JP5321224B2 - Rolling bearing - Google Patents

Rolling bearing Download PDF

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JP5321224B2
JP5321224B2 JP2009106468A JP2009106468A JP5321224B2 JP 5321224 B2 JP5321224 B2 JP 5321224B2 JP 2009106468 A JP2009106468 A JP 2009106468A JP 2009106468 A JP2009106468 A JP 2009106468A JP 5321224 B2 JP5321224 B2 JP 5321224B2
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lubricating oil
absorber
inner ring
cage
rolling bearing
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JP2010255744A (en
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武史 中村
勝敬 津村
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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Description

本発明は、工作機械の回転軸等といった高速回転する回転軸を支持するために用いられる転がり軸受に関する。   The present invention relates to a rolling bearing used to support a rotating shaft that rotates at high speed, such as a rotating shaft of a machine tool.

従来から、高速で回転する工作機械の回転軸等を支持するための転がり軸受には、オイルエア供給装置によって外部からオイルエアが供給され、軸受内部を潤滑(オイルエア潤滑)するものがある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
上記オイルエア潤滑とは、潤滑油と圧縮空気とを混合してなる混合気であるオイルエアを被潤滑部分に供給することで、被潤滑部分に潤滑油を供給して潤滑を行うものである。
Conventionally, some rolling bearings for supporting a rotating shaft of a machine tool rotating at high speed are supplied with oil air from the outside by an oil air supply device and lubricate the inside of the bearing (oil air lubrication) (for example, patents) Reference 1).
In the oil-air lubrication, oil air, which is an air-fuel mixture obtained by mixing lubricating oil and compressed air, is supplied to the lubricated portion, and lubrication is performed by supplying the lubricating oil to the lubricated portion.

特開2004−324811号公報JP 2004-324811 A

上記オイルエア潤滑が行われる転がり軸受において、回転速度が低速の場合に当該転がり軸受の昇温幅が大きくなり、高速の場合に昇温幅が小さくなるという現象が生じる。この現象は、回転速度が低速の場合における潤滑油の撹拌抵抗が、高速の場合と比較して相対的に大きくなり、その撹拌抵抗の差によって、転がり軸受の昇温の態様に差異が生じていると考えられる。   In a rolling bearing in which the oil-air lubrication is performed, a phenomenon occurs in which the temperature rise width of the rolling bearing increases when the rotational speed is low, and the temperature rise width decreases when the rotation speed is high. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the agitation resistance of the lubricating oil is relatively large when the rotational speed is low, compared to the high speed, and the difference in the agitation resistance causes a difference in the temperature rise of the rolling bearing. It is thought that there is.

すなわち、一般に、高速回転域では、各部の回転に伴う遠心力によって軸受内部の潤滑油が外部に排出され易いことに加えて、軌道輪及び保持器等が高速回転することて生じるエアカーテンによって、オイルエア供給装置による軸受内部への潤滑油の供給が阻害されるため、低速回転域の場合と比較して、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が少なくなる。このため、オイルエア供給装置による潤滑油の供給量は、高速回転域において実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量となるように多めに設定されている。この結果、軸受内部への潤滑油供給に対する阻害要因が低い低速回転域では潤滑油が供給過多となり、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量に対して多くなってしまう。この結果、高速回転域と低速回転域との間において、潤滑油の撹拌抵抗に差が生じ、転がり軸受の昇温の態様に差異が生じていると考えられる。   That is, in general, in the high-speed rotation region, in addition to the lubricating oil inside the bearing being easily discharged to the outside due to the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation of each part, the air curtain generated by the high-speed rotation of the race ring and the cage, Since the supply of the lubricating oil into the bearing by the oil / air supply device is hindered, the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing is smaller than in the case of the low-speed rotation region. For this reason, the amount of lubricating oil supplied by the oil / air supply device is set to be large so that the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing becomes an appropriate amount in the high-speed rotation region. As a result, in the low-speed rotation range where the obstruction factor for the supply of the lubricating oil to the inside of the bearing is low, the lubricating oil is excessively supplied, and the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing is increased with respect to an appropriate amount. As a result, it is considered that there is a difference in the agitation resistance of the lubricating oil between the high-speed rotation region and the low-speed rotation region, and there is a difference in the temperature rising mode of the rolling bearing.

したがって、外部の潤滑油供給装置から一定量の潤滑油が供給される上記従来の転がり軸受では、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が、全ての回転速度領域において適切な量に設定できないという問題を有していた。回転速度の変化に対して実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量となっていないと、低速回転域では、上述のように潤滑油の撹拌抵抗の増加によって昇温幅が大きくなる他、回転トルクが増加したり、高速回転域では、潤滑油不足により焼き付きが生じたりする等、転がり軸受の性能を低下させる要因となる。
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、オイルエア潤滑下において、軸受内部を潤滑する際の潤滑油量を、回転速度に応じた適切な量とすることができる転がり軸受を提供することを目的とする。
Therefore, in the conventional rolling bearing in which a certain amount of lubricating oil is supplied from an external lubricating oil supply device, the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing cannot be set to an appropriate amount in all rotational speed regions. Had a problem. If the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing is not an appropriate amount with respect to the change in rotational speed, the temperature rise width increases due to the increase in the stirring resistance of the lubricating oil as described above in the low-speed rotational range. In addition, the rotational torque increases, and in the high-speed rotation range, seizure occurs due to lack of lubricating oil, which causes the performance of the rolling bearing to deteriorate.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a rolling bearing capable of setting the amount of lubricating oil when lubricating the inside of the bearing to an appropriate amount according to the rotational speed under oil-air lubrication. The purpose is to do.

