JP5327132B2 - Wear test apparatus and wear test method - Google Patents

Wear test apparatus and wear test method Download PDF

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JP5327132B2
JP5327132B2 JP2010102219A JP2010102219A JP5327132B2 JP 5327132 B2 JP5327132 B2 JP 5327132B2 JP 2010102219 A JP2010102219 A JP 2010102219A JP 2010102219 A JP2010102219 A JP 2010102219A JP 5327132 B2 JP5327132 B2 JP 5327132B2
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spherical member
rotating shaft
test piece
wear
test
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JP2011232156A (en
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澄雄 小寺
英人 中尾
浩之 山本
智生 高山
勝紀 佐藤
直隆 服部
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a test method for conducting wear tests in a point-contact state at a constantly stable revolution speed and contact position without being affected by the material or the surface conditions of a specimen, test conditions, etc. which is capable of evaluating wear resistance with high repeatability. <P>SOLUTION: A wear test apparatus comprises: a first rotation shaft which is driven to rotate by a motor; a second rotation shaft which detachably holds a ball member in cooperation with the first rotation shaft; a specimen holder which holds a specimen; a specimen holder biasing part which biases the specimen holder to the ball member so as to press the specimen to the ball member; and time control means which drives the motor according to a predetermined test time. The first rotation shaft and the second rotation shaft hold the ball member with a load greater than that applied when the specimen presses the ball member and rotate the ball member to abrade a surface of the specimen. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

本発明は，摩耗試験装置及び摩耗試験方法を提供するものであり、特に安価な量産品が流通する鋼球を交換部品として用いることが可能であり、かつ、試験装置の操作に熟練を必要とせず再現性の高い摩耗試験を行うことが可能である摩耗試験装置及び摩耗試験方法を提供するものである。   The present invention provides a wear test apparatus and a wear test method. Particularly, it is possible to use, as a replacement part, a steel ball in which an inexpensive mass-produced product circulates, and it requires skill to operate the test apparatus. A wear test apparatus and a wear test method capable of performing a wear test with high reproducibility are provided.

多くの工業製品で、開発段階または製造工程における品質検査のために、摩耗試験が行われている。摩耗試験の接触形態としては、高面圧になりやすい点接触や線接触の試験が多く行われ、例えば、従来技術として潤滑摩耗試験やマイクロアブレシブ摩耗試験等が行われている。 Many industrial products are subjected to wear testing for quality inspection in the development stage or in the manufacturing process. As the contact form of the wear test, many point contact and line contact tests that are likely to have a high surface pressure are performed. For example, a lubrication wear test and a micro abrasive wear test are performed as conventional techniques.

例えば、特許文献１には、潤滑摩耗試験装置として、回転駆動装置に設置された回転軸の先端に固定されているロール状の回転体に、下部から試験片を押付け、回転体を回転させることで試験片の摩耗を検査する摩耗試験装置が記載されている。 For example, in Patent Document 1, as a lubrication and wear test apparatus, a test piece is pressed from below onto a roll-shaped rotating body fixed to the tip of a rotating shaft installed in a rotary drive device, and the rotating body is rotated. Describes a wear test apparatus for inspecting the wear of a test piece.

また、非特許文献１には、マイクロアブレシブ摩耗試験装置として、図１に示すように、傾斜を持たせて設置された試験片（Specimen）と、回転駆動装置に設置された駆動軸(Drive Shaft)によって鋼球(Rotating sphere)が保持され、それら駆動軸と鋼球の間の摩擦によって、駆動軸の回転が鋼球に伝わり、鋼球を回転させることで、試験片を摩耗させる摩耗試験装置が記載されている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 1, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a micro-abrasive wear test apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, a test piece (Specimen) installed with an inclination and a drive shaft (Drive Shaft) installed in a rotary drive apparatus ) Holds the steel ball (Rotating sphere), the friction between the drive shaft and the steel ball causes the rotation of the drive shaft to be transmitted to the steel ball, and the steel ball rotates to wear the specimen. Is described.

特開昭58-225342号公報（１頁，図2）JP 58-225342 A (1 page, Fig. 2)

1996年発行の学術雑誌Surface and Coatings Technology79巻に記載のL.Lutherford，I.M.Hutchings著「A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular application to coated systems」（231頁〜239頁，図2）"A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular application to coated systems" by L.Lutherford and I.M.Hutchings, published in 1996, published in Journal 79 of Surface and Coatings Technology (pages 231 to 239, Fig. 2)

