JP5332196B2 - Microbial power generation method and microbial power generation apparatus - Google Patents

Microbial power generation method and microbial power generation apparatus Download PDF

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JP5332196B2
JP5332196B2 JP2007329776A JP2007329776A JP5332196B2 JP 5332196 B2 JP5332196 B2 JP 5332196B2 JP 2007329776 A JP2007329776 A JP 2007329776A JP 2007329776 A JP2007329776 A JP 2007329776A JP 5332196 B2 JP5332196 B2 JP 5332196B2
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JP2009152097A (en
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哲朗 深瀬
信博 織田
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance power generation efficiency of microbiological power generation. <P>SOLUTION: In a microbiological power generation device 1 in which an organic substance as an electron donor undergoes an oxidative degradation by a microbiological reaction, a pH of liquid in an anode chamber 11 is kept 7 or higher and 9 or lower. In the anode chamber 11, there is arranged a conductor 21 functioning as an anode, and the microorganism is held on a surface of the conductor 21 and the oxidative degradation is conducted by the microbiological reaction to extract electrons. The anode chamber 11 is divided into a plurality of sub-chambers and a drop of the pH may be controlled by reducing a degrading volume of the organic substance in each of the sub-chambers. When the anode chamber 11 is divided, it is recommendable that the pH of the liquid flowing out from each of the sub-chambers is adjusted and sent to a sub-chamber on a subsequent side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、微生物の代謝反応を利用する発電方法および装置に関する。本発明は特に、有機物を微生物に酸化分解させる際に得られる還元力を電気エネルギーとして取り出す微生物発電方法およびその装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power generation method and apparatus using a metabolic reaction of microorganisms. In particular, the present invention relates to a microbial power generation method and apparatus for taking out the reducing power obtained when an organic substance is oxidatively decomposed into microorganisms as electric energy.

近年、地球環境に配慮した発電方法へのニーズが高まり、微生物発電の技術開発も進められている。微生物発電は、微生物が有機物を資化する際に得られる電気エネルギーを取り出すことにより発電する方法である。   In recent years, the need for a power generation method in consideration of the global environment has increased, and technological development of microbial power generation has been promoted. Microbial power generation is a method of generating electricity by taking out electrical energy obtained when microorganisms assimilate organic matter.

一般的に、微生物発電では負極が配置されたアノード室内に、微生物、微生物に資化される有機物、および電子伝達媒体（電子メディエータ）を共存させる。電子メディエータは微生物体内に入り、微生物が有機物を酸化して発生する電子を受け取って負極に渡す。負極は正極と電気的に導通されており、負極に渡された電子は正極に移動して、正極と接する電子受容体に渡される。このような電子の移動により正極と負極との間に電流が生じ、電気エネルギーが得られる。   In general, in microbial power generation, microorganisms, organic substances assimilated by microorganisms, and electron transfer media (electron mediators) coexist in an anode chamber in which a negative electrode is arranged. The electron mediator enters the microorganism, receives the electrons generated by the microorganisms oxidizing the organic matter, and passes them to the negative electrode. The negative electrode is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the electrons transferred to the negative electrode move to the positive electrode and are transferred to the electron acceptor in contact with the positive electrode. By such movement of electrons, a current is generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and electric energy is obtained.

微生物発電では、電子メディエータが微生物体から直接、電子を取り出すため、理論上のエネルギー変換効率は高い。しかし、実際のエネルギー変換効率は低く、発電効率の向上が求められている。そこで、発電効率を高めるため、電極の材料や構造、電子メディエータの種類、および微生物種の選択等について様々な検討および開発が行われている（例えば特許文献１、特許文献２）。   In microbial power generation, the electron mediator takes out electrons directly from the microbial body, so the theoretical energy conversion efficiency is high. However, actual energy conversion efficiency is low, and improvement in power generation efficiency is required. Therefore, various studies and developments have been made on electrode materials and structures, types of electron mediators, selection of microbial species, and the like in order to increase power generation efficiency (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

また、非特許文献１には高濃度のリン酸バッファを添加した液をアノード室に供給する微生物発電方法が開示されている。   Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a microbial power generation method in which a liquid to which a high-concentration phosphate buffer is added is supplied to the anode chamber.

特開２０００−１３３３２６号公報JP 2000-133326 A 特開２００４−３４２４１２号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-342412 P. Aelterman er al.,2006 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY vol.40, No.10 3388-3394P. Aelterman er al., 2006 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY vol.40, No.10 3388-3394

上述した通り、微生物発電の発電効率を向上させるために様々な要素について検討が行われているが、発電効率に影響を与える要素については未解明な点も多い。非特許文献１では、アノード室に供給される液に高濃度のリン酸バッファを添加することで、アノード室内での反応に伴うｐＨ変化を最小限に抑制することを意図する。しかし、本発明者らが検討したところ、発電効率が高くなるとアノード室でのｐＨ低下が著しくなり、発電効率が低下することが判明した。このため、高い発電効率を得ようとする場合、バッファの添加量が少なければｐＨ変化を抑制しきれず発電効率の低下を招く一方、バッファによりｐＨの変化を抑制しようとすると多量のバッファの添加が必要で高コストとなり実用的でないことが判明した。   As described above, various factors have been studied in order to improve the power generation efficiency of microbial power generation, but there are many unclear points regarding factors that affect power generation efficiency. In Non-Patent Document 1, it is intended to suppress the pH change accompanying the reaction in the anode chamber to a minimum by adding a high-concentration phosphate buffer to the liquid supplied to the anode chamber. However, as a result of studies by the present inventors, it has been found that when the power generation efficiency is increased, the pH in the anode chamber is remarkably lowered and the power generation efficiency is decreased. For this reason, when trying to obtain high power generation efficiency, if the addition amount of the buffer is small, the pH change cannot be suppressed and the power generation efficiency is reduced. On the other hand, if the buffer is used to suppress the pH change, a large amount of buffer is added. It was found that it was necessary, expensive and impractical.

本発明者らは、アノード室内でのｐＨ低下が微生物反応に伴う炭酸ガスの発生に起因しており、ｐＨを所定範囲に維持することで微生物発電の発電効率を高くできることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。具体的には、本発明は以下を提供する。   The present inventors have found that the pH drop in the anode chamber is caused by the generation of carbon dioxide gas accompanying the microbial reaction, and that the power generation efficiency of microbial power generation can be increased by maintaining the pH within a predetermined range. Completed. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.