上記目的を達成するための本発明は、内輪と、この内輪の径方向外側に同心に配置された外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に転動自在に介在している複数の転動体と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に配置され前記複数の転動体を保持する環状の保持器と、を備え、前記内輪と前記外輪との間に、オイルエアによって潤滑油が供給される転がり軸受において、前記保持器が、当該保持器の外周に形成された径方向内側に凹む凹部に収容されているとともに、前記潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体と、前記凹部の開口を覆っており、前記保持器の回転によって前記吸収体に遠心力が作用したときに、その遠心力によって前記吸収体から解放される前記潤滑油を通過可能に、前記吸収体を前記凹部内に保持する保持部材と、を備えていることを特徴としている。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically on the radially outer side of the inner ring, and a plurality of rolling elements interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring so as to be freely rollable. A rolling bearing that is disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring and holds the plurality of rolling elements, and in which the lubricating oil is supplied by oil air between the inner ring and the outer ring, It said retainer, together with being accommodated in a recess that is recessed radially inwardly formed on the outer periphery of the cage, and an absorber capable of holding temporarily absorbing the lubricating oil covers the opening of the recess when the centrifugal force to the absorbent body by rotation of the retainer is applied, that holds the lubricating oil to be released from the absorber by the centrifugal force can pass, the absorbent body in the recess coercive A holding member It is characterized.

上記のように構成された転がり軸受によれば、保持器が、凹部に収容され、潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体と、凹部の開口を覆って吸収体を凹部内に保持する、潤滑油が通過可能な保持部材とを備えているので、遠心力が強く作用しない低速回転域では、保持部材を通過して凹部の内部に浸入する潤滑油を、吸収体に一時的に吸収保持させることができ、遠心力が比較的強く作用する高速回転域では、その遠心力によって、吸収体により一時的に吸収保持されている潤滑油を、保持部材を通過させて保持器の外周側に解放することができる。
従って、低速回転域においては、余剰に供給される潤滑油を吸収体により吸収保持できるので、潤滑油量が供給過多となるのを抑制し、実際に軸受内部を潤滑するための潤滑油量を適切な量とすることができる。また、高速回転域においては、吸収体が吸収保持する潤滑油を保持器の外周側に解放することで軸受内部の潤滑に供することができるので、潤滑油が不足し易い高速回転域において軸受内部を潤滑するための潤滑油量を十分なものとでき、好適に潤滑を行うことができる。
以上のように、本発明の転がり軸受によれば、オイルエア潤滑下において、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量を、回転速度に応じた適切な量とすることができる。
According to the rolling bearing configured as described above, the cage is housed in the recess, the absorber capable of temporarily absorbing and holding the lubricating oil, and the absorber is held in the recess by covering the opening of the recess. In the low-speed rotation range where the centrifugal force does not act strongly, the lubricant that passes through the holding member and enters the inside of the recess is temporarily absorbed by the absorber. In the high-speed rotation range where centrifugal force acts relatively strongly, the lubricating oil temporarily absorbed and held by the absorber can be passed through the holding member by the centrifugal force, and the outer peripheral side of the cage Can be released to.
Therefore, in the low-speed rotation range, the excessively supplied lubricating oil can be absorbed and held by the absorber, so that the amount of lubricating oil is suppressed from being excessively supplied, and the amount of lubricating oil for actually lubricating the inside of the bearing is reduced. Appropriate amount can be used. Also, in the high-speed rotation range, the lubricating oil absorbed and retained by the absorber can be released to the outer periphery of the cage to provide lubrication inside the bearing. The amount of lubricating oil for lubricating the oil can be made sufficient, and lubrication can be suitably performed.
As described above, according to the rolling bearing of the present invention, the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing can be set to an appropriate amount according to the rotational speed under oil-air lubrication.

また、本発明は、内輪と、この内輪の径方向外側に同心に配置された外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に転動自在に介在している複数の転動体と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に配置され前記複数の転動体を保持する環状の保持器と、を備え、前記内輪と前記外輪との間に、オイルエアによって潤滑油が供給される転がり軸受において、前記保持器が、当該保持器の外周に形成された径方向内側に凹む凹部に収容されているとともに、前記潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体と、前記凹部の開口を覆って前記吸収体を前記凹部内に保持するとともに、前記潤滑油が通過可能な保持部材と、を備え、前記吸収体は、弾性素材により形成されており、前記吸収体の径方向内側に配置され、前記保持器の回転により生じる遠心力によって当該吸収体を前記保持部材に向けて押圧して当該保持部材を弾性収縮させる押圧部材をさらに備えていることが好ましい。
この場合、遠心力が比較的強く作用する高速回転域では、押圧部材は、吸収体を保持部材に向けて強く押圧するので、弾性素材からなる吸収体を弾性的に収縮変形させ、当該吸収体が吸収している潤滑油を効果的に保持器外周側に解放させることができる。さらに、遠心力が強く作用しない低速回転域では、押圧部材による吸収体への押圧が弱まるので、吸収体を弾性的に膨張させることができ、吸収体に潤滑油を効果的に吸収保持させることができる。
The present invention also provides an inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically on the radially outer side of the inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring so as to be freely rollable, the inner ring and the An annular cage that is disposed between outer rings and holds the plurality of rolling elements, and in the rolling bearing in which lubricating oil is supplied by oil air between the inner ring and the outer ring, the cage includes: An absorber that is housed in a radially indented recess formed on the outer periphery of the retainer and that can absorb and hold the lubricating oil temporarily, and covers the opening of the recess so that the absorber is in the recess A holding member through which the lubricating oil can pass, and the absorber is formed of an elastic material, and is disposed on the radially inner side of the absorber. Due to the centrifugal force generated It is preferred to be pressed toward the body to the holding member further comprises a pressing member for elastically contracting the holding member.
In this case, in the high-speed rotation region where the centrifugal force acts relatively strongly, the pressing member strongly presses the absorber toward the holding member, so that the absorber made of an elastic material is elastically contracted and deformed, and the absorber The lubricating oil absorbed by can be effectively released to the outer peripheral side of the cage. Furthermore, in the low-speed rotation region where the centrifugal force does not act strongly, the pressure on the absorber by the pressing member is weakened, so that the absorber can be elastically expanded, and the absorber can effectively absorb and hold the lubricating oil. Can do.

