JP5328595B2 - Method for evaluating or selecting GIP elevation inhibitor - Google Patents

Method for evaluating or selecting GIP elevation inhibitor Download PDF

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JP5328595B2
JP5328595B2 JP2009231741A JP2009231741A JP5328595B2 JP 5328595 B2 JP5328595 B2 JP 5328595B2 JP 2009231741 A JP2009231741 A JP 2009231741A JP 2009231741 A JP2009231741 A JP 2009231741A JP 5328595 B2 JP5328595 B2 JP 5328595B2
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知佳 鈴鴨
紀子 大崎
玲 下豊留
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Kao Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor. <P>SOLUTION: The method of evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor includes processes of: bringing a test substance into contact with a tissue or cell originating from a mammal capable of manifesting a FAT/CD 36 gene or a FAT/CD36 protein (A); measuring the amount of manifestation of the FAT/CD36 gene or FAT/CD36 protein in a tissue or cell originating from the mammal (B); comparing the amount of manifestation measured in (B) in the above with the amount of manifestation of the FAT/CD 36 gene or FAT/CD36 protein in a comparison group for preventing a test substance from abutting on a tissue or cell originating from a mammal capable of manifesting the FAT/CD36 gene or FAT/CD36 protein (C); and evaluating or selecting the test substance for reducing the amount of manifestation of the FAT/CD36 gene or FAT/CD36 protein as a GIP elevation inhibitor, based on the result of (C) in the above (D). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は、FAT/CD36阻害作用を指標としたGIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択方法、並びにGIP上昇抑制剤に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor using the FAT / CD36 inhibitory action as an index, and a GIP elevation inhibitor.

GIP(ガストリックインヒビトリーポリペプチド又はグルコースディペンデントインスリノトロピックポリペプチド)は、グルカゴン・セクレチンファミリーに属する消化管ホルモンの1つである。GIPはGLP−1(グルカゴン様ペプチド1)と共にインクレチンと称され、脂質や糖質の摂食時に小腸に存在するK細胞より分泌され、膵β細胞においてグルコースによるインスリン分泌を促進することや、脂肪組織において糖質や脂質の取り込みを亢進することが報告されている。そのため、GIPの上昇を抑制することは肥満の予防もしくは改善に有効であると考えられる。
また、GIPは、胃酸分泌抑制作用や胃運動抑制作用を有することが知られている(非特許文献1〜3)ことから、GIPの上昇抑制は、食後の消化促進や胃もたれの改善に有効であると考えられる。
従って、GIPの上昇を抑制する物質を、高感度で短期間に評価できる指標が望まれるところである。
GIP (Gastrick Inhibitory Polypeptide or Glucose Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide) is one of the gastrointestinal hormones belonging to the glucagon / secretin family. GIP is called incretin together with GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1), secreted from K cells present in the small intestine at the time of feeding lipids and carbohydrates, and promotes insulin secretion by glucose in pancreatic β cells, It has been reported to increase uptake of carbohydrates and lipids in adipose tissue. Therefore, it is considered that suppressing the increase in GIP is effective in preventing or improving obesity.
In addition, GIP is known to have a gastric acid secretion inhibitory action and a gastric motility inhibitory action (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). Therefore, inhibition of GIP elevation is effective in promoting postprandial digestion and improving stomach leaning. It is thought that.
Therefore, an index that can evaluate a substance that suppresses the increase in GIP in a short time with high sensitivity is desired.

これまでの研究によって、GIPの機能を阻害する物質として、3−ブロモ−5−メチル−2−フェニルピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−7−オール(BMPP)が知られ、食後GIPの分泌を抑制するものとして、グアガム等が知られている(特許文献1、非特許文献4〜9)。また、近年では、GIP受容体アンタゴニストである(Pro3)GIPが知られている。しかしながら、これらの物質は、安全性や効果の面で十分とはいえない。   Based on previous studies, 3-bromo-5-methyl-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ol (BMPP) is known as a substance that inhibits the function of GIP. Gua gum etc. are known as what suppresses secretion (patent document 1, nonpatent literatures 4-9). In recent years, (Pro3) GIP, which is a GIP receptor antagonist, is known. However, these substances are not sufficient in terms of safety and effectiveness.

一方、K細胞には、糖質輸送蛋白質であるSGLT1が発現していることが報告されている(非特許文献10)が、脂質代謝に関与する蛋白質発現については殆ど知られていない。更には、糖質や脂質によるGIP分泌機序については、未だ明らかにされていない。
脂質によるGIP分泌のためには脂質の吸収、脂質の感知、いずれかが関わっているとされているが、どちらが寄与しているのかは論争中である。近年、腸管内分泌細胞特異的に中・長鎖脂肪酸のレセプターであるGPR40やGPR120が発現していることが見出され、K細胞において、このレセプターによる脂肪酸の感知がGIPの分泌に必要である可能性が示唆されている(非特許文献10〜11)。
On the other hand, it is reported that SGLT1, which is a carbohydrate transport protein, is expressed in K cells (Non-patent Document 10), but little is known about the expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the GIP secretion mechanism by carbohydrates and lipids has not been clarified yet.
GIP secretion by lipids is thought to involve either absorption of lipids or perception of lipids, which is contributing to the debate. Recently, it has been found that GPR40 and GPR120, which are receptors for medium and long chain fatty acids, are expressed specifically in intestinal endocrine cells. In K cells, sensing of fatty acids by these receptors may be necessary for GIP secretion. Sex has been suggested (Non-Patent Documents 10 to 11).