（１）微生物および電子供与体を含む液を保持する２以上の互いに直列接続された分室からなり有機物を含む原液が流入口から流入して前記各分室を順次流れるアノード室において前記微生物の生物反応により前記電子供与体から電子を取り出し、前記アノード室に配置された負極から、前記負極と電気的に接続された正極に接する電子受容体に前記電子を供与して発電する微生物発電方法であって、
直列接続された一対の前記分室の一方であって前記原液の前記流入口に近い前段分室に流入する液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整し、
前記前段分室から流出する液のｐＨを上げた後、一対の前記分室の他方である後段分室に供給することで、アノード室内の前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下にする微生物発電方法。
（２）前記アノード室内の液または／および前記アノード室から流出する流出液のｐＨを測定して、前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整する（１）に記載の微生物発電方法。
（３）前記前段分室から流出する液を脱気するまたは／および前記液にアルカリを添加することによりｐＨを上げる（１）または（２）に記載の微生物発電方法。
（４）微生物および電子供与体を含む液を保持し負極が配置されたアノード室と、前記負極と電気的に接続された正極と、を含み、前記微生物の生物反応により前記電子供与体から取り出された電子を、前記負極から前記正極に送り発電する微生物発電装置であって、
前記アノード室は、原液が流入する流入口と、前記流入口から流入した原液が順次流れる２以上の互いに直列接続された分室を有し、
直列接続された一対の前記分室の一方であって前記原液の前記流入口に近い前段分室に流入する前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整することで、アノード室内の前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下にするｐＨ調整手段をさらに含み、
前記分室はそれぞれ、当該分室から流出する液のｐＨが７以上となる大きさに設定されている微生物発電装置。 (1) Biological reaction of the microorganisms in the anode chamber, which is composed of two or more compartments connected in series, each holding a liquid containing a microorganism and an electron donor, and in which an undiluted solution containing an organic substance flows in from the inlet and flows through the compartments sequentially. A method of generating electricity by extracting electrons from the electron donor according to the method, and generating electricity by donating the electrons from a negative electrode disposed in the anode chamber to an electron acceptor in contact with a positive electrode electrically connected to the negative electrode. ,
Adjusting the pH of the liquid flowing into the preceding compartment, which is one of the pair of compartments connected in series and close to the inlet of the stock solution, to 7 or more and 9 or less;
A microbial power generation method in which the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber is set to 7 or more and 9 or less by increasing the pH of the liquid flowing out from the preceding compartment and then supplying the latter to the latter compartment which is the other of the pair of compartments.
(2) The microbial power generation method according to (1), wherein the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber and / or the effluent flowing out of the anode chamber is measured, and the pH of the liquid is adjusted to 7 or more and 9 or less.
(3) The microbial power generation method according to (1) or (2), wherein the liquid flowing out from the preceding compartment is degassed and / or the pH is increased by adding an alkali to the liquid.
(4) An anode chamber holding a liquid containing microorganisms and an electron donor and having a negative electrode disposed thereon, and a positive electrode electrically connected to the negative electrode, and taken out from the electron donor by a biological reaction of the microorganisms A microbial power generation device that generates electricity by sending the generated electrons from the negative electrode to the positive electrode,
The anode chamber has an inlet into which the stock solution flows, and two or more compartments connected in series with each other through which the stock solution introduced from the inlet flows sequentially,
The pH of the liquid in the anode chamber is adjusted to 7 or more and 9 or less by adjusting the pH of the liquid flowing into the previous-stage compartment close to the inlet of the stock solution in one of the pair of compartments connected in series. Further comprising pH adjusting means for adjusting to 9 or less ,
Each of the compartments is a microbial power generation apparatus in which the pH of the liquid flowing out from the compartment is set to a size of 7 or more.

本発明によれば、微生物発電の発電効率を高くすることができる。   According to the present invention, the power generation efficiency of microbial power generation can be increased.

以下、図面を参照して本発明について詳細に説明する。以下の図において、同一部材には同一符号を付し、説明を省略または簡略化する。図面は発明の構成を模式的に示すものであり、構成の一部を省略または簡略化しており、寸法も実際の装置とは必ずしも同一ではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified. The drawings schematically show the configuration of the invention, a part of the configuration is omitted or simplified, and the dimensions are not necessarily the same as the actual apparatus.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る微生物発電装置１の概要を示す斜視図である。図２は発電装置１のＸ−Ｘ線での切断面模式図、図３はＹ−Ｙ線での切断面模式図である。発電装置１は、２つのアノード室１１の間に１つのカソード室１２を配置した構成とされている。アノード室１１とカソード室１２の間には、非導電膜１５が配置されている。   FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outline of a microbial power generation apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line XX of the power generation apparatus 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y. The power generation apparatus 1 is configured such that one cathode chamber 12 is disposed between two anode chambers 11. A non-conductive film 15 is disposed between the anode chamber 11 and the cathode chamber 12.

非導電膜１５としては、プロトン選択性の高いカチオン透過膜を好適に使用でき、例えばデュポン株式会社製ナフィオン（登録商標）等が使用できる。非導電膜１５は、薄くて丈夫であることが好ましい。   As the non-conductive film 15, a cation permeable membrane with high proton selectivity can be suitably used. For example, Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. can be used. The non-conductive film 15 is preferably thin and strong.

本実施形態では２つのアノード室１１はそれぞれ３分割され、第１アノード分室１１Ａ、第２アノード分室１１Ｂ、および第３アノード分室１１Ｃを有する略直方体状である。第１アノード分室１１Ａ、第２アノード分室１１Ｂ、および第３アノード分室１１Ｃはこの順に直列接続されている。各アノード分室１１Ａ〜Ｃはそれぞれ略直方体状であり、対向する一対の壁面の一方に流入口１１１を有し、他方に流出口１１２を有する。隣接する一対のアノード分室の前段側の分室の流出口は、後段側の分室の流入口を兼ねている。具体的にはここでは、第１アノード分室１１Ａの流出口は第２アノード分室１１Ｂの流入口を兼ね、第２アノード分室１１Ｂの流出口は第３アノード分室１１Ｃの流入口を兼ねている。   In the present embodiment, each of the two anode chambers 11 is divided into three, and has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape having a first anode compartment 11A, a second anode compartment 11B, and a third anode compartment 11C. The first anode compartment 11A, the second anode compartment 11B, and the third anode compartment 11C are connected in series in this order. Each of the anode compartments 11 </ b> A to 11 </ b> C has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and has an inlet 111 on one of a pair of opposing wall surfaces and an outlet 112 on the other. The outlet of the upstream side compartment of a pair of adjacent anode compartments also serves as the inlet of the downstream side compartment. Specifically, here, the outlet of the first anode compartment 11A also serves as the inlet of the second anode compartment 11B, and the outlet of the second anode compartment 11B also serves as the inlet of the third anode compartment 11C.