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された潤滑摩耗試験装置は、回転体の片側のみが回転軸によって支持される状態であるため、荷重が大きいほど、回転軸がたわみ、接触位置が移動してしまう恐れがある。一方、回転体の表面を平坦にし、線接触とした場合、点接触に比べ、接触面積が増加するため、面圧が低下し、試験が長時間になる可能性がある。また、特許文献１に記載のものは、回転体がリング状の特殊形状を有するため、消耗部品である回転体の製造／調達コストが高いといった問題もある。   However, since the lubricating wear test apparatus described in Patent Document 1 is in a state where only one side of the rotating body is supported by the rotating shaft, the larger the load, the more the rotating shaft will bend and the contact position may move. There is. On the other hand, when the surface of the rotator is flattened and line contact is made, the contact area increases as compared to point contact, so that the surface pressure decreases and the test may take a long time. Moreover, the thing of patent document 1 also has the problem that the manufacturing / procurement cost of the rotary body which is a consumable part is high since the rotary body has a ring-shaped special shape.

また、非特許文献１に記載されたマイクロアブレシブ摩耗試験装置は、消耗部品として鋼球を利用可能であるが、鋼球を傾斜を持たせて設置された試験片に載せているだけであるため、鋼球と駆動軸または鋼球と試験片との摩擦によって鋼球の回転数が変動しやすい。例えば、試験片の摩耗中に試験片と鋼球との摩擦係数が変動することによって、鋼球の回転数が変動することが考えられ、試験装置の操作に熟練したものであっても、再現性の高い摩耗試験を行うことが困難であった。   Moreover, although the micro abrasive wear test apparatus described in Non-Patent Document 1 can use a steel ball as a consumable part, the steel ball is only placed on a test piece provided with an inclination. The rotational speed of the steel ball is likely to fluctuate due to the friction between the steel ball and the drive shaft or the steel ball and the test piece. For example, it is conceivable that the rotation speed of the steel ball fluctuates due to the change in the coefficient of friction between the test piece and the steel ball during the wear of the test piece. It was difficult to conduct a high wear test.

本発明は上記問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、試験片の材質、表面状態、または試験条件等に影響されず、点接触状態において、常に安定した回転数及び接触位置で摩耗試験を行い、再現性の高い耐摩耗性評価が可能な摩耗試験装置及び摩耗試験方法を提供する。また、操作が簡易であり、交換部品に安価な鋼球を用いることが可能である摩耗試験装置及び摩耗試験方法を得ることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is not affected by the material, surface state, or test conditions of the test piece, and is always subjected to a wear test at a stable rotational speed and contact position in a point contact state. A wear test apparatus and a wear test method capable of performing wear resistance evaluation with high reproducibility are provided. It is another object of the present invention to provide a wear test apparatus and a wear test method that are simple in operation and that can use inexpensive steel balls for replacement parts.

本発明による摩耗試験装置は、モータにより回転駆動される第１の回転軸と、前記第１の回転軸と協働して球形部材を着脱可能に挟持する第２の回転軸と、試験片を保持する試験片ホルダと、前記試験片ホルダを前記球形部材に向けて付勢することにより、前記試験片を前記球形部材に対して押圧する試験片ホルダ付勢部と、前記モータを設定された試験時間に応じて駆動する時間制御手段とを備え、前記第１の回転軸と前記第２の回転軸は前記試験片が前記球形部材を押圧する荷重よりも大きな荷重にて前記球形部材を挟持して該球形部材を回転させて前記試験片の表面を摩耗させる。   A wear test apparatus according to the present invention includes a first rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor, a second rotating shaft that detachably holds a spherical member in cooperation with the first rotating shaft, and a test piece. A test piece holder to be held, a test piece holder urging portion that presses the test piece against the spherical member by urging the test piece holder toward the spherical member, and the motor is set. Time control means for driving according to a test time, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft sandwich the spherical member with a load larger than a load with which the test piece presses the spherical member. Then, the spherical member is rotated to wear the surface of the test piece.

本発明による摩耗試験装置は、試験片の材質、表面状態、または試験条件等に影響され難く、安定した回転数及び接触位置で摺動し、再現性の高い摩耗試験を行うことができる。   The wear test apparatus according to the present invention is hardly affected by the material, surface condition, test conditions, or the like of the test piece, and can slide at a stable rotational speed and contact position to perform a highly reproducible wear test.