また、前記保持部材は、環状に形成され、前記保持器の外周面に外嵌固定されているものであってもよい。
この場合、凹部の開口を覆う保持部材を容易に保持器に設けることができる。
Further, the holding member may be formed in an annular shape and externally fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cage.
In this case, a holding member that covers the opening of the recess can be easily provided in the cage.

本発明の転がり軸受によれば、オイルエア潤滑下において、軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量を、回転速度に応じた適切な量とすることができる。   According to the rolling bearing of the present invention, the amount of lubricating oil that lubricates the inside of the bearing can be set to an appropriate amount according to the rotational speed under oil-air lubrication.

本発明の第一の実施形態に係る転がり軸受を用いた工作機械用駆動軸支持装置を示す部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view showing the drive shaft support device for machine tools using the rolling bearing concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. 転がり軸受の保持器を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the holder | retainer of a rolling bearing. 保持器の周方向の部分断面図であり、凹部内部の構成を示している。It is the fragmentary sectional view of the circumferential direction of a holder | retainer, and has shown the structure inside a recessed part. 保持器の凹部に収容された吸収体の態様を説明するための図であり、(a)は転がり軸受が低速回転域で回転している状態、(b)は転がり軸受が高速回転域で回転している状態を示している。It is a figure for demonstrating the aspect of the absorber accommodated in the recessed part of a holder | retainer, (a) is the state in which a rolling bearing is rotating in a low speed rotation area, (b) is a rolling bearing rotating in a high speed rotation area. It shows the state. 本発明の第二の実施形態に係る転がり軸受が有する保持器の周方向の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the circumferential direction of the holder | retainer which the rolling bearing which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention has. 本発明を適用した円筒ころ軸受の保持器を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the holder | retainer of the cylindrical roller bearing to which this invention is applied.

次に、本発明の好ましい実施形態について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の第一の実施形態に係る転がり軸受を用いた工作機械用回転軸支持装置を示す部分断面図である。
図1中、工作機械用駆動軸支持装置1は、工作機械等の回転軸(図示せず)を支持するための装置であり、一対の転がり軸受10と、これら一対の転がり軸受10の間に配置された間座2と、間座2の外周側に配置された潤滑油供給装置3とを備えている。なお、図1では、一対の転がり軸受10の内、一方側のみを拡大して示している。
間座2は、一対の転がり軸受10の軸方向の間隔を規定するための筒状の部材であり、前記駆動軸の外周面に一体回転可能に外嵌固定される。
潤滑油供給装置3は、転がり軸受10に潤滑油を供給するための装置であり、工作機械用駆動軸支持装置1が取り付けられる図示しないハウジング側に固定される。潤滑油供給装置3には、潤滑油と圧縮空気との混合気であるオイルエアを生成する生成装置(図示せず)からのオイルエアが導入される導入路3aと、導入路3aに導入されたオイルエアを転がり軸受10の軸受内部に供給するための供給路3bとが形成されている。潤滑油供給装置3は、供給路3bから潤滑油としてのオイルエアを転がり軸受10の軸受内部に供給する。
Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a rotary shaft support device for a machine tool using a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a machine tool drive shaft support device 1 is a device for supporting a rotating shaft (not shown) of a machine tool or the like, and between a pair of rolling bearings 10 and the pair of rolling bearings 10. The spacer 2 is disposed, and the lubricating oil supply device 3 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the spacer 2. In FIG. 1, only one side of the pair of rolling bearings 10 is shown enlarged.
The spacer 2 is a cylindrical member for defining an axial interval between the pair of rolling bearings 10, and is fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft so as to be integrally rotatable.
The lubricating oil supply device 3 is a device for supplying lubricating oil to the rolling bearing 10 and is fixed to a housing (not shown) to which the machine tool drive shaft support device 1 is attached. The lubricating oil supply device 3 includes an introduction path 3a into which oil air from a generator (not shown) that generates oil air, which is a mixture of lubricating oil and compressed air, and oil air introduced into the introduction path 3a. Is formed in the bearing of the rolling bearing 10. The lubricating oil supply device 3 supplies oil air as lubricating oil from the supply path 3 b to the inside of the rolling bearing 10.

転がり軸受10は、前記駆動軸に一体回転可能に外嵌される内輪11と、この内輪の径方向外側に同心に配置された外輪12と、内輪11及び外輪12の間に配置された複数の転動体としての複数の玉13と、内輪11及び外輪12の間に配置され複数の玉13を保持する環状の保持器20とを備えている。   The rolling bearing 10 includes an inner ring 11 that is externally fitted to the drive shaft so as to be integrally rotatable, an outer ring 12 that is concentrically disposed radially outward of the inner ring, and a plurality of inner rings 11 and outer rings 12 that are disposed between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12. A plurality of balls 13 as rolling elements and an annular cage 20 that is disposed between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12 and holds the plurality of balls 13 are provided.

内輪11は、軸受鋼や機械構造用合金鋼等を用いて形成された環状部材であり、外周面には複数の玉13が転動する内輪軌道11aが形成されている。
外輪12も内輪11と同様、軸受鋼や機械構造用合金鋼等を用いて形成された環状部材であり、内周面には複数の玉13が転動する外輪軌道12aが形成されている。
複数の玉13は、軸受鋼等を用いて形成された部材であり、内外輪11,12それぞれの軌道11a,12aの間に転動自在に介在している。玉13は、ラジアル方向に対して所定の角度をもって内輪軌道11a及び外輪軌道12aに接触しており、転がり軸受10は、アンギュラ玉軸受を構成している。
The inner ring 11 is an annular member formed using bearing steel, machine structural alloy steel, or the like, and an inner ring raceway 11a on which a plurality of balls 13 roll is formed on the outer peripheral surface.
Similarly to the inner ring 11, the outer ring 12 is an annular member formed using bearing steel, machine structural alloy steel, or the like, and an outer ring raceway 12a on which a plurality of balls 13 roll is formed on the inner peripheral surface.
The plurality of balls 13 are members formed using bearing steel or the like, and are interposed between the raceways 11a and 12a of the inner and outer rings 11 and 12 so as to roll freely. The balls 13 are in contact with the inner ring raceway 11a and the outer ring raceway 12a at a predetermined angle with respect to the radial direction, and the rolling bearing 10 constitutes an angular ball bearing.