食事として摂取した脂質は、小腸内でリパーゼにより加水分解されモノアシルグリセロールと脂肪酸となった後、小腸上皮細胞に吸収される。通常その多くは小腸上皮細胞内において再度トリグリセリドに合成され、カイロミクロンとなり肝臓や脂肪組織等へ血中を運ばれる。
小腸における脂肪酸の吸収に関与しているといわれている蛋白質としてFAT/CD36(fatty acid translocase)が知られている(非特許文献12)。FAT/CD36は88−kDの膜貫通型蛋白質であり、脂肪細胞においてその機能を阻害することで、脂肪酸取り込みを減少させることが報告されている(非特許文献13)。また、白色脂肪組織においてFAT/CD36の遺伝子発現を抑制することで脂肪の蓄積を抑制できるといわれている(特許文献2)。しかし、小腸においては、FAT/CD36のノックアウトマウスにおいて総脂質吸収量が変わらないとの報告もあり(非特許文献14)、FAT/CD36の小腸における脂肪酸吸収への寄与度は不明である。
K細胞は管腔に直接面するopen型の内分泌細胞であることから、小腸管腔の刺激を直接受けると考えられている(非特許文献15)。現在、K細胞でのFAT/CD36の発現の有無については未だ明らかにされていない。さらにGIP分泌とFAT/CD36の関連についても明らかにされていない。
Lipids taken as a meal are hydrolyzed by lipase in the small intestine to monoacylglycerol and fatty acid, and then absorbed into the small intestinal epithelial cells. Usually, most of them are re-synthesized into triglycerides in the small intestinal epithelial cells, become chylomicron, and are transported to the liver, adipose tissue, and the like.
FAT / CD36 (fatty acid translocase) is known as a protein that is said to be involved in fatty acid absorption in the small intestine (Non-patent Document 12). FAT / CD36 is an 88-kD transmembrane protein, and it has been reported to inhibit fatty acid uptake by inhibiting its function in adipocytes (Non-patent Document 13). In addition, it is said that accumulation of fat can be suppressed by suppressing gene expression of FAT / CD36 in white adipose tissue (Patent Document 2). However, in the small intestine, there is a report that the amount of total lipid absorption does not change in FAT / CD36 knockout mice (Non-patent Document 14), and the contribution of FAT / CD36 to fatty acid absorption in the small intestine is unknown.
Since K cells are open-type endocrine cells that directly face the lumen, it is thought that they are directly stimulated by the small intestinal lumen (Non-patent Document 15). At present, whether or not FAT / CD36 is expressed in K cells has not yet been clarified. Furthermore, the relationship between GIP secretion and FAT / CD36 has not been clarified.

FAT/CD36の機能を阻害する物質としては、Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate(SSO)、Sulfosuccinimidyl palmitate(SSP)等が知られている。これらはHarmon CMらにより合成され(非特許文献16)、脂肪細胞においてFAT/CD36特異的に結合し、脂肪酸取り込みを減少させることが報告されている(非特許文献13)。   As substances that inhibit the function of FAT / CD36, sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), sulfosuccinimidyl palmitate (SSP), and the like are known. These are synthesized by Harmon CM et al. (Non-patent Document 16) and reported to specifically bind to FAT / CD36 in adipocytes and reduce fatty acid uptake (Non-patent Document 13).

国際公開第01/87341号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 01/87341 Pamphlet 特開2004−359622号公報JP 2004-359622 A

J.C.Brownら、Canadian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1969,47:113−114J. et al. C. Brown et al., Canadian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1969, 47: 113-114. J.M.Falkoら、J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1975,41:260−265J. et al. M.M. Falko et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975, 41: 260-265 織田敏次ら、消化管 機能と病態、1981年、中外医学社、P205−216Toshiji Oda et al., Gastrointestinal function and pathology, 1981, Chugai Medical Co., P205-216 Gatenby SJら、Diabet Med. 1996,13:358−364Gateby SJ et al., Diabet Med. 1996, 13: 358-364. Ellis PRら、Br J Nutr. 1995,74:539−556Ellis PR et al., Br J Nutr. 1995, 74: 539-556. Simoes Nunes Cら、Reprod Nutr Dev. 1992,32:11−20Simones Nunes C et al., Reprod Nutr Dev. 1992, 32: 11-20 Morgan LMら、Br J Nutr. 1990,64:103−110Morgan LM et al., Br J Nutr. 1990, 64: 103-110. Requejo Fら、Diabet Med. 1990,7:515−520Requesto F et al., Diabet Med. 1990, 7: 515-520. Morgan LMら、Br J Nutr. 1985,53:467−475Morgan LM et al., Br J Nutr. 1985, 53: 467-475. Parker HEら、Diabetologia. 2009,52:289−298Parker HE et al., Diabetologia. 2009, 52: 289-298. Edfalk Sら、Diabetes. 2008,57:2280−2287Edfalk S et al., Diabetes. 2008, 57: 2280-2287. Niot Iら、Prog Lipid Res. 2009,48:101−115Niot I et al., Prog Lipid Res. 2009, 48: 101-115. Coort SLら、Mol Cell Biochem. 2002,239:213−219Coort SL et al., Mol Cell Biochem. 2002, 239: 213-219 Goudriaan JRら、Mol Cell Biochem. 2002,239:199−202Godriaan JR, et al., Mol Cell Biochem. 2002, 239: 199-202 Buchan AMら、Am J Physiol. 1999,277:G1103−G1107Buchan AM et al., Am J Physiol. 1999, 277: G1103-G1107 Harmon CMら、J Membr Biol. 1991,121:261−268Harmon CM et al., J Membr Biol. 1991, 121: 261-268

本発明は、GIP上昇抑制剤を評価又は選択する方法を提供することに関する。   The present invention relates to providing a method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor.

本発明者等は、GIPを分泌するK細胞にFAT/CD36が発現していることを見出した。そして、当該FAT/CD36を阻害することによって血中GIP濃度が低下すること、さらにそこからFAT/CD36を阻害する物質は、GIP上昇抑制剤として有用であり、また、FAT/CD36の発現抑制作用を指標として、GIP上昇抑制剤を評価又は選択が可能になることを見出した。   The present inventors have found that FAT / CD36 is expressed in K cells that secrete GIP. In addition, the GIP concentration in blood decreases by inhibiting the FAT / CD36, and further, a substance that inhibits the FAT / CD36 is useful as a GIP increase inhibitor, and also suppresses the expression of the FAT / CD36. It was found that a GIP increase inhibitor can be evaluated or selected using as an index.