従来のマイクロアブレシブ摩耗試験の模式図である。（K.L.Lutherford，I.M.Hutchings，「A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular application to coated systems」，Surface and Coatings Technology，第79巻，1996年，231頁〜239頁，図2）It is a schematic diagram of the conventional micro abrasive wear test. (K.L.Lutherford, I.M.Hutchings, "A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular application to coated systems", Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 79, 1996, pp. 231-239, Fig. 2) 本発明の実施の形態1による摩耗試験装置を示す断面図である。1 is a cross-sectional view showing a wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 本発明による実施の形態2による摩耗試験装置の要部を示す断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 本発明による実施の形態3による摩耗試験装置の要部を示す断面図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

実施の形態１．
図２は本発明の実施の形態１による摩耗試験装置の断面図である。本実施の形態における摩耗試験装置では、球形部材である鋼球９を第１の回転軸１１及び第２の回転軸１２により着脱可能に挟持し、回転中の鋼球９に試験片１を押し当てて、試験片表面に円形の摩耗痕を生じさせることにより、試験片１の耐摩耗性を評価する。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the wear test apparatus in the present embodiment, a steel ball 9 that is a spherical member is detachably sandwiched between a first rotating shaft 11 and a second rotating shaft 12, and the test piece 1 is pushed against the rotating steel ball 9. The wear resistance of the test piece 1 is evaluated by applying circular wear marks on the surface of the test piece.

図２に示した摩耗試験装置の構成について説明する。試験片１は試験片ホルダ２にて保持され、試験片ホルダ２の下部には、試験片１と鋼球９との間の荷重を計測するためのロードセル３が設けられる。ロードセル３はロードセル受け４により保持され、ロードセル受け４の下側端部は外筒６の貫通穴内に挿入される。当該貫通穴の上側開口部からは、ロードセル受け４の下側端部が挿入され、下側開口部は雌ねじ部となっており，ねじ５が挿入され，ナット８により外筒６に固定される。外筒６の貫通穴の内部において、ロードセル受け４とねじ５との間には、コイルばね７（試験片ホルダ付勢部）が圧縮された状態で挿入され、コイルばね７の反発力によって、ロードセル受け４が上方、即ち、鋼球９に向かって付勢される。試験片ホルダ２は、ロードセル３を介してロードセル受け４により上方へ付勢され、試験片ホルダ２上に載置された試験片１を鋼球９に対して押し付ける。   The configuration of the wear test apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described. The test piece 1 is held by a test piece holder 2, and a load cell 3 for measuring a load between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 is provided below the test piece holder 2. The load cell 3 is held by a load cell receiver 4, and a lower end portion of the load cell receiver 4 is inserted into a through hole of the outer cylinder 6. The lower end portion of the load cell receiver 4 is inserted from the upper opening portion of the through hole, the lower opening portion is a female screw portion, the screw 5 is inserted, and is fixed to the outer cylinder 6 by the nut 8. . Inside the through hole of the outer cylinder 6, a coil spring 7 (test piece holder biasing portion) is inserted in a compressed state between the load cell receiver 4 and the screw 5, and due to the repulsive force of the coil spring 7, The load cell receiver 4 is biased upward, that is, toward the steel ball 9. The test piece holder 2 is urged upward by the load cell receiver 4 via the load cell 3 and presses the test piece 1 placed on the test piece holder 2 against the steel ball 9.

鋼球９は試験片１の上部に配置され、第１の回転軸１１及び第２の回転軸１２により着脱可能に挟持される。更に詳しくは、第１の回転軸１１と第２の回転軸のそれぞれの対向する端部には、鋼球９と同等の曲率を有し鋼球９と勘合する凹部が鋼球９の受け皿として形成されており、鋼球９はこれら回転軸１１と回転軸１２の受け皿により、それら回転軸の軸芯を合わせた状態で挟み込まれる。回転軸１１はモータ１０により回転され、回転軸１２は鋼球９を介して回転軸１１から伝わる回転力により、回転軸１１と同様に回転する。回転軸１１と回転軸１２は、軸受１４と軸受１５によってそれぞれ支承される。   The steel ball 9 is arranged on the upper part of the test piece 1 and is detachably held between the first rotating shaft 11 and the second rotating shaft 12. More specifically, a concave portion that has a curvature equivalent to that of the steel ball 9 and engages with the steel ball 9 is used as a tray for the steel ball 9 at the opposing end portions of the first rotating shaft 11 and the second rotating shaft. The steel balls 9 are formed and sandwiched by the trays of the rotary shaft 11 and the rotary shaft 12 with the axes of the rotary shafts aligned. The rotating shaft 11 is rotated by the motor 10, and the rotating shaft 12 rotates in the same manner as the rotating shaft 11 due to the rotational force transmitted from the rotating shaft 11 through the steel ball 9. The rotating shaft 11 and the rotating shaft 12 are supported by a bearing 14 and a bearing 15, respectively.