各アノード分室１１Ａ〜Ｃ内には導電体２１が充填され、導電体２１表面には従属栄養微生物が保持されている。アノード室１１には、電子供与体として微生物により酸化分解され電子が取り出される有機物（例えば酢酸）を含む液が原液として供給される。原液は、第１アノード分室１１Ａの流入口１１１を流入口としてアノード室１１内に供給される。アノード室１１内の液は、第３アノード分室１１Ｃの流出口１１２を流出口としてアノード室１１から排出される。   Each anode compartment 11 </ b> A to 11 </ b> C is filled with a conductor 21, and heterotrophic microorganisms are held on the surface of the conductor 21. A liquid containing an organic substance (for example, acetic acid) that is oxidatively decomposed by a microorganism and taken out of electrons as an electron donor is supplied to the anode chamber 11 as a stock solution. The stock solution is supplied into the anode chamber 11 using the inlet 111 of the first anode compartment 11A as an inlet. The liquid in the anode chamber 11 is discharged from the anode chamber 11 using the outlet 112 of the third anode compartment 11C as an outlet.

微生物および有機物は特に限定されない。アノード室１１内での微生物反応は嫌気的条件で行うが、アノード室１１に保持される微生物種は特に限定されない。アノード室１１には、下水等の有機物含有水を処理する生物処理槽から得られる活性汚泥、下水の最初沈澱池からの流出水に含まれる微生物、嫌気性消化汚泥等を植種として供給し、微生物を保持させることができる。また、発電効率を高くするためには、アノード室１１内に保持される微生物量は高濃度であることが好ましく、例えば微生物濃度は１ｇ／Ｌ以上であることが好ましい。さらに、アノード室１１での微生物反応により酸化分解される電子供与体（有機物）もある程度、濃度が高い方が発電効率を高くできるため、アノード室１１に供給する流入液の有機物濃度は１００〜１０，０００ｍｇ／Ｌ程度が好ましい。   Microorganisms and organic substances are not particularly limited. Although the microbial reaction in the anode chamber 11 is performed under anaerobic conditions, the microbial species held in the anode chamber 11 is not particularly limited. The anode chamber 11 is supplied with activated sludge obtained from a biological treatment tank for treating organic matter-containing water such as sewage, microorganisms contained in the effluent from the first sedimentation basin of sewage, anaerobic digested sludge, etc. as planting, Microorganisms can be retained. In order to increase the power generation efficiency, the amount of microorganisms retained in the anode chamber 11 is preferably high, and for example, the microorganism concentration is preferably 1 g / L or more. Furthermore, since the electron donor (organic substance) that is oxidatively decomposed by the microbial reaction in the anode chamber 11 can also increase the power generation efficiency when the concentration is higher to some extent, the organic matter concentration of the influent supplied to the anode chamber 11 is 100 to 10. About 1,000 mg / L is preferred.

有機物は、微生物により酸化され、その際に発生する電子は導電体２１を負極としてアノード室１１外へ取り出される。導電体２１は負極として機能するよう、導電性の炭素材（例えばグラファイト）で構成されている。導電体２１は、多くの微生物を保持できるよう、表面積が大きく空隙が多く形成され通水性を有する多孔体が好ましい。具体的には、少なくとも表面が粗とされた導電性物質のシート、および導電性物質をフェルト状その他の多孔性シートにした多孔性導電体（例えばグラファイトフェルト、発泡チタン、発泡ステンレス等）が挙げられる。複数のシート状導電体を積層して負極用の導電体２１とする場合、同種の導電体シートを積層してもよく、異なる種類の導電体シート同士（例えばグラファイトフェルトと粗面を有するグラファイトシート）を積層してもよい。負極用の導電体２１は全体の厚さが３ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下、特に５〜２０ｍｍ程度で、であることが好ましい。   The organic matter is oxidized by microorganisms, and electrons generated at that time are taken out of the anode chamber 11 using the conductor 21 as a negative electrode. The conductor 21 is made of a conductive carbon material (for example, graphite) so as to function as a negative electrode. The conductor 21 is preferably a porous body having a large surface area, a large number of voids, and water permeability so that a large number of microorganisms can be retained. Specific examples include a sheet of a conductive material having at least a rough surface, and a porous conductor (for example, graphite felt, expanded titanium, expanded stainless steel, etc.) in which the conductive material is a felt-like porous sheet. It is done. When laminating a plurality of sheet-like conductors to form a negative electrode conductor 21, the same kind of conductor sheets may be laminated, and different kinds of conductor sheets (for example, graphite felt and a graphite sheet having a rough surface). ) May be laminated. The negative electrode conductor 21 preferably has a total thickness of 3 mm to 40 mm, particularly about 5 to 20 mm.

本実施形態では図２に示すように厚さ１ｃｍのグラファイトフェルト４枚を導電性ペーストで張り合わせて負極として機能する導電体２１とする。各アノード室１１には、この導電体２１が一つずつ配置されている。導電体２１を構成する４枚のグラファイトフェルト２１Ａ〜Ｄは、流入口と流出口とが設けられた一対の壁面に対して並列に並んで壁面と直交するように配置されている。よって、流入口から供給された液は、各グラファイトフェルトの表面を伝うように向かい合うグラファイトフェルト同士の間を流れる。各グラファイトフェルト２１Ａ〜Ｄ表面には、微生物が保持されている。微生物は、各アノード分室１１Ａ〜Ｃにおいて、流入口から供給され流出口から流出する液中に含まれる有機物を電子供与体とする微生物反応を担う。   In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, four graphite felts having a thickness of 1 cm are laminated with a conductive paste to form a conductor 21 that functions as a negative electrode. One conductor 21 is disposed in each anode chamber 11. The four graphite felts 21 </ b> A to 21 </ b> D constituting the conductor 21 are arranged in parallel to a pair of wall surfaces provided with an inflow port and an outflow port so as to be orthogonal to the wall surface. Therefore, the liquid supplied from the inflow port flows between the graphite felts facing each other so as to travel along the surface of each graphite felt. Microorganisms are held on the surfaces of the graphite felts 21A to 21D. In each of the anode compartments 11A to 11C, the microorganisms carry out a microbial reaction using an organic substance contained in a liquid supplied from the inlet and flowing out from the outlet as an electron donor.