すなわち、本発明は、以下の工程(A)〜(D):
(A)FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞に、被験物質を接触させる工程、
(B)当該哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する工程、
(C)上記(B)で測定した発現量を、被験物質をFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞に接触させない対照群におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量と比較する工程、
(D)上記(C)の結果に基づいて、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を減少させる被験物質をGIP上昇抑制剤として評価又は選択する工程、
を含む、GIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択方法、を提供するものである。
That is, the present invention includes the following steps (A) to (D):
(A) a step of bringing a test substance into contact with a mammal-derived tissue or cell capable of expressing the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein;
(B) a step of measuring the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the mammal-derived tissue or cell,
(C) The expression level measured in the above (B) is determined based on the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / in the control group in which the test substance is not contacted with a tissue or cell derived from a mammal capable of expressing the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein. Comparing with the expression level of CD36 protein;
(D) A step of evaluating or selecting a test substance that decreases the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein as a GIP increase inhibitor based on the result of (C) above,
And a method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor.

また、本発明は、以下の工程(A)〜(D):
(A)被験物質を非ヒト哺乳動物に投与する工程、
(B)当該非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する工程、
(C)上記(B)で測定した発現量を、被験物質を投与しない対照群の非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量と比較する工程、
(D)上記(C)の結果に基づいて、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を減少させる被験物質をGIP上昇抑制剤として評価又は選択する工程、
を含む、GIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択方法、を提供するものである。
The present invention also includes the following steps (A) to (D):
(A) a step of administering a test substance to a non-human mammal;
(B) a step of measuring the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein in the small intestine collected from the non-human mammal,
(C) a step of comparing the expression level measured in the above (B) with the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the small intestine collected from a non-human mammal of a control group not administered with the test substance,
(D) A step of evaluating or selecting a test substance that decreases the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein as a GIP increase inhibitor based on the result of (C) above,
And a method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor.

また、本発明は、下記一般式(1)   Further, the present invention provides the following general formula (1)

(式中、RCOは脂肪酸残基を示す。)
で表される化合物を有効成分とするGIP上昇抑制剤を提供するものである。
(In the formula, RCO represents a fatty acid residue.)
A GIP elevation inhibitor comprising a compound represented by formula (I) as an active ingredient is provided.

本発明によれば、各種物質の、血中GIP上昇抑制効果をより正確に評価することができ、優れたGIP上昇抑制剤の選択が可能となる。また、本発明のGIP上昇抑制剤は、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防もしくは改善、食後の消化促進や胃もたれの改善をするための素材として有用である。   According to the present invention, the blood GIP increase inhibitory effect of various substances can be more accurately evaluated, and an excellent GIP increase inhibitor can be selected. In addition, the GIP elevation inhibitor of the present invention is useful as a material for reducing the possibility of developing obesity, preventing or improving it, promoting digestion after meals, and improving stomach sag.

マウス小腸組織切片におけるFAT/CD36の発現を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the expression of FAT / CD36 in a mouse | mouth small intestine tissue section. 乳剤還流開始後の血中GIPの経時曲線を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time curve of blood GIP after emulsion recirculation | reflux start.

本発明は、FAT/CD36阻害作用を指標として、各種物質のGIP上昇抑制作用を評価し、又当該評価結果に基づいてGIP上昇抑制剤を選択するものである。FAT/CD36は、小腸上皮細胞に発現し、小腸における脂肪酸吸収に関与すると考えられている蛋白質であるが、本発明者らによって、K細胞に発現していることが新たに判明した。また、後述の実施例に示すように、FAT/CD36を阻害することによって血中GIP濃度が低下したことから、FAT/CD36がGIP分泌に関わっていることが判明した。すなわち、FAT/CD36発現量と、GIP分泌量と間には正の相関関係がある。このことから、FAT/CD36を阻害する物質は、GIP上昇抑制剤として有用であり、また、各種物質のGIP上昇抑制効果を、FAT/CD36遺伝子又は蛋白質の発現量を測定することで評価でき、GIP上昇抑制剤を選択できると考えられる。   The present invention evaluates the GIP increase inhibitory action of various substances using the FAT / CD36 inhibitory action as an index, and selects a GIP increase inhibitor based on the evaluation results. FAT / CD36 is a protein that is expressed in small intestinal epithelial cells and is considered to be involved in fatty acid absorption in the small intestine, but the present inventors have newly found that it is expressed in K cells. Further, as shown in Examples described later, since the blood GIP concentration was reduced by inhibiting FAT / CD36, it was found that FAT / CD36 is involved in GIP secretion. That is, there is a positive correlation between the FAT / CD36 expression level and the GIP secretion level. From this, a substance that inhibits FAT / CD36 is useful as a GIP increase inhibitor, and the GIP increase inhibitory effect of various substances can be evaluated by measuring the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or protein, It is considered that a GIP elevation inhibitor can be selected.

なお、本発明において「GIP上昇抑制」とは、脂質及び糖質を含む食事、特に脂質を多く含む食事、そのなかでもトリアシルグリセロールを多く含む食事を摂取することにより、小腸に存在するK細胞から分泌されたGIPの上昇を抑制することをいう。すなわち、「GIP上昇抑制」とは、主として、食後に生じるGIP上昇を抑制することをいう。そして、本発明における「GIP上昇抑制作用」は、K細胞からのGIP分泌を抑制することでGIP上昇を抑制するGIP分泌抑制作用、及び血中GIP濃度を低下させることによりGIP上昇を抑制するGIP低下作用のいずれをも含む概念である。   In the present invention, “suppression of GIP elevation” refers to K cells present in the small intestine by ingesting a diet containing lipids and carbohydrates, in particular a diet rich in lipids, particularly a diet rich in triacylglycerol. It means to suppress the increase of GIP secreted from the body. That is, “GIP increase suppression” mainly refers to suppressing GIP increase that occurs after a meal. And the “GIP increase inhibitory action” in the present invention is a GIP secretion inhibitory action that suppresses GIP increase by suppressing GIP secretion from K cells, and a GIP that suppresses GIP increase by reducing blood GIP concentration. It is a concept that includes any of the lowering actions.

本発明において、GIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択は、in vitroで行うことも、in vivoで行うこともできる。   In the present invention, the evaluation or selection of the GIP elevation inhibitor can be performed in vitro or in vivo.