回転軸１２は、軸周りにコイルばね１３が巻かれており、このコイルばね１３による軸方向のばね荷重を利用して鋼球９を回転軸１１に押し付ける。このとき、コイルばね１３によるばね荷重は、試験片１が鋼球９を押し付けるときの荷重よりも大きな荷重としている。これにより、試験片１の材質及び摩耗の進行による表面状態の変化により、試験片１と鋼球９の摩擦係数が変化した場合でも、回転軸１１，１２の鋼球９に対する保持力が試験片１と鋼球９との間の摩擦力よりも大きいため、変動する摩擦力に影響されることなく、常に安定した回転数での摩耗試験が可能となる。   A coil spring 13 is wound around the rotary shaft 12, and the steel ball 9 is pressed against the rotary shaft 11 using an axial spring load by the coil spring 13. At this time, the spring load by the coil spring 13 is set to be larger than the load when the test piece 1 presses the steel ball 9. As a result, even when the friction coefficient between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 changes due to the change in the surface condition due to the material of the test piece 1 and the progress of wear, the holding force of the rotating shafts 11 and 12 with respect to the steel ball 9 is maintained. Since it is larger than the frictional force between 1 and the steel ball 9, it is possible to always perform a wear test at a stable rotational speed without being affected by the changing frictional force.

鋼球９に比べ、試験片１の表面の硬度が高く、鋼球９と試験片１の硬度差が大きい場合は、試験片１の表面が摩耗し難いため、試験片１と鋼球９の摺動面に研磨剤１８を塗布することで、試験片１の摩耗を早めることができる。   When the hardness of the surface of the test piece 1 is higher than that of the steel ball 9 and the hardness difference between the steel ball 9 and the test piece 1 is large, the surface of the test piece 1 is not easily worn. By applying the abrasive 18 to the sliding surface, the wear of the test piece 1 can be accelerated.

ロードセル３が計測した荷重は不図示の表示装置に表示される。試験装置の操作者は、この計測値に基づいて、ねじ５の外筒６の貫通穴への挿入量を調整することにより、試験片１が鋼球９を押し付ける荷重を調整することができる。また、モータ１０は回転数制御装置１６、時間制御装置１７によってその回転数および回転時間が制御される。モータ１０の目標回転数および目標回転時間は不図示の入力装置を用いて操作者が回転数制御装置１６、時間制御装置１７に対して入力する。   The load measured by the load cell 3 is displayed on a display device (not shown). The operator of the test apparatus can adjust the load with which the test piece 1 presses the steel ball 9 by adjusting the amount of insertion of the screw 5 into the through hole of the outer cylinder 6 based on this measured value. Further, the rotation speed and rotation time of the motor 10 are controlled by the rotation speed control device 16 and the time control device 17. The target rotational speed and target rotational time of the motor 10 are input to the rotational speed control device 16 and the time control device 17 by an operator using an input device (not shown).

次に図２に示した摩耗試験装置を用いた摩耗試験方法について説明する。まず、コイルばね１３を有する回転軸１２をばね荷重に逆らう方向（図２の紙面右方）へ引くことで、２本の回転軸１１と回転軸１２との間隔を広げる。次に、モータ１０の回転中心に軸芯を合わせた状態で回転軸１１と回転軸１２との間に鋼球９を挿入することで、回転軸１１及び回転軸１２で鋼球９を挟持する。次に、研磨剤１８を鋼球９に塗布すると共に、試験片１を試験片ホルダ２に固定し、ねじ５によって試験片ホルダ２を押し上げ、試験片１を鋼球９の下部に任意の荷重で押付け、ナット８を用いてねじ５を固定する。このときの荷重はロードセル３によって測定される。   Next, a wear test method using the wear test apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described. First, the interval between the two rotating shafts 11 and the rotating shafts 12 is widened by pulling the rotating shaft 12 having the coil springs 13 in the direction against the spring load (to the right in the drawing of FIG. 2). Next, the steel ball 9 is sandwiched between the rotary shaft 11 and the rotary shaft 12 by inserting the steel ball 9 between the rotary shaft 11 and the rotary shaft 12 in a state in which the axis is aligned with the rotation center of the motor 10. . Next, the abrasive 18 is applied to the steel ball 9, the test piece 1 is fixed to the test piece holder 2, the test piece holder 2 is pushed up by the screw 5, and the test piece 1 is placed under the steel ball 9 with an arbitrary load. Then, the screw 5 is fixed using the nut 8. The load at this time is measured by the load cell 3.

このように試験片１と鋼球９を接触させた状態で、モータに接続された回転数制御装置１６と時間制御装置１７を用いて、鋼球９の回転数と試験時間を任意の条件に設定し、試験を開始する。試験後、試験片１の表面に生じた円形の摩耗痕の大きさを測定することで、試験片１の耐摩耗性を定量的に評価することができる。 Thus, with the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 in contact with each other, the rotational speed of the steel ball 9 and the test time are set to arbitrary conditions using the rotational speed control device 16 and the time control device 17 connected to the motor. Set and start the test. After the test, the wear resistance of the test piece 1 can be quantitatively evaluated by measuring the size of the circular wear scar generated on the surface of the test piece 1.