微生物による有機物の酸化分解により得られた電子を取り出すため、各グラファイトフェルト２１Ａ〜２１Ｄには、アノード引き出し線２３が接続されている。アノード引き出し線２３は、金属線等の導電性材料で構成される。各アノード分室１１Ａ〜Ｃの導電体に接続されたアノード引き出し線同士は１本の導通線１７に接続されている。   An anode lead wire 23 is connected to each of the graphite felts 21 </ b> A to 21 </ b> D in order to take out electrons obtained by oxidative decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. The anode lead wire 23 is made of a conductive material such as a metal wire. The anode lead wires connected to the conductors of the respective anode compartments 11 </ b> A to 11 </ b> C are connected to one conductive line 17.

導通線１７は、カソード室１２に設けられ正極として機能する導電体２２と接続され、負極と正極とが導通される。正極として用いられる導電体２２は、電子受容体の種類によって適宜、選択すればよい。例えば、酸素を電子受容体とする場合は白金を用いることが好ましく、例えばグラファイトフェルトを基材として白金を坦持させて導電体２２とできる。電子受容体とする物質の種類によっては安価なグラファイト電極をそのまま（つまり、白金を担持させずに）正極として使用してもよい。導電体２２にはカソード引き出し線２４が接続され、カソード引き出し線２４は導通線１７に接続されている   The conductive line 17 is connected to a conductor 22 provided in the cathode chamber 12 and functioning as a positive electrode, and the negative electrode and the positive electrode are electrically connected. What is necessary is just to select the conductor 22 used as a positive electrode suitably according to the kind of electron acceptor. For example, when oxygen is used as an electron acceptor, it is preferable to use platinum. For example, the conductor 22 can be formed by supporting platinum using a graphite felt as a base material. Depending on the type of substance used as the electron acceptor, an inexpensive graphite electrode may be used as it is (that is, without supporting platinum) as the positive electrode. A cathode lead line 24 is connected to the conductor 22, and the cathode lead line 24 is connected to the conduction line 17.

ここでは、カソード室１２には電子受容体としてヘキサシアノ酸鉄（ＩＩ）カリウム（フェリシアン化カリウム）を含む液（正極溶液）を供給することとし、正極として機能する導電体２２として、グラファイトフェルトを使用している。電子受容体としては他にマンガン、鉄、および硝酸等を用いてもよく、この場合もカソードとしてはグラファイトフェルトのような多孔性のグラファイトを使用するとよい。   Here, the cathode chamber 12 is supplied with a liquid (positive electrode solution) containing iron (II) potassium hexacyanoate (potassium ferricyanide) as an electron acceptor, and graphite felt is used as the conductor 22 that functions as the positive electrode. ing. In addition, manganese, iron, nitric acid, or the like may be used as the electron acceptor. In this case as well, porous graphite such as graphite felt may be used as the cathode.

非導電膜１５を介してアノード室１１からＨ＋を移動させてカソード室１２で還元する場合、カソード室１２内の導電体２２が非導電膜１５とできるだけ、密に接していることが好ましい。そこで、両者をスペーサで挟んで密着させてもよく、溶着や接着剤等を用いて接着してもよい。カソード室１２での還元反応は、微生物反応を利用して行ってもよいが、微生物を利用しない場合は、カソード室１２に微生物を保持する必要がない。このため、カソード室１２内の導電体２２と非導電膜１５とを密着させることで、アノード室１１からのＨ＋の移動とカソード室１２での還元を促進できる。 When H + is moved from the anode chamber 11 through the non-conductive film 15 and reduced in the cathode chamber 12, the conductor 22 in the cathode chamber 12 is preferably in close contact with the non-conductive film 15 as much as possible. Therefore, the two may be put in close contact with a spacer, or may be bonded using welding or an adhesive. The reduction reaction in the cathode chamber 12 may be performed using a microbial reaction. However, if no microorganism is used, it is not necessary to hold the microorganism in the cathode chamber 12. For this reason, by bringing the conductor 22 in the cathode chamber 12 and the non-conductive film 15 into close contact with each other, the movement of H + from the anode chamber 11 and the reduction in the cathode chamber 12 can be promoted.

一方、アノード室１１の導電体２１は表面に微生物を保持し、非導電膜１５と導電体２１との間にも微生物を存在させるため、接着は避ける方が好ましい。しかし、非導電膜１５と導電体２１との間は導電体２１表面に付着した微生物を挟んでできるだけ密に接触するように配置することが好ましい。例えば、両者を締付け部材で挟んだりスペーサを挿入したりして、軽い（０．１〜１００ｇ／ｃｍ２程度、好ましくは０．１〜１０ｇ／ｃｍ２程度の）圧力がかかった状態で両者の全面が互いに接触するようにし、非導電膜１５と導電体２１との間に１〜２層の微生物層が形成されるようにするとよい。このとき、導電体２１として多孔性で通水可能な材料を用いることで、導電体（アノード）を通って微生物層に有機物が供給されるようにするとよい。このように、表面積が大きい導電体２１と非導電膜１５とを軽い圧力下で接触させて微生物層を両者間に形成させて微生物反応を行わせるようにすれば、微生物は電子を直接、負極に渡すと推定され、電子メディエータを不要とすることができる。 On the other hand, the conductor 21 in the anode chamber 11 retains microorganisms on the surface, and microorganisms are also present between the non-conductive film 15 and the conductor 21, so it is preferable to avoid adhesion. However, it is preferable that the non-conductive film 15 and the conductor 21 are arranged so as to be in close contact as much as possible with the microorganisms attached to the surface of the conductor 21 interposed therebetween. For example, both of them are sandwiched between fastening members or a spacer is inserted, and a light pressure (about 0.1 to 100 g / cm 2 , preferably about 0.1 to 10 g / cm 2 ) is applied between the two. It is preferable that the entire surface be in contact with each other so that one to two microbial layers are formed between the non-conductive film 15 and the conductor 21. At this time, it is preferable that an organic substance is supplied to the microorganism layer through the conductor (anode) by using a porous and water-permeable material as the conductor 21. As described above, when the conductor 21 having a large surface area and the non-conductive film 15 are brought into contact with each other under a light pressure to form a microbial layer between them to cause a microbial reaction, the microorganism directly transmits electrons to the negative electrode. It is estimated that the electronic mediator is unnecessary.