本発明方法をin vitroで行う場合、用いられる哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞は、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能なものである。なかでも哺乳動物由来の小腸組織又は細胞が好ましい。
例えば、小腸組織としては哺乳動物由来の小腸培養組織が挙げられ、細胞としては、小腸培養細胞としてCaco−2細胞、IEC−6細胞、IEC−18細胞、STC−1細胞、GLUTag細胞、小腸以外の培養細胞として3T3−L1細胞などが挙げられる。また、哺乳類動物由来の小腸初期培養細胞であってもよい。組織又は細胞は、正常組織又は細胞の他、該当遺伝子を導入したものであってもよい。哺乳動物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ヒト、マウス、ラット、ウサギ等が挙げられる。
When the method of the present invention is performed in vitro, the mammal-derived tissue or cells used can express the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein. Of these, small intestine tissues or cells derived from mammals are preferred.
For example, the small intestine tissue includes a mammal-derived small intestine cultured tissue, and the cells include Caco-2 cells, IEC-6 cells, IEC-18 cells, STC-1 cells, GLUTag cells, other than the small intestine. Examples of cultured cells include 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, the small intestine early culture cell derived from a mammal may be sufficient. The tissue or cell may be a normal tissue or cell and a gene into which the gene is introduced. Although it does not specifically limit as a mammal, For example, a human, a mouse | mouth, a rat, a rabbit etc. are mentioned.

当該哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞と被験物質との接触は、例えば被験物質を所定の濃度になるように予め培養液中に添加した後、組織又は細胞を培養液に載置すること、或いは、組織又は細胞が載置された培養液に、被験物質を所定の濃度になるように添加することにより行うことができる。接触後、例えば室温(25℃)〜37℃で通常3〜48時間程度、好ましくは6〜24時間程度培養するのが好ましい。   The contact between the mammal-derived tissue or cell and the test substance may be performed by, for example, adding the test substance to the culture solution in advance to a predetermined concentration, and then placing the tissue or cell in the culture solution, or It can be performed by adding the test substance to a predetermined concentration to the culture solution on which the tissue or cells are placed. After contact, for example, it is preferably cultured at room temperature (25 ° C.) to 37 ° C. for usually about 3 to 48 hours, preferably about 6 to 24 hours.

ここで、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な組織或いは細胞の播種時の濃度は、細胞が増殖可能な濃度であれば特に限定されない。また、被験物質の添加濃度は、0.00001〜10質量%(乾燥残分)とするのが好ましく、特に0.0001〜3質量%(乾燥残分)とするのが好ましい。   Here, the density | concentration at the time of seed | inoculation of the tissue or cell which can express FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein will not be specifically limited if a cell can proliferate. Moreover, it is preferable that the addition density | concentration of a test substance shall be 0.00001-10 mass% (dry residue), and it is especially preferable to set it as 0.0001-3 mass% (dry residue).

被験物質としては、特に限定されず、例えば動植物抽出物、化合物、化学物質等を用いることができる。   The test substance is not particularly limited, and for example, animal and plant extracts, compounds, chemical substances and the like can be used.

FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な組織又は細胞を培養する培地は、当該組織又は細胞を培養できる常用の培地を用いることができ、例えば10%FBS含有Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium等が挙げられる。細胞継代、増殖時にはこれらの培地に、血清、増殖因子、インスリン等の増殖添加剤や抗菌剤等を添加することが好ましい。
次いで、組織又は細胞を回収してFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する。
As a medium for culturing a tissue or cells capable of expressing the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein, a conventional medium capable of culturing the tissue or cells can be used. For example, 10% FBS-containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium etc. are mentioned. It is preferable to add growth additives such as serum, growth factors, insulin, and antibacterial agents to these media during cell passage and proliferation.
Next, tissues or cells are collected and the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein is measured.

本発明方法をin vivoで行う場合、用いられる非ヒト哺乳動物としては、性別、月齢を問わず、いかなる種類の動物でもよい。例えば、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、モルモット、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ又はサルを挙げることができるが、入手が容易であり、取り扱い易いラットやマウスなどのげっ歯類が好ましい。   When the method of the present invention is performed in vivo, the non-human mammal used may be any kind of animal regardless of gender and age. Examples include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs or monkeys, and rodents such as rats and mice that are readily available and easy to handle are preferred.

当該非ヒト哺乳動物への被験物質の投与方法としては、例えば、経口投与、消化管内投与、腹腔内投与、血管内投与、皮内投与、皮下投与等が挙げられる。GIPは十二指腸および空腸のK細胞より分泌されることから、カニュレーション等を用い、十二指腸や空腸に直接還流させる方法、あるいは簡便さや侵襲性が低いなどの点から、経口投与する方法が好ましい。   Examples of the method for administering the test substance to the non-human mammal include oral administration, intragastrointestinal administration, intraperitoneal administration, intravascular administration, intradermal administration, and subcutaneous administration. Since GIP is secreted from K cells of the duodenum and jejunum, the method of directly refluxing to the duodenum or jejunum using cannulation or the like, or the method of oral administration from the viewpoint of simplicity and low invasiveness is preferred.

被験物質の投与量は、0.0004mg/g体重以上、好ましくは0.04〜2mg/g体重である。また、投与回数は通常1回であるが、間隔をあけて数回に分けて投与してもよい。   The dose of the test substance is 0.0004 mg / g body weight or more, preferably 0.04 to 2 mg / g body weight. Moreover, although the frequency | count of administration is 1 time normally, you may divide and administer in several times at intervals.

次いで、被験物質の投与1〜360分後、好ましくは5〜120分後に、非ヒト哺乳動物から小腸を採取し、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する。小腸の採取は麻酔下もしくは安楽死直後に開腹し、胃の幽門より下部を採取する。   Subsequently, 1 to 360 minutes after administration of the test substance, preferably 5 to 120 minutes later, the small intestine is collected from the non-human mammal, and the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein is measured. The small intestine is collected under anesthesia or immediately after euthanasia, and the lower part of the stomach is collected from the pylorus.