評価対象の試験片１としては、本発明に係る評価方法を適用できるのであれば特別の制限はないが、例えば、家電製品の部品、自動車等の車輌の部品、車輌以外の機械の部品、成形用金型等の成形型、切削工具、冶具等の部品や、耐摩耗性評価において係る部品に相当し得る供試品を挙げることができる。これら試験片１の材料としては、浸炭焼入鋼、高速度工具鋼及びダイス鋼等を挙げることができる。 The test piece 1 to be evaluated is not particularly limited as long as the evaluation method according to the present invention can be applied. For example, parts of home appliances, parts of vehicles such as automobiles, parts of machines other than vehicles, molded parts Examples include a mold such as a metal mold, a part such as a cutting tool and a jig, and a specimen that can correspond to a part related to wear resistance evaluation. Examples of the material of the test piece 1 include carburized and hardened steel, high-speed tool steel, and die steel.

また、試験片１は表面の少なくとも一部に被膜を形成していても、本発明に係る評価方法を適用できるものであれば特別の制限はない。例えば、膜厚さ１〜３μｍ程度で、基材の耐摩耗性を向上させる耐摩耗性膜として基材よりも高硬度な膜が施されていてもよい。耐摩耗性膜としては、例えば、チタン、クロム、アルミニウム、タングステンを含んだ炭化物、窒化物及び炭窒化物や、硬質炭素膜（DLC膜：Diamond-Like-Carbon膜）を挙げることができる。 Moreover, even if the test piece 1 forms the film in at least one part of the surface, if the evaluation method concerning this invention is applicable, there will be no special restriction | limiting. For example, a film having a thickness of about 1 to 3 μm and a hardness higher than that of the substrate may be applied as an abrasion-resistant film that improves the wear resistance of the substrate. Examples of the wear resistant film include carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides containing titanium, chromium, aluminum, and tungsten, and hard carbon films (DLC films: Diamond-Like-Carbon films).

前記炭化物としては、炭化チタン（TiC）、炭化タングステン（WC）を挙げることができる。前記窒化物としては、窒化チタン（TiN）、窒化アルミニウム（AlN）、窒化クロム（CrN）を挙げることができる。炭窒化物の具体例としては炭窒化チタン（TiCN）を挙げることができる。また、これら炭化物、窒化物及び炭窒化物を2以上重ねた被膜であってもよい。多層膜の具体例として、TiC/TiN、AlN/CrN、TiCN/TiCなど、硬質膜を組み合わせたものを挙げることができる。 Examples of the carbide include titanium carbide (TiC) and tungsten carbide (WC). Examples of the nitride include titanium nitride (TiN), aluminum nitride (AlN), and chromium nitride (CrN). Specific examples of the carbonitride include titanium carbonitride (TiCN). Further, a film in which two or more of these carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides are stacked may be used. Specific examples of the multilayer film include a combination of hard films such as TiC / TiN, AlN / CrN, and TiCN / TiC.

鋼球９の材質としては、試験片１の耐摩耗性評価が行えるもの（代表的には金属材料）であればよく、具体的には例としてＳＵＪ２（高炭素クロム鋼）の軸受鋼球を挙げることができる。軸受鋼球は直径、等級等がＪＩＳによって定められているため、精度の高い軸受鋼球を使用することで、軸受鋼球による摩耗支援のバラつきを抑制することができる。例えば、６０等級より精度の高い軸受鋼球を使用することが好ましい。また、鋼球の直径に対しても特別の制限はないが、同じ摺動距離で試験を行う際、直径が小さいほど鋼球の摺動面の摩耗が速く進むので、直径は大きい方が好ましい。 The material of the steel ball 9 may be any material (typically a metal material) that can evaluate the wear resistance of the test piece 1. Specifically, as an example, a bearing steel ball of SUJ2 (high carbon chromium steel) is used. Can be mentioned. Since the diameter, grade, etc. of the bearing steel ball are determined by JIS, it is possible to suppress variations in wear support due to the bearing steel ball by using a highly accurate bearing steel ball. For example, it is preferable to use a bearing steel ball with higher accuracy than 60 grade. Also, there is no special restriction on the diameter of the steel ball, but when the test is performed at the same sliding distance, the smaller the diameter, the faster the wear of the sliding surface of the steel ball proceeds, so a larger diameter is preferable. .