潤滑油供給装置3から供給されるオイルエアは、内輪11と外輪12との間に導入され、各軌道11a,11bと、玉13との間や、保持器20と、内外輪11,12との間等、各摺動部分でオイルエア潤滑が行われる。   Oil air supplied from the lubricating oil supply device 3 is introduced between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12, and between each track 11 a, 11 b and the ball 13, between the cage 20 and the inner and outer rings 11, 12. Oil-air lubrication is performed at each sliding part, for example.

図2は、転がり軸受の保持器を示す斜視図である。図2及び図1を参照して、保持器20は、合成樹脂等を用いて環状に形成された部材であり、周方向に複数の玉13それぞれを保持するための複数のポケット20aが周方向に等間隔に形成されている。保持器20は、各ポケット20aによって各玉13を保持することで、内外輪11,12の間で複数の玉13それぞれが周方向に等間隔となるように保持している。
また、保持器20の外周面20bには、径方向内側に凹む凹部21が複数箇所形成されている。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cage of the rolling bearing. 2 and 1, the retainer 20 is a member formed in a ring shape using a synthetic resin or the like, and a plurality of pockets 20 a for holding the plurality of balls 13 in the circumferential direction are provided in the circumferential direction. Are formed at equal intervals. The cage 20 holds the balls 13 by the pockets 20a, thereby holding the balls 13 between the inner and outer rings 11 and 12 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
In addition, a plurality of recesses 21 that are recessed radially inward are formed on the outer peripheral surface 20 b of the cage 20.

本実施形態において、凹部21は、保持器20の外周面20bにおける軸方向両端部に一対ずつ、周方向に等間隔に四箇所形成されている。また、各凹部21は、それぞれ、保持器20において互いに隣接しているポケット20aの間の柱部20cに対応する周方向位置に形成されている。   In the present embodiment, the recesses 21 are formed in four locations at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, one pair at both ends in the axial direction on the outer circumferential surface 20 b of the cage 20. In addition, each recess 21 is formed at a circumferential position corresponding to the column portion 20 c between the pockets 20 a adjacent to each other in the cage 20.

図3は、保持器の周方向の部分断面図であり、凹部内部の構成を示している。
各凹部21の内部には、潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体22と、この吸収体22を押圧するための押圧板23とが収容されている。また、各凹部21には、その開口を覆うことで、吸収体22及び押圧板23を凹部21内に保持している保持部材24が設けられている。すなわち、保持器20は、各凹部21に収容された吸収体22及び押圧板23と、各凹部21の開口を覆う保持部材24とを備えている。
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cage in the circumferential direction and shows the configuration inside the recess.
Housed in each recess 21 is an absorber 22 capable of temporarily absorbing and holding lubricating oil, and a pressing plate 23 for pressing the absorber 22. Each recess 21 is provided with a holding member 24 that holds the absorber 22 and the pressing plate 23 in the recess 21 by covering the opening. That is, the cage 20 includes an absorber 22 and a pressing plate 23 accommodated in each recess 21 and a holding member 24 that covers the opening of each recess 21.

凹部21は、矩形状に開口して周方向に延びる溝状に形成されており、上述のように、内部に吸収体22及び押圧板23を収容している。
凹部21の開口を覆っている保持部材24は、フッ素樹脂等の合成樹脂からなる網状の部材を凹部21の開口に合わせて形成したものであり、そのメッシュサイズは、潤滑油が通過可能な程度のサイズとされている。このため、潤滑油は、保持部材24を通過して、凹部21の内部に浸入することができる。保持部材24は、保持器20に対して融着され、強固に固定されている。
また、保持部材24は、その外側面24aが保持器20の外周面20bよりも内周側に位置するように固定されている。このため、保持部材24は、外輪12の内周面と直接的に摺接することがなく、保持部材24自身が摩耗するのを防止できる。
The concave portion 21 is formed in a groove shape that opens in a rectangular shape and extends in the circumferential direction, and accommodates the absorber 22 and the pressing plate 23 therein as described above.
The holding member 24 covering the opening of the concave portion 21 is formed by forming a net-like member made of a synthetic resin such as a fluororesin in accordance with the opening of the concave portion 21, and the mesh size is such that lubricating oil can pass through. It is said that the size. For this reason, the lubricating oil can pass through the holding member 24 and enter the recess 21. The holding member 24 is fused to the cage 20 and is firmly fixed.
Further, the holding member 24 is fixed so that the outer side surface 24 a is positioned on the inner peripheral side of the outer peripheral surface 20 b of the cage 20. For this reason, the holding member 24 does not directly contact the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 12 and can prevent the holding member 24 itself from being worn.

