の濁度との差、またはこの差を原水の濁度で除した除去率により濾材の劣化度を判定するThe control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the difference between the turbidity of the raw water and the turbidity of the treated water with respect to a predetermined flow time, or the removal rate obtained by dividing this difference by the turbidity of the raw water.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の濾過システム。The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する原水の鉄濃度と処理水の鉄濃度との差、またはこの差を原水の鉄濃度で除した除去率により濾材の劣化度を判定するThe control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on a difference between the iron concentration of the raw water and the iron concentration of the treated water with respect to a predetermined passing time, or a removal rate obtained by dividing this difference by the iron concentration of the raw water.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の濾過システム。The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
前記制御手段は、所定通水時間に対する前記差圧により濾材の劣化度を判定するThe control means determines the degree of deterioration of the filter medium based on the differential pressure with respect to a predetermined water passage time.
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の濾過システム。The filtration system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
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