試験片１の鋼球９への押し付け荷重、鋼球９の回転数及び試験時間は試験片１の表面に被膜を形成させてなければ、特別の制限はない。一方、被膜を形成させ、被膜の耐摩耗性を評価する場合、基材まで摩耗しないよう、条件を設定する必要がある。
試験片１と鋼球９の摺動面に塗布する研磨剤１８については本発明に係る評価方法を適用できるのであれば特別の制限はないが、例えば、ダイアモンドペーストや、ダイアモンド、立方晶窒化ホウ素及び炭化珪素の粒子を含んだスラリーを挙げることができる。これらの粒径としては、試験片１の耐摩耗性評価に適用できるのであれば特別な制限はないが、例えば、粒径が小さいほど安価で入手できる１μｍ、３μｍを挙げることができる。また、研磨剤１８を塗布する場所は、１ヶ所でも、複数ヶ所でもよい。摺動面に一定間隔で複数ヶ所研磨剤１８を塗布すると、研磨剤１８が摺動面全体に広がりやすくなる。 The pressing load of the test piece 1 on the steel ball 9, the number of revolutions of the steel ball 9, and the test time are not particularly limited unless a film is formed on the surface of the test piece 1. On the other hand, when forming a coating and evaluating the wear resistance of the coating, it is necessary to set conditions so that the substrate is not worn.
The abrasive 18 applied to the sliding surface of the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 is not particularly limited as long as the evaluation method according to the present invention can be applied. For example, diamond paste, diamond, cubic boron nitride And a slurry containing silicon carbide particles. These particle sizes are not particularly limited as long as they can be applied to the abrasion resistance evaluation of the test piece 1, but examples thereof include 1 μm and 3 μm that can be obtained at a lower price as the particle size is smaller. Moreover, the place which apply | coats the abrasive | polishing agent 18 may be one place or multiple places. When the abrasive 18 is applied to the sliding surface at a plurality of intervals, the abrasive 18 is likely to spread over the entire sliding surface.

以上のように、本実施の形態における摩耗試験装置では、モータ１０に設置され、端部に受け皿を有する回転軸１１と、回転軸１１と同様の受け皿を有し、コイルばね１３を巻き付けてある回転軸１２を軸受で支承し、それら回転軸１１、１２を用いて、モータ１０の回転中心に軸芯を合わせつつ、コイルばね１３による試験荷重よりも大きいばね荷重を利用して挟むことによって固定されている鋼球９に、試験片１を押付けつつ、鋼球９を予め定めた回転数で回転させて試験片１表面の１点をすべり摩耗させる。このため、安価な量産品が流通する鋼球９を交換部品として用いることが可能であり、かつ、試験装置の操作に熟練を必要とせずに再現性の高い摩耗試験を行うことが可能である。 As described above, in the wear test apparatus according to the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 11 that is installed in the motor 10 and has a saucer at the end, the saucer similar to the rotating shaft 11, and the coil spring 13 is wound around. The rotary shaft 12 is supported by a bearing, and the rotary shafts 11 and 12 are used to fix the shaft by using a spring load larger than the test load of the coil spring 13 while aligning the shaft center with the rotation center of the motor 10. While pressing the test piece 1 against the steel ball 9, the steel ball 9 is rotated at a predetermined number of revolutions to cause one point on the surface of the test piece 1 to slide and wear. For this reason, it is possible to use a steel ball 9 in which inexpensive mass-produced products are distributed as a replacement part, and it is possible to perform a highly reproducible wear test without requiring skill in operation of the test apparatus. .

特に、この構成により、鋼球９の回転数は、試験片１の材質や、摩耗の進行による表面状態の変化によって、試験片１と鋼球９との摩擦係数が変化した場合でも、回転軸１１，１２による鋼球９を保持する力が試験片１と鋼球９の間の摩擦力よりも大きくなるため、試験片１と鋼球９の摩擦係数の変化に影響されることなく、常に安定した回転数での摩耗試験を行うことが可能となる。さらに、鋼球９は両端で支持されているため、回転軸の曲げ剛性が強くなり、試験中に試験片１と鋼球９の接触位置がずれることなく、安定した接触位置での摩耗試験が可能となる。このように、安定した回転数及び接触位置で摩耗試験を行うことができるため、再現性の高い摩耗評価が可能となる。 In particular, with this configuration, the rotational speed of the steel ball 9 can be adjusted even if the friction coefficient between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 changes due to changes in the material of the test piece 1 and the surface condition due to the progress of wear. Since the force for holding the steel ball 9 by 11 and 12 is larger than the friction force between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9, it is always not affected by the change in the friction coefficient between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9. It becomes possible to perform a wear test at a stable rotational speed. Furthermore, since the steel ball 9 is supported at both ends, the bending rigidity of the rotating shaft is increased, and the contact position between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 is not shifted during the test, and a wear test at a stable contact position can be performed. It becomes possible. As described above, since the wear test can be performed at a stable rotational speed and contact position, wear evaluation with high reproducibility is possible.