吸収体22は、弾性を有する多孔質な素材、例えば合成樹脂製のスポンジを凹部21内部に収まる程度の大きさの直方体状に形成した部材であり、一時的に潤滑油を吸収保持可能である。また、吸収体22は、径方向外側となる外側面22aが保持部材24の内側面24bに接触した状態で配置されている。
押圧板23は、合成樹脂あるいは金属製の板状の部材であり、吸収体22の径方向内側の内側面22bと、凹部21の底面21aとの間に介在して配置されている。押圧板23は、転がり軸受10の回転に応じて保持器20が回転したときに、遠心力の作用によって、凹部21の底面21aから離間し、吸収体22を保持部材24に向けて押圧し、弾性的に収縮変形させる。
押圧板23は、転がり軸受10が高速回転域で回転しそれに伴って保持器20が回転するときの遠心力によって、吸収体22が保持する潤滑油を解放する程度に当該吸収体22を十分に収縮変形させる。なお、以下の説明における「遠心力」とは、転がり軸受10の回転に応じて回転する保持器20による遠心力を指すものとする。
The absorber 22 is a member in which a porous material having elasticity, for example, a sponge made of synthetic resin, is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped size so as to fit inside the recess 21 and can temporarily absorb and hold lubricating oil. . Further, the absorber 22 is arranged in a state in which the outer side surface 22 a that is radially outward is in contact with the inner side surface 24 b of the holding member 24.
The pressing plate 23 is a plate member made of synthetic resin or metal, and is disposed between the inner side surface 22 b on the radially inner side of the absorber 22 and the bottom surface 21 a of the recess 21. When the retainer 20 rotates according to the rotation of the rolling bearing 10, the pressing plate 23 is separated from the bottom surface 21 a of the recess 21 by the action of centrifugal force, and presses the absorber 22 toward the holding member 24. Elastically contracts and deforms.
The pressing plate 23 sufficiently absorbs the absorber 22 to such an extent that the lubricating oil held by the absorber 22 is released by centrifugal force when the rolling bearing 10 rotates in the high-speed rotation region and the cage 20 rotates accordingly. Shrink and deform. Note that “centrifugal force” in the following description refers to centrifugal force generated by the cage 20 that rotates in accordance with the rotation of the rolling bearing 10.

ここで、具体的に高速回転域とは、例えば、転がり軸受10のdmn値((軸受内径+軸受外径)÷2×回転速度(rpm))が、100万以上である場合をいい、押圧板23の重量は、dmn値100万以上で転がり軸受10が回転しているときの遠心力によって、吸収体22を十分に収縮変形させるのに必要な押圧力が得られる程度の値に設定されている。
したがって、押圧板23は、dmn値100万以上の高速回転域になると、吸収体22が潤滑油を解放する程度に吸収体22の収縮変形を開始する。また、dmn値が100万よりも小さい低速回転域となると、押圧板23は、作用する遠心力が弱まることで、潤滑油を解放する程度に吸収体22を収縮変形させない。
Here, specifically, the high-speed rotation region means, for example, a case where the dmn value ((bearing inner diameter + bearing outer diameter) / 2 × rotational speed (rpm)) of the rolling bearing 10 is 1 million or more, The weight of the plate 23 is set to such a value that a pressing force necessary for sufficiently contracting and deforming the absorber 22 can be obtained by centrifugal force when the rolling bearing 10 is rotating with a dmn value of 1 million or more. ing.
Therefore, when the pressing plate 23 enters a high-speed rotation range having a dmn value of 1 million or more, the absorber 22 starts to contract and deform to such an extent that the absorber 22 releases the lubricating oil. Further, when the dmn value becomes a low speed rotation region smaller than 1,000,000, the pressing plate 23 does not contract and deform the absorber 22 to the extent that the lubricating oil is released due to weakening of the acting centrifugal force.

次に、転がり軸受10が回転したときの吸収体の態様について説明する。
図4は、保持器の凹部に収容された吸収体の態様を説明するための図であり、(a)は転がり軸受が低速回転域で回転している状態、(b)は転がり軸受が高速回転域で回転している状態を示している。
Next, the aspect of an absorber when the rolling bearing 10 rotates is demonstrated.
4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the mode of the absorber accommodated in the concave portion of the cage, in which FIG. 4A is a state in which the rolling bearing is rotating in a low-speed rotation region, and FIG. It shows a state of rotating in the rotation range.

まず、転がり軸受10が低速回転域で回転している場合について説明する。図4(a)において、転がり軸受10が低速回転域で回転しているため、押圧板23は、上述のように、吸収体22を十分に収縮変形させることができる程度に押圧しない。このため、吸収体22は、ほぼ変形していない状態で、保持部材24及び押圧板23に接している。   First, the case where the rolling bearing 10 is rotating in the low speed rotation region will be described. In FIG. 4A, since the rolling bearing 10 is rotating in the low-speed rotation region, the pressing plate 23 does not press to the extent that the absorber 22 can sufficiently contract and deform as described above. For this reason, the absorber 22 is in contact with the holding member 24 and the pressing plate 23 in a substantially undeformed state.

ここで、保持部材24は、潤滑油を通過させるので、潤滑油供給装置3によりオイルエアとして供給される潤滑油が保持器20の外周面20bに達すると、その潤滑油は、保持部材24を通過して、凹部21の内部に浸入する。
凹部21の内部に位置する吸収体22は、ほぼ変形していない状態であるため、凹部21の内部に潤滑油が浸入して吸収体22の表面に接すると、吸収体22は、この潤滑油を吸収し保持する。
Here, since the holding member 24 allows the lubricating oil to pass therethrough, when the lubricating oil supplied as oil air by the lubricating oil supply device 3 reaches the outer peripheral surface 20b of the cage 20, the lubricating oil passes through the holding member 24. Then, it enters the inside of the recess 21.
Since the absorber 22 located inside the recess 21 is substantially undeformed, when the lubricant enters the recess 21 and contacts the surface of the absorber 22, the absorber 22 Absorb and retain.