本発明では、上記のような発電装置１を用い、アノード室１１で微生物により有機物を酸化分解させる際、アノード室１１内の液のｐＨが７以上９以下に維持されるよう、ｐＨ調整を行う。   In the present invention, when the power generation apparatus 1 as described above is used, when the organic matter is oxidatively decomposed by microorganisms in the anode chamber 11, the pH is adjusted so that the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber 11 is maintained at 7 or more and 9 or less. .

ｐＨ調整の手段は特に限定されない。例えば、アノード室内の液またはアノード室からの流出液のｐＨを測定し、この測定値が７以上９以下となるようにｐＨ調整剤（特にアルカリ）を添加する方法が挙げられる。アルカリは、アノード室に供給される原液、アノード室内の液、およびアノード室内から排出され循環される循環液のいずれに添加してもよい。   The means for adjusting the pH is not particularly limited. For example, a method of measuring the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber or the effluent from the anode chamber and adding a pH adjuster (particularly alkali) so that the measured value is 7 or more and 9 or less. The alkali may be added to any of the stock solution supplied to the anode chamber, the solution in the anode chamber, and the circulating fluid discharged from the anode chamber and circulated.

ただし、アノード室内では、液の緩衝能力と有機物濃度および有機物分解量の３要素の関係によってｐＨが変化し、例えば液の緩衝能力が低い一方で有機物濃度が高く分解量が大きければ、流入液のｐＨを上限の９にしていても流出液のｐＨが７を下回りうる。液の緩衝能力を高めるためにバッファを多量に添加すれば、この問題は回避可能であるが、バッファの添加コストがかさむ。   However, in the anode chamber, the pH changes depending on the relationship between the buffer capacity of the liquid, the organic substance concentration, and the decomposition amount of the organic substance. For example, if the buffer capacity of the liquid is low but the organic substance concentration is high and the decomposition amount is large, Even if the pH is at the upper limit of 9, the pH of the effluent can be less than 7. This problem can be avoided if a large amount of buffer is added in order to increase the buffer capacity of the solution, but the addition cost of the buffer is increased.

このため、原液のｐＨを上限値に調整するよりは、アノード室内の液または循環液のｐＨ調整を行う方が好ましく、特に循環液のｐＨを調整することが好ましい。循環液のｐＨ調整を行う方法としては、アルカリを添加してもよいし、アノード室からの流出液をアノード室に循環させる循環路の途中に脱気装置を設けて脱炭酸処理をすることでｐＨを高くしてもよい。   For this reason, it is more preferable to adjust the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber or the circulating liquid than to adjust the pH of the stock solution to the upper limit, and it is particularly preferable to adjust the pH of the circulating liquid. As a method for adjusting the pH of the circulating liquid, alkali may be added, or a decarbonation process may be performed by providing a degassing device in the middle of a circulation path for circulating the effluent from the anode chamber to the anode chamber. The pH may be increased.

また、図１に示す発電装置１のように、アノード室１１を２以上の分室に分割して、これらを直列接続してもよい。アノード室１１を分割すれば、各分室での有機物分解量が小さくなるため、炭酸ガスの生成量も小さくなり、各分室でのｐＨ低下を少なくできる。分割する数はアノード室１１に流入させる原液の有機物濃度によって変えればよく、各分室から流出する液のｐＨが７を下回らないような大きさとなるように分割すればよい。例えば、原液のアルカリ度が１００ｍｇ／Ｌ（ＣａＣＯ３として）であれば、１０〜２０程度に分割すればよい。また、原液のアルカリ度が２００ｍｇ／Ｌであれば、５〜１０程度に分割すればよい。 Moreover, like the power generator 1 shown in FIG. 1, the anode chamber 11 may be divided into two or more compartments and these may be connected in series. If the anode chamber 11 is divided, the amount of organic matter decomposed in each compartment is reduced, so that the amount of carbon dioxide produced is also reduced, and the pH drop in each compartment can be reduced. The number of divisions may be changed depending on the concentration of organic substances in the stock solution flowing into the anode chamber 11 and may be divided so that the pH of the liquid flowing out from each of the compartments does not fall below 7. For example, if the alkalinity of the stock solution is 100 mg / L (as CaCO 3 ), it may be divided into about 10-20. Moreover, what is necessary is just to divide | segment into about 5-10 if the alkalinity of a stock solution is 200 mg / L.

各分室は直列接続し、原液が分割された各分室を順次、流れるようにする。例えば図１の発電装置１では、互いに隣接する一対の分室である第１アノード分室１１Ａと第２アノード分室１１Ｂのうち、原液が供給される流入口（第１アノード分室１１Ａの流入口１１１）に近い側である第１アノード分室１１Ａから第２アノード分室１１Ｂに向かって液が流れる。   The compartments are connected in series so that the stock solution flows sequentially through the compartments. For example, in the power generation device 1 of FIG. 1, among the first anode compartment 11A and the second anode compartment 11B which are a pair of compartments adjacent to each other, the inlet to which the stock solution is supplied (the inlet 111 of the first anode compartment 11A) is supplied. The liquid flows from the first anode compartment 11A on the near side toward the second anode compartment 11B.

このようにアノード室１１を分割する場合は、各分室について、その排出口からの流出液のｐＨを上げて次の分室に流入させるとよい。例えば、図では示していないが各分室を連通路で接続し、前段側分室（例えば第１アノード分室１１Ａ）から流出する液のｐＨを測定し、これにアルカリを添加するか、脱炭酸処理を施してｐＨを上げてから次の分室（例えば第２アノード分室１１Ｂ）に送るようにするとよい。   When dividing the anode chamber 11 in this way, it is preferable to raise the pH of the effluent from the discharge port of each compartment and flow it into the next compartment. For example, although not shown in the figure, each compartment is connected by a communication passage, and the pH of the liquid flowing out from the preceding compartment (for example, the first anode compartment 11A) is measured, and an alkali is added thereto, or decarboxylation treatment is performed. It is good to send to the next compartment (for example, 2nd anode compartment 11B), after giving and raising pH.