また、本実施の形態における摩耗試験装置では、モータ１０の回転時間を制御する時間制御装置１７を備え、予め設定した時間試験を行うと自動的にモータ１０が止まるので、試験時間を正確に制御できるため、試験時間による摩耗試験の結果のばらつきが抑制され、より再現性の高い摩耗評価を行うことが可能となる。   In addition, the wear test apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a time control device 17 that controls the rotation time of the motor 10, and the motor 10 is automatically stopped when a preset time test is performed. Therefore, the test time is accurately controlled. Therefore, variation in the results of the wear test depending on the test time is suppressed, and wear evaluation with higher reproducibility can be performed.

また、本実施の形態における摩耗試験方法においては、コイルばね１３を有した回転軸１２を引くことで、２本の回転軸１１，１２の間隔を広げ、モータ１０の回転中心に軸芯を合わせた状態で、回転軸１１と１２の間に鋼球９を挿入し、コイルばね１３のばね荷重によって鋼球９を回転軸１１と１２で挟み込むことで、鋼球９を回転軸１１，１２に対して固定する。そのため、比較的に簡易な操作で、摩耗した鋼球９の交換が可能となる。   Further, in the wear test method according to the present embodiment, by pulling the rotating shaft 12 having the coil spring 13, the interval between the two rotating shafts 11, 12 is widened and the shaft core is aligned with the rotation center of the motor 10. In this state, the steel ball 9 is inserted between the rotary shafts 11 and 12, and the steel ball 9 is sandwiched between the rotary shafts 11 and 12 by the spring load of the coil spring 13, so that the steel ball 9 is attached to the rotary shafts 11 and 12. Fix against. Therefore, the worn steel ball 9 can be replaced with a relatively simple operation.

特に、上述の手順で評価を行うことによって、常に安定した回転数及び接触位置で、予め定めた距離を正確にすべり摩耗させることができため、同条件で作製した異なる試験片で、良好な感度が求められる場合に対しても、耐摩耗性の評価を行うことが可能となる。また、試験片１と鋼球９の摺動面に塗布される研磨剤１８により、試験片１の硬度が鋼球９よりも高い場合でも、短時間での評価が可能となる。   In particular, by performing the evaluation according to the above-described procedure, it is possible to accurately slide and wear a predetermined distance at a stable rotational speed and contact position at all times. It is possible to evaluate the wear resistance even in the case where is required. Moreover, even when the hardness of the test piece 1 is higher than that of the steel ball 9, the abrasive 18 applied to the sliding surfaces of the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 enables evaluation in a short time.

実施の形態２．
図３は本発明の実施の形態２による摩耗試験装置の部分断面図である。本実施の形態における摩耗試験装置では、鋼球９と回転軸１２の間にゴム１９を介在させており、その他の点は実施の形態１と同様である。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the wear test apparatus in the present embodiment, a rubber 19 is interposed between the steel ball 9 and the rotating shaft 12, and the other points are the same as in the first embodiment.

図２の回転軸１１及び１２による鋼球９の保持力は、試験荷重よりも大きいため、鋼球９の回転数は試験片１と鋼球９の間の摩擦力の影響を受けにくくなっている。図３のように回転軸１２と鋼球９の間にゴム１９を介在させることで、鋼球９と回転軸１１、１２との間の摩擦力がより大きくなるため、鋼球９の保持力が大きくなり、より試験片１と鋼球９の間の摩擦力に影響されなくなる。   Since the holding force of the steel ball 9 by the rotating shafts 11 and 12 in FIG. 2 is larger than the test load, the rotation speed of the steel ball 9 is less affected by the frictional force between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9. Yes. Since the rubber 19 is interposed between the rotating shaft 12 and the steel ball 9 as shown in FIG. 3, the frictional force between the steel ball 9 and the rotating shafts 11 and 12 becomes larger. Becomes larger and is less influenced by the frictional force between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9.

実施の形態３．
図４は本発明の実施の形態３による摩耗試験装置の部分断面図である。本実施の形態における摩耗試験装置では、実施の形態１において試験片１と鋼球９との摺動部に塗布した研磨剤１８を塗布していない。評価対象の試験片１の硬度が鋼球９と同等程度，もしくは同等以下であれば、時間は要するが研磨剤１８を塗布しなくとも試験片１を摩耗させ、摩耗試験をすることが可能である。 Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a wear test apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the wear test apparatus in the present embodiment, the abrasive 18 applied to the sliding portion between the test piece 1 and the steel ball 9 in the first embodiment is not applied. If the hardness of the test piece 1 to be evaluated is about the same as or less than that of the steel ball 9, it takes time, but it is possible to wear the test piece 1 without applying the abrasive 18 and perform a wear test. is there.