なお、遠心力は潤滑油にも作用するので、潤滑油が凹部21の内部に浸入するのを阻止されることが考えられる。しかし、転がり軸受10は低速回転域で回転しているので、保持器20も低速回転域で回転しており、その遠心力は強く作用しない。このため、潤滑油は、遠心力に阻止されることなく、凹部21の内部に浸入することができる。
さらに、潤滑油を保持した吸収体22及び押圧板23に対しても、遠心力は作用するので、吸収体22の自重あるいは押圧板23によって吸収体22が保持部材24に押し付けられて吸収保持している潤滑油を解放したり、潤滑油自身に遠心力が作用して吸収体22から解放されることが考えられるが、上述したように、低速回転域では、押圧板23が吸収体22を十分に収縮変形しないように、押圧板23の重量を設定しているとともに、低速回転域では遠心力は強く作用しないので、多少の潤滑油を解放、飛散することがあっても、吸収体22は、ある程度の潤滑油を保持する。
In addition, since the centrifugal force also acts on the lubricating oil, it is conceivable that the lubricating oil is prevented from entering the recess 21. However, since the rolling bearing 10 rotates in the low speed rotation region, the cage 20 also rotates in the low speed rotation region, and the centrifugal force does not act strongly. For this reason, the lubricating oil can enter the recess 21 without being blocked by the centrifugal force.
Furthermore, since the centrifugal force acts also on the absorber 22 and the pressing plate 23 holding the lubricating oil, the absorber 22 is pressed against the holding member 24 by the weight of the absorber 22 or the pressing plate 23 to absorb and hold it. It is conceivable that the lubricating oil being released or the centrifugal force acting on the lubricating oil itself is released from the absorber 22, but as described above, the pressing plate 23 causes the absorber 22 to move away from the absorber 22 in the low-speed rotation range. The weight of the pressing plate 23 is set so that it does not sufficiently contract and deform, and the centrifugal force does not act strongly in the low-speed rotation region, so even if some lubricating oil is released and scattered, the absorber 22 Retains some lubricant.

一方、転がり軸受10が高速回転域で回転している場合、上述したように、押圧板23は、遠心力の作用によって、凹部21の底面21aから離間して吸収体22を保持部材24に向けて押圧し、図4(b)に示すように、吸収体22を十分に収縮変形させる。
吸収体22は、押圧板23によって収縮変形されることによって、当該吸収体22が保持する潤滑油を解放する。この解放された潤滑油は、保持部材24を通過して、保持器20の外周面20b側に達し、転がり軸受10の軸受内部の潤滑に供することができる。
On the other hand, when the rolling bearing 10 is rotating in the high-speed rotation region, as described above, the pressing plate 23 is separated from the bottom surface 21a of the recess 21 by the action of centrifugal force, and the absorber 22 is directed toward the holding member 24. And press to sufficiently shrink and deform the absorber 22 as shown in FIG.
The absorber 22 is contracted and deformed by the pressing plate 23 to release the lubricating oil retained by the absorber 22. The released lubricating oil passes through the holding member 24, reaches the outer peripheral surface 20 b side of the cage 20, and can be used for lubrication inside the bearing of the rolling bearing 10.

また、転がり軸受10の回転が高速回転域から低速回転域へと変化した場合、吸収体22は、遠心力が弱まることで押圧板23の押圧が弱まり、収縮変形状態から、もとの変形前の状態に弾性的に膨張する。吸収体22は、この膨張に伴って、潤滑油をより効果的に吸収保持することができる。   Further, when the rotation of the rolling bearing 10 is changed from the high-speed rotation region to the low-speed rotation region, the absorber 22 weakens the pressing of the pressing plate 23 due to the weakening of the centrifugal force. It expands elastically to the state. The absorber 22 can absorb and hold the lubricating oil more effectively with the expansion.

以上のようにして、吸収体22は、転がり軸受10が低速回転域で回転している場合には、潤滑油を吸収保持し、高速回転域で回転している場合には、吸収保持している潤滑油を解放することができ、潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持することができる。   As described above, the absorber 22 absorbs and holds the lubricating oil when the rolling bearing 10 rotates in the low speed rotation region, and absorbs and holds the lubricating oil when rotating in the high speed rotation region. The lubricating oil that is present can be released, and the lubricating oil can be temporarily absorbed and held.

本実施形態において、潤滑油供給装置3によるオイルエアの供給量は、高速回転域において、軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量となるように設定されている。
一般に、高速回転域では、各部の回転に伴う遠心力によって軸受内部の潤滑油が外部に排出され易いことに加えて、潤滑油供給装置3が転がり軸受1の軸受内部に向けて供給するオイルエアが、内外輪及び保持器等が高速回転することて生じるエアカーテンによって軸受内部に到達するのを妨げられるため、高速回転域及び低速回転域においてオイルエアの供給量が同じであると、高速回転域の方が、軸受内部への潤滑油供給に対する阻害要因が低い低速回転域の場合と比較して、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が少なくなる。
このため、潤滑油供給装置3のオイルエアの供給量は、より多くのオイルエアの供給を要する高速回転域において、軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量となるように設定されている。
その一方、軸受内部への潤滑油供給に対する阻害要因が低い低速回転域では潤滑油が供給過多となり、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量が適切な量に対して多くなってしまう。
In the present embodiment, the amount of oil air supplied by the lubricating oil supply device 3 is set so that the amount of lubricating oil for lubricating the inside of the bearing becomes an appropriate amount in the high-speed rotation region.
In general, in the high-speed rotation range, the lubricating oil inside the bearing is easily discharged to the outside due to the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation of each part, and the oil air supplied by the lubricating oil supply device 3 toward the inside of the bearing of the rolling bearing 1 Because the air curtain generated by the high-speed rotation of the inner and outer rings and the cage is prevented from reaching the inside of the bearing, if the supply amount of oil air is the same in the high-speed rotation range and the low-speed rotation range, However, the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing is reduced compared to the case of the low-speed rotation region where the obstruction factor for the supply of lubricating oil to the inside of the bearing is low.
For this reason, the supply amount of the oil air of the lubricating oil supply device 3 is set so that the amount of the lubricating oil for lubricating the inside of the bearing becomes an appropriate amount in a high-speed rotation region where a larger amount of oil air needs to be supplied.
On the other hand, in the low-speed rotation range where the obstruction to supply of the lubricating oil into the bearing is low, the lubricating oil is excessively supplied, and the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing increases relative to the appropriate amount.