FAT/CD36遺伝子の発現量の測定は、mRNAレベルで検出する場合は、例えば細胞からtotal RNAを抽出して、リアルタイムRT−PCR法、RNA分解酵素プロテクションアッセイ法、或いはノーザンブロット解析法等を利用して、FAT/CD36遺伝子から転写されたmRNAを検出定量することにより行うことができる。   For measurement of the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene, when detecting at the mRNA level, for example, total RNA is extracted from the cell, and real-time RT-PCR method, RNase protection assay method, Northern blot analysis method, etc. are used. Thus, mRNA transcribed from the FAT / CD36 gene can be detected and quantified.

また、FAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量の測定は、通常の免疫測定法により行うことができ、例えばRIA法、EIA法、ELISA、バイオアッセイ法、ウェスタンブロット等により行うことができるが、ウェスタンブロットが安価・簡便で望ましい。   The expression level of FAT / CD36 protein can be measured by a general immunoassay, for example, RIA method, EIA method, ELISA, bioassay method, Western blot, etc. Inexpensive, simple and desirable.

GIP上昇抑制剤の評価は、被験物質と接触させたFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を、被験物質に接触させない対照群(対照組織、細胞)におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質発現量と比較し、その発現量が減少した場合、被験物質にはGIP上昇抑制効果があると評価でき、また、斯かる物質を選択することができる。   The evaluation of GIP elevation inhibitor is performed by measuring the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in tissues or cells derived from mammals capable of expressing FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in contact with the test substance. When compared to the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the control group (control tissue, cells) not contacted with the substance, when the expression level decreases, the test substance can be evaluated as having an inhibitory effect on GIP increase, Moreover, such a substance can be selected.

また、被験物質を投与した非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を、被験物質を投与しない対照群の非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質発現量と比較し、その発現量が減少した場合、被験物質にはGIP上昇抑制効果があると評価でき、また、斯かる物質を選択することができる。
評価に際しては、必ずしも統計学的な手法を用いる必要はないが、統計学的に有意差の有無を検定して評価することが好ましい。
このようにして評価又は選択された物質は、例えば、食後のGIPを減少させ、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防もしくは改善、消化促進や胃もたれの改善をするための医薬、食品等に有効成分として配合して使用するための素材となり得る。
In addition, the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the small intestine collected from a non-human mammal administered with the test substance is expressed as FAT / CD36 in the small intestine collected from a non-human mammal in a control group not administered with the test substance. When the expression level decreases compared to the gene or FAT / CD36 protein expression level, the test substance can be evaluated as having a GIP increase inhibitory effect, and such substance can be selected.
In the evaluation, it is not always necessary to use a statistical method, but it is preferable to evaluate by evaluating whether there is a statistically significant difference.
Substances evaluated or selected in this way are effective, for example, in medicines, foods, etc. for reducing postprandial GIP, reducing the possibility of developing obesity, preventing or improving it, promoting digestion and improving stomach upset It can be a material for blending and using as an ingredient.

FAT/CD36を阻害する物質は、後記実施例に示すように、食後血中GIP濃度を低下させる作用を示した。従って、FAT/CD36阻害剤は、GIP上昇抑制剤として使用することができ、また、GIP上昇抑制剤を製造するために使用することができる。このとき、当該GIP上昇抑制剤には、当該FAT/CD36を阻害する物質を単独で、又はこれ以外に、必要に応じて適宜選択した担体等の、配合すべき後述の対象物において許容されるものを使用してもよい。なお、当該製剤は配合すべき対象物に応じて常法により製造することができる。   A substance that inhibits FAT / CD36 exhibited an effect of lowering the postprandial blood GIP concentration as shown in Examples below. Therefore, the FAT / CD36 inhibitor can be used as a GIP increase inhibitor, and can be used to produce a GIP increase inhibitor. At this time, the GIP increase inhibitor is allowed in the following target substance to be blended, such as a carrier that appropriately inhibits the FAT / CD36, or a carrier appropriately selected as necessary. Things may be used. In addition, the said formulation can be manufactured by a conventional method according to the target object which should be mix | blended.

ここで、FAT/CD36阻害剤は、FAT/CD36阻害作用を有するものであればよく、例えば、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物が挙げられる。   Here, the FAT / CD36 inhibitor only needs to have a FAT / CD36 inhibitory action, and examples thereof include compounds represented by the following general formula (1).

(式中、RCOは脂肪酸残基を示す。) (In the formula, RCO represents a fatty acid residue.)

一般式(1)中、RCOで表される脂肪酸残基の炭素数に特に制限はないが、炭素数6〜24、更に炭素数14〜24、特に炭素数16〜22が好ましい。脂肪酸残基としては、飽和のもの、不飽和のもの及び水酸基が置換していてもよいものが挙げられ、例えば、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリル酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、イソステアリン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、リシノール酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、アラキドン酸由来等のアシル基が挙げられる。   In general formula (1), the carbon number of the fatty acid residue represented by RCO is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 14 to 24, and particularly preferably 16 to 22. Examples of fatty acid residues include saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxyl groups that may be substituted, such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid. And acyl groups derived from isostearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and the like.

一般式(1)で表される化合物は、塩であってもよく、塩としては、例えば、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、アンモニア、有機アミン化合物等との塩が挙げられる。   The compound represented by the general formula (1) may be a salt, and examples of the salt include salts with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonia, organic amine compounds and the like.

FAT/CD36阻害剤の具体例としては、Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate(SSO)、Sulfosuccinimidyl palmitate(SSP)等が挙げられる。これらは、例えば、Harmon CMら、J Menb boil 1991,121:261−268記載の方法により得ることができる。具体的には、0.25 mmolのオレイン酸もしくはパルミチン酸、0.25 mmolのN−Hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt、0.275 mmolのジクロロヘキシルカルボジイミドを0.5 mlのN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド中で一晩撹拌する。その後沈殿したジシクロヘキシル尿素をフィルタレーションにより除去し、ろ液を3℃で4時間静置する。8倍量の酢酸エチルを添加し、フィルタレーションして得る。   Specific examples of the FAT / CD36 inhibitor include sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO) and sulfosuccinimidyl palmitate (SSP). These can be obtained, for example, by the method described in Harmon CM et al., J Menb boil 1991, 121: 261-268. Specifically, 0.25 mmol of oleic acid or palmitic acid, 0.25 mmol of N-hydroxysulfuccinimide sodium salt, 0.275 mmol of dichlorocarbodiimide were mixed in 0.5 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide. Stir overnight. Thereafter, precipitated dicyclohexylurea is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is allowed to stand at 3 ° C. for 4 hours. Eight times the amount of ethyl acetate is added and filtered.