１ 試験片、２ 試験片ホルダ、３ ロードセル、４ ロードセル受け、５ ねじ、６ 外筒、７ コイルばね、８ ナット、９ 鋼球、１０ モータ、１１ 回転軸、１２ 回転軸、１３ コイルばね、１４ 軸受、１５ 軸受、１６ 回転数制御装置、１７ 時間制御装置、１８ 研磨剤、１９ ゴム。   1 Test piece, 2 Test piece holder, 3 Load cell, 4 Load cell receiver, 5 Screw, 6 Outer cylinder, 7 Coil spring, 8 Nut, 9 Steel ball, 10 Motor, 11 Rotating shaft, 12 Rotating shaft, 13 Coil spring, 14 Bearing, 15 Bearing, 16 Speed controller, 17 hour controller, 18 Abrasive, 19 Rubber.

Claims (7)

モータにより回転駆動される第１の回転軸と、
前記第１の回転軸と協働して球形部材を着脱可能に挟持する第２の回転軸と、
試験片を保持する試験片ホルダと、
前記試験片ホルダを前記球形部材に向けて付勢することにより、前記試験片を前記球形部材に対して押圧する試験片ホルダ付勢部と、
前記モータを設定された試験時間に応じて駆動する時間制御手段とを備え、
前記第１の回転軸と前記第２の回転軸は前記試験片が前記球形部材を押圧する荷重よりも大きな荷重にて前記球形部材を挟持して該球形部材を回転させて前記試験片の表面を摩耗させることを特徴とする摩耗試験装置。 A first rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor;
A second rotating shaft for removably holding the spherical member in cooperation with the first rotating shaft;
A specimen holder for holding the specimen;
A test piece holder urging portion that presses the test piece against the spherical member by urging the test piece holder toward the spherical member;
A time control means for driving the motor according to a set test time,
The first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft sandwich the spherical member with a load larger than the load with which the test piece presses the spherical member, and rotate the spherical member to rotate the surface of the test piece. A wear test apparatus characterized in that a wear is made. 前記第２の回転軸は、前記第１の回転軸に対して球形部材を付勢することにより、前記第１の回転軸と協働して前記球形部材を着脱可能に挟持することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The second rotating shaft biases the spherical member with respect to the first rotating shaft, thereby detachably holding the spherical member in cooperation with the first rotating shaft. The wear test apparatus according to claim 1. 前記球形部材はJIS規格により直径及び等級が定められた軸受鋼球であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The wear test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spherical member is a bearing steel ball having a diameter and a grade defined by JIS standards. 前記試験片の表面は前記球形部材よりも硬度が大きい耐摩耗性膜が施され、前記球形部材は研磨剤が塗布されることを特徴とする請求項1〜３のいずれか１項に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The surface of the test piece is provided with an abrasion-resistant film having a hardness higher than that of the spherical member, and the spherical member is coated with an abrasive. Wear test equipment. 前記第１または前記第２の回転軸は、前記球形部材側の端部に、前記球形部材と勘合する凹部を有することを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The wear test according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first or second rotating shaft has a concave portion that engages with the spherical member at an end portion on the spherical member side. apparatus. 前記第２の回転軸の前記凹部と前記球形部材との間に、ゴムを介在させることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の摩耗試験装置。   The wear test apparatus according to claim 5, wherein rubber is interposed between the concave portion of the second rotating shaft and the spherical member. モータにより回転駆動される第１の回転軸と前記第１の回転軸と協働して球形部材を着脱可能に挟持する第２の回転軸との間に球形部材を挟持するとともに、試験片ホルダに試験片ホルダを保持し、前記試験片ホルダを試験片ホルダ付勢部により前記球形部材に向けて付勢することにより、前記試験片を前記球形部材に対して押圧し、前記モータを設定された試験時間に応じて駆動する摩耗試験方法であって、前記第１の回転軸と前記第２の回転軸は前記試験片が前記球形部材を押圧する荷重よりも大きな荷重にて前記球形部材を挟持して該球形部材を回転させて前記試験片の表面を摩耗させることを特徴とする摩耗試験方法。   The spherical member is sandwiched between a first rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a motor and a second rotating shaft that removably clamps the spherical member in cooperation with the first rotating shaft, and a specimen holder Holding the test piece holder, and urging the test piece holder toward the spherical member by the test piece holder urging portion, thereby pressing the test piece against the spherical member and setting the motor. A wear test method for driving according to a test time, wherein the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are configured to load the spherical member with a load larger than a load with which the test piece presses the spherical member. A wear test method comprising: sandwiching and rotating the spherical member to wear the surface of the test piece.
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