この点、本実施形態の転がり軸受10によれば、保持器20が、凹部21に収容され、潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体22と、凹部21の開口を覆って吸収体22を凹部内に保持する、潤滑油が通過可能な保持部材24とを備えているので、遠心力が強く作用しない低速回転域では、保持部材24を通過して凹部21の内部に浸入する潤滑油を、吸収体22に一時的に吸収保持させることができ、遠心力が比較的強く作用する高速回転域では、その遠心力によって、吸収体22により一時的に吸収保持されている潤滑油を、保持部材24を通過させて保持器20の外周側に解放することができる。
従って、低速回転域においては、余剰に供給される潤滑油を吸収体22により吸収保持できるので、潤滑油量が供給過多となるのを抑制し、実際に軸受内部を潤滑するための潤滑油量を適切な量とすることができる。また、高速回転域においては、吸収体22が吸収保持する潤滑油を保持器20の外周側に解放することで軸受内部の潤滑に供することができるので、潤滑油が不足し易い高速回転域において軸受内部を潤滑するための潤滑油量を十分なものとでき、好適に潤滑を行うことができる。
以上のように、本実施形態の転がり軸受10によれば、オイルエア潤滑下において、実際に軸受内部を潤滑する潤滑油量を、回転速度に応じた適切な量とすることができる。
In this regard, according to the rolling bearing 10 of the present embodiment, the cage 20 is accommodated in the recess 21 and can absorb and hold the lubricating oil temporarily, and the absorber 22 covers the opening of the recess 21. And the holding member 24 through which the lubricating oil can pass, so that the lubricating oil that passes through the holding member 24 and enters the inside of the concave portion 21 in the low-speed rotation region where the centrifugal force does not act strongly. In the high-speed rotation range where the centrifugal force acts relatively strongly, the lubricating oil temporarily absorbed and held by the absorber 22 can be obtained by the centrifugal force. The holding member 24 can be passed through and released to the outer peripheral side of the cage 20.
Accordingly, in the low-speed rotation region, the excessively supplied lubricating oil can be absorbed and held by the absorber 22, so that the amount of lubricating oil is suppressed from being excessively supplied, and the amount of lubricating oil for actually lubricating the inside of the bearing. Can be an appropriate amount. Further, in the high-speed rotation region, the lubricating oil absorbed and held by the absorber 22 can be released to the outer peripheral side of the cage 20 to be used for lubrication inside the bearing. The amount of lubricating oil for lubricating the inside of the bearing can be made sufficient, and lubrication can be suitably performed.
As described above, according to the rolling bearing 10 of the present embodiment, the amount of lubricating oil that actually lubricates the inside of the bearing under oil-air lubrication can be set to an appropriate amount according to the rotational speed.

この結果、低速回転域において生じる、潤滑油の供給過多に起因する撹拌抵抗の増加、それに伴う昇温幅の増大化や、回転トルクの増加等を抑制し、さらに、高速回転域において生じる可能性のある、潤滑油不足による焼き付き等を防止することができる。   As a result, an increase in stirring resistance due to excessive supply of lubricating oil that occurs in the low-speed rotation region, an increase in the temperature rise width associated therewith, an increase in rotational torque, etc. are suppressed, and there is a possibility that it will occur in the high-speed rotation region. It is possible to prevent seizure due to lack of lubricating oil.

また、本実施形態では、吸収体22を弾性素材により形成しているとともに、保持器20の回転により生じる遠心力によって吸収体22を保持部材24に向けて押圧する押圧部材23をさらに備えているので、以下の作用を奏する。すなわち、遠心力が比較的強く作用する高速回転域では、押圧部材23は、吸収体22を保持部材24に向けて強く押圧するので、弾性素材からなる吸収体22を弾性的に収縮変形させ、当該吸収体22が吸収している潤滑油を効果的に保持器20外周側に解放させることができる。さらに、遠心力が強く作用しない低速回転域では、押圧部材23による吸収体22への押圧が弱まるので、吸収体22を弾性的に膨張させることができ、吸収体22に潤滑油を効果的に吸収保持させることができる。   In the present embodiment, the absorber 22 is made of an elastic material, and further includes a pressing member 23 that presses the absorber 22 toward the holding member 24 by centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the cage 20. Therefore, the following effects are exhibited. That is, in the high-speed rotation region where the centrifugal force acts relatively strongly, the pressing member 23 strongly presses the absorber 22 toward the holding member 24, so that the absorber 22 made of an elastic material is elastically contracted and deformed. The lubricating oil absorbed by the absorber 22 can be effectively released to the outer periphery side of the cage 20. Furthermore, in the low-speed rotation region where the centrifugal force does not act strongly, the pressure on the absorber 22 by the pressing member 23 is weakened, so that the absorber 22 can be elastically expanded, and lubricating oil is effectively applied to the absorber 22. Can be absorbed and retained.

また、本実施形態では、保持器20に凹部21を四箇所形成したが、少なくとも一箇所形成されていればよく、より多数の凹部21を保持器20に設けてもよい。この場合、吸収保持することができる実質的な潤滑油の量を増やすことができる。   In the present embodiment, four recesses 21 are formed in the cage 20, but it is sufficient that at least one recess is formed, and a larger number of recesses 21 may be provided in the cage 20. In this case, the substantial amount of lubricating oil that can be absorbed and held can be increased.