上記方法によってアノード室１１内の液のｐＨが７以上９以下を維持するようにｐＨ調整した状態でアノード室１１において微生物反応による有機物（電子供与体）の酸化反応を進める。電子供与体として酢酸を用いる場合であれば、下記化学式に示す反応により二酸化炭素、Ｈ＋、および電子が生成される。
[化学式１]
ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ＋２Ｈ２Ｏ→２ＣＯ２＋８Ｈ＋＋８ｅ− In the anode chamber 11, an oxidation reaction of an organic substance (electron donor) is advanced in the anode chamber 11 with the pH adjusted so that the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber 11 is maintained at 7 or more and 9 or less by the above method. When acetic acid is used as the electron donor, carbon dioxide, H + , and electrons are generated by the reaction shown in the following chemical formula.
[Chemical formula 1]
CH 3 COOH + 2H 2 O → 2CO 2 + 8H + + 8e −

生成されたＨ＋は、カチオンを透過させる非導電膜１５を通ってカソード室１２に移動させる。電子は負極として機能する導電体２１から取り出され、アノード引き出し線２３と導通線１７とを介して導電体２２側に送られる。この過程で導電体２１（負極）と導電体２２（正極）との間には電流が流れ、発電することができる。 The generated H + is moved to the cathode chamber 12 through the non-conductive film 15 that allows cations to pass therethrough. The electrons are taken out from the conductor 21 that functions as a negative electrode, and sent to the conductor 22 side through the anode lead wire 23 and the conductive wire 17. In this process, a current flows between the conductor 21 (negative electrode) and the conductor 22 (positive electrode), and power can be generated.

本実施形態ではカソード室１２にフェリシアン化カリウムを含む正極溶液を供給して下記化学式による還元反応を行い、アノード室１１で生成された電子を消費させる。
[化学式２]
８Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６ ３−＋８ｅ−＋８Ｈ＋→８ＦｅＨ（ＣＮ）６ ３− In the present embodiment, a cathode solution containing potassium ferricyanide is supplied to the cathode chamber 12 to perform a reduction reaction according to the following chemical formula, and the electrons generated in the anode chamber 11 are consumed.
[Chemical formula 2]
8Fe (CN) 6 3− + 8e − + 8H + → 8FeH (CN) 6 3−

なお、正極として例えば白金を使用するような場合であれば、下記化学式による還元反応を行わせることもできる。
[化学式３]
２Ｏ２＋８Ｈ＋＋８ｅ−→４Ｈ２Ｏ In addition, if platinum, for example, is used as the positive electrode, a reduction reaction according to the following chemical formula can be performed.
[Chemical formula 3]
2O 2 + 8H + + 8e − → 4H 2 O

［試験例１］
試験用の発電装置として図４に示す微生物発電装置２を作成した。発電装置２は、２つの正極用導電体２２で１つの負極用導電体２１を挟む構成とし、全体で容積７００ｍＬ、アノード室１１の容積は７００ｍＬ、各カソード室１２の容積は１７５ｍＬとした。発電装置２には、アノード室１１からの排出液を循環させる循環槽を備える循環路３０を設け、循環路を流れる液のｐＨを測定するｐＨ測定器を設けた。また、循環路には２Ｎの水酸化ナトリウムを添加できるようにし、これをｐＨ調整手段３１とした。 [Test Example 1]
As a test power generator, a microbial power generator 2 shown in FIG. 4 was prepared. The power generation device 2 has a configuration in which one negative electrode conductor 21 is sandwiched between two positive electrode conductors 22. The total volume is 700 mL, the volume of the anode chamber 11 is 700 mL, and the volume of each cathode chamber 12 is 175 mL. The power generation device 2 is provided with a circulation path 30 including a circulation tank for circulating the liquid discharged from the anode chamber 11 and a pH measuring device for measuring the pH of the liquid flowing through the circulation path. Further, 2N sodium hydroxide can be added to the circulation path, and this is used as the pH adjusting means 31.

導電体２１は、発電装置１と同様に厚さ１ｃｍのグラファイトフェルト（東洋カーボン株式会社製）４枚を導電性接着剤で張り合わせて構成した。各グラファイトフェルトは大きさが２５０ｍｍ×７０ｍｍの長方形状であり、両表面は粗面である。なお、図４では各グラファイトフェルトについては図示を省略しているが、導電体２１は図に示すようにアノード室１１内全体に充填され、アノード室１１内には空間が実質的に存在しない。すなわちアノード室１１に供給された液は多孔性の導電体２１を通るようにされており、導電体２１内を通らずにアノード室１１を通過すること（ショートパス）が実質的にないよう構成されている。アノード室１１には種菌として下水処理場の生物処理槽から採取した活性汚泥を添加して培養し各グラファイトフェルト表面に微生物を付着させた。これにより、アノード室１１内には４層のグラファイトフェルト層と５層の微生物層とが形成され、アノード１１室内の微生物濃度は約２，２００ｍｇ／Ｌであった。   The conductor 21 was composed of four graphite felts (manufactured by Toyo Carbon Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 1 cm and bonded together with a conductive adhesive in the same manner as the power generator 1. Each graphite felt has a rectangular shape with a size of 250 mm × 70 mm, and both surfaces are rough. In FIG. 4, illustration of each graphite felt is omitted, but the conductor 21 is filled in the entire anode chamber 11 as shown in the figure, and there is substantially no space in the anode chamber 11. That is, the liquid supplied to the anode chamber 11 is made to pass through the porous conductor 21, and does not pass through the anode chamber 11 without passing through the conductor 21 (short path). Has been. In the anode chamber 11, activated sludge collected from a biological treatment tank of a sewage treatment plant was added as an inoculum and cultured to attach microorganisms to the surface of each graphite felt. As a result, four graphite felt layers and five microbial layers were formed in the anode chamber 11, and the microbial concentration in the anode chamber 11 was about 2,200 mg / L.

一方、正極用の導電体２２はそれぞれ、厚さ３ｍｍのグラファイトフェルト１枚で構成した。正極用の導電体２２は、厚さが異なる以外は負極用のグラファイトフェルトと同様の構成であり、両表面は粗面である。   On the other hand, each positive electrode conductor 22 was composed of one piece of graphite felt having a thickness of 3 mm. The positive electrode conductor 22 has the same configuration as the negative electrode graphite felt except that the thickness is different, and both surfaces are rough.