そして、前述のとおり、GIP上昇を抑制することは、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防又は改善に有効であり、胃酸分泌の抑制及び胃運動の抑制を軽減させることから、FAT/CD36阻害剤は、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防又は改善剤、消化促進剤及び胃もたれ改善剤ともなり得、当該GIP上昇抑制剤、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防又は改善剤、消化促進剤及び胃もたれ改善剤(以下、「GIP上昇抑制剤等)とする)は、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防又は改善、食後の消化促進や胃もたれを改善するための、ヒト又は動物用の、各種食品、医薬品、医薬部外品、ペットフード等の有効成分として配合して使用できる。   And as mentioned above, suppressing GIP elevation is effective in reducing, preventing or improving the possibility of developing obesity, and reduces gastric acid secretion and gastric motility, thereby reducing FAT / CD36 inhibitors. Can be a decrease in the likelihood of developing obesity, a preventive or ameliorating agent, a digestion promoter, and a stomach sag improving agent, the GIP elevation inhibitor, a decrease in the likelihood of developing obesity, a preventive or ameliorating agent, a digestion promoter, and An agent for improving stomach sag (hereinafter referred to as “GIP elevation inhibitor, etc.”) is used for humans or animals to reduce, prevent or ameliorate the onset of obesity, promote digestion after meals, and improve stomach sag. It can be used as an active ingredient in various foods, pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, pet foods and the like.

本発明のGIP上昇抑制剤等を医薬品の有効成分として用いる場合、当該医薬品は任意の投与形態で投与され得る。投与形態としては、経口、経腸、経粘膜、注射等が挙げられる。経口投与のための製剤の剤型としては、例えば錠剤、被覆錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、粉剤、徐放性製剤、懸濁液、エマルジョン剤、内服液、糖衣錠、丸剤、細粒剤、シロップ剤、エリキシル剤等が挙げられる。非経口投与としては、静脈内注射、筋肉注射剤、吸入、輸液、坐剤、吸入薬、経皮吸収剤、点眼剤、点鼻剤等が挙げられる。   When the GIP elevation inhibitor of the present invention is used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical product, the pharmaceutical product can be administered in any dosage form. Examples of the dosage form include oral, enteral, transmucosal, injection and the like. Examples of the dosage form of the preparation for oral administration include tablets, coated tablets, capsules, granules, powders, powders, sustained-release preparations, suspensions, emulsions, oral liquids, dragees, pills, fine granules Agents, syrups, elixirs and the like. Examples of parenteral administration include intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, inhalation, infusion solution, suppository, inhalant, percutaneous absorption agent, eye drop, nasal drop and the like.

また、斯かる製剤では、本発明のGIP上昇抑制剤等を単独で、又は他の薬学的に許容される担体と組み合わせて使用してもよい。斯かる担体としては、例えば、賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、希釈剤、浸透圧調整剤、流動性促進剤、吸収助剤、pH調整剤、乳化剤、防腐剤、安定化剤、酸化防止剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、保湿剤、増粘剤、光沢剤、活性増強剤、抗炎症剤、殺菌剤、矯味剤、矯臭剤、増量剤、界面活性剤、分散剤、緩衝剤、保存剤、香料、被膜剤等が挙げられる。   In such a preparation, the GIP elevation inhibitor of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Such carriers include, for example, excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, diluents, osmotic pressure regulators, fluidity promoters, absorption aids, pH adjusters, emulsifiers, preservatives, stabilization. Agent, antioxidant, colorant, UV absorber, moisturizer, thickener, brightener, activity enhancer, anti-inflammatory agent, bactericidal agent, flavoring agent, flavoring agent, extender, surfactant, dispersant, Buffering agents, preservatives, fragrances, coating agents and the like can be mentioned.

これらの投与形態のうち、経口投与が好ましく、GIP上昇抑制剤等を含む経口投与用製剤中のFAT/CD36阻害剤の含有量は、通常、製剤全質量の0.001〜100質量%であり、0.01〜20質量%であるのが好ましく、0.1〜5質量%であるのがより好ましい。   Of these dosage forms, oral administration is preferable, and the content of the FAT / CD36 inhibitor in the preparation for oral administration containing a GIP elevation inhibitor and the like is usually 0.001 to 100% by mass of the total mass of the preparation. The content is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass.

また、本発明のGIP上昇抑制剤等を食品の有効成分として配合して用いる場合、一般食品のほか、肥満の発症可能性の低下、予防や改善、食後の消化促進や胃もたれの改善をコンセプトとし、必要に応じてその旨表示した美容食品、病者用食品、栄養機能食品又は特定保健用食品等の機能性食品に応用できる。   In addition, when using the GIP elevation inhibitor of the present invention as an active ingredient in foods, in addition to general foods, the concept is to reduce the possibility of developing obesity, prevent or improve obesity, promote post-meal digestion, and improve stomach sag If necessary, it can be applied to functional foods such as beauty foods, foods for the sick, functional nutritional foods or foods for specified health use.

本発明のGIP上昇抑制剤等を食品の有効成分として用いる場合、当該食品の形態は、固形、半固形または液状であり得る。食品の例としては、パン類、麺類、クッキー等の菓子類、ゼリー類、乳製品、冷凍食品、インスタント食品、でんぷん加工製品、加工肉製品、その他加工食品、コーヒー飲料等の飲料、スープ類、調味料、栄養補助食品等、及びそれらの原料が挙げられる。また、上記の経口投与製剤と同様、錠剤形態、丸剤形態、カプセル形態、液剤形態、シロップ形態、粉末形態、顆粒形態等であってもよい。   When the GIP elevation inhibitor of the present invention is used as an active ingredient of a food, the form of the food can be solid, semi-solid or liquid. Examples of food include confectionery such as breads, noodles, cookies, jelly, dairy products, frozen foods, instant foods, processed starch products, processed meat products, other processed foods, coffee beverages, soups, Examples include seasonings, dietary supplements, and the like, and raw materials thereof. Further, like the above-mentioned oral administration preparation, it may be in tablet form, pill form, capsule form, liquid form, syrup form, powder form, granule form and the like.