図5は、本発明の第二の実施形態に係る転がり軸受10が有する保持器の周方向の部分断面図である。本実施形態と上記第一の実施形態との相違点は、保持部材24が、保持器20の外周面20bに外嵌固定されている環状部材である点である。その他の点については、上記第一の実施形態とほぼ同様なので説明を省略する。   FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view in the circumferential direction of the cage of the rolling bearing 10 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the holding member 24 is an annular member that is externally fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface 20 b of the cage 20. The other points are almost the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

図5において、本実施形態の保持部材24は、例えば、保持器20と同様の合成樹脂等を用いて環状に形成されており、凹部21の開口に対応する位置には、その内外周面を連通する複数の孔部24cが形成されている。このため、潤滑油は、これら孔部24cを通過することで、凹部21の内部の浸入することができる。   In FIG. 5, the holding member 24 of the present embodiment is formed in an annular shape using, for example, the same synthetic resin as that of the cage 20, and the inner and outer peripheral surfaces are arranged at positions corresponding to the openings of the recesses 21. A plurality of holes 24c that communicate with each other are formed. For this reason, lubricating oil can permeate the inside of the recessed part 21 by passing through these hole parts 24c.

本実施形態の転がり軸受10によれば、環状の保持部材24を、保持器20の外周面20bに外嵌固定すれば、当該保持部材24に凹部21の開口を覆わせ、吸収体22及び押圧板23を保持させることができ、保持部材24を容易に保持器20に設けることができる。   According to the rolling bearing 10 of the present embodiment, if the annular holding member 24 is fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface 20b of the cage 20, the opening of the concave portion 21 is covered with the holding member 24, and the absorber 22 and the pressing member are pressed. The plate 23 can be held, and the holding member 24 can be easily provided in the holder 20.

なお、本発明は、上記各実施形態に限定されるものではない。上記実施形態では、転がり軸受をアンギュラ玉軸受として構成した場合を例示したが、本発明は、円筒ころ軸受に対しても適用することができる。図6は、本発明を円筒ころ軸受に適用した場合の保持器を示している。また、本発明は、深溝玉軸受等、他の玉軸受や、円錐ころ軸受、自動調心ころ軸受等のころ軸受にも同様に適用することができる。   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. In the said embodiment, although the case where the rolling bearing was comprised as an angular ball bearing was illustrated, this invention is applicable also to a cylindrical roller bearing. FIG. 6 shows a cage when the present invention is applied to a cylindrical roller bearing. The present invention can be similarly applied to other ball bearings such as deep groove ball bearings, and roller bearings such as tapered roller bearings and self-aligning roller bearings.

10 転がり軸受 11 内輪 12 外輪
13 玉(転動体) 20 保持器 20b 外周面
21 凹部 22 吸収体 23 押圧板(押圧部材)
24 保持部材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rolling bearing 11 Inner ring 12 Outer ring 13 Ball (rolling element) 20 Cage 20b Outer peripheral surface 21 Recessed part 22 Absorber 23 Pressing plate (pressing member)
24 Holding member

Claims (3)

内輪と、この内輪の径方向外側に同心に配置された外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に転動自在に介在している複数の転動体と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に配置され前記複数の転動体を保持する環状の保持器と、を備え、
前記内輪と前記外輪との間に、オイルエアによって潤滑油が供給される転がり軸受において、
前記保持器が、当該保持器の外周に形成された径方向内側に凹む凹部に収容されているとともに、前記潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体と、
前記凹部の開口を覆っており、前記保持器の回転によって前記吸収体に遠心力が作用したときに、その遠心力によって前記吸収体から解放される前記潤滑油を通過可能に、前記吸収体を前記凹部内に保持する保持部材と、を備えていることを特徴とする転がり軸受。
An inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically on the outer side in the radial direction of the inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements, and the inner ring and the outer ring. An annular cage for holding the plurality of rolling elements,
In a rolling bearing in which lubricating oil is supplied by oil air between the inner ring and the outer ring,
The retainer is housed in a radially indented recess formed on the outer periphery of the retainer, and an absorber capable of temporarily absorbing and retaining the lubricating oil;
The opening of the recess is covered, and when the centrifugal force acts on the absorber due to the rotation of the cage, the absorber is passed through the lubricating oil released from the absorber by the centrifugal force. rolling bearing, characterized in that it and a hold member that holds in the recess.
内輪と、この内輪の径方向外側に同心に配置された外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に転動自在に介在している複数の転動体と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に配置され前記複数の転動体を保持する環状の保持器と、を備え、
前記内輪と前記外輪との間に、オイルエアによって潤滑油が供給される転がり軸受において、
前記保持器が、当該保持器の外周に形成された径方向内側に凹む凹部に収容されているとともに、前記潤滑油を一時的に吸収保持可能な吸収体と、
前記凹部の開口を覆って前記吸収体を前記凹部内に保持するとともに、前記潤滑油が通過可能な保持部材と、を備え、
前記吸収体は、弾性素材により形成されており、
前記吸収体の径方向内側に配置され、前記保持器の回転により生じる遠心力によって当該吸収体を前記保持部材に向けて押圧して当該保持部材を弾性収縮させる押圧部材をさらに備えていることを特徴とする転がり軸受。
An inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically on the outer side in the radial direction of the inner ring, a plurality of rolling elements interposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and a plurality of rolling elements, and the inner ring and the outer ring. An annular cage for holding the plurality of rolling elements,
In a rolling bearing in which lubricating oil is supplied by oil air between the inner ring and the outer ring,
The retainer is housed in a radially indented recess formed on the outer periphery of the retainer, and an absorber capable of temporarily absorbing and retaining the lubricating oil;
A holding member that covers the opening of the recess and holds the absorber in the recess and allows the lubricating oil to pass through;
The absorber is made of an elastic material,
Disposed radially inwardly of the absorbent body, that you have further comprising a pressing member for elastically contracting the holding member is pressed toward the absorbent body to the holding member by a centrifugal force generated by rotation of said retainer bearing rising rolling, characterized.
前記保持部材は、環状に形成され、前記保持器の外周面に外嵌固定されている請求項1又は2に記載の転がり軸受。   The rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the holding member is formed in an annular shape and is fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the cage.
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