負極用の導電体２１と正極用の導電体２２の間には非導電膜１５としてカチオン透過膜（デュポン株式会社製 商品名「ナフィオン」）を配置した。導電体２２と非導電膜１５とはスペーサ（図示せず）で挟んで互いに密着させた。カソード室１２には、導電体２２の表面のうち非導電膜１５と接する側と反対側に、正極溶液が通液される液室２６を設けた。液室には、電子受容体として５０ｍＭのフェリシアン化カリウムとリン酸バッファとを含む正極溶液を７０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎの流入量となるように供給した。一方、アノード室１１には、１，０００ｍｇ／Ｌの濃度の酢酸と、５０ｍＭの濃度のリン酸バッファ、および塩化アンモニウムとを含む原液を７０ｍＬ／ｍｉｎの流入量で供給した。   Between the negative electrode conductor 21 and the positive electrode conductor 22, a cation permeable membrane (trade name “Nafion” manufactured by DuPont) was disposed as the non-conductive film 15. The conductor 22 and the non-conductive film 15 were put in close contact with each other with a spacer (not shown) interposed therebetween. In the cathode chamber 12, a liquid chamber 26 through which the positive electrode solution is passed is provided on the side of the surface of the conductor 22 opposite to the side in contact with the non-conductive film 15. A positive electrode solution containing 50 mM potassium ferricyanide and a phosphate buffer as an electron acceptor was supplied to the liquid chamber so as to have an inflow rate of 70 mL / min. On the other hand, the anode chamber 11 was supplied with a stock solution containing acetic acid at a concentration of 1,000 mg / L, a phosphate buffer at a concentration of 50 mM, and ammonium chloride at an inflow rate of 70 mL / min.

導電体２１にはアノード引き出し線２３を接続し、導電体２２にはカソード引き出し線２４を接続し、アノード引き出し線２３とカソード引き出し線２４とは導通線１７で導通させた。アノード引き出し線２３、カソード引き出し線２４、および導通線１７はステンレス製針金で構成した。   An anode lead wire 23 was connected to the conductor 21, a cathode lead wire 24 was connected to the conductor 22, and the anode lead wire 23 and the cathode lead wire 24 were made conductive by a conducting wire 17. The anode lead wire 23, the cathode lead wire 24, and the conducting wire 17 were made of stainless steel wire.

上記条件で循環液に対する水酸化ナトリウムの添加量を変え、アノード室１１内の液のｐＨと発電量の関係を求めた。結果を図５に示す。図中、発電効率はアノードの単位容積あたりの発電量として示す。図５に示すように、アノード室１１からの流出液のｐＨが７を下回ると、発電効率が急激に低下することが判明した。同様に、アノード室１１からの流出液がｐＨ９を上回る場合も発電効率が急激に低下した。   Under the above conditions, the amount of sodium hydroxide added to the circulating fluid was changed, and the relationship between the pH of the fluid in the anode chamber 11 and the power generation amount was determined. The results are shown in FIG. In the figure, the power generation efficiency is shown as a power generation amount per unit volume of the anode. As shown in FIG. 5, it was found that when the pH of the effluent from the anode chamber 11 is less than 7, the power generation efficiency rapidly decreases. Similarly, when the effluent from the anode chamber 11 exceeded pH 9, the power generation efficiency decreased rapidly.

［実施例１］
上記試験より、アノード室１１内の液のｐＨが発電効率に影響することが示された。そこで、実施例１として、試験例１で用いた装置の循環路に、水酸化ナトリウムを自動添加してアノード室１１からの流出液のｐＨが７．５を維持するようにした。このとき、アノード室１１に循環流入させる循環液はｐＨ８．２とした。発電装置２に供給した原液および正極溶液の組成、濃度、供給量等のその他の条件については、試験例１と同様とした。 [Example 1]
From the above test, it was shown that the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber 11 affects the power generation efficiency. Therefore, as Example 1, sodium hydroxide was automatically added to the circulation path of the apparatus used in Test Example 1 so that the pH of the effluent from the anode chamber 11 was maintained at 7.5. At this time, the circulating fluid to be circulated into the anode chamber 11 was set to pH 8.2. Other conditions such as the composition, concentration, and supply amount of the stock solution and the positive electrode solution supplied to the power generation device 2 were the same as in Test Example 1.

実施例１では、アノード室１１から流出した流出液の炭酸濃度は、無機炭酸（ＩＣ）として３４０ｍｇ／Ｌであった。また、アノードの単位容積あたり５８０Ｗ／ｍ３の電力が得られた。 In Example 1, the carbonic acid concentration of the effluent flowing out from the anode chamber 11 was 340 mg / L as inorganic carbonic acid (IC). In addition, a power of 580 W / m 3 was obtained per unit volume of the anode.

［実施例２］
実施例２として、循環液に対するアルカリ添加をやめ、代わりに循環路の途中に設置した循環槽に脱気膜（CELGARD社製、リキセル脱気モジュール 直径１inch×長さ５．５inch）を設置しｐＨ調整手段３１とした。このモジュール内部を真空ポンプで減圧することで循環液中の炭酸ガスを脱気した。その他の条件は実施例１と同様にした。その結果、循環液のｐＨを８．０に維持することができ、アノード室１１からの流出液のｐＨは７．２、アノードの単位容積あたりに得られた発電量は５７２Ｗ／ｍ３であった。 [Example 2]
In Example 2, the addition of alkali to the circulating fluid was stopped, and instead a degassing membrane (CELGARD, Liquicel degassing module diameter 1 inch x length 5.5 inch) was installed in a circulation tank installed in the middle of the circulation path. The adjustment means 31 was used. The inside of the module was depressurized with a vacuum pump to degas the carbon dioxide in the circulating liquid. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1. As a result, the pH of the circulating fluid can be maintained at 8.0, the pH of the effluent from the anode chamber 11 is 7.2, and the power generation amount obtained per unit volume of the anode is 572 W / m 3. It was.

［実施例３］
実施例３として、循環路の途中に設置した循環槽に脱気膜を設ける代わりに窒素脱気装置を設けｐＨ調整手段３１とし、循環液中の炭酸ガスを脱気した。その他の条件は実施例２と同様にした。その結果、循環液のｐＨを７．９に維持することができ、アノード室１１からの流出液のｐＨは７．１、アノードの単位容積あたりに得られた発電量は５６６Ｗ／ｍ３であった。 [Example 3]
As Example 3, instead of providing a degassing membrane in a circulation tank installed in the middle of the circulation path, a nitrogen degassing device was provided as the pH adjusting means 31 to degas carbon dioxide in the circulating liquid. Other conditions were the same as in Example 2. As a result, the pH of the circulating liquid can be maintained at 7.9, the pH of the effluent from the anode chamber 11 is 7.1, and the amount of power generated per unit volume of the anode is 566 W / m 3. It was.