種々の形態の食品を調製するには、GIP上昇抑制剤等を単独で、又は他の食品材料や、溶剤、軟化剤、油、乳化剤、防腐剤、香科、安定剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、保湿剤、増粘剤等を適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。   To prepare various forms of food, GIP elevation inhibitor alone or other food materials, solvents, softeners, oils, emulsifiers, preservatives, fragrances, stabilizers, colorants, UV absorption An agent, an antioxidant, a humectant, a thickener and the like can be used in appropriate combination.

また、GIP上昇抑制剤等を含む食品中におけるFAT/CD36阻害剤の含有量は、その使用形態により異なるが、通常、飲料の形態では、通常0.001〜20質量%であり、0.01〜10質量%が好ましく、0.1〜5質量%がより好ましい。また、錠剤や加工食品などの固形食品形態では、通常0.001〜100質量%であり、0.01〜20質量%が好ましく、0.1〜5質量%がより好ましい。   Further, the content of the FAT / CD36 inhibitor in the food containing the GIP elevation inhibitor and the like varies depending on the use form, but is usually 0.001 to 20% by mass in the form of a beverage, and 0.01 10 mass% is preferable, and 0.1-5 mass% is more preferable. Moreover, in solid food forms, such as a tablet and processed food, it is 0.001-100 mass% normally, 0.01-20 mass% is preferable, and 0.1-5 mass% is more preferable.

上記製剤の投与量は、患者の状態、体重、性別、年齢又はその他の要因に従って変動し得るが、経口投与の場合の成人1人当たりの1日の投与量は、通常、FAT/CD36阻害剤として0.1〜20gが好ましい。また、上記製剤は、任意の投与計画に従って投与され得るが、1日1回〜数回に分けて投与することが好ましい。   The dosage of the formulation may vary according to the patient's condition, weight, sex, age or other factors, but the daily dosage per adult for oral administration is usually as a FAT / CD36 inhibitor 0.1-20g is preferable. Moreover, although the said formulation can be administered according to arbitrary administration schedules, it is preferable to administer once to several times a day.

実施例1 K細胞におけるFAT/CD36の発現
(1)方法
C57BL/6Jマウス(雄)(日本クレア)より採取した十二指腸を4% Paraformaldehyde水溶液で固定後、凍結切片を作製し、免疫染色を行った。
GIPおよびFAT/CD36における抗体を用いて二重蛍光染色を行い、K細胞におけるFAT/CD36の発現を検討した。一次抗体として、GIPの抗体にはRabbit anti−GIP(porcine) serum(Peninsula製)を用いた。また、FAT/CD36の抗体にはGoat anti−CD36(human)IgG(Santa Cruz製)を用いた。また二次抗体にはAlexa Fluor 488 Donkey Anti−Rabbit IgG (Invitrogen製)、Alexa Fluor 568 Donkey Anti−goat IgG,(Invitrogen製)を用いた。常法に従い、4% Paraformaldehyde水溶液において4℃にて10分間固定し、PBS洗浄後、一次抗体(100倍ブロッキング液:10% Donkey Serum in PBS)において室温で3時間反応させた。再度PBS洗浄した後、二次抗体(500倍ブロッキング液)を室温で1時間反応させ、PBS洗浄後、Prolong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen製)にて核染色および封入し、顕微鏡下で観察した(405nm、488nm、568nmのレーザー使用)。
Example 1 FAT / CD36 expression in K cells (1) Method The duodenum collected from C57BL / 6J mice (male) (Claire Japan) was fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde aqueous solution, frozen sections were prepared, and immunostaining was performed. .
Double fluorescence staining was performed using antibodies in GIP and FAT / CD36 to examine the expression of FAT / CD36 in K cells. As a primary antibody, Rabbit anti-GIP (porcine) serum (manufactured by Peninsula) was used as the GIP antibody. Further, Goat anti-CD36 (human) IgG (manufactured by Santa Cruz) was used as the FAT / CD36 antibody. As secondary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488 Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (manufactured by Invitrogen) and Alexa Fluor 568 Donkey Anti-goat IgG, (manufactured by Invitrogen) were used. According to a conventional method, the solution was fixed in 4% Paraformaldehyde aqueous solution at 4 ° C. for 10 minutes, washed with PBS, and reacted with a primary antibody (100-fold blocking solution: 10% Donkey Serum in PBS) at room temperature for 3 hours. After washing again with PBS, the secondary antibody (500-fold blocking solution) was reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After washing with PBS, nuclear staining and encapsulation were performed with Prolong Gold anti-reagent with DAPI (manufactured by Invitrogen) and observed under a microscope. (Use of 405 nm, 488 nm, and 568 nm lasers).

(2)結果
染色像を図1に示した。マウス小腸において、絨毛に存在する細胞の管腔側に連続的にFAT/CD36の発現(赤色染色)が認められた。また、GIP陽性であるK細胞(緑色染色)においてもFAT/CD36の発現が認められた。
(2) Results The stained image is shown in FIG. In the mouse small intestine, FAT / CD36 expression (red staining) was continuously observed on the luminal side of cells present in the villi. In addition, FAT / CD36 expression was also observed in K cells positive for GIP (green staining).

実施例2 FAT/CD36阻害がGIP分泌に及ぼす影響
(1)SSOの製造
0.25 mmolのオレイン酸(Sigma製)、0.25 mmolのN−Hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt(Sigma製)、0.275 mmolのジクロロヘキシルカルボジイミド(Sigma製)を0.5 mlのN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(Sigma製)中で一晩撹拌した。その後、沈殿したジシクロヘキシル尿素をフィルタレーションにより除去し、濾液を3℃で4時間静置した。8倍量の酢酸エチルを添加し、フィルタレーションしてSSOを得た。SSOはナトリウム塩として合成し、収量944.8 mg、収率78%であった。尚、質量及びNMR分析によりSSOの合成を確認した。
Example 2 Effect of FAT / CD36 Inhibition on GIP Secretion (1) Production of SSO 0.25 mmol of oleic acid (manufactured by Sigma), 0.25 mmol of N-Hydroxysulfocimidate sodium salt (manufactured by Sigma), 0.275 mmol Of dichlorocarbodiimide (Sigma) was stirred in 0.5 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide (Sigma) overnight. Thereafter, precipitated dicyclohexylurea was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was allowed to stand at 3 ° C. for 4 hours. Eight times the amount of ethyl acetate was added and filtered to obtain SSO. SSO was synthesized as a sodium salt, yield 944.8 mg, yield 78%. The synthesis of SSO was confirmed by mass and NMR analysis.