［実施例４］
実施例４では、図１に示す装置を模した発電装置１で実験した。発電装置１のアノード室は４分割し、各分室を配管で接続した各配管には内部を流れる液のｐＨを測定するためにｐＨ計を設けるとともにアルカリを添加するアルカリ注入管を接続した。アノード室１１に供給する原液のｐＨを８．０とし、第１アノード分室から順次、後段側分室に通液する際、各分室から流出する液のｐＨを測定し、この値が７．０以上となるように適宜、アルカリを添加したアノード室を分割し、各分室管を流れる液のｐＨを調整するようにした他は実施例１と同様の条件で試験をしたところ、アノード室１１からの流出液のｐＨは７．０、アノードの単位容積あたりに得られた発電量は５５６Ｗ／ｍ３となった。 [Example 4]
In Example 4, the experiment was performed with the power generation apparatus 1 that imitated the apparatus shown in FIG. The anode chamber of the power generation apparatus 1 was divided into four parts, and each pipe connected to each branch room was provided with a pH meter and an alkali injection pipe for adding alkali to measure the pH of the liquid flowing inside. When the pH of the stock solution supplied to the anode chamber 11 is 8.0, and the liquid is sequentially passed from the first anode compartment to the rear compartment, the pH of the liquid flowing out from each compartment is measured, and this value is 7.0 or more. When the test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the anode chamber to which the alkali was added was appropriately divided so that the pH of the liquid flowing through each branch tube was adjusted, The pH of the effluent was 7.0, and the amount of power generated per unit volume of the anode was 556 W / m 3 .

上述した通り、本発明によれば、微生物を利用して高い発電効率で発電できることが示された。   As described above, according to the present invention, it was shown that power can be generated with high power generation efficiency using microorganisms.

本発明は、微生物を利用した発電に用いることができる。   The present invention can be used for power generation using microorganisms.

本発明の一実施形態に係る微生物発電装置の全体模式図。1 is an overall schematic diagram of a microbial power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 前記微生物発電装置のＸ−Ｘ線での断面図。Sectional drawing in the XX line of the said microbial power generation device. 前記微生物発電装置のＹ−Ｙ線での断面図。Sectional drawing in the YY line of the said microbial power generation apparatus. 試験に用いた微生物発電装置の構成図。The block diagram of the microbial power generation device used for the test. 試験結果を示すグラフ図。The graph which shows a test result.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１、２ 微生物発電装置
１１ アノード室
１１Ａ〜Ｃ アノード分室
１２ カソード室
１５ 非導電膜
１７ 導通線
２１ 導電体（アノード）
２２ 導電体（カソード）
２３ アノード引き出し線
２４ カソード引き出し線
３０ 循環路
３１ ｐＨ調整手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Microbial power generation device 11 Anode chamber 11A-C Anode compartment 12 Cathode chamber 15 Non-conductive film 17 Conductive line 21 Conductor (anode)
22 Conductor (cathode)
23 Anode lead wire 24 Cathode lead wire 30 Circulation path 31 pH adjusting means

Claims (4)

微生物および電子供与体を含む液を保持する２以上の互いに直列接続された分室からなり有機物を含む原液が流入口から流入して前記各分室を順次流れるアノード室において前記微生物の生物反応により前記電子供与体から電子を取り出し、前記アノード室に配置された負極から、前記負極と電気的に接続された正極に接する電子受容体に前記電子を供与して発電する微生物発電方法であって、
直列接続された一対の前記分室の一方であって前記原液の前記流入口に近い前段分室に流入する液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整し、
前記前段分室から流出する液のｐＨを上げた後、一対の前記分室の他方である後段分室に供給することで、アノード室内の前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下にする微生物発電方法。 The electron solution is formed by biological reaction of the microorganisms in the anode chamber in which an undiluted solution containing an organic substance flows from the inlet and flows sequentially through each of the compartments. The stock solution is composed of two or more compartments connected in series to hold a liquid containing a microorganism and an electron donor. A microbial power generation method for taking out electrons from a donor and generating electricity by donating the electrons to an electron acceptor in contact with a positive electrode electrically connected to the negative electrode from a negative electrode disposed in the anode chamber,
Adjusting the pH of the liquid flowing into the preceding compartment, which is one of the pair of compartments connected in series and close to the inlet of the stock solution, to 7 or more and 9 or less;
A microbial power generation method in which the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber is set to 7 or more and 9 or less by increasing the pH of the liquid flowing out from the preceding compartment and then supplying the latter to the latter compartment which is the other of the pair of compartments. 前記アノード室内の液または／および前記アノード室から流出する流出液のｐＨを測定して、前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整する請求項１に記載の微生物発電方法。   The microbial power generation method according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the liquid in the anode chamber and / or the effluent flowing out of the anode chamber is measured to adjust the pH of the liquid to 7 or more and 9 or less. 前記前段分室から流出する液を脱気するまたは／および前記液にアルカリを添加することによりｐＨを上げる請求項１または２に記載の微生物発電方法。   The microbial power generation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pH is raised by degassing the liquid flowing out from the preceding compartment or / and adding an alkali to the liquid. 微生物および電子供与体を含む液を保持し負極が配置されたアノード室と、前記負極と電気的に接続された正極と、を含み、前記微生物の生物反応により前記電子供与体から取り出された電子を、前記負極から前記正極に送り発電する微生物発電装置であって、
前記アノード室は、原液が流入する流入口と、前記流入口から流入した原液が順次流れる２以上の互いに直列接続された分室を有し、
直列接続された一対の前記分室の一方であって前記原液の前記流入口に近い前段分室に流入する前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下に調整することで、アノード室内の前記液のｐＨを７以上９以下にするｐＨ調整手段をさらに含み、
前記分室はそれぞれ、当該分室から流出する液のｐＨが７以上となる大きさに設定されている
微生物発電装置。 An electron chamber that holds a liquid containing a microorganism and an electron donor and has a negative electrode disposed thereon; and a positive electrode that is electrically connected to the negative electrode, and is extracted from the electron donor by a biological reaction of the microorganism Is a microbial power generation device that generates power from the negative electrode to the positive electrode,
The anode chamber has an inlet into which the stock solution flows, and two or more compartments connected in series with each other through which the stock solution introduced from the inlet flows sequentially,
The pH of the liquid in the anode chamber is adjusted to 7 or more and 9 or less by adjusting the pH of the liquid flowing into the previous-stage compartment close to the inlet of the stock solution in one of the pair of compartments connected in series. Further comprising pH adjusting means for adjusting to 9 or less ,
Each of the compartments is a microbial power generation apparatus in which the pH of the liquid flowing out from the compartment is set to a size of 7 or more.
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