(2)方法
17時間絶食した10〜11週令のSD系ラット(雄)(日本クレア)を7%ウレタン+1.5%抱水クロラールで麻酔下、37℃保温パット上で開腹し、胃幽門より十二指腸にカニューレを挿入した。試験群には37℃の合成した200μM SSOを0.2%BSA(Sigma製)を含むKrebs−Ringer液(Sigma製)に溶解したSSO液、対照群にはKrebs−Ringer液(0.2%BSA)を流速3mL/hで60分間還流した。その後、尾静脈より初期採血を行い、引き続き、10%トリオレイン乳剤(0.2%卵黄レシチン(和光純薬工業(株))で乳化)を流速3mL/hで30分還流(脂質負荷量:150mg/rat)した。還流開始から、5、10、30分後に尾静脈より採血を行い、血中GIP量を測定した。血中GIP濃度は、Rat/Mouse GIP(Total)ELISA キット(Linco Research/Millipore co.製)を用いて測定した。
(2) Method 10 to 11-week-old SD rats (male) (CLEA Japan) fasted for 17 hours under anesthesia with 7% urethane + 1.5% chloral hydrate and laparotomy on a 37 ° C. warmed pad. A cannula was inserted into the duodenum from the pylorus. In the test group, the synthesized 200 μM SSO at 37 ° C. was dissolved in Krebs-Ringer solution (manufactured by Sigma) containing 0.2% BSA (manufactured by Sigma), and in the control group, Krebs-Ringer solution (0.2%). BSA) was refluxed at a flow rate of 3 mL / h for 60 minutes. Thereafter, initial blood was collected from the tail vein, and then 10% triolein emulsion (0.2% egg yolk lecithin (emulsified with Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)) was refluxed at a flow rate of 3 mL / h for 30 minutes (lipid loading: 150 mg / rat). Blood samples were collected from the tail vein at 5, 10, and 30 minutes after the start of reflux, and the amount of GIP in the blood was measured. The blood GIP concentration was measured using a Rat / Mouse GIP (Total) ELISA kit (manufactured by Linco Research / Millipore co.).

(3)結果
サンプル還流開始後から30分後までの血中GIP分泌量を図2に示した。なお、群間の統計学的有意差については、対照群に対するt検定を行ない、両側検定でp値が0.05以下の場合には、グラフ上に*を示した。
(3) Results The amount of blood GIP secretion from the start of sample reflux to 30 minutes later is shown in FIG. In addition, about the statistically significant difference between groups, t test with respect to the control group was performed, and when p value was 0.05 or less by two-sided test, * was shown on the graph.

図2の結果から、SSOによりFAT/CD36阻害処理した試験群は、対照群に比べ、乳剤還流開始後30分値において、有意に血中GIP濃度が低かった。この結果から、FAT/CD36阻害剤は、食後GIP上昇抑制効果を有することが分かった。
GIPを分泌するK細胞にFAT/CD36発現が認められたことから、K細胞のFAT/CD36を阻害することがGIP上昇抑制に寄与していると考えられた。
From the results shown in FIG. 2, the test group treated with FAT / CD36 inhibition with SSO had a significantly lower blood GIP concentration at 30 minutes after the start of emulsion reflux than the control group. From this result, it was found that the FAT / CD36 inhibitor has a postprandial GIP increase inhibitory effect.
Since FAT / CD36 expression was observed in K cells secreting GIP, it was thought that inhibiting FAT / CD36 in K cells contributed to suppression of GIP elevation.

Claims (2)

以下の工程(A)〜(D):
(A)FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞に、被験物質を接触させる工程、
(B)当該哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する工程、
(C)上記(B)で測定した発現量を、被験物質をFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質が発現可能な哺乳動物由来の組織又は細胞に接触させない対照群におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量と比較する工程、
(D)上記(C)の結果に基づいて、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を減少させる被験物質をGIP上昇抑制剤として評価又は選択する工程、
を含む、GIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択方法。
The following steps (A) to (D):
(A) a step of bringing a test substance into contact with a mammal-derived tissue or cell capable of expressing the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein;
(B) a step of measuring the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the mammal-derived tissue or cell,
(C) The expression level measured in the above (B) is determined based on the FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / in the control group in which the test substance is not contacted with a tissue or cell derived from a mammal capable of expressing the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein. Comparing with the expression level of CD36 protein;
(D) A step of evaluating or selecting a test substance that decreases the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein as a GIP increase inhibitor based on the result of (C) above,
A method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor.
以下の工程(A)〜(D):
(A)被験物質を非ヒト哺乳動物に投与する工程、
(B)当該非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を測定する工程、
(C)上記(B)で測定した発現量を、被験物質を投与しない対照群の非ヒト哺乳動物から採取した小腸におけるFAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量と比較する工程、
(D)上記(C)の結果に基づいて、FAT/CD36遺伝子又はFAT/CD36蛋白質の発現量を減少させる被験物質をGIP上昇抑制剤として評価又は選択する工程、
を含む、GIP上昇抑制剤の評価又は選択方法。
The following steps (A) to (D):
(A) a step of administering a test substance to a non-human mammal;
(B) a step of measuring the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein in the small intestine collected from the non-human mammal,
(C) a step of comparing the expression level measured in the above (B) with the expression level of FAT / CD36 gene or FAT / CD36 protein in the small intestine collected from a non-human mammal of a control group not administered with the test substance,
(D) A step of evaluating or selecting a test substance that decreases the expression level of the FAT / CD36 gene or the FAT / CD36 protein as a GIP increase inhibitor based on the result of (C) above,
A method for evaluating or selecting a GIP elevation inhibitor.
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